Post Supplementation Research Articles

Effect of in ovo and post hatch oral supplementation of copper and zinc nanoparticles on growth and immune response in broilers

In ovo supplementation of nutrients is emerging as an innovative technique used to enhance the productivity of broiler chicken. In ovo inoculation with mineral nanoparticles help in exploring the potentials of nanotechnology in embryonic nutrition. This study has been conducted to investigate the effect of in ovo supplementation of copper nanoparticles (CuNP) and zinc nanoparticles (ZnNP) on the growth and immune response of broiler chicken. Six hundred eggs were incubated. At 18 days of incubation the eggs were candled and the fertile eggs allotted into seven treatment groups with 80 eggs each. The control group (T1) was in ovo inoculated with normal saline. The treatment groups T2, T3 and T4 were supplemented CuNP in ovo (12μg/egg), orally post hatch and in combination (in ovo + oral) respectively. The treatment groups T5, T6 and T7 were supplemented with ZnNP (80 μg/egg) in ovo, orally post hatch and in combination. The results of weekly body weight and bodyweight gain up to six weeks of age showed that in ovo supplementation of copper and zinc nanoparticles did not influence growth significantly. The feed consumption and FCR did not differ significantly between treatment groups. The humoral and cell mediated immunity immunity were non-significant in the copper and zinc nanoparticles supplemented groups. Thus, the in ovo and dietary supplementation of copper and zinc nanoparticles has similar effects on growth and immune response of broiler chicken. Keywords: Broiler, growth, immune response, in ovo nutrition, copper, zinc, nanoparticles

Liposome encapsulating pine bark extract in Nile tilapia: Targeting interrelated immune and antioxidant defense to combat coinfection with Aeromonas hydrophila and Enterococcus faecalis

Application of smart delivery systems for encapsulation of natural ingredients provides novel avenues and is being frequently developed. Thus, we aimed to highlight the effects of cyclosome liposomal pine bark extract (CL-PBE) on Nile tilapia growth, immunomodulation, antioxidant capacity and resistance against coinfection with Aeromonas hydrophila and Enterococcus faecalis and their associated virulence genes. The experiment was conducted on four fish groups receiving a control diet (control) along with three baseline meals supplemented with 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg diet of CL-PBE (CL-PBE 200, 400 and 600, respectively). At the end of the 12-weeks feeding trial, the tilapias were intraperitoneally challenged with virulent A. hydrophila strain and five days later, E. faecalis challenge was carried out. The results revealed that tilapias fed diets fortified with CL-PBE displayed significantly enhanced growth rate and feed conversion ratio in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, we demonstrated that CL-PBE had potent antioxidant property presented by modulation of several markers of oxidative stress; substantial reductions in reactive oxygen species, hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde levels, an elevation in total antioxidant capacity and boosting glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in fish serum and muscle tissues. This was also correlated with augmenting the expression of CAT, SOD, GSH-Px, Nrf2 and caspase-1 genes alongside reducing those of COX-2, HSP70 and iNOS genes in response to CL-PBE. Our data demonstrated that CL-PBE fortification counteracted the overly pronounced inflammatory response-mediated induction of IL-1β, TNF-α, MHCII and TLR2 genes at the transcriptional levels post coinfection together with promotion in MUC2 and IL-10 genes expression. Notably, our findings displayed optimal well-functioning fish immune system post dietary supplementation of CL-PBE for the protection against coinfection with A. hydrophila and E. faecalis. This was evident from the decline of their counts and hence encompassing the capacity to reduce cumulative mortality percentage in conjunction with interference with their virulence via the significant downregulatory effects of CL-PBE on E. faecalis esp and gelE and A. hydrophila act and fla virulence genes. Taken together, our study strongly suggested dietary inclusion of CL-PBE for Nile tilapias with superior growth performance and significant economic benefits coupled with potent stimulatory effects on antioxidant capacity and immune response expediting our detailed understanding of how coinfection with A. hydrophila and E. faecalis was controlled.

