post-Olympic Period Research Articles

Analysis of the activity of participation of gifted schoolchildren of the city of Kostroma and the Kostroma region in the all-russian school olympiad in the subjects of the humanitarian cycle

At the present stage of the development of the education system in our country, work with gifted schoolchildren is actively carried out in three areas: in general education organizations, in organizations of additional education and within the framework of the Olympiad and competition movement. The participation of gifted children in Olympiads and competitions allows them to express themselves, increase their competence in the field of science and activity of interest, creates conditions for the development of the abilities of a gifted student and stimulates his self-development. The All-Russian School Olympiad remains one of the most prestigious Olympiads for schoolchildren in Russia. Several million Russian schoolchildren take part in it every year (about 7 million in 2023/24 academic years). The regions of the Russian Federation organize work on the preparation and support of the participants of the School in different ways, which affects the activity of the participants. The article analyzes the participation of schoolchildren from Kostroma and the Kostroma region in the All-Russian School Olympiad in Humanities for five years. The results demonstrated the desire of Kostroma schoolchildren to participate in this Olympiad, however, they showed the need to strengthen the work on accompanying gifted schoolchildren in the process of preparation and participation in the Olympiad, as well as in the post-Olympic period. The results of the study were obtained on the basis of an analysis of documentation and statistical data provided by the State Budgetary Institution of the Kostroma region “Center for Gifted Schoolchildrenˮ.

What is this thing called “Post-Olympic Blues”? An Exploratory Study Among Danish Olympic Athletes

The post-Olympic period is a challenging and stressful period in which many athletes can experience a range of negative psychological reactions. This has led to the coining of the term ‘post-Olympic blues.’ The purpose of this study is to explore the post-Olympic mental health of Danish athletes with the specific aim to investigate the number of Danish athletes experiencing ‘post-Olympic blues’ after the Tokyo Olympics. Forty-nine Olympic athletes completed measures of well-being (Short-Warwick-Edinburg-Mental-Wellbeing-Scale), depression (Patient-Health-Questionnaire-9), and anxiety (Generalized-Anxiety-Disorders questionnaire) one month after the Olympics Games. The results indicated that 27% of athletes reported either below average well-being or moderate to severe depression scores, with 16% reported both below average well-being and moderate to severe depression scores. Female athletes reported significantly higher depression than male athletes, with no significant gender difference in well-being or anxiety. No significant age differences were found. No statistically significant results were found between athletes’ goal achievement and mental health, however, there was a tendency that athletes who failed to meet performance expectations reported more negative experiences post-Games. The current results are discussed with regards to developing a clear definition of post-Olympic blues, practical implications, and future research.

The Chaotic Behavior of the Spread of Infection during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Japan.

In December 2019, China reported a new virus identified as SARS-CoV-2, causing COVID-19, which soon spread to other countries and led to a global pandemic. Although many countries imposed strict actions to control the spread of the virus, the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in unprecedented economic and social consequences in 2020 and early 2021. To understand the dynamics of the spread of the virus, we evaluated its chaotic behavior in Japan. A 0–1 test was applied to the time-series data of daily COVID-19 cases from January 26, 2020 to August 5, 2021 (3 days before the end of the Tokyo Olympic Games). Additionally, the influence of hosting the Olympic Games in Tokyo was assessed in data including the post-Olympic period until October 8, 2021. Even with these extended time period data, although the time-series data for the daily infections across Japan were not found to be chaotic, more than 76.6% and 55.3% of the prefectures in Japan showed chaotic behavior in the pre- and post-Olympic Games periods, respectively. Notably, Tokyo and Kanagawa, the two most populous cities in Japan, did not show chaotic behavior in their time-series data of daily COVID-19 confirmed cases. Overall, the prefectures with the largest population centers showed non-chaotic behavior, whereas the prefectures with smaller populations showed chaotic behavior. This phenomenon was observed in both of the analyzed time periods (pre- and post-Olympic Games); therefore, more attention should be paid to prefectures with smaller populations, in which controlling and preventing the current pandemic is more difficult.

