Postexercise Energy Expenditure Research Articles

Acute Effects of a Thermogenic Nutritional Supplement on Energy Expenditure and Cardiovascular Function at Rest, During Low-Intensity Exercise, and Recovery from Exercise

The purpose of present study was to examine the acute effects of a thermogenic nutritional supplement on energy expenditure (EE) and cardiovascular function at rest, during low-intensity exercise, and recovery from exercise. Twenty-eight healthy sedentary participants (mean +/- SD; age, 22.3 +/- 1.9 years; body mass index, 24.0 +/- 3.7) volunteered for this randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, crossover study. Each experimental trial was divided into 4 phases: (a) 30 minutes of initial resting, followed by the placebo or thermogenic nutritional supplementation, (b) 50 minutes of postsupplementation resting, (c) 60 minutes of treadmill walking (3.2-4.8 km x h), and (d) 50 minutes of postexercise recovery. Gas exchange variables measured by indirect calorimetry and heart rate (HR) were recorded during all 4 phases, blood pressure was only measured at rest, and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) was only recorded during exercise. EE and oxygen consumption rate (Vo2) were greater for the supplement than the placebo at 50 minutes after supplementation. Also, during the postsupplementation period, diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was higher at all time periods, whereas the respiratory exchange ratio (RER) was higher at 20 and 30 minutes for the supplement. During exercise, only Vo2 and minute ventilation (VE) were greater for the supplement than the placebo, with HR being less than the placebo at 20 minutes for the men. Postexercise EE, Vo2, systolic blood pressure (SBP), DBP, and HR (men only) at 10, 20, 30, and 50 minutes were greater for the supplement than the placebo. These findings indicated that the thermogenic nutritional supplement increased resting EE and exercise Vo2 with only minimal effects on blood pressure and HR and no meaningful effects on RER or RPE. These results suggested that the combination of thermogenic ingredients in this nutritional supplement may be useful to help maintain a negative caloric balance but may not influence substrate use or perceived exertion.

운동 강도의 차이가 제2형 당뇨병 환자와 비만인의 초과산소 섭취량, 안정 시 대사량 및 생화학적 변인에 미치는 영향

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of various exercise intensity on Excess post exercise energy expenditure (EPEE), Resting Metabolic Rate (RMR),thyroid hormonal changes and biochemical variables in obese and NIDDM patients. The subject of the present study were divided into four groups and four periods: trained (T; n=10), control (C; n=10), obese (O; n=10) and NIDDM (N; n=10) group. And the periods were divided as follows; Resting (RE), Maximal (MA), High intensity (HI), and Low intensity (LI). There was significant difference in RMR among different intensity of exercise. in the T (p<0.05) not in the C, O, and N groups. however, there was no significant different percent body fat among all groups. In the energy expenditure, there was significant different among C, O, N groups compare to T in HIEE (high intensity exercise energy expenditure), LIEE (low intensity exercise energy expenditure), HIEEPE (high intensity exercise energy expenditure post exercise) and LIEEPE (low intensity exercise expenditure post exercise). In the hormonal level, there was significant different in T4 level in the T group at LI period and there was also significant difference in T4, Free T3, & Free T4 levels in T group at LI period, however there was no significant different in the O and N groups except LI period. In the fatigue variables, there was significant different in lactate and ammonia levels in the N group in the period of HI compare to C. The present cross-sectional study was design to investigate the relationship between exercise intensity and RMR in four groups. The focus of this investigation was to compare RMR in aerobically trained (T), control (C), obese (O) and NIDDM (N) group. The relationship among RMR, exercise intensity and percent body fat would best be investigated using Meta Lyzer 3B, MMX3B and body composition analyzer. Each subject completed measurement of percent body fat, RMR, hormone in the period of maximal oxygen uptake exercise (MA), high intensity exercise (HI), and low intensity exercise (LI). From the results, High and Low intensity of exercise, there was a trend for an increased RMR (kcal/day) in the trained groups and control group (in case of LI) not for the obese and N groups. This is best explained not by the reduced percent body fat but by the highly induced energy expenditure (during exercise and post exercise energy expenditure) and increased T4, Free T3, and Free T4 hormonal levels in the low intensity exercise for the T group and sometimes C group.