Probiotic post feed restriction supplementation on realimentation performances, carcass characteristic, gut morphology and gut microbes of broiler chicken

Probiotic post feed restriction supplementation on realimentation performances, carcass characteristic, gut morphology and gut microbes of broiler chicken

Luteolin alleviates muscle atrophy, mitochondrial dysfunction and abnormal FNDC5 expression in high fat diet-induced obese rats and palmitic acid-treated C2C12 myotubes

Obesity is associated with a series of skeletal muscle impairments and dysfunctions, which are characterized by metabolic disturbances and muscle atrophy. Luteolin is a phenolic phytochemical with broad pharmacological activities. The present study aimed to evaluate the protective effects of Luteolin on muscle function and explore the potential mechanisms in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese rats and palmitic acid (PA)-treated C2C12 myotubes. Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were fed with a control diet or HFD and orally administrated 0.5% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (vehicle) or Luteolin (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg, respectively) for 12 weeks. The results showed that Luteolin ameliorated HFD-induced body weight gain, glucose intolerance and hyperlipidemia. Luteolin also alleviated muscle atrophy, decreased ectopic lipid deposition and prompted muscle-fiber-type conversion in the skeletal muscle. Meanwhile, we observed an evident improvement in mitochondrial quality control and respiratory capacity, accompanied by reduced oxidative stress. Mechanistic studies indicated that AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α signaling pathway plays a key role in the protective effects of Luteolin on skeletal muscle in the obese states, which was further verified by using specific inhibitors of AMPK and SIRT1. Moreover, the mRNA expression levels of markers in brown adipocyte formation were significantly up-regulated post Luteolin supplementation in different adipose depots. Taken together, these results revealed that Luteolin supplementation might be a promising strategy to prevent obesity-induced loss of mass and biological dysfunctions of skeletal muscle.

Tissue-Level Effect of Andrographis and Ashwagandha Metabolites on Metabolic and Inflammatory Gene Expression in Skeletal Muscle and Adipose Tissue: An Ex Vivo/In Vitro Investigation.

Adipose tissue and skeletal muscle dysfunction play a central role in cardiometabolic morbidity. Ashwagandha and Andrographis are purported to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity, but this is based on exposure of cells to the parent compounds ignoring phytochemical absorption and metabolism. We explored the anti-inflammatory/antioxidant effects of ashwagandha and Andrographis in ex vivo human models of skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. Healthy participants supplemented with 2000 mg/day Andrographis (n = 10) or 1100 mg/day ashwagandha (n = 10) for 28 days. Sera collected pre (D0) and post (D28) supplementation were pooled by timepoint and added to adipose explant (AT) and primary human myotube (SKMC) culture media (15% v/v) for treatment. A Taqman panel of 56 genes was used to quantify these. In AT, treatment with ashwagandha sera decreased the expression of genes involved in antioxidant defence and inflammatory response (CCL5, CD36, IL6, IL10, ADIPOQ, NFEL2, UCP2, GPX3, GPX4; geometric 95% CI for fold change > 1) and altered the expression of genes involved in fatty acid metabolism. In SKMC, ashwagandha sera altered FOXO1 and SREBF1 expression. Andrographis sera decreased IL18 and SERPINEA3 expression in AT. This physiologically relevant in vitro screening characterises the effects of ashwagandha in AT to guide future clinical trials.

Neurocognitive effects a combined polyphenolic-rich herbal extract in healthy middle-aged adults – a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study

ABSTRACT Objective: This study assessed whether polyphenolic rich supplement containing Bacopa monnieri (BM: 300 mg), Panax quinquefolius ginseng (PQ: 100 mg) and whole coffee fruit extract (WCFE: 100 mg) could enhance cognitive performance, affect and cerebral-cortical activation over 28-days of intervention. Method: A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, between-group study of 52 healthy adults between 35 and 65 years (M = 50.20, SD = 9.37) was conducted. Measures of cognition, affect and brain activity were measured at three time points: baseline, 28 days post intervention and 14 days post washout. At each time point, haemodynamic response in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) was measured using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), and serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Results: The polyphenolic-rich supplement reliably improved positive affect and delayed recall compared to placebo following 28 days of supplementation. For the brain, those in the active condition showed greater PFC activation on performance of the 2-back tasks post supplementation compared to placebo (p < .05, d = 0.6). Discussion: This is the first report of a 28-day supplement intervention and 2-week follow-up study to assess changes in affect, cognition, cerebral haemodynamic response and BDNF in healthy middle-aged adults. The potential synergistic effects of polyphenolic compounds on neurocognitive function in middle-aged adults through emotional-cognitive processing and cognitive reserve are important for promoting brain and cognitive health.

