Post-test Research Design Research Articles

Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme on Knowledge Regarding Anorexia Nervosa among Adolescent Girls at Alshifa College of Nursing

Introduction and Background of the study: Anorexia Nervosa is defined as an eating disorder causing people to obsess about weight and what they eat. Aim: The study to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on knowledge regarding eating disorders among adolescent girls. Material and Methods: A quasi-experimental one group pre-test post-test research design was adopted on 60 students by using convenient sampling technique. A self-administered structured knowledge questionnaire was used to assess the knowledge followed by structured teaching programme. The analysis of data was computed by using descriptive and inferential statistics. Result: In pre-test adolescent girls had poor knowledge score that is 17 (28%) and only 42(70%) adolescent girls showing moderate knowledge score and 1 (2%) adolescent girls are having good knowledge score. In post-test the majority of adolescent girls in post-test had good knowledge score that is 50(90%)) and 10(18%) adolescent girls showing average knowledge score. No samples are having poor knowledge score. Conclusion: It was concluded that post-test scores were more as compare to pre-test score thus adolescent girls has good knowledge score, thus the present study suggested that structured teaching programme on eating disorders was successful in gaining the knowledge of adolescent girls.

IMPLEMENTATION OF INTERACTIVE MULTIMEDIA-BASED MICROLEARNING LEARNING WITH THE DISCOVERY LEARNING MODEL TO INCREASE THE CREATIVITY OF THINKING OF VOCATIONAL STUDENTS

Logic gates are one of the materials in grade 10 vocational high school. Based on observations, students are having difficulties learning logic gates. The proposed solution to this problem is implementing Interactive Multimedia-based Microlearning. Microlearning divide learning content into small and focused segments which is easier for the students. The learning model used is Discovery Learning. The method used is RD (Research and Development) and One Group Pretest–Posttest research design. The subjects in this research are students of class X RPL 2 at SMK Bina Wisata Lembang that consisted of 30 students. The results of this study proved that there is an increase in student creativity based on the pretest and posttest. The increase in students' creative thinking after using this learning media has an average gain of 0.56 which interpreted as a level of effectiveness of "Medium". In conclusion, the usage of Interactive Multimedia-based Microlearning with the Discovery Learning model can increase the creative thinking of SMK students in Logic Gate material.

Pengaruh Telenursing Whatsapp Chatbot Terhadap Kepatuhan Minum Obat (OAT) Di Puskesmas Benteng Kota Sukabumi

Health problems that are of global concern are infectious diseases, one of which is tuberculosis (TB). Indonesia is one of the eight countries that contributes the most TB cases worldwide, and is ranked third after India and China (WHO, 2021). Non-compliance with taking medication is the main factor causing TB treatment failure, which reaches 50% (Aisyan, 2018). An innovation that can be done to overcome non-compliance with taking medication is the WhatsApp chatbot telenursing program. The aim of this research is to determine whether there is an effect of WhatsApp chatbot telenursing on medication adherence (OAT) in tuberculosis sufferers at Benteng Sukabumi City Health Center. This research method is experimental research with a pre-experimental one group pre-test post-test research design. The population in this study were all TB-SO and TB-RO patients who were undergoing treatment at Benteng Health Center with a total population of 51 patients. Sampling used a total sample technique according to inclusion and exclusion criteria so that the required sample was 45 respondents. The results of the study showed that there was an increase in medication compliance behavior from before the intervention, 9 respondents were compliant, after the intervention there were 44 respondents who were compliant in taking medication, and the Wilcoxon test results obtained a p-value of 0.000 < 0.05 so that H1 was accepted and existed. The influence of the WhatsApp chatbot telenursing program on compliance with anti-tuberculosis medication (OAT) in tuberculosis sufferers at Benteng Sukabumi City Health Center

PENERAPAN PEMBELAJARAN MENGGUNAKAN MEDIA PUZZLE MATH UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN MOTORIK SISWA

The objective of this study is to investigate the impact of incorporating math puzzle media on the fine motor skills of students enrolled at UPTD. SD Negeri 014672 Tanjung Alam during the odd semester of the academic year 2023/2024. This is a quasi-experimental study employing a pre-test and post-test research design with two groups. The study sample comprised all pupils enrolled at UPTD. SD Negeri 014672 Tanjung Alam. The research sample comprised 42 students, with class II B serving as the control group with a total of 2 students, and class II A serving as the experimental class with 21 students. Prior to the implementation of the learning process, the experimental class achieved an average pretest score of 73.46. The pretest average for the control group was 70.92. The average post-test score for the experimental group was 85.61, whereas the average post-test score for the control group was 73.69, following the implementation of learning through riddle math media. Following this, a t-test was employed to examine the hypothesis. The t-test results indicated that tcount = 4.17, which exceeded the critical t-value of 2.072 from the t-table. Consequently, Ha was accepted, and it was concluded that the utilization of math puzzle media had an impact on the fine motor skills of students enrolled at UPTD. SD Negeri 014672 Tanjung Alam.

