Postmenstrual Period Research Articles

Cross sectional analysis of muscular strength and flexibility during the menstrual cycle in women engaged in strength training

Hormonal variations during the menstrual cycle (MC) impact muscular strength and flexibility in women practicing strength training, potentially leading to performance reductions and increased injury susceptibility. Understanding these variations across MC phases is crucial for precise training program guidance. This cross-sectional, exploratory study assessed muscular strength and flexibility levels during the MC in 20 women (aged 20-35) engaged in strength training for at least 6 months. The Sit and Reach Test (SRT) measured flexibility, and the 1-Maximum Repetition Test (1RM) leg extension evaluated muscular strength during menstrual, post-menstrual, and pre-menstrual phases. While the post-menstrual period showed the highest strength values (50.65 ± 17.70 kg), no significant differences were observed compared to other phases. However, flexibility was significantly higher in the post-menstrual period (29.43 ± 8.69 cm) compared to menstrual (p=0.002) and pre-menstrual phases (p=0.001). Statistically, no significant differences were found in strength performance. Nevertheless, flexibility appeared influenced by MC phases, with superior outcomes in the post-menstrual period. This research enhances our understanding of how MC phases may impact strength and flexibility in women engaged in strength training, providing valuable insights for tailoring training programs to individual needs. Keywords: Hormonal fluctuations, Women's fitness, Exercise performance, Strength Training, Flexibility.

Pain Perception to Orthodontic Tooth Movement during Menstrual Cycle: A Clinical Study

Pain during orthodontic treatment is inevitable side effect. Therefore, it is the responsibility of the orthodontist to alleviate this pain as possible. Menstrual cycle is often a painful event to female. Female is the most of orthodontic patient. Hence, study the pain perception of female to orthodontic treatment during menstrual cycle is essential. Aim: the aim of the present study is to asses, if there is change in pain perception to orthodontic tooth movement during menstrual cycle. Seventeen healthy female with regular menstrual cycle intended to receive orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances were participated in the study. Elastomeric separators were placed mesial and distal to maxillary and mandibular first molars during the menstrual and postmenstrual period respectively. Visual analog scale (VAS) was used to assess pain perception at 4 hours, 24 hours, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th days after the separators were placed. Data of VAS scores were statistically analyzed. There were statistically significant increase in the pain perception level after the insertion of separators during menstrual cycle period and decrease during postmenstrual period. During menstrual cycle, female experienced higher pain perception to orthodontic tooth movement. Hence, it is better to postpone orthodontic visits for female patients to postmenstrual period.

An Extraordinary Location of Sentinel Lymph Nodes in a Patient with Endometrial Cancer

To show dissection of sentinel lymph nodes. A step-by-step demonstration of the technique with narration. Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most common gynecologic malignancy worldwide. Sentinel lymph node biopsy with indocyanine green (ICG) has become more widely used and has been featured in recently published guidelines for EC [1]. Minimally invasive approaches with the sentinel lymph node concept (conventional laparoscopy, laparoscopic-assisted vaginal surgeries or robotic) to EC staging have resulted in lower rates of peri- and postoperative complications than conventional staging procedures [2]. No video article has been published in the literature about high pelvic, para-aortic sentinel lymph node dissection. An informed consent form was obtained from the patient. An institutional review board approval was not required. A 45-year-old female with gravidity 0, parity 0, and body mass index of 23.4 kg/m2 presented with complaints of abnormal uterine bleeding (spotting). Increased endometrial thickness was detected on transvaginal ultrasound (10 mm) in the postmenstrual period. Endometrioid-type endometrial adenocancer with focal squamous differentiation International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics grade I was detected on endometrial biopsy. The patient had hepatitis B virus positivity and no other chronic disease. A laparotomic myomectomy had been performed in 2016. Laparoscopic high pelvic, low para-aortic sentinel lymph node dissection with ICG and hysterectomy (without uterine manipulator)+bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy were performed (Supplemental Video 1). The operation time for the procedure was 110 minutes and the estimated blood loss was <20 mL. No major complications occurred during or after the surgery. The patient stayed in the hospital for 1 day. The final pathology result showed an International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics grade I, endometrioid-type endometrial adenocancer with focal squamous differentiation, as a 1.5×1 cm tumorous mass invading less than one-half of the myometrium. Neither lymphovascular invasion nor sentinel lymph node metastasis was detected. A multicenter, prospective study showed that sentinel lymph node dissection with ICG in clinical stage 1 EC is feasible and has a high degree of diagnostic accuracy in detecting EC metastases. In that study, isolated para-aortic sentinel lymph node was detected in 3 of 340 patients (<1%) [2]. Another study reported the detection rate of isolated para-aortic sentinel lymph node to be 1.1% in patients with intermediate- and high-risk EC [3]. There are in some cases 2 distinct channels emanating from one side, and it is important to follow each and to acknowledge there may be more than one sentinel, one of which is lower in a typical location and one higher as in this case. This video article is the first video demonstration of bilateral isolated high pelvic, para-aortic sentinel lymph node dissection in EC.