Beware of the blues: Wellbeing of coaches and support staff throughout the Olympic Games

Being involved in major sporting events, such as the Olympic Games, is a known stressor. A growing body of evidence has found the post-Olympic period to be a particularly difficult time for athletes, leading to depression-like symptoms. The impact of major sporting events on coaches’ and support staffs’ wellbeing is relatively unknown. The purpose of this study was to examine the experience of wellbeing for coaches and support staff post-Olympic Games. This included pre-Olympic Games and during-Olympic Games experiences that may contribute to post-Olympic challenges. Eight coaches and support staff who attended the Olympic Games completed semi-structured interviews and visual timelines to describe their wellbeing throughout the Olympic Games. Using interpretative phenomenological analysis, themes and timelines were generated that reflect the participants’ wellbeing experience. Participants described the Olympic experience as a “rollercoaster ride” of emotions, including feelings of excitement, exhaustion and low mood. The post-Olympic period was a time of particular difficulty. Suggestions to improve the wellbeing for individuals who attend the Olympic Games were identified.

Research on Numerical Statistics Analysis of Competitive Sports Based on the Scientific Development Concept

The paper uses data analysis m Scientific development concept, competitive sports, numerical analysis, Bio motricity to discuss the value orientation of China's competitive sports development in the post-Olympic period with the related theories of the scientific development concept. Putting forward the orientation of "humanities, economy, fitness and entertainment" is the three core value orientations for the development of competitive sports in my country in the future. The connotation of humanistic orientation is to pay attention to the cultural education, health and employment status of athletes; the connotation of economic orientation is to pay attention to the industrial attributes of competitive sports, to exert economic functions, and to strengthen commercial operation; the connotation of fitness and entertainment orientation is to guide national exercise and improve national health, Pleasant people's lives. At the same time, the paper uses the subjective scoring data of diving competition as an application example, and examines and discusses each method according to the combination of theoretical analysis and practical application.

Abandoned to manage the post-Olympic blues: Olympians reflect on their experiences and the need for a change

ABSTRACT The post-Olympic period is complex and distressing for many Olympic athletes; preparing for the likely impacts of the Olympic Games amongst returning athletes is fundamental in managing the negative responses articulated as the post-Olympic blues. Mindful of the need for the development of interventions that can support athletes, this study engaged Olympic athletes in: (a) discussing their experiences relating to the Olympic and post-Olympic periods and, (b) informing the researchers on Olympians’ opinions on the management of the post-Olympic blues. Fourteen Olympic athletes from the United Kingdom took part in focus groups which were analysed using Thematic Analysis. The analysis produced six mutually exclusive themes, The Olympic Dream, The Olympic Nightmare, Commodification, Perceptions of Social Support, Limited Preparation, and Managing and Overcoming. Through these themes the Olympians provided suggestions into how the content and potential facilitation of future interventions could better support athletes through their experiences. The findings were clear, Olympic athletes irrespective of whether they had previously competed in an Olympic Games expressed a desire for support in preparing for the post-Olympic experience. They expressed that this should be delivered primarily after the Olympic Games, with several athletes highlighting the value of an awareness raising session beforehand. Athletes proposed a shift away from expert sport psychology delivery of interventions in favour of a programme which was pragmatic in terms of content and delivered by former Olympians.

The Quadruple Helix as a Tool for Innovation in Tourism: A Study in the City of Rio de Janeiro in the Post-Olympic Period

ABSTRACT The premise of the quadruple helix is the interaction between academia, the private sector, public management, and civil society to benefit territorial innovation. This study aims to investigate the extent to which the components of the quadruple helix are used as an instrument of tourism innovation in a destination after a major sport event. To this end, a quantitative survey was conducted in Rio de Janeiro, with 248 representatives of these ecosystems, three years after hosting the Olympic Games. The results indicate that there is a significant gap between these actors in tourism innovation and towards the solution of local problems. It is intended not only to cover an empirical gap in tourism innovation research to but also to point out that it is urgent to stimulate stronger integration of innovation ecosystems, especially private sector, and civil society, in order to increase the competitiveness of tourism destinations.