Shatavari supplementation in postmenopausal women alters the skeletal muscle proteome and pathways involved in training adaptation

PurposeShatavari is an understudied, widely available herbal supplement. It contains steroidal saponins and phytoestrogens. We previously showed that six weeks of shatavari supplementation improved handgrip strength and increased markers of myosin contractile function. Mechanistic insights into shatavari’s actions are limited. Therefore, we performed proteomics on vastus lateralis (VL) samples that remained from our original study.MethodsIn a randomised double-blind trial, women (68.5 ± 6 years) ingested either placebo or shatavari (equivalent to 26,500 mg/d fresh weight) for six weeks. Tandem mass tag global proteomic analysis of VL samples was conducted (N = 7 shatavari, N = 5 placebo). Data were normalized to total peptides and scaled using a reference sample. Data were filtered using a 5% FDR. For each protein, the pre to post supplementation difference was expressed as log2 fold change. Welch’s t tests with Benjamini–Hochberg corrections were performed for each protein. Pathway enrichment (PADOG, CAMERA) was interrogated in Reactome (v85).ResultsNo individual protein was significantly different between supplementation conditions. Both PADOG and CAMERA indicated that pathways related to (1) Integrin/MAPK signalling, (2) metabolism/insulin secretion; (3) cell proliferation/senescence/DNA repair/cell death; (4) haemostasis/platelets/fibrin; (5) signal transduction; (6) neutrophil degranulation and (7) chemical synapse function were significantly upregulated. CAMERA indicated pathways related to translation/amino acid metabolism, viral infection, and muscle contraction were downregulated.ConclusionOur analyses indicate that shatavari may support muscle adaptation responses to exercise. These data provide useful signposts for future investigation of shatavari’s utility in conserving and enhancing musculoskeletal function in older age. Trial registrationNCT05025917 30/08/21, retrospectively registered.

Effect of postpartum calcium supplementation on serum calcium and parathyroid hormone concentrations in multiparous Holstein cows

Although postpartum Ca supplementation strategies are often employed to prevent subclinical hypocalcemia in dairy cows, these strategies have produced a mix of beneficial, neutral, and detrimental results when assessing milk yield and subsequent disease outcomes. Because the mechanisms underlying these differing results are unknown, our objectives were to determine how common postpartum Ca supplementation strategies affect blood Ca concentrations and parathyroid hormone (PTH). We conducted a randomized controlled trial with 74 multiparous dairy cows on a commercial dairy in central New York. Cows were assigned to 1 of 4 supplementation groups immediately after calving: (1) control (CON; no Ca supplementation, n = 15); (2) conventional oral Ca supplementation (BOL-C; 43 g of oral Ca bolus administered immediately after calving and 24 h later, n = 17); (3) delayed oral Ca supplementation (BOL-D; 43 g of oral Ca bolus administered 48 and 72 h after calving, n = 15); or (4) subcutaneous infusion (SQ; 500 mL of 23% Ca borogluconate infused subcutaneously once immediately after calving, n = 15). Blood samples were collected immediately after calving (0 h) and at 8, 16, 24, 32, 40, 48, 56, 64, 72, 80, 88, 96, 120, and 168 h postpartum for a total of 15 blood samples per cow. Cows were excluded if administered Ca, via any route, by farm employees or if they died or were sold within 96 h following parturition, which left 62 cows for analysis. Linear mixed models, accounting for repeated measures, were created to analyze changes in serum total Ca (tCa) and PTH over the first 168 h after parturition and assess differences between supplementation groups. Serum tCa and PTH concentrations were not different at the time of calving among supplementation groups. There was a supplementation group by hour postcalving interaction for mean tCa concentration in which SQ cows had reduced tCa concentrations from 32 to 64 h compared with CON cows, 32 to 96 h compared with BOL-C cows, and 40 to 64 h compared with BOL-D cows. Mean PTH concentration did not differ among supplementation groups across 168 h after enrollment and was 158.1 pmol/L (95% confidence interval [CI] = 148.2 to 168.0) for CON cows, 164.0 pmol/L (95% CI = 154.9 to 173.1) for BOL-C cows, 158.7 pmol/L (95% CI = 149.2 to 168.1) for BOL-D cows, and 153.2 pmol/L (95% CI = 143.6 to 162.8) for SQ cows. Our findings suggest that although serum tCa does not differ between cows that receive conventional or delayed oral Ca bolus supplementation at calving and cows that receive no supplemental Ca, subcutaneous infusion of Ca at calving reduces serum tCa for a substantial period between 32 and 64 h postsupplementation. However, as PTH concentrations did not differ among groups across 168 h postpartum, the mechanism by which tCa is reduced remains unclear.