Evaluation of Uterine Cavity Abnormality using Saline Infusion Sonohysterography Before In Vitro Fertilization

BACKGROUND: Some studies suggested that saline infusion sonohysterography (SIS) has been used to detect uterine cavity abnormalities before in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles to improve treatment success rates and decrease the number of cycle cancellations and embryo implantation failures. Some of the factors contributing to the dissemination and acceptance of the technique include the fact that it is a simple, less painful, less expensive, less invasive, and well-tolerated procedure when compared to hysteroscopy. AIM: The aim of the study is to evaluate uterine cavity abnormality with SIS performed before IVF. METHODS: A descriptive retrospective study involving 551 female partners who had SIS before IVF/ICSI treatment at private Halim Fertility Center from January 2014 until December 2017. Five hundred and fifty-one infertile woman was included in this study before IVF/ICSI cycles. Patients agreed to have an ultrasound assessment of the uterine cavity with the use of saline as the contrast medium. SIS procedure was scheduled postmenstrual period in the early-mid follicular phase and 1-3 months before starting IVF/ICSI treatment. RESULTS: From 551 patients, we found 527 (94.4%) cases with the normal uterine cavity. The uterine cavity abnormalities were detected in 5.56% of cases included in this study (28 (5.02%) cases with endometrial polyps, two (0.36%) cases with intrauterine adhesions, and one (0.18%) case with Müllerian duct anomalies). CONCLUSION: SIS before IVF treatment could be a good option for evaluating uterus cavity before IVF to improve success rates of pregnancy.

Acupuncture-moxibustion treatment by stages based on the theory of "transformation of yin and yang" for premature ovarian insufficiency

To compare the efficacy between acupuncture-moxibustion treatment by stages and femoston for premature ovarian insufficiency (POI). A total of 66 patients with POI were randomly divided into an observation group (33 cases, 3 cases dropped off) and a control group (33 cases, 2 cases dropped off). The patients in the observation group, based on the theory of "transformation of yin and yang", were treated with acupuncture-moxibustion by stages in the postmenstrual period, ovulatory period, premenstrual period and menstrual period, once every other day, 3 times a week. The patients in the control group were treated with oral administration of femoston (estradiol tablets/estradiol and dydrogesterone tablets, 1 tablet per day). Both groups were treated for 3 menstrual cycles. The ovarian function (serum follicle-stimulating hormone [FSH], luteinizing hormone [LH], estradiol [E2], anti-mullerian hormone [AMH] and antral follicle count [AFC]) and perimenopausal symptoms [modified Kupperman index (KI) scale score] were observed before and after treatment, and the menstrual improvement of the two groups was compared. Compared before treatment, the serum levels of FSH and LH were decreased (P<0.01), the levels of E2 were increased (P<0.01) in the two groups after treatment; the serum level of AMH and AFC in the observation group were increased after treatment (P<0.01). After treatment, the serum level of AMH and AFC in the observation group were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). After treatment, there was no significant difference in the menstrual return rate and menstrual regularity rate between the amenorrhea patients of the two groups (P>0.05). After treatment, the modified KI scale scores in the two groups were reduced (P<0.01), and the modified KI scale score in the observation group was lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). Acupuncture- moxibustion treatment by stages based on the theory of "transformation of yin and yang" has similar efficacy with femoston in improving serum sex hormone level and menstrual symptoms in patients with POI, and has advantages in improving serum AMH level, AFC and perimenopausal symptoms.