Gasto energético e consumo de oxigênio pós-exercício contra-resistência

O aumento do gasto energético com a atividade física é reconhecido como um importante coadjuvante em programas para redução da massa corporal. Porém, o impacto do exercício contra-resistência, incluindo o consumo de oxigênio em excesso pós-exercício sobre o gasto energético ainda é questionável. O objetivo desta revisão foi discutir a influência das variáveis do exercício contra-resistência (isto é, intensidade, intervalo de recuperação, velocidade de execução, número de séries, e modo - circuito ou contínuo) sobre o gasto energético durante e após uma sessão de exercícios, envolvendo uma discussão sobre os possíveis mecanismos do consumo de oxigênio em excesso pós-exercício. As inúmeras possibilidades de combinação entre tais variáveis podem favorecer uma variabilidade bastante grande no gasto energético de uma sessão de exercício contra-resistência (aproximadamente de 3 a 10kcal.min-1). Contudo, o volume total de trabalho parece ser determinante no gasto energético da sessão. O consumo de oxigênio em excesso pós-exercício, por outro lado, parece ser afetado pela intensidade. A manipulação das variáveis do exercício contra-resistência pode afetar os processos metabólicos subjacentes ao consumo de oxigênio em excesso pós-exercício, o que inclui ressíntese dos estoques de fosfato de alta energia, ressaturação da oximioglobina e oxihemoglobina, efeitos termogênicos, remoção de lactato, aumento no turnover protéico, e processos desencadeados pela estimulação simpática. Conclui-se que, para indivíduos destreinados e com sobrepeso, a prescrição de escolha poderia ser a de sessões de baixa intensidade e alto volume. Contudo, para indivíduos treinados, o aumento do gasto energético, a partir da execução de sessões de exercício contra-resistência mais intensas, pode ser adequado, dada a influência da intensidade sobre o consumo de oxigênio em excesso pós-exercício. Dessa forma, para a prescrição dietética, o nutricionista deve considerar e se beneficiar dos efeitos do treinamento com exercício contra-resistência sobre o aumento do gasto energético.

Excess post-exercise oxygen consumption in untrained males: effects of intermittent durations of arm ergometry

The purpose of this study was to investigate excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) following a continuous 30 min bout of upper-body exercise (UBE) compared with 3 consecutive 10 min bouts of UBE. Ten male subjects (age (mean +/- standard deviation), 25.7 +/- 5.83 years; arm VO(2) (peak), 2.2 +/- 0.25 L x min(-1), on separate days (48 h between trials) and in counterbalanced order, performed a continuous 30 min bout of arm exercise at 60% of arm VO2 peak and 3 separate 10 min bouts of arm exercise at 60% of arm VO(2) (peak). Subjects reported to the laboratory rested and after a 12 h fast. Each test was preceded by a 30 min baseline test to determine resting metabolic rate. Post-exercise VO2 was continuously monitored until baseline was re-established. Results showed that the combined magnitude of the EPOCs from the intermittent exercise sessions was significantly (p > .05) greater (4.47 +/- 1.58 L O2) than that elicited from the continuous exercise session (1.54 +/- 1.25 L O2). These data indicate that separating a continuous 30 min arm exercise into 3 equal 10 min arm exercises will elicit a small but significantly higher EPOC, and thus result in greater post-exercise energy expenditure. This could be beneficial for those unable to perform lower-body exercise (LBE), or for those with limited exercise capacities.

Effect of High Versus Low Intensity Resistance Exercise on Excess Post Exercise Oxygen Consumption