Influence of acute dietary nitrate supplementation timing on nitrate metabolism, central and peripheral blood pressure and exercise tolerance in young men

PurposeDietary nitrate (NO3−) supplementation can lower systolic blood pressure (SBP) and improve exercise performance. Salivary flow rate (SFR) and pH are key determinants of oral NO3− reduction and purported to peak in the afternoon. We tested the hypotheses that NO3−-rich beetroot juice (BR) would increase plasma [nitrite] ([NO2−]), lower SBP and improve exercise performance to a greater extent in the afternoon (AFT) compared to the morning (MORN) and evening (EVE).MethodTwelve males completed six experimental visits in a repeated-measures, crossover design. NO3−-depleted beetroot juice (PL) or BR (~ 13 mmol NO3−) were ingested in the MORN, AFT and EVE. SFR and pH, salivary and plasma [NO3−] and [NO2−], brachial SBP and central SBP were measured pre and post supplementation. A severe-intensity exercise tolerance test was completed to determine cycling time to exhaustion (TTE).ResultsThere were no between-condition differences in mean SFR or salivary pH. The elevation in plasma [NO2−] after BR ingestion was not different between BR-MORN, BR-AFT and BR-EVE. Brachial SBP was unchanged following BR supplementation in all conditions. Central SBP was reduced in BR-MORN (− 3 ± 4 mmHg), BR-AFT (− 4 ± 3 mmHg), and BR-EVE (− 2 ± 3 mmHg), with no differences between timepoints. TTE was not different between BR and PL at any timepoint.ConclusionAcute BR supplementation was ineffective at improving TTE and brachial SBP and similarly effective at increasing plasma [NO2−] and lowering central SBP across the day, which may have implications for informing NO3− supplementation strategies.

Daily consumption of galactooligosaccharide gummies ameliorates constipation symptoms, gut dysbiosis, degree of depression and quality of life among sedentary university teaching staff: A double-blind randomized placebo control clinical trial.

Functional constipation affects approximately 10% of the Indian population and may reduce the quality of life (QOL)and increase gut dysbiosis. PURPOSEOF STUDY: The study aimed at assessing the impact of galactooligosaccharide (GOS) gummy supplementation on gut health, depression status and QOL of constipated subjects. A double-blind placebo control clinical trial (CTRI/2021/10/037474) was conducted on sedentary constipated adults (n = 35), who were split into an experimental group (n = 17) and a control group (n = 18), supplemented with 10g GOS and sugar gummies, respectively, for 30days. Relative abundance of fecal gut microbes, including Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Clostridium and Bacteroides and phyla Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes using real-time polymerase chain reaction and short-chain fatty acids, was analyzed pre and post supplementation. Constipation profile was studied using Rome IV criteria and the Bristol stool chart. Depression status was studied using the Becks Depression Inventory. TheQOL was assessed using patient assessment of constipation. GOS gummy supplementation increased Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus by 1230% and 322%, respectively, (p < 0.001; p < 0.01) with reduced Clostridium by 63%, phylum Firmicutes by 73% and Bacteroidetes by 85% (p < 0.01). The GOS-supplemented group demonstrated a higher F/B ratio (4.2) indicating improved gut health (p < 0.01) with reduced gut dysbiosis and constipation severity. GOS gummies enhanced acetic acid and butyric acid levels compared to the control group (p < 0.01; p < 0.001). Post supplementation, there was 40% reduction in depression (p < 0.01) and 22% improvement in QOL (p < 0.05). This research validates the predicted beneficial benefits of short-term GOS consumption on constipation profile, gut microflora, depression status and quality of life of constipated subjects.