The Impact of 2014 Olympic Games on Sochi Tourism Life Cycle

Sochi is a unique destination. The combination of the Caucasus and the Black Sea gives the opportunity to develop winter recreation in the mountains and summer activities in the coastal zone in parallel. Sochi evolved as a spa resort in the beginning of the 1900s and gained its specialization as a health resort for mass tourism in the 1930s. Consolidation and saturation stages took place in the 1970-80s on the rise of domestic tourism when Sochi turned into a year-round resort for seaside recreation. Sochi went through decline stage in the 1990s it but was able to recover when the city of Sochi had the honour to host the Olympic Games in 2014. Now Sochi combines diverse opportunities for tourism development, including events and business tourism. The Sochi Olympics were not just a sporting event. Huge funds spent on preparation for the Games, and the priority of the Russian Government, which was used by the city, were to serve two main purposes: on one hand, to give impulse to regional development, create a modern infrastructure and turn Sochi into a world-famous winter resort and, on the other hand, to present to the whole world a new image of Russia as an open, modern and attractive country. The games were intended to be a catalyst for the development of Sochi as a winter resort and, together with its reputation as a summer holiday destination, turn this area into a year-round tourist destination. The study focuses on the legacy of post-Olympic tourism in Sochi, its preservation, growth and effective work in relation to the life cycle of the tourist zone of Sochi. Historical perspective and field studies, statistical and content analysis supported by in-depth interviews of tourism subjects reveal the key tourism development problems and ways for their solution in the post-Olympic period. Further improvement of the year-round tourism product of Sochi requires additional efforts in marketing promotion, smoothing of seasonal fluctuations, organization of work of the operator company on management of Olympic facilities and expansion of new types of tourism activities.

Using the Sochi 2014 XXII Olympic and the XI Paralympic Winter Games objects in the postolympian period based on their transformation into a tourist product

This article focuses on the use of the heritage sites of the XXII Olympic Winter Games and the XI Paralympic Winter Games of 2014 in the city of Sochi in the post-Olympic period on the basis of its transformation into a tourist product. The paper presents the results of dividing tourists into age groups using the UNWTO classification, the results of the initial survey conducted among the clients of the BEST-Tour tourist company, the calculation of the Fisher angular transformation to determine the dependence of a destination choice on the desire to visit Olympic sites, the typologies of respondents using content analysis and their classification by the method of G. Ghana, on the basis of which tours were developed for two age groups of three and five days, involving a visit to Heritage sites of the XXII Olympic Winter Games and XI Paralympic Winter Games of 2014. The article reflects the results of the secondary survey of tourists who took part in the pilot tours, presents a table with the results of segmentation of the target audience using the “5W” methodology and the most convenient channels for the transmission of advertising information. which prove a regular increase in the sales trend of tours, dependent on previously studied and listed factors, which ultimately leads to an increase in the number of guaranteed visits Olympic heritage sites by tourists in the post-Olympic period.

Sochi region city planning for the post-Olympic period

Conceptual approaches to development of the region during the post-Olympic period are presented in the article. Conclusions that after the end of the Olympic Games, the region of their carrying out faces the recessive period are drawn. At the same time, tasks of finding new growth points and development of strategy of further development of the region based on improvement under the new conditions of the General plan come out on top in such conditions. The main directions of further social and economic development of the Sochi resort agglomeration are considered. It is shown that further development of economy and infrastructure of Sochi and creation of conditions for its accelerated development during the post-Olympic period are possible only on the basis of the strategized General plan of the city.

‘Post-Olympic blues’ –The diminution of celebrity in Olympic athletes

ObjectivesTo explore the concept of the ‘post-Olympic blues’ through examining the antecedents of the negative affect experienced following Olympic participation and to articulate whether the post-Olympic blues is a ‘normal’ short-term phenomenon or whether it is more serious and enduring. Design and methodFour female British athletes who competed in the 2016 Rio Olympic Games were interviewed and asked to draw timelines about their Olympic experiences on one or two occasions. The interviews and timelines were analyzed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. ResultsThe athletes' experiences of the Olympic and post-Olympic period were characterized by highs around the Olympic Games and lows following their return to the United Kingdom. There were distinct temporal periods that were pertinent in the consideration of the ‘post-Olympic blues’; The Olympic Experience, The Homecoming, and Moving Forwards. A fourth theme Celebrity involved integral and dynamic development over time. Celebrity comprised the development and the subsequent destruction of the athletes as celebrities. ConclusionThis study has articulated what post-Olympic blues means to those who have experienced it, identified the negative impact that the athletes’ celebritization had on their mental wellbeing, and suggested that the negative emotions and subsequent behaviors were interpreted to be a normal response to returning home following Olympic participation. It is hoped that this research will engage coaching teams to formulate what support should be offered for athletes prior to and after the Olympic Games to limit the wellbeing impact that the post-Olympic blues has on athletes.

An Observational Study Using English Syndromic Surveillance Data Collected During the 2012 London Olympics - What did Syndromic Surveillance Show and What Can We Learn for Future Mass-gathering Events?