Resistance training is known to enhance excess post exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC), yet, it is unclear what intensity of resistance exercise is necessary to optimize EPOC. Moreover, it is known that differences in body composition can alter total energy expenditure (EE), yet little is known concerning the effect of body composition on EPOC. PURPOSE: 1) To compare the effect of a single bout of high or low intensity resistance exercise of equal work on EPOC and 2) to determine the effect of body composition on EPOC. METHODS: Ten obese and 10 lean males performed 3 sets of 8 exercises at a low (50% 1 RM) and high intensity (80% 1 RM) of equal work volume. Energy expenditure, respiratory exchange ratio (R), and substrate oxidation were measured at immediately, 1 h, and 2 h post exercise and compared to resting values obtained prior to the exercise bout. RESULTS: Resting metabolic rate (RMR) was significantly higher in the obese group (297.13 ± 43.79 ml/min) compared to the lean group (260.67 ± 28.90 ml/min, p <0.05) but no group differences existed when adjusted for LBM. Post exercise energy expenditure, expressed as mean VO2 and AUC, and R were not significantly (p >0.05) different between the 50% and 80% 1 RM study days. At each post exercise measurement period, a significantly (p <0.05) higher EE existed in the obese group compared to the lean group. Adjusting the post exercise energy expenditure for differences in RMR between the two groups, EE immediately post, 1 h, and 2 h post was no longer significantly different between the obese and lean individuals. CONCLUSIONS Low and high intensity resistance exercise bouts of equal work volume will produce similar post exercise energy expenditure. Moreover, obese and lean men will elicit similar post exercise energy expenditure in response to resistance exercise bouts of varying intensity but equal work volume.

Resistance Training Volume and Post Exercise Energy Expenditure

The main purpose of this study was to determine if increasing the volume of a resistance training program, while keeping the intensity the same would significantly increase the recovery energy expenditure, as measured by the excess post-exercise energy expenditure (EPEE). Fifteen resistance-trained women completed two resistance training protocols. Both protocols consisted of nine exercises performed to volitional fatigue, at the previously determined eight RM. The only difference between the two protocols was the number of sets (1-set or 3-sets). All subjects completed both protocols in a randomized and counterbalanced fashion. Energy expenditure, as determined by oxygen consumption and respiratory exchange ratio (RER), was measured continuously prior to exercise, during the exercise session, and during the entire 120 min of recovery. Fingertip blood lactate concentration was determined at baseline, immediately post-exercise, and every 30 min in recovery. The net energy expenditure during exercise was significantly greater during the 3-set protocol (661.9 +/- 43.9 kj) than the 1-set protocol (234.7 +/- 13.4 kj). However, per minute of exercise, there was no significant difference between the two protocols. During the 120 min of recovery, the net EPEE was not significantly different between the two protocols (93.3 +/- 20.1 kj following the 1-set protocol, and 94.1 +/- 7.1 kj following the 3-set protocol). However, when comparing the EPEE to the number of minutes spent in the exercise session, the 1-set protocol led to a significantly greater energy expenditure in the recovery period (1.0 +/- 0.22 kj/min) than did the 3-set protocol (0.4 +/- 0.03 kj/min). These data indicate that in previously trained women, increasing the volume of resistance training, from 1-set to 3-sets, while keeping the intensity the same will not significantly increase EPEE above what is found in a lower volume of work.

운동강도의 차이가 안정시대사량 및 에너지 소비량에 미치는 영향

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of various exercise intensity on Resting Metabolic Rate (RMR), excess post exercise energy expenditure (EPEE), and thyroid hormonal changes in trained (TR) and untrained (UT) people. The subject of the present study were divided into two groups and four periods: trained (TR; n

Effect of Single- and Multiple-Set Resistance Exercise on Postexercise Energy Expenditure