Menstrual cycle and use of different doses of oral contraceptive do not affect torque parameters in strength training programs

The aim of this study was twofold: (a) to verify the effects of different periods of Menstrual Cycle (MC) (menstrual and non-menstrual) of women who use (users) or did not use (non-users) oral contraceptive (OC); (b) to compare the influence of the use of different doses of OCs at these MC moments. Two groups, women who did not use OC (NCG = 13) and women who use OC (CG = 13). The participants were assessed on the 1st or 2nd day of their menstrual period and the 14th or 15th day post-menstrual period. The Peak Torque (PT) and work (W) variables were evaluated at all MC moments. To compare the estrogen dosage, CG was subdivided into two subgroups, (ULCG = 6) that used ultra-low doses of estrogen and a group (LCG = 7) that used low. No interaction (group x period) was observed for PTisometric (F=0.170, p=0.687), PTconcentric (F=0.495, p=0.495) and PTeccentric (F=0.348, p=0.566), Wconcentric (F=0.001, p=0.971) and Weccentric (F=0.075, p=0.790). In addition, no significant interactions (dose x period) were observed in the torque parameters between women who used OC at different estrogen dosages (PTisometric: F=0.803, p=0.411; PTconcentric: F=0.548, p=0.492; PTeccentric: F=0.239, p=0.645; Wconcentric: F=0.030, p=0.869, Weccentric: F=0.027, p=0.876). In conclusion, using or not using OC seems to have no effect on torque parameters at the different moments of MC. Furthermore, the different doses of the OCs did not seem to promote effects on torque and work during MC.

The effect of bilateral uterine artery ligation versus intermittent clamping of uterine and ovarian artery on blood loss during abdominal myomectomy : A randomized controlled trial

Background: Myomectomies are more commonly performed than hysterectomies, mainly due to the fact that patients desire to retain their uterus for psychological, reproductive and cultural reasons even after completing their families. The average volume of blood loss during abdominal myomectomy is 200 to 800 mL. Surgical hemorrhage may result in anemia, hypovolemia, and coagulation abnormalities.Aim: To compare between bilateral uterine artery ligation and intermittent clamping of uterine and ovarian artery on amount of blood loss during abdominal myomectomy.Patients and Methods: This study was conducted at Ain-Shams University Maternity Hospital on 90 women with symptomatic myomas in the postmenstrual period presented by abnormal uterine bleeding, dull aching lower abdominal pain, dyspareunia, pressure symptoms, progressive abdominal enlargement or pelvic heaviness, diagnosed based on clinical examination and ultrasound scan with pre-operative hemoglobin level above 10gm/dl.Results: The preoperative Hb was 11.6 gm % and 11.8gm% for both clamping and ligation one respectively, and post-operative Hb for the groups was 9.4 gm% and 9.2 gm% for the 2 groups respectively. There was no significant difference between both groups regarding postoperative drop of hemoglobin which was 0.8 gm % in the clamping group and 1.1 gm% in the ligation group. Estimated inraoperative blood loss start was significantly fewer among clamping group than among ligation group. Hemoglobin reduction was significantly fewer among clamping group than among ligation group.Conclusion: Based on the results obtained by this study, intermittent clamping of uterine and ovarian artery is a preferred approach than bilateral uterine artery ligation on blood loss during abdominal myomectomy.