Tripterygium glycosides sensitizes cisplatin chemotherapeutic potency by modulating gut microbiota in epithelial ovarian cancer.

Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is a fatal gynecological malignancy with limited therapeutic options. Previous research has demonstrated that Tripterygium glycosides (GTW) can enhance effectiveness of cisplatin (DDP) chemotherapy against EOC. However, the underlying mechanism of GTW alleviating EOC still remains unclear. In this article, an ID8 cell-derived xenograft mouse model was established to evaluate the anti-tumor efficacy of GTW combined with DDP. Consistent with previous findings, the results suggested that GTW combined with DDP can exhibit a stronger tumor suppressive effect than DDP alone. Additionally, GTW was found can further exert gastrointestinal protection against DDP by reducing pathological damage on colon tissue. Secondly, to verify whether gut microbiota play an instrumental role in GTW's anticancer effect, we treated mice models with antibiotic to eliminate gut microbiota. And our experimental results indicated that all drug groups showed a weaker tumor suppressive effect and more severe gastrointestinal damage post antibiotic supplement. At genus level, the relative abundance of Lactobacillus was dramatically diminished by the antibiotic treatment, while combined treatment of GTW and DDP can significantly restore the level. Moreover, we performed Lactobacillus acidophilus transplantation and healthy mice fecal microbiota transplantation experiments to further investigate the link between the anticancer effect of GTW and gut microbiota. Our results suggested that both cisplatin-sensitizing and intestinal barrier-protecting effects of GTW can be recovered to a different extent. In conclusion, our results indicated that GTW is a promising chemosensitization and intestinal barrier repair drug for EOC, and the potential mechanism may corelate with the restoration of the compromised intestinal microbial balance.

Methane Reduction Potential of Hydroponic Fodders and Combination of Hydroponic Fodder Bajra with Anionic Salts in Increasing Serum Calcium Level of Transition Cows

Background: The study reported in this research is to assess the methane reduction potential of hydroponic fodders and its novel combination with anionic salts on the serum calcium level in transition cows, the period cows are prone to metabolic disorders. Methods: A growth trial of hydroponic fodders to assess the biomass yield and an in vitro gas production study was conducted to assess the methane production on inclusion of different hydroponic fodders with that of conventionally cultivated fodders along with paddy straw and concentrate feed. A feeding trial was also conducted in 16 transition cows (farm and field conditions) to assess the serum calcium level through feeding anionic salts viz., calcium sulphide and magnesium chloride along with hydroponic fodder bajra. Result: Significantly (P less than 0.05) lowest methane production was observed in paddy straw, hydroponic fodder bajra, concentrate feed group compared to other treatment groups. Anionic salts supplementation for three weeks prior to calving resulted in significant (P less than 0.05) increase in the serum calcium levels. In post supplementation, average increase in serum calcium level is 0.93 mg/dl, an increase by 10.80 per cent. Further, feeding cost of anionic salts (Calcium sulphide and magnesium chloride) for three weeks (21 days) is only INR 55.65/-.

Combination L-Glutamine with Gemcitabine and Nab-Paclitaxel in Treatment-Naïve Advanced Pancreatic Cancer: The Phase I GlutaPanc Study Protocol.

Advanced pancreatic cancer is underscored by progressive therapeutic resistance and a dismal 5-year survival rate of 3%. Preclinical data demonstrated glutamine supplementation, not deprivation, elicited antitumor effects against pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) alone and in combination with gemcitabine in a dose-dependent manner. The GlutaPanc phase I trial is a single-arm, open-label clinical trial investigating the safety of combination L-glutamine, gemcitabine, and nab-paclitaxel in subjects (n = 16) with untreated, locally advanced unresectable or metastatic pancreatic cancer. Following a 7-day lead-in phase with L-glutamine, the dose-finding phase via Bayesian design begins with treatment cycles lasting 28 days until disease progression, intolerance, or withdrawal. The primary objective is to establish the recommended phase II dose (RP2D) of combination L-glutamine, gemcitabine, and nab-paclitaxel. Secondary objectives include safety of the combination across all dose levels and preliminary evidence of antitumor activity. Exploratory objectives include evaluating changes in plasma metabolites across multiple time points and changes in the stool microbiome pre and post L-glutamine supplementation. If this phase I clinical trial demonstrates the feasibility of L-glutamine in combination with nab-paclitaxel and gemcitabine, we would advance the development of this combination as a first-line systemic option in subjects with metastatic pancreatic cancer, a high-risk subgroup desperately in need of additional therapies.

