Post-test Control Group Design Research Articles

Medical and Psychological Intervention for Indian Adult Patients with Cancer: A Randomised Control Study

Background Contemporary cancer care primarily focuses on advanced biomedical treatments, often overlooking the psychological and social challenges associated with the illness (psychosocial factors). This oversight can undermine the efficacy of healthcare and subsequently impact the overall well-being of cancer patients. There is a widespread consensus among medical professionals that psychological factors play a crucial role in the care and treatment of cancer patients. Purpose The main aim of this study was to examine the effects of treatment as usual (TAU) and a combined intervention (CI) of TAU and psychological intervention (PI) on stress, coping strategies and quality of life among adult cancer patients. Methods The present study employed a pretest–post-test control group design comprising two groups—Group I (a control group involving TAU only) and Group II (an experimental group involving TAU and PI). In Group I ( n1 = 30), the patients with cancer were randomly selected from a pool of 105 cancer patients from three cancer types, lung cancer (LC), breast cancer (BC) and head/neck cancer (HNC), and were administered only TAU (e.g., surgery, chemotherapy and radiation‑hormonal therapy). In Group II ( n2 = 30), the participants were administered not only the regular TAU but also the PI involving psychoeducation, cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) and guided imagery. Three research instruments, namely QSC-R23, Brief Cope Inventory and EORTC QLQ-C30 version 3.0, were used for the present study. Results The study findings revealed that both TAU and CI resulted in positive outcomes across the measured variables. Notably, there was a decrease in stress levels and an improvement in coping strategies, encompassing problem-focused, emotion-focused and adaptive coping. Furthermore, participants showed a decreased reliance on maladaptive coping strategies and reported an enhanced quality of life, as evidenced by improvements in symptom scales. Conclusion The study indicated that combining PI with TAU resulted in better outcomes, highlighting the effectiveness of CI (TAU with PI) for cancer patients compared to TAU alone.

Effects of flipped listening classroom on undergraduate students’ foreign language listening anxiety and willingness to communicate

Effects of flipped listening classroom on undergraduate students’ foreign language listening anxiety and willingness to communicate

The Effect of the Story Completion Technique on Creative Writing Skills

Written works are the most significant tool in transmitting a society's culture to future generations. Therefore, enhancing the effectiveness and usage of creative writing is important. Various methods and techniques are employed in writing education to foster a love for writing from a young age and to aid in producing creative writing works. One such method involves completing unfinished stories. This study aims to demonstrate the effect of the story completion technique on students' creative writing skills. The study was conducted using a pre-test, post-test control group design among experimental studies. The sample consisted of 37 fourth-grade students from a primary school in the Central Anatolia Region, Türkiye with 19 in the experimental group and 18 in the control group. The experimental group was subjected to the story completion technique, while the control group received no special treatment and followed the Turkish language curriculum as planned by the teacher. The interventions lasted for 8 weeks. Data were collected by scoring students' creative writing products using the “Creative Writing Products Evaluation Scale” and were statistically processed using the SPSS software package. In the analysis of the data, the t-test was used for paired comparisons, and significance was sought at the .05 level. The results showed that students in the experimental group, who used the story completion technique, had significantly higher writing scores than those in the control group. Furthermore, it was observed that the writing levels of students in the experimental group improved from medium to good. These results indicate that the story completion technique is effective in enhancing students' creative writing skills.

The effect of augmented reality application (ARSINAPS) on learning motivation and outcomes in biology

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of using the ARSINAPS mobile augmented reality application on learning motivation and outcomes in high school and biology education students. The method used in this study was quasi-experimental with a post-test control group design. The research sample consisted of two experimental classes and two control classes from three schools in the Jakarta, Bekasi, and Tangerang areas, totalling 140 students, and from the college level, consisting of one experimental class and one control class, totalling 68 students. The data obtained were in the form of learning outcomes in the respiratory system and learning motivation scores in biology learning. The average high school-level motivation score in the control class was 85.99, and the overall average for learning outcomes was 77.33 and 63.05. Based on the results of the data calculations, the application effectively improves students’ learning outcomes at the high school and undergraduate levels

Effectiveness of strengthening exercises on positive thinking skills, psychological wellness and mental strength in athletes with a meniscus-ripped knee