Role of pre IVF hysteroscopy in women with unexplained infertility for detecting unsuspected intrauterine lesions and effect on pregnancy outcome

Objective: The relevance of routine hysteroscopy before IVF is debatable and there is no consensus on the effectiveness of routine pre IVF hysteroscopy in improving pregnancy outcome. The purpose of this study is to assess the role of pre IVF hysteroscopy in women with unexplained infertility in detecting unsuspected intrauterine lesions and its effect on pregnancy outcome. Materials and Methods: This was retrospective observational study conducted at Medicover Fertility Center, New Delhi, India. In the study group (n = 60), women with unexplained infertility of more than three years with normal transvaginal ultrasonography were included, where hysteroscopy was done in post-menstrual period, 1–2 months before starting IVF treatment. In the control group (n = 60), pre IVF hysteroscopy was not done. Results: The study and control group did not differ for age, body mass index, duration and type of infertility. There was a high prevalence (31.6%) of unsuspected intrauterine abnormalities in women with unexplained infertility with normal transvaginal ultrasound findings. The clinical pregnancy rate was 48.3% (29/60) in study group and 36.7% (22/60) in control group. The clinical pregnancy rate (CPR) was observationally higher in women with pre IVF hysteroscopy, but the difference was not statistically significant (P value = 0.193). Conclusion: There was high prevalence rate of unsuspected intrauterine lesions in women with unexplained infertility. Clinical pregnancy rates were not significantly higher in patients who underwent pre IVF hysteroscopy. Further larger studies and randomized controlled trials are needed to verify the positive outcome of use of hysteroscopy prior to IVF.

Comparison of perceived stress and cardiovascular reactivity during different phases of menstrual cycle

Background: Premenstrual syndrome is associated with many physical, psychological, and behavioral changes. Premenstrual symptoms have been associated with perceived stress and perceived stress is the strongest predictor of premenstrual syndrome. Aim and Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the premenstrual stress and cardiovascular reactivity during different phases of menstrual cycle in the age group of 18–22 years. Materials and Methods: In this study, 60 healthy female volunteers of the age group of 18–22 years selected. The resting blood pressure (BP) and perceived stress with the help of Cohen’s perceived stress scale were recorded. The cardiovascular reactivity during different phases of menstrual cycle was recorded with the help of cold pressor test and postural challenge test. Results: The study revealed that significant increase was observed in perceived stress, pulse rate, and resting BP, during premenstrual period as compared to postmenstrual period. BP also showed significant increase during cold pressor tests and postural challenge test during premenstrual period as compared to postmenstrual period. Conclusions: According to this study, perceived stress and cardiovascular reactivity are highest during premenstrual phase as compared to postmenstrual phase. It may be due to the increased level of progesterone and estrogen in premenstrual phase. It is not clear how stress may contribute to increased premenstrual symptom severity, although stress-induced changes in ovarian hormone levels and neurotransmitters may be involved. This correlates to the symptoms of premenstrual syndrome which has hormonal and neural basis.

Gingival Inflammation in 2 Phases of Menstrual Cycle and its Relation to Oral Hygiene of Female Dentistry Students

Aims and Objectives: Hormonal changes in women that occur in the menstrual cycle is one of the systemic factors that causes gingivitis, namely the menstruation gingivitis. Women with this condition will experience the same signs and symptoms as gingivitis in general. This study observed the description of the occurrence of gingivitis as well as its correlation to the level of dental and oral hygiene at female dental students, in which they have knowledge about how to keep dental and oral hygiene properly. The purpose of this study was to determine the profile of the occurrence of gingivitis as well as its correlation to the level of oral hygiene in female students of dentistry program. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive analytic study with 318 samples, which were divided into three groups according to the menstrual cycle. Gingivitis examination was performed with the gingival index and oral hygiene examination with Oral Hygiene Index-Simplified. The statistical analysis was carried out for this study using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), version 17 software. Results: In the premenstrual period group, 94.3% had good oral hygiene and 24.5% had gingivitis. In the menstrual period group, 88.7% had good oral hygiene and 4.7% experienced gingivitis. In the postmenstrual period group, 88.7% had good oral hygiene and 100% of the samples had normal gingiva without inflammation. Conclusion: Menstruation gingivitis occurs higher in the premenstrual period (proliferative phase) although with good oral hygiene conditions.