EFFECT OF VITAMIN D SUPPLEMENTATION IN ADULTS PRESENTING WITH CHRONIC LOWER BACK PAIN

To determine the clinical efficacy of vitamin-D supplementation on pain intensity and functional disability in patients with chronic lower back pain.This prospective cohort study was conducted from 20th March 2017 to 19th March 2019. The inclusion criteria were patients of CLBP aged between 15 to 55 years. Exclusion criteria included all the patients with Disc prolapse, Spinal stenosis, Any signs of neurological involvement, Metabolic bone disease (Hypo- or Hyperparathyroidism) and Chronic kidney disease/Chronic liver disease. Patients were supplemented with 50,000 IU of oral vitamin-D3 every week for 8 weeks (induction phase) and 50,000 IU of oral vitamin-D3 once monthly for 6 months (maintenance phase). Efficacy parameters included pain intensity and functional disability measured by VAS and modified Oswestry disability questionnaire (MODQ) scores at baseline, 2, 3 and 6 months post-supplementation. Vitamin-D3 levels were measured at baseline,2,3 and 6 months.A total of 600 patients were included in the study. The mean age of patients was 44.2 ± 11.92 years. There were 337 (56.2%) male patients while 263 (43.8%) female patients. Baseline mean vitamin-D levels were 13.32 ± 6.10 ng/mL and increased to 37.18 ± 11.72 post supplementation (P &lt; 0.0001). There was a significant decrease in the pain score after 2nd, 3rd&amp; 6th months (61.7 ± 4.8, 45.2 ± 4.6 &amp; 36.9 ± 7.9, respectively) than 81.2 ± 2.4 before supplementation (P &lt; 0.001). The modified Oswestry disability score also showed significant improvement after 2nd, 3rd &amp; 6th months (35.5, 30.2 &amp; 25.8, respectively) as compared to baseline 46.4 (P &lt; 0.001). About 418 (69.7%) patients attained normal levels after 6 months.Vitamin-D supplementation in chronic lower back pain patients may lead to improvement in pain intensity and functional ability.

L- Arginine and Nitric Oxide Levels Among Children with Sickle Cell Disease Presented With Vaso-Occlusive Crisis in Federal Teaching Hospital Gombe, North Eastern Nigeria.

Aim: The Aim of This Study Is To Evaluate The Level Of L- Arginine And Nitric Oxide Levels Among Children With Sickle Cell Disease presented with vaso-occlusive crisis in pediatric department, Federal Teaching Hospital Gombe, North Eastern Nigeria. Methology: The area selected for this study was Federal Teaching Hospital (FTH), Gombe, Nigeria. Gombe State is located in the North- estern part of Nigeria. This study included 60 children aged 1-14 years with a confirmed HbSS electrophoretic pattern presented to the sickle cell clinic unit of Federal Teaching Hospital Gombe, Gombe State. About 5 millilitres of blood sample was collected from each subject aseptically using the venepuncture technique. The blood was collected into tubes containing dipotassium ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid (K2EDTA) anticoagulant and the remaining samples was left undisturbed at room temperature and later centrifuged at 3000rpm for 5minutes to obtain clear non- haemolysed plasma. The plasma was transferred into sterile labelled test tubes and assayed (in batches) for l-arginine and Nitric Oxide. Results: This study included children with a confirmed HbSS electrophoretic pattern aged 1-14 years with mean age 7.4500 ±0.50613 years, Presented to the sickle cell clinic unit of Federal Teaching Hospital Gombe, Gombe State. There was a statistically significant difference between the baseline and post L-arginine supplementation. The L-arginine and nitric oxide were significantly higher post supplementation compared to baseline levels among sickle cell disease subjects with vaso-occlusive crisis (p= 0.001and 0.01 respectively).