Field Massage Therapy terhadap Stabilitas Fisiologis dan Kadar Bilirubin Bayi dengan Hiperbilirubinemia

This study aims to determine the effect of field massage therapy on the physiological stability and bilirubin levels of babies with hyperbilirubinemia. The method used is quantitative with a one-group post-test research design. The study's results showed that the average bilirubin level of babies after the intervention was given was 10.6 mg/dL. The statistical analysis found that the p-value was 0.000, which means there was an influence from the therapy provided. This research concluded that there were differences in the impact on physiological stability and bilirubin levels before and after being given field massage therapy. Keywords: Field Massage Therapy, Hyperbilirubinemia, Neonates

Effect of Virtual Reality-based Isolation Patient Infection Control Education Program

This study aims to identify the effect of a virtual reality (VR)-based isolation patient infection control education program on nursing students' infection control knowledge, awareness, and performance confidence. This research design was a quasi-experimental pre-test and post-test research design. The participants were 55 nursing students (experimental group 28, control group 27). Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis, the independent t-tests, and paired t-tests with SPSS version 27.0. The VR content included hand hygiene, donning and doffing personal protective equipment (PPE), post-exposure prophylaxis of sharps injury, and disposal of medical waste. The experimental group showed significantly improved in infection control knowledge (t=3.117, p=.003) and performance confidence (t=3.059, p=.004) than the control group,. However, after applying the education program, awareness of the control group showed a more significant change. This VR-based isolation patient infection control education program for nursing students can help increase competency in infection control practice.

Effect of Administration of Mackerel Oil During Pregnancy on the Expression of Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) in the Cerebrum of Newborn Mice

Omega 3 contained in mackerel oil extract is an important constituent of neuron cell walls and the raw material for building fetal brain cells. DHA and EPA in omega 3 regulate BDNF synthesis through a p38-MAPK dependent mechanism. BDNF has a role in regulating cell survival and programming cell death (apoptosis) in the brain. This study aims to determine the effect of giving mackerel oil during pregnancy on BDNF expression in the cerebrum of newborn rats. Posttest research design only control group with true experimental type. A sample of 30 rats with 10 each per group. The first group was the control group (K), the second group was mackerel oil (P1), and the third group was omega 3 supplements (P2). BDNF expression examination methods with immunohistochemistry. The data were analyzed analytically with ANOVA and continued with post hoc LSD. There was a significant difference in the expression of BDNF cerebral newborn rats between groups with a value of p = 0.000 (2.780 ± 0.52 in the control group, 3.670 ± 0.36 in the mackerel oil group, and 3.670 ± 0.45 in the omega 3 supplement group ) . The conclusion of this study was that the group given mackerel oil extract had a higher BDNF cerebral expression than the other groups.

Effects of Myofascial Release and Neuromuscular Taping (NMT) on Decreasing Pain in The Condition Myofascial Pain Syndrome Upper Trapezius Muscle

Myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) refers to soft tissue pain resulting from irritation of local points within the skeletal muscle and myotendinous junctions. MTP produces pain with any activating stimulus (direct or indirect trauma), causing local and referred pain, tenderness, motor dysfunction, autonomic phenomena, and hyperexcitability of the central nervous system. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of Neuromuscular Taping (NMT) and Myofascial Release (MR) intervention in reducing pain in patients with Myofascial Pain Syndrome of the Upper Trapezius Muscle. Methods: Case study with pre and post-test research design that compares the pain values before and after being measured with a measuring instrument Visual Analog Scale (VAS) to determine the effect of Myofascial Release (MR) and Neuromuscular Taping (NMT) on the condition of Myofascial Pain Syndrome in the Upper Trapezius Muscle for 4 weeks Result: the results of the Wilcoxon test analysis indicated that P<0.05, with a P value of 0.000. Therefore, it was determined that in patients with Upper Trapezius Muscle Myofascial Pain Syndrome, there was a difference in pain levels before and after receiving physiotherapy techniques such as Neuromuscular Taping (NMT) and Myofascial Release (MR).