ОРГАНІЗАЦІЯ ТА ЕФЕКТИВНІСТЬ ТАНЦЮВАЛЬНО-ОЗДОРОВЧИХ ЗАНЯТЬ ЗІ СТУДЕНТКАМИ В СПОРТИВНОМУ НАВЧАЛЬНОМУ ВІДДІЛЕННІ

Introduction. The literature data prove the necessity to reorganize the physical education (PE) of female students. This can be expressed, on the one hand, in taking into consideration the menstrual cycle (MC) phases when distributing and orienting physical loads, and on the other hand, in searching for methodological approaches, aimed at improving the body functional state. Incorrect structure of the PE process can negatively affect the functional state of young female athletes and the preservation of their health. Purpose. To study the influence of specially formed dancing health-improving classes on the functional state of female students’ bodies (taking into account the phases of MC) and to evaluate their effectiveness. Methods. 26 female students of the sporting training department were under supervision: two groups of 13 persons – the main group and the control one. They were examined at the beginning and at the end of the academic year. Two exercises were performed. Each lasted for 3 minutes, with a three-minute break. The intensity of the first exercise was selected so that the heart rate did not exceed 120-125 beats per minute, and 140-145 beats per minute for the second one. Besides, pulse and arterial blood pressure were measured in the initial condition before the start of the test, as well as after its completion. On the base of these measurements, the systolic blood volume was calculated according to Starr’s formula. The maximum oxygen consumption (MOC) was calculated according to Karpman’s formula. The mental working capacity was determined by means of the Landolt Ring test. The mathematical processing of the obtained data was carried out. Results. The background indicators of heart rate in two groups both at the beginning and at the end of the academic year were within the limits of physiologically normal conditions, the differences in the heart rate indicators of the groups were unreliable. The similar measurements were done after the female students had performed the two stages of exercises. They showed that in the main group the cardiovascular system indicators at the end of the academic year were more favorable. Against the background of a higher PWC170 indicator, they had not so high indicators of systolic and minute volumes of blood, as the control group students had. This proved a more economical functioning of the circulatory system in the process of physical activity. If the MOC at the beginning of the academic year was almost identical and was about 2.3 l/min for both groups, at the end of the second semester, the students of the main group significantly increased MOC, while in the control group it only slightly increased. At the end of the academic year, we recorded a close relationship between the PWC170 and the speed of information processing (r = 0.97) in the postmenstrual period. At the same time, a high correlation with the percentage of correct decisions was kept. In the period of ovulation, the relationship of the PWC170 with the time of test solution and the analysis of one sign remained the same as in the first survey. During the post-ovulatory phase, the dependence between the PWC170 and the speed of information processing increased. During the premenstrual and menstrual phases the stable relationship between the indicators of mental and physical capacity was not found. Conclusion. It has been established that under the influence of annual dancing health-improving classes the female students improved the state of the cardiorespiratory system, increasing the efficiency of its functioning in the course of physical work, which ensured an improved physical efficiency, an increase of work capacity and, most importantly, a significant increase of the maximum oxygen consumption.

Importancia del método del ritmo

La importancia que el método del Ritmo tiene para nosotros se debe a que es el único método anticonceptivo que la Iglesia Católica permite usar para planear la familia. En marzo de 1964, el actual Papa Paulo VI prometió que la Iglesia examinará de nuevo a fondo la regulación de los nacimientos. Los estudios de la efectividad teórica del método del Ritmo con un modelo estadístico señalan que el riesgo de concepción por ciclo menstrual disminuye proporcionalmente al aumento del número de días de abstinencia sexual y que aumenta proporcionalmente a la contribución de la fase preovulatoria a la variación de los ciclos menstruales. Por eso, como la fórmula de Ogino requiere tres días más de abstinencia, pues señala un período de fertilidad de 8 días, ofrece teóricamente una protección mayor calculada en 90% durante 5 a 10 años. Las probabilidades matemáticas para espaciar los nacimientos a 18 meses (el caso probable de quienes usan el método del Ritmo) requiere un factor de seguridad de 93 %, que sólo se obtiene limitando el número de coitos a 3 o 4 por mes, lo cual no es la realidad en los matrimonios jóvenes. Es por eso, que con el uso del método del Ritmo tenemos tasas elevadas de fracasos, por ejemplo 14.5 (Rock) por 100 años de duración. Esos valores se han bajado a 8.3 (Lanctot) utilizando la fórmula C-19 para señalar el último día del período de seguridad relativa en la época post menstrual, y con el uso de la gráfica térmica para determinar la iniciación del período de seguridad absoluta que se inicia al cuarto día de elevación de la temperatura basal.