The EDSSS and GPOOHS data for London and England from July 13 to August 26, 2012, and a similar period in 2013, were divided into three distinct time periods: pre-Olympic period (July 13-26, 2012); Olympic period (July 27 to August 12); and post-Olympic period (August 13-26, 2012). Time series of selected syndromic indicators in 2012 and 2013 were plotted, compared, and risk assessed by members of the Real-time Syndromic Surveillance Team (ReSST) in Public Health England (PHE). Student's t test was used to test any identified changes in pattern of attendance. Very few differences were found between years or between the weeks which preceded and followed the Olympics. One significant exception was noted: a statistically significant increase (P value = .0003) in attendances for "chemicals, poisons, and overdoses, including alcohol" and "acute alcohol intoxication" were observed in London EDs coinciding with the timing of the Olympic opening ceremony (9:00 pm July 27, 2012 to 01:00 am July 28, 2012). Syndromic surveillance was able to provide near to real-time monitoring and could identify hourly changes in patterns of presentation during the London 2012 Olympic Games. Reassurance can be provided to planners of future mass-gathering events that there was no discernible impact in overall attendances to sentinel EDs or GP OOH services in the host country. The increase in attendances for alcohol-related causes during the opening ceremony, however, may provide an opportunity for future public health interventions. Todkill D , Hughes HE , Elliot AJ , Morbey RA , Edeghere O , Harcourt S , Hughes T , Endericks T , McCloskey B , Catchpole M , Ibbotson S , Smith G . An observational study using English syndromic surveillance data collected during the 2012 London Olympics - what did syndromic surveillance show and what can we learn for future mass-gathering events? Prehosp Disaster Med. 2016;31(6):628-634.

Prospects of using therapeutic resources in Sochi during the post-Olympic period

Prospects of using therapeutic resources in Sochi during the post-Olympic period

Urinary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites as biomarkers of exposure to traffic-emitted pollutants

1-Nitro-pyrene has been considered a compound specific to diesel combustion emission, while 1- and 2-nitro-napthalene are mainly produced through photochemical conversion of naphthalene released to the atmosphere. Metabolites of these compounds may serve as biomarkers of exposure to traffic related pollutants. We collected urine samples from 111 healthy and non-smoking subjects within (i.e., during the Beijing Olympics) and outside (i.e., before and after the Olympics) a traffic control regime to improve Beijing's air quality. Urines were analyzed for the sum of 1&2-amino-naphthalene (metabolites of 1- and 2-nitro-naphthalene) and 1-amino-pyrene (a metabolite of 1-nitro-pyrene), using an HPLC-fluorescence method. Within the same time periods, PM2.5 mass and constituents were measured, including elemental carbon, sulfate, nitrate, PAHs, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, ozone, and particle number concentrations. The associations between the urinary metabolites and air pollutants were analyzed using linear mixed-effects models. From the pre- to during-Olympic period, 1&2-amino-naphthalene and 1-hydroxy-pyrene decreased by 23% (p=0.066) and 16% (p=0.049), respectively, while there was no change in 1-amino-pyrene (2% increase, p=0.892). From during- to post-Olympic period, 1&2-amino-naphthalene, 1-amino-pyrene and 1-hydroxy-pyrene concentrations increased by 26% (p=0.441), 37% (p=0.355), and 3% (p=0.868), respectively. Furthermore, 1&2-amino-naphthalene and 1-hydroxy-pyrene were associated with traffic related pollutants in a similar lag pattern. 1-amino-pyrene was associated more strongly with diesel combustion products (e.g. PN and elemental carbon) and not affected by season. Time-lag analyses indicate strongest/largest associations occurred 24–72h following exposure. 1&2-amino-naphthalene and 1-hydroxy-pyrene can be used as a biomarker of exposure to general vehicle-emitted pollutants. More data are needed to confirm 1-amino-pyrene as a biomarker of exposure to diesel combustion emissions. Controlling creatinine as an independent variable in the models will provide a moderate adjusting effect on the biomarker analysis.