Differences In The Effectiveness Of Green Belt Leaf Boiled Water And Soursop Leaves On Which White In Adolescent Girls At SMAN 4 Serang City, Banten, 2023

In Indonesia, the problem most often experienced by young women is vaginal discharge. In medical circles, vaginal discharge is known as leukorrhea or fluor albus, which is a discharge from the vagina. Vaginal discharge is a candida fungal infection in female genitalia and is caused by organisms such as yeast, namely candida albicans. Under normal circumstances, the vagina produces fluid that is clear, odorless, colorless, not excessive in quantity and not accompanied by itching. Vaginal discharge is the most common complaint found in women. Vaginal discharge can occur in normal circumstances (physiological), but can also be a symptom of a disorder that must be treated (pathological). The research used was a Quasy Experiment type of research to determine the difference in the effectiveness of giving boiled water from green betel leaves and soursop leaves on vaginal discharge in young women at SMA Negeri 4 Serang Banten with a Two Group Pretest - Posttest research design. Respondents were divided into 2 groups, namely the betel leaf group and the soursop leaf group, each group numbering 45 people. With univariate and bivariate analysis. With the results of the Wilcoxon test, which obtained a significance value of 0.001 (p<0.05), it can be concluded "there is a significant difference in the effect of boiled green betel leaf water on vaginal discharge" and the results of the Wilcoxon test obtained a significance value of 0.000 (p<0.05 ), it can be concluded "there is a significant difference in the effect of boiled soursop water on vaginal discharge".

A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Planned Teaching Programme on Knowledge Regarding Selected Cardiac Emergencies among the Staff Nurses Working in the Selected Hospitals of Banaskantha District, Gujarat

Background: Cardiovascular diseases exert a huge burden on individuals and society, with coronary heart disease the single most common cause of death in the United Kingdom and other developed countries. Death rates from coronary heart disease have been falling over recent decades, mostly because of reductions in important risk factors, especially smoking. About two-fifths of the reduction in deaths resulted from improvements in medical care. Methods: This study included the Quantitative research approach, pre-experimental one-group pre–test post-test research design. 80 Staff Nurses were selected by using the Non-probability Convenient Sampling technique. On the first day pre-test was done by using the Self-administered questionnaire, Explaining cardiac emergencies. On the 7th day, a post-test was done by using a Self-administered questionnaire, to check the effect of the planned teaching program on knowledge regarding cardiac emergencies among the staff nurses. The data obtained were analyzed and interpreted by using both descriptive and inferential statistics in terms of frequency, percentage, and chi-square. Results: The knowledge regarding Selected cardiac emergencies among Staff Nurses was assessed. the ‘z’ value of 17.62 is significantly higher than the table value of 1.96 at 0.05 level significance. This indicates that there was a difference in the pre-test and post-test knowledge scores of respondents and the Planned teaching Programme is effective in improving the knowledge score of Staff Nurses, hence the H1 hypothesis was proved and accepted. There is an association between post-test knowledge scores with selected Socio-demographic variables; hence the research hypothesis (H2) is accepted.

Pengaruh Latihan Target Menggunakan Kaki Bagian Dalam Terhadap Akurasi Shooting Bagi Atlet Tim Futsal SMAN 1 Kadugede

Introduction. This research was carried out because the futsal team athletes at SMAN 1 Kadugede were less enthusiastic and interested in the training methods provided so the training was less than optimal. This study aims to determine the effect of target training using the inside of the foot on shooting accuracy in athletes from the futsal team at SMAN 1 Kadugede. Method. The type of research used in this research is experimental and one group pretest posttest research design so that all samples receive treatment. The treatment given by researchers was 12 meetings with a frequency of 2 times a week. Sampling in this study used total sampling, so that there were 20 athletes from the SMAN 1 Kadugede Futsal Team. The research instrument used in this study was a shooting accuracy test using the inside of the foot towards a predetermined target in the goal area. Data analysis used the t test (paired sample t test) with a significance level of 0.05 using SPSS 26 software. Results. The results of the research that has been carried out show that there is a significant increase, from the mean pretest result of 20.00 and posttest of 22.35, there is an increase with a difference of 2.35. Conclusion. The results of this research prove that target training using the inside of the foot on shooting accuracy for athletes from the futsal team at SMAN 1 Kadugede has a significant influence.