Changes in the elasticity of fibroadenoma during the menstrual cycle determined by real-time sonoelastography

ObjectiveShear-wave elastography (SWE) presents quantitative data that thought to represent intrinsic features of the target tissue. Factors affecting the metabolism of the breast parenchyma as well as age, menstrual cycle, hormone levels, pregnancy and lactation, pre-compression artifact during the examination could affect these elastic intrinsic features. Aim of our study is to determine variation of fibroadenoma elasticity during the menstrual cycle (MC) by means of real-time shear-wave elastography (SWE) and identify the optimal time for SWE evaluation. MethodsThirty volunteers (aged 20–40 years) who had biopsy-proven fibroadenoma greater than 1cm in diameter, with regular menstrual cycle and without contraceptive medication underwent SWE (ShearWave on Aixplorer, France) once weekly during MC. Statistical data were processed by using the software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 19.0. A repeated measures analysis of variance was used for each lesion where the repeated factor was the elastographic measurements (premenstrual, menstrual and postmenstrual). Pillai's trace test was used. Pairwise correlation was calculated using Bonferroni correction. Values of p<0.05 were considered statistically significant. ResultsThe mean elasticity value of fibroadenomas in mid-cycle was 28.49±12.92kPa, with the highest value obtained in the third week corresponding to the premenstrual stage (32.98±13.35kPa) and the lowest value obtained in the first week corresponding to the postmenstrual stage (25.39±10.21kPa). Differences between the elasticity values of fibroadenomas in premenstrual and postmenstrual periods were statistically significant (p<0.001). There were no significant differences in lesion size between the different phases of the menstrual cycle (p>0.05). ConclusionIn this study, we found that there is significant difference between the elasticity values of fibroadenomas on premenstrual and postmenstrual period. We propose that one week after menstruation would be appropriate time to perform breast SWE.

Pain Perception and Anxiety Levels during Menstrual Cycle Associated with Periodontal Therapy.

Objectives. To compare the pain perception and anxiety levels of female patients undergoing scaling and root planing during menstrual (perimenstrual) period with those observed during postmenstrual period. Materials and Methods. This was a single blind study, with a split-mouth design. Forty-four women with chronic periodontitis with regular menstrual cycles were subjected to complete Corah's Dental Anxiety Scale (DAS) during their first debridement visit. Patients were randomly selected to undergo their first debridement visit during either their menstrual or postmenstrual period. Scaling was performed under local anesthesia in bilateral quadrants of patients during the periods. Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) was used to score pain levels for each quadrant after performing scaling and root planing. Results. Increase in pain perception among females during their menstrual or perimenstrual period was significantly greater than their postmenstrual period (P < 0.05). It is observed that women whose first appointment was given in perimenstrual period had more pain (VAS) (P = 0.0000) when compared to those women whose first appointment was given in postmenstrual period. Conclusion. Females in their menstrual period demonstrated higher pain responses and high anxiety levels to supra- and subgingival debridement. This increase in the pain levels of women during their menstrual period was statistically significant. If the appointments are given in postmenstrual period, women feel less pain.

Relação entre o nível de atividade física e a incidência da síndrome pré-menstrual

To determine the relationship between the level of physical activity and the incidence of premenstrual syndrome. A cross-sectional design was conducted on 71 apparently healthy university students (24.4±4.8 yrs; 61.5±8.7 kg; 1.63±0.06 m). The level of physical activity was determined with a questionnaire and the presence of premenstrual syndrome was verified based on daily symptoms self-reported in a diary during two consecutive menstrual cycles. 17 premenstrual symptoms are considered in the diary, which should be scored on a 5-point scale (0-4) according to their occurrence, so that a score can be calculated in each cycle. The occurrence of premenstrual syndrome was considered if three or more symptoms were reported up to six days before menstruation (premenstrual period) and were absent up to six days after menstruation (postmenstrual period). The Spearman correlation coefficient showed a significant and negative relationship between the level of physical activity and premenstrual syndrome score (r=-0.506; 95%CI -0.335 to -0.678; p<0.001). When the participants were divided into a group with a positive diagnosis of premenstrual syndrome (n=31) and a healthy group (n=40), the Mann-Whitney test showed higher habitual physical activity in the healthy group than in the premenstrual syndrome group (7.96±1.17 and 6.63±1.20, respectively) (p<0.001). There is a negative relationship between the level of physical activity and the incidence of premenstrual syndrome, with women with a positive diagnosis of premenstrual syndrome having a lower level of physical activity than healthy women.