This study aims to examine the influence of positive thinking, psychological well-being, and mental toughness on the recovery process following strengthening exercises in individuals diagnosed with a meniscus tear in the knee. The research cohort comprises 32 athletes diagnosed with a meniscus tear through Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Of these participants, 26 are male, and 6 are female, all aged above 18, engaged in amateur sports across diverse disciplines, and having sustained injuries during athletic activities. The participants were randomly assigned to two groups: Group A (experimental, n=16) and Group B (control, n=16). The study adopts a mixed model incorporating experimental, survey, and relational methodologies. The experimental model utilizes the experimental method with pretest-follow-up test and posttest control group design. Over an 8-week period, participants engage in exercises with each training session comprising 10 repetitions conducted twice daily. Assessments using the Positive Thinking, Psychological Well-Being, and Mental Resilience scales occur during the Pre-Test, Follow-up Test, and Post-Test stages throughout the study duration. Analysis of the research results reveals mean scores for positive thinking and psychological well-being scales above the medium level, whereas mental toughness scale scores approximate the middle level. The study concludes a moderate, yet statistically insignificant, positive correlation among positive thinking, psychological well-being, and mental toughness scale scores. Significantly, participants, guided by a physical therapist, exhibit a faster recovery rate compared to the control group. Consequently, it is inferred that the incorporation of psychological support alongside physical exercises contributes to an accelerated recovery process.

Pengaruh Problem Based Learning terhadap Kemampuan Bernalar Kritis Siswa Sekolah Dasar

One of the ways to enhance students’ critical reasoning skills is by using the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model. It can help students improve critical reasoning skills in mathematics. The research aims to determine the effect of PBL on the critical reasoning abilities of MI Tarbiyatul Huda students. This research employed quantitative research using an experimental approach with a quasi-experimental. This research used a Pre-test and Post-test Control Group Design. The method used to obtain data is using test. Meanwhile, the data analysis technique used was hypothesis testing analysis using SPSS Statistics ver. 2.6. Based on the results of the analysis, it is found that the F test shows that the F value = 0.466 with a probability significance level of 0.761 > 0.05. It can be concluded that H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted. It means that the hypothesis is accepted. It means that there is a significant influence of the PBL model in statistical material on the critical reasoning abilities of class VI MI Tarbiyatul Huda students.

KEEFEKTIFAN LAYANAN BIMBINGAN KELOMPOK DENGAN TEKNIK SOSIODRAMA UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEPERCAYAAN DIRI SISWA KELAS XI IPA SMA NEGERI 1 TANJUNG

The purpose of this study was to determine how effective group guidance services with sociodrama techniques are to increase the self-confidence of class XI science students at SMA Negeri 1 Tanjung. This type of research is a quantitative experiment with a True Experiment research method using a pretest posttest control group design. The samples taken were 20 students, 10 students for the experimental group and 10 students for the control group using purposive random sampling. In this study, data were obtained through research instruments in the form of a self-confidence scale and interviews. The research design used was pretest, treatment, and posttest. The treatment was carried out five times in the experimental group with an average of 69 to 86.1, an increase of 17.1. The results of the hypothesis test obtained that tcount = 100,662 were consulted with a significance level of 5% (0,05) namely 2,101. This shows that tcount = 100,662 > ttable = 2,101 It was concluded that group guidance services with sociodrama techniques were effective in increasing the self-confidence of class XI science students at SMA Negeri 1 Tanjung.

Increased knowledge about clean and healthy living behavior in an effort to prevent diarrhea

Diarrhea is one of the common public health issues, especially in areas with poor sanitation and unhealthy lifestyles. Preventive efforts against diarrhea involve not only medical interventions but also the importance of education on PHBS (Clean and Healthy Living Behavior). This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of increasing knowledge about PHBS in preventing diarrhea. The research method used is experimental with a pre-test and post-test control group design. The subjects consist of two groups: the intervention group receiving PHBS education and the control group without education. Data collection was done through knowledge questionnaires before and after the intervention. The results showed a significant increase in knowledge about PHBS in the intervention group after receiving education, compared to the control group. This indicates that PHBS education is effective in improving the knowledge and understanding of the community in preventing diarrhea. The conclusion of this research emphasizes the importance of PHBS education in preventing diarrhea in the community. Structured and comprehensive education programs can be an effective strategy to reduce the incidence of diarrhea and improve public health overall.

Effectiveness of social media-assisted course on learning self-efficacy

The social media platform and the information dissemination revolution have changed the thinking, needs, and methods of students, bringing development opportunities and challenges to higher education. This paper introduces social media into the classroom and uses quantitative analysis to investigate the relation between design college students’ learning self-efficacy and social media for design students, aiming to determine the effectiveness of social media platforms on self-efficacy. This study is conducted on university students in design media courses and is quasi-experimental, using a randomized pre-test and post-test control group design. The study participants are 73 second-year design undergraduates. Independent samples t-tests showed that the network interaction factors of social media had a significant impact on college students learning self-efficacy. The use of social media has a significant positive predictive effect on all dimensions of learning self-efficacy. Our analysis suggests that using the advantages and value of online social platforms, weakening the disadvantages of the network, scientifically using online learning resources, and combining traditional classrooms with the Internet can improve students' learning self-efficacy.