GEOMETRY IN WARLI: MERGING FOLK ART WITH MATHEMATICS TEACHING

The study was themed on art integration (folk art “Warli” and geometry images) in mathematics teaching and its effect on learners' achievement. The objectives were (i) to develop art-integrated mathematical instructional modules to teach mathematical concepts and (ii)To measure the effect of an art-integrated mathematical instructional intervention on learner achievement. The quasi-experimental post-test research design with a single group post-test design was used. 45 participants of 7th-grade students from Govt Upper Primary School have been selected. The intervention was designed on the Triangle and its Properties through Warli folk art and geometry images. After obtaining post-test scores, data analysis was done. Therefore, learners' overall achievement was based on learning outcomes. The results revealed that the range of achievement was between 60-95%, and achievement of remembering, understanding, and applying learning objectives was 89%, 83%, and 84%, and analyzing learning outcomes achieved 64% while evaluating and creating learning outcomes were committed to 63 % and 69 %. The results showed that the art-integrated instructional intervention was found to be positive in higher-order cognitive abilities.

Pengaruh Circuit Training Terhadap Motivasi Santri Putra Dalam Melaksanakan Aktivitas Olahraga di Pondok Pesantren Nurul Jadid

Sport for all is a movement that emerged to bring awareness to the importance of sport for all. This movement is based on the community's need for sports regardless of all kinds of differences, including for someone who is in an Islamic boarding school environment. This research aims to determine the effect of Circuit Training exercises on students' motivation in carrying out sports activities at the Nurul Jadid Islamic Boarding School, Probolinggo. The method used in this research is a quasi-experiment or quasi-experiment with a one group Pretest and Posttest Design research design. In this research, the number of samples used was 15 respondents using a purposive sampling technique or determining certain criteria. The instrument in this research uses a questionnaire. Then the data that has been obtained and collected will be analyzed using descriptive tests with the help of the SPSS VERSION 25 application program. Next, the data will be tested using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality test, this test is used to find out whether the data obtained in the research is normally distributed or not. Then, to test the hypothesis, use the T Paired Sample Test to determine the effect of providing treatment in each treatment group. After analyzing the research data. The results of the research show that there is a significant influence on Circuit Training exercises on students' motivation in carrying out sports activities at the Nurul Jadid Islamic Boarding School, Probolinggo.

To Assess the Effectiveness of the Video Assisted Teaching on Knowledge and Practice Regarding Tracheostomy Care among Staff Nurses with a View to Develop Protocol on Tracheostomy Care

Background: The staff nurses services of tracheostomy patients care play a very vital role based on the principle of ’time saving is lifesaving’. Tracheostomy care is a major health issue in various parts of the world. The number of patients with tracheostomy is increasing in both developed and developing countries. This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of video assisted teaching on knowledge and practice regarding tracheostomy care among the staff nurses and to develop protocol on tracheostomy care. Methods: A pre-experimental research approach, one group pre-test and post-test research design was adopted to carry out the present study non probability convenient sampling technique was used to select 30 staff nurses. Data was collected by means of structured knowledge of questionnaire to assess the knowledge and observational checklist to assess the practice of staff nurses regarding tracheostomy care. The analysis was done using descriptive and inferential statistics in terms of frequency, percentage, means, median, mode, standard deviation, mean difference t-test and chi square test in IBM SPSS Statistics 20. The significance level was set at P≤0.05. Results: A purely improvement in the score of knowledge and practice regarding tracheostomy care among staff nurses was observed (P<0.05). There was also a significant association between the knowledge score and the clinical experience (P= 0.03) and CNE on tracheostomy care (P= 0.01). Conclusion: The staff nurse has inadequate knowledge and fair practices regarding tracheostomy care. A video assisted teaching and protocol administration is an effective strategy to increase their knowledge and improve their practice. Also, holding in-service training courses regarding the tracheostomy care is considered necessary.

The effect of kegel exercises on urinary incontinence in menopausal women in the Banyuwangi Hindu elderly community