A longitudinal study of the impact of the Sydney Olympics on real estate markets

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of the Sydney 2000 Olympic Games on the residential real estate markets of the host city during the bidding, pre-Olympic and post-Olympic periods.Design/methodology/approach– This study uses a difference-in-differences model to analyze the transaction prices for all properties in New South Wales, Australia for the period from 1980 to 2007.Findings– The paper finds that the impact on real estate markets varies across different suburbs in the host city and over time. The real estate markets of host suburbs experience substantially higher growth during the bidding and pre-Olympic periods but not during the post-Olympic period. However, the property prices in non-host suburbs in the host city increase at a higher rate during the pre- and post-Olympic periods but not during the bidding period.Originality/value– This study offers insights into the long-term impact of the Olympic Games on host suburbs and non-host suburbs in the host city during different periods by analyzing a large longitudinal data set over a period of 27 years.

Transport management measures in the post-Olympic Games period: supporting sustainable urban mobility for Beijing?

After decades of rapid economic growth, the municipality of Beijing is now facing serious urban transport challenges with rapid motorization and travel demand growth. Designing and implementing efficient and equitable urban transport policies are essential to achieve the sustainable urban mobility target of the city. The success of transport management around the 2008 Olympic Games has left policymakers with the confidence to develop various efficient policies for congestion mitigation. Following a resume of the characteristics of fast development, this paper investigates the transport management measures used following the Olympic Games. These are analyzed using an ASIF approach within the framework of urban transport sustainability. The policies examined include a priority to develop mass transit systems, small passenger car purchase policy, a staggered peak-hour plan, new charging policies for parking, and traffic restrictions based on license plate numbers. Proposals for enhancing the effectiveness of these policies and recommendations on future policy development are also presented.

Russian

This article provides an analysis of particular indicators of the social/economic development of the city of Sochi during the period of preparation for the 2014 Winter Olympics and Paralympics, as well as of major trends in its development during the post-Olympic period. Based on the experience of staging the Olympic Games in other countries, the effective use of Olympic legacy is one of the most complex objectives which it is not always so easy to resolve. All this points to the need for working out and implementing an effective city (municipal) target program for, at least, the mid-run, its target indicators expected to improve the effectiveness of employing the created Olympic infrastructure and boost the competitiveness of the city of Sochi as a tourist

Наследие Олимпиады 2014: развитие туристской инфраструктуры .

The article analyses the Olympic project inf uence on Sochi health resort modern tourist infrastructure formation and development. It is focused on the analysis of the processes, which took place in collective means of accommodation system on the dif erent stages of Olympic project implementation. In particular, the article contains the analysis of the data on collective means of accommodation number and structure changes, as long as hotel room capacity of the city at the time of Candidature File set up didn’t met the IOC requirements and conf ned Sochi’s development possibilities in its function as a mountain and ski resort.
 Examination of changes in local tourist infrastructure was carried out in order to
 estimate to what degree the goals proclaimed in Candidature File were implemented, including the task to assure conditions to convert Sochi resort to all-year-round world class resort and its further sustainable development. An improvement of accommodation system is considered as one of the most important conditions of tourist f ows’ growth and ef ective usage of material and nonmaterial Olympic Games 2014 Legacy.
 An important aspect of this research is the current situation analysis and identif cation of problems, which prevent ef ective usage of Sochi tourist infrastructure established in post-Olympic period. After examination of tourist industry internal and external factors that determine the tourist f ows capacity and dynamics we conclude that transport accessibility is the most important condition of tourist f ows stable growth.
 Materials presented in the article are the intermediate research results of the project “The analysis of sociopolitical, economic and ecological consequences of Olympic project implementation” which is being carried out within the frameworks of RAS Presidium fundamental research program №32.

Olympic Athletes’ Experiences of a Post Games Career Transition Program

Career pathways in high performance sport include a number of emotionally resonant transitions. Sport systems must be able to effectively support the athlete’s endeavors to negotiate such challenges. This study investigated qualitatively the experiences of Olympic athletes who took part in a three-tier, post-games career transition support program. The aim of the program was to increase athletes’ coping resources to successful negotiate the post-Olympic period. Ten athletes who participated in the program were recruited to participate in semi structured individual interviews. Directed content analysis was employed to identify key themes in the data. Athletes perceived two components of the program as particularly helpful, the normalization of the emotional and psychological challenge of the post Games period and the use of problem focused coping to redirect athlete focus to the future. The findings from this study provide a preliminary framework for the planning of future post-Games career transition support programs.

P3.341 Sex and the London Olympics 2012 Part 1. Impact on Community Sexual Health Service Provision in London

BackgroundPredicting the impact on services is essential for managing large public events.ObjectivesTo measure the impact of the 2012 Olympics on service use in LondonMethodsData were gathered from London sexual health...