Practice module training to increase pharmacist knowledge and skills in identifying drug therapy problems in hypertensive patients

Background: Pharmacists are responsible for drug therapy given to patients to achieve therapeutic results in pharmaceutical services. Various studies state that there are still many hypertension sufferers who have not reached the target of therapy. This happens because there are still many problems with drug therapy. Aim: This study aimed to increase pharmacists' knowledge and skills in identifying drug therapy problems (DTP) in hypertensive patients at primary care centres (PHCs). Method: This study was attended by forty PHC pharmacists in the Surabaya area. The research was conducted in May-August 2020, with a pre-and post-test control group design. The research sample consisted of 20 pharmacists in the treatment group and 20 in the control group. The different test was carried out with the Wilcoxon test. Result: The results showed a difference between the pre-and post-test results of pharmacist knowledge (p < 0.05), indicating increased pharmacists’ knowledge. There were differences in the skills of pharmacists in collecting patient demographic data, finding DTP, and conducting intervention (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Practice module training can improve pharmacists’ knowledge and skills in identifying DTP.

The Effect of Dart Board Media in Discovery Learning Model toward The Motivation Learning

This quasy-experimental research aims to determine the effect of Dart Board media in the Discovery Learning Model toward the motivation learning. The research design used was pretest - posttest control group design. The population in this study were students of class XI SMA Negeri 1 Soppeng who studied chemistry totaling three classes. Sampling used was simple random technique so as to obtain class XI 9 as an experimental group and class XI 10 as a control group. Data collection was done by giving motivation questionnaire at the beginning and end of the meeting. The results of descriptive statistical analysis obtained the average learning motivation value of the experimental group pretest of 73,5 and posttest of 80,83, and the control group pretest of 73,90 and posttest of 77,25. The results of the inferential statistical analysis at a significant level of 0,05 obtained Zcount> Ztable (2,62 > 0,65), then H1 is accepted and H0 is rejected. Based on the test results it can be concluded that there is effect of Dart Board media in the Discovery Learning Model toward the motivation learning.

Pengaruh Penerapan Metode Quantum Kauny terhadap Peningkatan Kemampuan Tahfidz Qur’an Siswa di SD IT Cendekia Darussalam

Problems that become obstacles in carrying out the tahfidz Qur'an program at SD IT Cendekia Darussalam, thereby disrupting the improvement of the quality and ability of tahfidz Qur'an of students at school, include the lack of enthusiasm and motivation of students in memorizing the Qur'an, the deposit for memorizing was not fluent, students could not understand the meaning of their memorization and also the use of learning media and the choice of methods were inappropriate which cause the problems with the quality of students' memorization.This study was aimed to find out (a) how high the quality of students' memorization of the Qur'an is after implementing the quantum kauny method at SD IT Cendekia Darussalam. (b) the effect of applying the quantum kauny method on improving students' tahfidz Qur'an abilities at SD IT Cendekia Darussalam. The method used in this research was quantitative experimental method with a Quasi Experimental pretest posttest control group design. The samples in this study were students of class VI AL-Munadi and class VI Al-Munawwir. Data collection techniques in this research consisted of tests, documentation, observation and interviews. The results of the research show that there is a difference in test results using the Quantum Kauny method in pretest and posttest using the conventional method, this is proven by the "t" test and the results of hypothesis testing in class VI Al-Munawwir obtained tcount > ttable namely 13.066 > 2.07387 and significance value (2-tailed) < 0.05. then the test results in class VI Al-Munadi obtained tcount > ttable, namely 2.369 > 2,045 and the significance value (2-tailed) < 0.05, and the N-Gain test from the results of the N-gain analysis in the Experiment class was 0.33 medium category and control class 0.-12 low category. So it can be concluded that the use of the quantum kauny method has an effect on increasing the ability of tahfidz Qur'an students at SD IT Cendekia Darussalam because Ha is accepted and Ho is rejected

Aplikasi Tepung Biji Pepaya sebagai Alternatif Obat Herbal dalam Pengendalian Penyakit Cacingan pada Sapi Potong