Introduction: Urinary incontinence refers to an individual's inability to restrain or control the discharge of urine due to weakness of the pelvic floor muscles and bladder muscles that are unable to control urine. This causes contamination of skin diseases in the genital area, quality of sleep, and decubitus. Prevention efforts can be provided with non-pharmacological therapy by doing Kegel exercises to stretch the pelvic floor muscles. The mechanism of action strengthens the capacity of the bladder sphincter. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the effect of Kegel exercises on urinary incontinence in postmenopausal women in the Banyuwangi Hindu elderly community in 2023. Methods: This research employed a pre-experimental research design with a one-group pre-test post-test research design of 18 respondents using a purposive sampling technique. Statistical analysis using the Wilcoxon test. Results: The study's results before the intervention were those who experienced urinary incontinence in the elderly with a minimum value of 13, a median value of 17.50, and a maximum value of 22. After the intervention, those experiencing urinary incontinence had a minimum value of 4, a median value of 7.44, and a maximum value of 12. The findings of this research, analyzed using the Wilcoxon Test with SPSS, yielded a significance value of p = 0.000, which is less than 0.05. This indicates that Kegel Exercise has an impact on Urinary Incontinence in Menopausal Women in the Banyuwangi Hindu Elderly Community in 2023. Conclusions: Kegel exercises contract, increase muscle tone, improve healing by up to 50%, and form a supporting structure for the pelvis, vagina, urethra, and rectum to affect the inability to urinate under control.

MANAJEMEN PENDEKATAN FISIOTERAPI DENGAN TERAPI LATIHAN DAN POSTURAL CORRECTION TERHADAP NYERI MUSKULOSKELETAL LOW BACK PAIN SELAMA KEHAMILAN

Low back pain (LBP) is a common musculoskeletal problem during pregnancy with an estimated prevalence of 30% -78% of pregnant women experiencing complaints in the form of low back pain at some point in their pregnancy. This type of LBP can occur in the pelvic bones between the posterior iliac crest, gluteal folds or in the lumbar spine area. In this case the pain usually spreads to the buttocks, legs and feet. This is due to hormonal changes, blood circulation and biomechanical changes. low back pain usually increases with increasing gestational age, interfering with work, every activity and sleep so that it has an impact on the quality of life of pregnant women. This research aims to determine the effect of providing exercise and postural correction on the condition of low back pain during pregnancy. Method: this research uses quasie experimental with a pre and post test research design without control group design, the population in this study were all pregnant women who were experiencing low back pain who received physiotherapy services in the form of providing exercise and postural correction totaling 15 clients. Results: based on paired sample tests in the group treatment obtained a value of P = 0.001 (P<0.05) with a mean value of 5.27 ± 2.07, meaning that there were significant differences in results before and after the intervention of providing exercise and postural correction. Conclusion: there was a decrease in the VDS (verbal descriptive scale) value in low back pain conditions by providing exercise and postural correction interventions. This can be seen from the difference between the results before and after the intervention, which means that the exercise and postural correction interventions significantly have a very good effect in reducing pain scores in low back pain conditions during pregnancy

Effectiveness of Muscle Strengthening Exercises on Joint Pain among the Late Middle Age Group in Bordowali Health and Wellness Centre, Agartala, West Tripura

The researcher conducted a study on effectiveness of Muscle strengthening exercises on joint pain among the late middle age group in Bordowali Health and Wellness Centre, Agartala, West Tripura. Objectives: The objectives of the study were to assess the pre-existing level of joint pain among the late middle age group, to evaluate the effectiveness of Muscle strengthening exercises on joint pain among the late middle age group, and to find out the association between pre-existing level of joint pain among the late middle age group with their selected demographic variables. Method: The present study’s conceptual framework was based on Modified Wiedenbach’s Helping Art of Clinical Nursing Theory (1964). A quantitative evaluative research approach, pre-experimental one group pre-test post-test research design and purposive sampling technique were used for the study. Data collection: Data were collected from 40 late middle age group through interview technique by administering the socio-demographic proforma and Modified pain scale on joint pain, stiffness and quality of life. Active Muscle strengthening exercises were provided as an intervention for 35 minutes daily for 20 consecutive days. On 20th day, post-test was taken through interview technique by administering the Modified pain scale on joint pain, stiffness and quality of life. Result: The result showed that the mean post-test level of pain score of joint pain among the late middle age group (34.27±12.94) was lower than the mean pre-test level of pain score (63.15±16.92) with mean difference of 28.88. Paired ‘t’ test value (8.59) was also found significant at 0.05 level of significance (df=39, table value=2.02). Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) ‘F’ value showed there was a significant association between pre-test level of joint pain among the late middle age group with their selected demographic variables - type of family [‘F’ value=3.86, table value=3.23, df between group – 2, within group – 37], total number of family members staying with you [‘F’ value=3.31, table value=3.23, df between group – 2, within group – 37], duration of suffering from joint pain [‘F’ value=5.52, table value=3.23, df between group – 2, within group – 37] which were significant at 0.05 level of significance. Conclusion: The findings of the present study concluded that Muscle strengthening exercises were an effective measure to reduce the level of joint pain among the late middle age group.