1896 Few studies have examined the acute effects of resistance exercise (RE) volume (i.e., number of sets) on postexercise energy expenditure (EE). PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of single-set (∼20 min) and multiple-set (3 sets, ∼60 min) RE routines on postexercise EE in young adults. METHODS: Six RE-trained women and two RE-trained men (age = 23 ± 4 yr; ht = 171 ± 8.6 cm; wt = 73 ± 16.2 kg) were studied during three randomly assigned conditions: control (sitting, no RE), single-set RE (1 set of 10 exercises at 10 repetition maximum (RM)), and multiple-set RE (3 sets of 10 exercises at 10 RM). Both RE routines used the same upper- and lower-body exercises. Sets were performed on a 2-min cycle. Ventilation and pulmonary gas exchange were measured continuously for 30 min before exercise, during the exercise period, for the first 30 min of the 120-min postexercise period, for alternating 15-min periods for the next 90 min, and again (for 30 min of rest) 21 h after each trial. Comparisons between conditions were made using one – way ANOVA. RESULTS: Mean (± SD) net EE during the 3-set trial (208 ± 83 kcal) was greater (P<0.05) than that during the 1-set trial (75 ± 28 kcal). Total 2-h excess postexercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) and net EE of the 3-set RE trial (10.9 ± 4.5 L; 51.5 ± 21.5 kcal) and the 1-set RE trial (7.6 ± 4.3 L; 36.2 ± 20.4 kcal) conditions were higher (P < 0.05) than that observed during the comparative 2-h resting control, but were not different from each other (P = 0.27). Postexercise EE had essentially returned to preexercise levels after 2 h. At 21 h postexercise, resting EE among the three trials was not different (P = 0.963). CONCLUSION: Both single- and multiple-set RE routines of the type typically recommended (e.g., ACSM guidelines; Med Sci Sports Exerc, 30: 975–991, 1998) elevate postexercise EE and EPOC in young adults, but this effect is not prolonged. Total EE (RE + postexercise EE) for the 1-set and 3-set routines were ∼111 kcal and ∼259 kcal, repectively. Thus 2–3 sessions of RE (as described herein) per week might be expected to increase weekly EE by ∼220–335 kcal (1-set routine) or ∼520–780 kcal (3-set routine).

Effect of Single- and Multiple-Set Resistance Exercise on Postexercise Energy Expenditure

1896 Few studies have examined the acute effects of resistance exercise (RE) volume (i.e., number of sets) on postexercise energy expenditure (EE). PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of single-set (∼20 min) and multiple-set (3 sets, ∼60 min) RE routines on postexercise EE in young adults. METHODS: Six RE-trained women and two RE-trained men (age = 23 ± 4 yr; ht = 171 ± 8.6 cm; wt = 73 ± 16.2 kg) were studied during three randomly assigned conditions: control (sitting, no RE), single-set RE (1 set of 10 exercises at 10 repetition maximum (RM)), and multiple-set RE (3 sets of 10 exercises at 10 RM). Both RE routines used the same upper- and lower-body exercises. Sets were performed on a 2-min cycle. Ventilation and pulmonary gas exchange were measured continuously for 30 min before exercise, during the exercise period, for the first 30 min of the 120-min postexercise period, for alternating 15-min periods for the next 90 min, and again (for 30 min of rest) 21 h after each trial. Comparisons between conditions were made using one – way ANOVA. RESULTS: Mean (± SD) net EE during the 3-set trial (208 ± 83 kcal) was greater (P<0.05) than that during the 1-set trial (75 ± 28 kcal). Total 2-h excess postexercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) and net EE of the 3-set RE trial (10.9 ± 4.5 L; 51.5 ± 21.5 kcal) and the 1-set RE trial (7.6 ± 4.3 L; 36.2 ± 20.4 kcal) conditions were higher (P < 0.05) than that observed during the comparative 2-h resting control, but were not different from each other (P = 0.27). Postexercise EE had essentially returned to preexercise levels after 2 h. At 21 h postexercise, resting EE among the three trials was not different (P = 0.963). CONCLUSION: Both single- and multiple-set RE routines of the type typically recommended (e.g., ACSM guidelines; Med Sci Sports Exerc, 30: 975–991, 1998) elevate postexercise EE and EPOC in young adults, but this effect is not prolonged. Total EE (RE + postexercise EE) for the 1-set and 3-set routines were ∼111 kcal and ∼259 kcal, repectively. Thus 2–3 sessions of RE (as described herein) per week might be expected to increase weekly EE by ∼220–335 kcal (1-set routine) or ∼520–780 kcal (3-set routine).

Effect of exercise intensity on exercise and post exercise energy expenditure in moderately obese women