Características da fonetografia em mulheres com equilíbrio dentofacial

OBJETIVO: Caracterizar o perfil da extensão vocal de mulheres com equilíbrio dentofacial, por meio da fonetografia. MÉTODOS: Fizeram parte desse estudo 22 estudantes do gênero feminino, com idades entre 18 e 29 anos (x = 20±2 anos), falantes do Português Brasileiro, sem alteração ou treino vocal, que apresentaram tipo de face padrão I e harmonia dento-oclusal. Foi aplicado um formulário específico de auto-resposta e também foi realizada avaliação antropométrica da face, avaliação dento-oclusal, exame da fonetografia e análise acústica da frequência fundamental habitual da voz das participantes, realizados no período pós-menstrual. RESULTADOS: Os valores encontrados para os diferentes parâmetros analisados foram: frequência fundamental mínima: x= 167,32±22,27 Hz ou x= 40,09±2,37 st, frequência fundamental máxima: x= 908,45±210,93 Hz ou x= 69,09±4,13 st, extensão vocal: x= 29,00±3,85 st, intensidade mínima: x= 69,32±4,07 dB, intensidade máxima: x= 113,14±6,10 dB, extensão dinâmica máxima: x= 3,91±5,71 dB, área do fonetograma: x=709,50±182,92 dB.st ou x=31,93±8,23 cm², frequência fundamental habitual da vogal "a": x= 211,00±22,55 Hz. CONCLUSÃO: No presente estudo foram obtidas as intensidades mínimas e máximas para as distintas frequências alcançadas pelas participantes, bem como a frequência fundamental habitual, estabelecendo os valores de referência quanto ao perfil da extensão vocal de mulheres brasileiras sem alterações vocais e com equilíbrio dentofacial.

Colonoscopic Diagnosis of Polypoid Endometriosis in the Sigmoid Colon

Purpose: Gastrointestinal (GI) tract is the most common site for extra pelvic endometriosis. Endometriotic deposits are rarely mucosal and even if present, endoscopic biopsies are usually non-diagnostic due to secondary mucosal changes. Methods: 30-year-old female with c-section 9 years ago complained of abdominal cramps, bloating, constipation and rectal bleeding during menstruation for 3 years with recently increasing severity. She was diagnozed with pelvic endometriosis and had partial relief despite multiple medical treatments. Her physical exam is unremarkable except for moderate tenderness to palpation in left lower quadrant. Results: She had normocytic anemia with hemoglobin of 9.8 gm/dl and all other labs were unremarkable. CT of the abdomen revealed thickening of the sigmoid colon and mildly distended proximal colon. Colonoscopy immediately after menstruation revealed an almost completely obstructing polypoid sigmoid mass and adherent blood clots. Mucosal biopsies revealed endometrial glands which confirmed the diagnosis. Sigmoid resection, total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oopherectomy were subsequently performed. Conclusion: Endometriosis occurs in about 10% of all women and colorectal endometriosis (CRE) accounts for 5-12% of all cases. Rectum and sigmoid colon are the most common GI sites with a combined estimate of 70-90%. Although numerous case reports of CRE exists, mucosal involvement is rare and endoscopic diagnosis usually has low yield even in cases with visible lesions. Mucosal changes can mimic IBD or even neoplasm. Our case adds to the growing body of polypoid endometriosis which was confirmed on endoscopic biopsies. Future studies are needed to elucidate if the diagnostic yield is increased by biopsying in the immediate post menstrual period as in our case, when the endometrial glands are more superficial.Figure: Colonoscopic view.Figure: Endometrial glands.