This research aims to analyze the potential of Papaya Seed Flour as an Alternative to Herbal Deworming Medicine in Controlling Worm Disease in Beef Cattle. The research was carried out in Paseh District, Sumedang Regency in January 2024. This research was carried out experimentally. The sampling technique was carried out using purposive random sampling. This research used bulls, aged around 1-1.5 years. This research uses a Pre-test Post-test Control Group Design. The research sample consisted of 10 penned bulls. Before the cow is given treatment in the form of giving the herbal medicine papaya seed flour (Pre-treatment), the cow's feces are taken to be identified and the number of worm eggs infecting the digestive tract is counted. The treatment given is in the form of administering herbal medicine from papaya seed flour (TBP) at a dose of 5g/head, for 3 consecutive days within a period of one week, then testing feces samples (post-treatment) to test the effectiveness of the herbal medicine in reducing levels of and the number of infecting worms. The test parameters in this study were the number of EPGs before and after administration of TBP and FECR until seven days after treatment ended. The research results showed that Papaya Seed Flour has the potential to be an alternative herbal worm medicine in suppressing the growth of digestive tract worms in cattle significantly (p<0.05) with an FECR value reaching 76.9%.

Affective, Psychomotoric, and Cognitive Changes in Young Women at Wachid Hasyim Tebuireng High School are BSE with Blended Learning by Health Education

Background: Breast cancer is a significant health concern among Indonesian women, emphasizing the need for effective prevention strategies. Purpose: This study investigates the effects of health education utilizing the Breast Self-Examination (BSE) method, augmented with blended learning, on the affective, psychomotor, and cognitive aspects of young women attending Wachid Hasyim Tebuireng High School. Method: Employing a Pre-Test Post-Test Control Group design, participants were divided into control and intervention groups. The intervention group received health education utilizing the BSE technique combined with blended learning, while the control group did not undergo this intervention. Results: Results indicated substantial improvements in the affective, psychomotor, and cognitive domains among young women who received health education with blended learning. Positive attitudes towards BSE increased significantly, with average scores rising from 75.1 to 85.3 post-intervention. Similarly, psychomotor skills improved, evidenced by scores escalating from 72.4 to 84.5 after receiving education. Moreover, cognitive understanding saw a remarkable enhancement, with average scores soaring from 67.3 to 87.6 following the intervention. Conclusion: The study concludes that integrating blended learning with health education significantly enhances young women's psychomotor, affective, and cognitive responses to BSE. These findings underscore the efficacy of blended learning in augmenting the impact of health education, particularly in empowering young women with essential knowledge and skills for breast cancer prevention and early detection.

Intelligibility of English Vocabulary for Young Learners in EFL Context: Digital Book Vs Printed Book on Listening and Pronunciation Skills

This study explores young learners’ intelligibility of English vocabulary for young learners in the EFL (English as a Foreign Language) context using Digital Books vs Printed Books which focus on listening and pronunciation skills. The intelligibility was measured from listening tests. The research is an experimental study with a pretest–posttest control group design. Sixty-one out of 156 elementary level from grade 4th were taken randomly thirty students belonged to the control group while another thirty belonged to the experimental group. This study applied the Mann-Whitney Test. The result showed that young learners with digital books outperformed listening and pronunciation for young learners in the EFL context. In short, digital books with listening and pronunciation are very beneficial for young learners in acquiring EFL vocabulary.

Effect of Gender on Office Technology and Management (OTM) Students’ Academic Achievement and Retention in Record Management in Polytechnics in Anambra State, Nigeria

The study determined the effect of gender on office technology and management (OTM) students’ academic achievement and retention in record management in polytechnics in Anambra State, Nigeria. The study was quasi-experimental research which specifically used the pretest, posttest nonequivalent control group design. The population of the study was 6,213 Ordinary National Diploma (OND) and Higher National Diploma (HND) offering OTM in Federal Polytechnic Oko, Anambra State and the sample size was 347 OTM students. The instrument for data collection was Record Management Achievement Test (RMAT) extracted from second year OND AND HND past questions from 2019-2023. RMAT was administered to OTM students in both experimental and control groups. Test-retest method was used to establish the reliability of the instrument and data were analyzed with Pearson Product Moment Correlation coefficient which yielded 0.86. Mean was used to answer the research questions while analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to test the hypotheses. The SPSS version 21.0 was used for analysis. Findings revealed that male performed better than their female counterparts in record management and also there is no statistically significant difference on the pretest and posttest mean retention scores of male and female office technology and management students’ in record management. Based on the results and discussions of the findings of the study, the researchers are pertinent that students’ academic achievements in record management are not influenced by gender. It was therefore recommended among others, that record management teachers should endeavor to give female and male students equal opportunities in the classroom.