Walking and/or jogging has become a popular activity especially for moderate obese women who aim to maintain acceptable body fat levels. The question whether it is more beneficial to walk/jog at a moderate pace for a longer duration or at a fast pace for a shorter duration is often asked. Research literature fails to answer this question conclusively. The aim of this study was to determine if exercise and post exercise energy expenditure are affected by the intensity of exercise during a set distance of 4km walking and/or jogging. Subjects for this study were 12 moderately obese females with mean fat percentage of 31.7±6.3% and mean age of 38.2±4.6 years. For the low intensity protocol (LI) continuous indirect calorimetry, using the Cortex Metamax portable system, was performed for a 30 minute pre-exercise period of sedentary sitting, for a 4km walk/jog on a motorised treadmill at 57% of maximum heart rate, as well as for 4 hours post exercise. The high intensity protocol (HI) consisted of continuous indirect calorimetry for a 30-minute pre-exercise period of sedentary sitting, for a 4km walk/jog on a motorised treadmill at the highest voluntary pace of the subject, as well as for 4 hours post exercise. A minimum period of one week separated the HI and LI evaluations. Oxygen consumption and substrate utilisation during and 4 hours following LI and HI were analysed. The main findings were: 1) oxygen consumption (lO2) was significantly higher (p0.05) between HI (79.9±13.2) and LI (82.4±15.2); 3) total (exercise plus 4-hour recovery) oxygen consumption (lO2) did not differ significantly (p>0.05) between HI (134.4±16.1) and LI (126.5±28.3); 4) post exercise fat utilisation (gm) was slightly lower after HI (18±18.7) than after LI (22.2±13.7), but the difference was not significant (p>0.05); 5) post exercise carbohydrate utilisation (gm) was slightly higher after HI (53.7±19.9) than after LI (46.5±21.0), but the difference was not significant (p>0.05); 6) total carbohydrate utilisation (gm) was significantly (p0.05). This study did not find any significant advantage for mildly obese females to walk/jog for 4km at a very high intensity compared to a moderate intensity, in order to increase energy expenditure as well as enhance the oxidation of fat and thereby accelerate fat loss. (S. African J. for Research in Sport, Physical Ed. and Recreation: 2001 23 (1): 1-8)

Effects of the menstrual cycle on excess postexercise oxygen consumption in healthy young women

The effects of the menstrual cycle on excess postexercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) were studied in seven healthy young women aged 18 to 20 years. EPOC, resting metabolic rate (RMR), and energy expenditure during exercise (EEDE) in the fasting state were measured in the follicular and luteal phases. On the experimental days, subjects exercised for 60 minutes on a bicycle ergometer at an intensity of 60% maximal oxygen consumption (V̇ o 2max) followed by rest for 6 hours. The EPOC and RMR were significantly higher ( P < .05) and the postexercise respiratory exchange ratio (RER) was significantly lower ( P < .05) in the luteal phase versus the follicular phase, whereas differences in the EEDE and basal and exercise RER were negligible in both phases. Fat oxidation during the experimental period was significantly greater in the luteal phase ( P < .05). These results suggest that exercise in the luteal phase results in greater postexercise energy expenditure and fat utilization than in the follicular phase.

Influence of intense physical activity on energy balance and body fatness

The reduced contribution of physical activity to daily energy expenditure and the accessibility to high-fat foods have put an excessive burden on energy balance, resulting in an increase in the prevalence of obesity throughout the world. In this context, fat gain can be seen as a natural adaptation to deal with a fattening lifestyle, since the hormonal adaptations that accompany fat gain favour the readjustment of energy expenditure to energy intake. Intense physical activity would also seem to facilitate the regulation of energy balance, since it increases the energy cost of exercise, increases post-exercise energy expenditure and the potential of skeletal muscles to utilize lipids, and also favours a decrease in post-exercise intake. Moreover, the effects of intense exercise seem to be mediated by an activation of sympathetic nervous system activity that seems to be specific to skeletal muscle. It is also important to manipulate macronutrient composition in order to reduce fat intake, because unhealthy food habits can favour overfeeding and thus overcome the energy deficit caused by regular physical activity. Under free-living conditions, the combination of vigorous activity and healthy food practices can amount to a substantial weight loss which is comparable with that of other non-surgical approaches to treat obesity.