PSAT173 Evaluation of efficacy and safety of different doses of cholecalciferol supplementation in healthy adults- a single blind randomized control trial.

Abstract Background Vitamin-D (VD) has been shown to be associated various skeletal and non-skeletal benefits. Despite synthesis in the body, 70-80% of population has been found to be VD deficient, due to poor sunlight exposure, increasing environmental pollution, indoor habits etc. Institute of medicine recommended daily allowance (RDA) of 600 IU/day, while Endocrine society recommends a daily intake of 1500-2000 IU/day for age group 19-70 years. In the absence of mandatory food fortification with VD, supplementation is an effective alternate strategy to mitigate the issue of VD deficiency. Optimal supplementation dose for achieving and maintaining sufficient VD levels in Indian adults is still not known. Aim To evaluate optimal dose of oral cholecalciferol supplementation to achieve and maintain serum hydroxy vitamin D [25(OH)D] sufficiency in Indian adults. Methodology In this single center blinded randomized control study, a total of 168 healthy subjects age (18-60 years) were randomized in four groups (A, B, C and D). Subjects were supplemented with 600, 1000, 2000 IU/day and 60,000 IU/month of cholecalciferol to group A, B, C and D in two phases, winter phase and summer phase of three months each with a washout period of three months in between. Serum 25(OH)D, iPTH, calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase levels and urine calcium/creatinine ratio was assessed at baseline, 12 weeks, 24 weeks and 36 weeks. Results The mean increase in serum 25(OH)D following supplementation was 21.67±6.54, 32.50±7.33 and 27.72±5.64 ng/ml after three months, 25.96±7.95, 31.52±8.95, 48.05±9.88 and 40.73±12.96 ng/ml after six months of supplementation in group A, B, C and D respectively, with 9.1%, 16.2%, 50% and 39.5% of subjects achieved levels of &amp;gt;30ng/ml after three months and 27.3%, 59.5%, 93.8% and 76.3% after six month of VD supplementation in group A, B, C and D respectively. Supplementation with VD at various doses raised serum 25(OH)D levels in a dose dependent manner, with an average rate constant of 1.79±0.79 ng/ml/100IU/day. Higher BMI and baseline serum 25(OH)D levels negatively associated with gain in serum VD levels. Overall, secondary hyperparathyroidism decreased from 29.3 to 8·6% post-supplementation. No significant difference in urinary Ca/Cr ratio between baseline and post supplementation was noted. Conclusion In accordance with the level of treatment, various oral cholecalciferol regimens improved serum 25(OH)D levels in all the subjects, but the 2000 IU/day achieved the best results while being safe. Daily supplementation with 2000 IU of oral cholecalciferol does meet the RDA requirement of achieving serum 25(OH)D of &amp;gt;30ng/ml in 94% subjects. Whether RDA of 600 IU/day, recommended by IOM is sufficient to combat VD deficiency in our population, is debatable. Presentation: Saturday, June 11, 2022 1:00 p.m. - 3:00 p.m.

The gut microbiome, mild cognitive impairment, and probiotics: A randomized clinical trial in middle-aged and older adults

Advancing age coincides with changes in the gut microbiome and a decline in cognitive ability. Psychobiotics are microbiota-targeted interventions that can result in mental health benefits and protect the aging brain. This study investigated the gut microbiome composition and predicted microbial functional pathways of middle-aged and older adults that met criteria for mild cognitive impairment (MCI), compared to neurologically healthy individuals, and investigated the impact of probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial. A total of 169 community-dwelling middle-aged (52-59 years) and older adults (60-75 years) received a three-month intervention and were randomized to probiotic and placebo groups. Participants were further subdivided based on cognitive status into groups with intact or impaired cognition and samples were collected at baseline and post supplementation. Microbiome analysis identified Prevotella ruminicola, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, and Bacteroides xylanisolvens as taxa correlated with MCI. Differential abundance analysis at baseline identified Prevotella as significantly more prevalent in MCI subjects compared to cognitively intact subjects (ALDEx2 P =0.0017, ANCOM-BC P =0.0004). A decrease in the relative abundance of the genus Prevotella and Dehalobacterium in response to LGG supplementation in the MCI group was correlated with an improved cognitive score. Our study points to specific members of the gut microbiota correlated with cognitive performance in middle-aged and older adults. Should findings be replicated, these taxa could be used as key early indicators of MCI and manipulated by probiotics, prebiotics, and symbiotics to promote successful cognitive aging. Registered under ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier no. NCT03080818.