Impacto de un programa de enfermería de atención domiciliaria basado en aplicaciones móviles en la calidad de vida de los pacientes y la carga familiar

ObjectiveThis study aims to identify the effectiveness of a mobile application-based home care nursing service in improving patient quality of life and healthy lifestyle and reducing the family burden. MethodsThis study was a clinical trial with a pre- and post-test control group design. The accessible population in this study was post-discharge patients from general hospitals in West Kalimantan and East Kalimantan, Indonesia, who required home care nursing. We allocated a selected sample of 40 people to the intervention group and 40 people to the control group using a randomized block design. We gave mobile application-based home care nursing to the intervention group and community health nursing care to the control group. This study was conducted in 10 months (January-October 2022). We measure the patient quality of life, healthy lifestyle, and family burden before and 3 months after the intervention. ResultsThere was no significant difference in the post-test quality of life between the two groups (P=.187), but there was a significant difference in the psychological (P=.014) and environmental health (P=.021) domain of quality of life. There was no significant difference in the post-test of a healthy lifestyle between the two groups (P=.083). There was a significant difference in the post-test family burden between the two groups (P=.015). ConclusionMobile Application-Based Home Care Nursing is effective in improving patient quality of life in the psychological and environmental health domains and reducing the family burden for post-discharge patients.

Impact of a mobile application-based home care nursing program on patients’ quality of life and family burden

ObjectiveThis study aims to identify the effectiveness of a mobile application-based home care nursing service in improving patient quality of life and healthy lifestyle and reducing the family burden. MethodsThis study was a clinical trial with a pre- and post-test control group design. The accessible population in this study was post-discharge patients from general hospitals in West Kalimantan and East Kalimantan, Indonesia, who required home care nursing. We allocated a selected sample of 40 people to the intervention group and 40 people to the control group using a randomized block design. We gave mobile application-based home care nursing to the intervention group and community health nursing care to the control group. This study was conducted in 10 months (January–October 2022). We measure the patient quality of life, healthy lifestyle, and family burden before and 3 months after the intervention. ResultsThere was no significant difference in the post-test quality of life between the two groups (p = 0.187), but there was a significant difference in the psychological (p = 0.014) and environmental health (p = 0.021) domain of quality of life. There was no significant difference in the post-test of a healthy lifestyle between the two groups (p = 0.083). There was a significant difference in the post-test family burden between the two groups (p = 0.015). ConclusionMobile Application-Based Home Care Nursing is effective in improving patient quality of life in the psychological and environmental health domains and reducing the family burden for post-discharge patients.

Enhancing students’ performance on least taught topics in basic calculus through Moodle-based courseware package

This study utilized the developmental research design to identify the least taught topics in basic calculus and design and investigate the effectiveness of a Moodle-based courseware package. Data were collected from seven basic calculus teachers and five academic administrators through survey questionnaires, interviews, and validation sheets. The quasi-experimental phase of the study used a pre-/post-test control group design with a sample of 69 students, 34 students in the experimental group and 35 students in the control group. The experimental group received instruction using an asynchronous Moodle-based courseware package, while the control group received instruction through lecture notes. Results showed that the least taught topics include infinite limits, limits at infinity, and limits of trigonometric, exponential, and logarithmic functions. These topics were least taught due to time constraints, students’ capacity, scheduling, complexity, and relatability. Validation of the courseware package showed a very high validity. It was found that the use of Moodle-based courseware package and lecture notes effectively increased the students’ performance. However, one-way analysis of covariance results showed that the experimental group gained considerably greater than those in the control group. It was recommended that teachers continue to update their knowledge of different teaching methodologies to develop an encouraging and dynamic learning environment.

USING PHET SIMULATIONS TO IMPROVE STUDENTS' REPRESENTATION ABILITY ON THE TOPIC OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS

This research aims to determine whether there is an increase in students' representation abilities after using PhET Simulations on the topic of chemical reactions. This type of research was quasi-experimental using a pretest and posttest control group design. This research involved two groups of students, namely the experimental group using PhET Simulations during the learning process while the control group only used conventional worksheets. The data collection technique used a 25-item test that refers to indicators of representational ability. This hypothesis test uses the t-test (Independent Sample t-Test) using the assumption that the data is normally distributed and homogeneous. The results of the analysis show that there was an influence of using PhET Simulation in improving students' representation abilities at MA Al-Hikmah as evidenced by the sig (2-tailed) value of 0.000 < 0,05 so that H0 is rejected with the n-Gain value in the experimental class of 0.71 which is in the high category.