Exercise and Postexercise Substrate Oxidation in Young Women Resulting from Exercise Bouts of Different Intensities 255

Some practitioners have suggested that high intensity exercise is less effective than low intensity exercise in promoting fat loss. However, this notion fails to account for the impact of exercise intensity on postexercise energy expenditure and substrate oxidation rates. Thus, we studied the effects of low and high intensity exercise, of similar energy output, on exercise and post-exercise energy expenditure and substrate oxidation in eight active, eumenorrheic females (aged 22-31). Continuous indirect calorimetry was performed during and for 3 h following three separate conditions administered in random order: 1) low intensity cycle ergometry exercise (LIE: 500 [email protected] 50% VO2 max); and 2) high intensity cycle ergometry exercise (HIE: 500 calories @ 75% VO2 max); and 3) a no-exercise control condition (C) of quiet sitting. Mean excess postexercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) for the three hours of recovery for HIE (9.0±1.7L) was greater (p<0.05) than EPOC for LIE (4.8±1.6 L). Recovery VO2 following HIE, but not LIE remained elevated at the end of the 3-h post-exercise period. Total carbohydrate oxidation (exercise plus postexercise period) was significantly higher for HIE (116±8.6 g) compared to LIE (85.0 ± 5.2 g). Total fat oxidation was lower for HIE (27.7±3.3 g) compared to LIE(36.9±3.0 g), but this difference was not significant. The rate of fat oxidation at the end of the measured 3-h recovery period remained higher for HIE compared to LIE. These data indicate that the recovery period should also be considered when determining the impact of different exercise intensities on total energy expenditure and fat and carbohydrate utilization.

THE EFFECTS OF CROSS-TRAINING ON ENERGY EXPENDITURE AND UTILIZATION OF OVERWEIGHT WOMEN 476

The purpose of this study was to determine if energy expenditure (EE) or energy utilization (EU) changed in response to cross-training. Twelve overweight women (BMI±SD=28.7±4.4) participated in a diet and exercise study while living in a metabolic research unit. The controlled diet was mildly restricted in energy (8.03±1.05 MJ·d-1). Exercise included a daily 3 mile walk, aerobic workout 5 d·wk-1, and weight training 3 d·wk-1. At the beginning (T0) and after 8 wk of training (T8), EE and EU were studied by indirect calorimetry in this sequence: at rest, following ingestion of a 1 MJ “sports bar”, during 30 min of cycling at 50% peak VO2, and for 1 hr post-exercise. Serial blood samples were obtained coincidentally and analyzed for glucose and insulin. As a result of intervention, body mass decreased by 5%, but fat-free mass decreased by only 1%. At T8, exercise EE increased 7% (p<0.01) due to modest improvements in peak VO2. The increase in EE resulted from higher carbohydrate oxidation (p≤0.01). Also during exercise at T8, plasma glucose levels were lower (T0=3.9mM vs T8=3.6mM, p≤0.01), and insulin levels did not change. These data suggest that the production of glucose during exercise did not keep pace with its utilization. Despite increased exercise EE, post-exercise EE decreased 5-7% (p≤0.01), post-prandial EE decreased 4% (p≤0.05), whereas resting EE did not change. During rest at T8, the respiratory exchange ratio tended to decrease (p=0.06), and carbohydrate oxidation decreased by 16% (p≤0.05). The small decreases in EE, post-prandial and post-exercise, could impact energy balance over time and could be viewed as a compensatory mechanism that conserves energy during a state of energy deficit. Contrary to what we expected, we found no enhancement of fat utilization as a result of cross-training.

Effect of acute resistance exercise on postexercise energy expenditure and resting metabolic rate.

Two separate experiments were performed to determine the effect of acute resistive exercise on postexercise energy expenditure in male subjects previously trained in resistive exercise. In experiment 1, after measurement of their resting metabolic rate (RMR) at 0700 h and their ingestion of a standardized meal at 0800 h, seven subjects (age range 22-40 yr) beginning at 1400 h completed a 90-min weight-lifting protocol. Postexercise metabolic rate (PEMR) was measured continuously for 2 h after exercise and compared with a preexercise baseline. RMR was measured the following morning 15 h after completion of the workout. In experiment 2, six different men (age range 20-35 yr) completed a similar experimental protocol as well as a control condition on a separate day in which metabolic rate was measured for 2 h after a period of quiet sitting. For both experiments, PEMR remained elevated for the entire 2-h measured recovery period, with the average oxygen consumption for the last 6 min elevated by 11-12%. RMR measured the morning after exercise was 9.4% higher in experiment 1 and 4.7% higher in experiment 2 than on the previous day. In experiment 2, the postabsorptive respiratory exchange ratio was significantly lower the morning after the exercise bout. Strenuous resistive exercise may elevate PEMR for a prolonged period and may enhance postexercise lipid oxidation.