Effectiveness of selected interventions on quality of life and self-efficacy among elderly.

India is one of the world's developing countries, and its population is ageing, that is, increasing, which increases the demand for health care. Ageing is a natural process. Quality of life (QoL) and self-efficacy are two of the most important factors in human development. This is a study to assess the effectiveness of selected interventions on QoL and self-efficacy among elderly. A community-based survey was used to select samples in a rural community. Data were collected between March 25 and April 23, 2022 using a quasi-experimental, one-group pre- and post-test research design. This survey was conducted among the elderly, of whom 60 were selected using simple random sampling techniques. Selected interventions were administered. The WHOQOL BREF (standardized tool) and GSE scales were used to assess the QoL and self-efficacy among the elderly. The study findings revealed that at the baseline level of QoL and self-efficacy, none of the subjects had good QoL and high self-efficacy, whereas after implementation of the selected interventions, the majority of the elderly had average QoL (98.3%) and 81.7% had high self-efficacy. The baseline mean score for QoL was 48.3% and that for self-efficacy was 61.3%, with post-test scores of 65.8% and 80.7%, respectively, and there was a statistical difference at P < 0.001. The study findings evidenced that selected interventions (education, reminiscence therapy, and demonstration of exercise) were effective in improving the QoL and self-efficacy among the elderly. Aged populations need to maintain their active, healthy, and happy living. Studies recommend these interventions are beneficial for elderly populations.

A Study to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Planned Video-assisted Health Educational Program on Knowledge of Health Hazards and its Prevention Among Selected Sanitary Workers of City Corporation Kalaburagi District of Karnataka State

Aim: The aim of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a planned video-assisted health educational program on knowledge of health hazards and its prevention among selected sanitary workers of the city corporation Kalaburagi district of Karnataka state.Materials and Methods: This study used quasi-experimental methods. In this study, a single-group pre-test and post-test research design was used. City corporation Kalaburagi district hosted this study. This study has 100 participants. The sample size is 100. The researcher employed basic random sampling in this investigation.Results: Most subjects (50%) were 30–39 years old. The sample was 51% male. Most subjects (40%) were high school graduates. Most sanitary workers were married (65%). Hindus make up 54% of respondents. About 31% had 1–5 years of experience. About 48% of subjects obtain TV info. It also found that 98% of sanitary staff had poor pre-test knowledge. In the post-test, 46% of subjects had enough knowledge of health hazard prevention after the scheduled video-assisted health educational course The respondents’ mean pre-test knowledge scores were 19.43 (38.86%) with a standard deviation of 3.143, indicating poor knowledge. After the planned video-assisted health educational session, respondents’ mean knowledge scores improved to 37.28 (74.56%) with a standard deviation of 2.985. Furthermore, at 0.01 significance, the “t” = 40.378 was bigger than the tablevalue. Age, gender, education, marital status, religion, prior employment experience providing sanitary services, and information source were not significant at the 0.05 levels. There is no significant correlation found between the knowledge level of sanitary workers and the studied factors.Conclusion: It appears that pre- and post-test sanitary workers’ health hazard prevention knowledge differs and program of video-assisted health education on health dangers and preventive for chosen sanitation personnel of City Corporation, Kalaburagi district, Karnataka.

Learning Package Outcome on Sibling Rivalry Management among Parents

Sibling rivalry is one of humanity’s oldest problems. By “sibling rivalry” we mean the antagonism or hostility between brothers or sisters which manifests it in circumstances such as in the common children’s family fights. Therefore, present study aims to assess the effectiveness of Planned Teaching Program (PTP) on knowledge regarding sibling rivalry and its management among parents in selected community area. Pre experimental one group pre-test and post-test research design was selected to conduct the study. 60 Parents of siblings were selected for this study by using purposive sampling technique. Result revealed that 71.7% parents scored inadequate knowledge, 28.3% moderate knowledge in pre-test while in post-test 21.7% scored adequate knowledge level, 73.3% moderately adequate knowledge and 5% scored inadequate knowledge regarding sibling rivalry and its management. The overall mean percentage of the pre-test and post-test knowledge scores was 41.55%, and 67% respectively and mean difference was 8.650 and ‘t’ value 26.275 was found significant. It shows that learning package was effective in improvement of knowledge level regarding sibling rivalry and its management among parents. Socio demographic variables like age, sex, religion family income, number of children and education were significantly associated with the pretest knowledge score of the parents. Conclusion: The study concluded that learning package was effective in improvement of knowledge level among parents about sibling rivalry.