Variability in response to vitamin D supplementation according to vitamin D metabolism related gene polymorphisms in healthy adults.

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to determine the influence of polymorphisms in some key gene actors of the vitamin D (vitD) metabolic pathway on supplementation efficacy.MethodsIn total, 245 healthy participants were recruited from occupational medicine service in Sahloul University Hospital with vitD deficiency [25(OH)D ≤ 30 ng/ml]. After giving an informed consent, all participants were asked to complete a generalized questionnaire and to follow a detailed personalized supplementation protocol. Genetic study was performed by PCR-RFLP for 15 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) belonging to DBP, CYP2R1, CYP27B14, CYP24A1 and VDR genes. Statistical study was carried out with SPSS23.0.ResultsAmong the studied SNPs, non-response was significantly associated with variant alleles of rs4588 (OR* = 11.51; p < 0.001), rs10766197 (OR* = 6.92; p = 0.008) and rs12794714 (OR* = 5.09; p = 0.004). These three SNPs contributed in 18.8% in response variability with rs4588 being the most influential (10.3%). There was a significant linear negative correlation between baseline 25(OH)D and post supplementation 25(OH)D concentration (r = −0.437; p < 0.001) as well as a linear negative association between the increase in 25(OH)D concentration and GRS (GRS: genetic risk score = the sum of risk alleles) (r = −0.149; p = 0.033).ConclusionsDBP-rs4588, CYP2R1-rs10766197 and rs12794714 variants are associated with variations in serum 25(OH)D concentrations and efficacy of response to vitD supplementation in Tunisian adults. Taking into account these variations can help to better adapt vitD intake to ensure a higher response to supplementation.

PRIMARY UMBILICAL ENDOMETRIOSIS: A RARE CASE REPORT

Umbilical endometriosis is a rarest form of extrapelvic endometriosis, incidence being 0.5% - 1% of all extrapelvic endometriosis. In primary umbilical endometriosis there is no history of any previous abdominal and pelvic invasive procedures. Most patients present with an umbilical nodule which is associated with cyclical pain and bleeding from the lesion during menstrual cycle. It is mainly diagnosed clinically and is conrmed by histopathology. Surgery is the treatment of choice. Pre and post operative hormonal supplementation results in better outcome

Effect of 12 Weeks Vitamin D Supplementation (Alphacalcidol) on Blood Pressure in Elderly Women Patients

Background : Cardiovascular disease have overtaken communicable disease for being the main killer worldwide. Hypertension or high blood pressure is one of the risk factors. Elderly women statistically have a high prevalence of hypertension. Vitamin D is known to affect blood pressure and many studies showed the association between vitamin D and blood pressure with varying result. This study aim to evaluate the effect of vitamin D supplementation (alphacalcidol) for 12 weeks and change in blood pressure of elderly women patients in community health service clinic (KPKM) Medical Faculty Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University of Jakarta (FK UIN Jakarta), with pre and hypertension grade 1 patients in majority. Methods : Analytical pre-post study design was conducted as a part of an RCT (Randomized Controlled Trial) studies with 106 participants of elderly women (45 intervention group, 61 control group).Results : Vitamin D deficiency in the intervention group significantly decreased post-supplementation from 22.2% to 8.9%. Subgroup analysis showed the decrease in blood pressure is greater in the subgroup middle-age elderly than young-age elderly category. Even though there was a significant change in the diastolic blood pressure in the subgroup of middle-age elderly post supplementation (p=0.03), Mann-Whitney statistical analysis showed that 12 weeks vitamin D supplementation (alphacalcidol) did not significantly effect the pre and post systolic nor diastolic blood pressure (p&gt;0,05). Conclusion : The study did not found significant effect of 12 weeks Vitamin D (alphacalcidol) supplementation on blood pressure in elderly women patients.