Magnitude and Duration of Postexercise Energy Expenditure in Women and Men

This study is a comparison of both the magnitude and duration of excess postexercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) between women and men. Eighteen (9 women, 9 men) physically active, young adult volunteers performed a moderate exercise in the early morning after having refrained from any strenuous activity for the previous 36-48 hr. Baseline oxygen uptake (VO2) and heart rate (HR) were measured for the last 15 min of a 45 min seated rest. The 30 min cycle ergometer exercise was performed at 60% of each subject’s previously determined peak VO2. Subjects sat quietly in a chair during recovery until VO2 returned to baseline. The women had a significantly lower (t=4.22, p&lt;0.01) resting VO2(0.22±0.03 L min−1) than the men (0.31±0.06 L min−1), however no significant difference was observed when resting VO2 was expressed relative to body weight. VO2 values during exercise were also significantly lower in the women compared to the men (t=4.85, p&lt;0.01). Duration of EPOC was similar between the two groups (women=27.6±15.6, men=28.2±15.9 min). The 38% difference in magnitude of EPOC between the women (9.4±4.7 kcal) and men (13.0±4.6 kcal) was not statistically significant and approximated 5% of the exercise energy expenditure in each group. It was concluded that there was no sex difference in EPOC duration following moderate exercise conditions. Magnitude of EPOC was small for both groups, with women having a slightly lower value.

Postexercise Energy Expenditure Following Intermittent Exercise

Postexercise Energy Expenditure Following Intermittent Exercise

Amount of exercise per day and weeks of training

The effects of 16 wk of 1 or 3 h of daily swim-training on the body weight and 24-h postexercise energy expenditure of adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were examined. Daily energy expenditure (kcal.d-1.kg-0.75) of sedentary rats displayed the usual age-associated decline in daily energy expenditure (kcal.d-1.kg-0.75) over this 16-wk period. Daily swimming forestalled this decline, leading to differences in daily energy expenditure between exercised and sedentary rats, which grew progressively larger. One and 3 h of daily swimming led to similar declines in weight, but 3 h of daily swimming elevated daily (postexercise) expenditure after fewer weeks of training and to a greater extent than did 1 h of daily swimming. Exercise-induced elevations in daily (nonexercise) expenditure thus appear to be a joint function of how long the daily exercise program has been in effect and the amount of daily exercise.

Post-exercise Energy Expenditure After Cycle Ergometer and Treadmill Exercise

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Post-exercise Energy Expenditure After Cycle Ergometer and Treadmill Exercise

This study was designed to examine the effect of two exercise modes on the magnitude and duration of excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC). Seven moderately trained men reported to the laboratory on two occasions and rested, seated, for one hour. Baseline JOURNAL/jscr/beta/00124278-199202000-00004/ENTITY_OV0312/v/2017-05-04T192843Z/r/image-pngO2 and heart rate (HR) were measured during the last 10 minutes of this period. Exercise duration was 30 minutes at an intensity approximating 60 to 65 percent of each subject's previously determined mode- specific peak JOURNAL/jscr/beta/00124278-199202000-00004/ENTITY_OV0312/v/2017-05-04T192843Z/r/image-pngO2 using a cycle ergometer or a motor-driven treadmill, administered in a counterbalanced order. After the exercise, subjects again rested while JOURNAL/jscr/beta/00124278-199202000-00004/ENTITY_OV0312/v/2017-05-04T192843Z/r/image-pngO2 and HR were measured continuously, until baseline JOURNAL/jscr/beta/00124278-199202000-00004/ENTITY_OV0312/v/2017-05-04T192843Z/r/image-pngO2 was achieved. No significant diflerence in duration of EPOC between the two exercise modes was noted. Magnitude of EPOC was small and averaged 15 to 17 kilocalories. It was concluded that moderate-intensity treadmill and cycle ergometer exercise at an equivalent relative metabolic load elicits similar post-exercise responses, and that mode of exercise is not a contributing factor to the discrepant findings in the EPOC literature.