A new radiological approach to cyclic mastalgia: Venous doppler ultrasound

Objective To evaluate the role of the venous system in cyclical mastalgia. Materials and methods 25 healthy women and 39 women with cyclic mastalgia underwent venous Doppler examination in both pre- and postmenstrual period. Upper-outer quadrant veins of breast were evaluated. The impedance indices of both groups were compared in both the premenstrual and postmenstrual period. Results During the premenstrual period, venous impedance indices were significantly higher in the patients with cyclic mastalgia ( p = 0.004) than in the control group. After the menstrual period, there was no difference in venous impedance indices between the groups. Conclusion Excessive tissue oedema might be responsible for both a tension-mediated pain and a compression of the venous system thereby showing higher impedance than that in control group.

Effect of the menstrual cycle on pain experience associated with periodontal therapy

The aim of this pilot cross-over study was to compare preliminarily the pain perception of female patients undergoing periodontal debridement during menstrual or pre-menstrual phases (peri-menstrual period) with that observed during mid-menstrual phase (post-menstrual period). Twenty women with moderate-to-advanced chronic periodontitis and regular menstrual cycles were asked to complete Corah's Dental Anxiety Scale (DAS) during the first debridement visit. Patients were randomly assigned to receive their first debridement visit during either their peri-menstrual or post-menstrual period. Debridement was performed in bilateral quadrants of patients during the periods. Pain levels for each quadrant were assessed with a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), after each debridement visit. There was no significant correlation of order of treatment in the intensity of perceived pain during the periods (p<0.05). The median VAS scores were 22.0 and 15.2 mm in the peri-menstrual and the post-menstrual period, respectively. Increase in pain perception among females during their peri-menstrual period was significantly greater than their post-menstrual period (p<0.05). No clinical conclusions can be drawn at this stage as this pilot study did not have a sufficiently broad population to generalize these observations to all female periodontal patients. Providing clinicians with information about patients' menstrual cycle during debridement can alter the pain experience.

Body composition in different periods of the menstrual cycle and the validity of the anthropometric and bioelectric impedance techniques

O propósito deste estudo foi verificar se ocorrem mudanças significativas na estimativa da composição corporal (CC) através das técnicas da pesagem hidrostática (PH), antropometria e impedância bioelétrica (IB), entre os períodos pré (PPREM) e pós-menstrual (PPOSM), bem como analisar com que acuracidade a antropometria e a IB estimam a gordura relativa (G%). Foram mensuradas 30 mulheres universitárias com idade = 24,57 ± 3,46 anos; estatura = 162,07 ± 5,89 cm; densidade (PH) = 1,0542 ± 0,0106 g/ml. Destas, 10 foram medidas nos períodos pré-menstrual (até sete dias antes de ocorrer a menstruação) e pós-menstrual (entre o segundo e até o oitavo dia após cessada a menstruação). As outras 20 mulheres foram medidas uma vez. A estimativa da CC através da técnica antropométrica foi feita conforme o procedimento desenvolvido por Cohen (1986), que usa cinco perímetros corporais. O aparelho Valhalla 1990B foi usado para estimar a CC através da IB. Os valores decorrentes da PH foram adotados como critério para validação. A análise estatística foi feita através do teste t pareado e coeficiente de correlação de Pearson, entre as variáveis nos PPREM e PPOSM. Para verificar a acuracidade das técnicas antropométrica e da IB, foram seguidos os passos sugeridos por Lohman (1992). Os valores médios para a G% no PPREM foram de 19,12 ± 6,02%, 19,61 ± 4,22%, 21,11 ± 3,45%; e, no PPOSM 19,15 ± 5,84%, 19,80 ± 3,94%, 20,84 ± 3,08%, respectivamente obtidos por IB, PH e antropometria. A CC estimada pelas três técnicas não diferiu entre os períodos menstruais. O procedimento de Cohen estimou com boa acuracidade a G%, com um erro padrão de estimativa (EPE) de 3,47%, enquanto a IB estimou com um EPE de 5,23%