Post-disaster Stage Research Articles

Social Values in the Activities of the Regional Disaster Management Agency (RDMA) in Banjar Regency

The objective of this study is to identify social values associated with the operations of the Banjar Regency Regional Disaster Management Agency (RDMA). This research was conducted through a qualitative approach. The research subjects were individuals involved in RDMA activities in Banjar Regency, focusing on the pre-disaster, emergency response, and post-disaster stages. After being collected through observation, interviews, and documentation, the data was analyzed through simplification, presentation, and conclusion. As a result of the research, the RDMA of Banjar Regency carries out disaster management activities in several stages, namely pre-disaster, emergency response, and post-disaster. The social values contained in the RDMA activities in Banjar Regency include responsibility, care, helping, discipline, and cooperation. The findings show that the RDMA of Banjar Regency plays an important role in maintaining the safety and welfare of the community in its region, by paying attention to the underlying social values. The hope of this research is to provide a deeper insight into the role of RDMA in disaster management and its contribution to the development of a safer and more resilient community in Banjar District.

Disaster preparedness perceptions and psychological first-aid competencies of psychiatric nurses.

This study aimed to determine the disaster preparedness perceptions and psychological first-aid competencies of psychiatric nurses. Nurses must recognize the risks before a disaster occurs and have an action plan for providing effective physical and psychological care to patients and other affected individuals during and after the disaster. It is especially important for psychiatric nurses caring for a high-risk group, such as psychiatric patients, to be prepared for disasters and be able to support patients by recognizing the psychological reactions that may occur after a disaster and managing their care accordingly. For this cross-sectional and correlational study, data on 122 nurses were collected using a personal information form, the preparedness perception scale of disaster in nurses, and the psychological first-aid application self-efficacy scale. The mean score for the participants' perception of overall disaster preparedness was 76.70±8.30, the mean score for the preparation stage was 27.02±2.82, the mean score for the intervention stage was 30.40±5.15, the mean score for the post-disaster stage was 19.27±2.88, and the mean score for psychological first-aid application self-efficacy was 140.28±19.17. The findings showed that psychiatric nurses were above the medium level in terms of disaster preparedness perceptions and psychological first-aid application self-efficacy. It is important for nurses caring for high-risk groups, such as psychiatric patients, to be aware of disaster preparedness, to recognize psychological reactions that may be observed after a disaster, and to be aware of psychological first-aid practices that can be used to intervene in a disaster.

Psychosocial Mental Health Analysis Of Post Earthquake Victims In Cianjur District

Disaster events are a serious threat to the continuity of human life and livelihood. Earthquakes are the most frequently occurring disaster and result in large losses such as human casualties, environmental damage, property loss, and psychosocial impacts felt by earthquake victims. The aim of this research is to determine psychosocial mental health problems among victims after the earthquake disaster in Cianjur Regency. This type of research uses quantitative. The population in this study were 100 earthquake victims in Cianjur Regency who were selected using purposive sampling. Frequency distribution analysis of the data was carried out with the results that 91 respondents (91%) experienced psychosocial problems and 9 respondents (9%) were mentally healthy. Apart from that, 74 respondents (74%) said they had PTSD symptoms after the earthquake disaster. Early detection of psychosocial problems is the first step in preventing mental disorders. Providing psychosocial mental health support is an appropriate step that can be used in the post-disaster stage.

A scenario-based game theory integrating with a location-allocation-routing problem in a pre- and post-disaster humanitarian logistics network under uncertainty

PurposePre-positioning and distributing relief items are important parts of disaster management as it simultaneously considers activities from both pre- and post-disaster stages. This study aims to address this problem with a novel mathematical model.Design/methodology/approachIn this research, a bi-objective mixed-integer linear programming model is developed to tackle pre-positioning and distributing relief items, and it is formulated as an integrated location-allocation-routing problem with uncertain parameters. The humanitarian supply chain consists of relief facilities (RFs) and demand points (DPs). Perishable and imperishable relief commodities (RCs), different types of vehicles, different transportation modes, a time window for delivering perishable commodities and the occurrence of unmet demand are considered. A scenario-based game theory is applied for purchasing RCs from different suppliers and an integrated best-worst method-technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution technique is implemented to determine the importance of DPs. The proposed model is used to solve several random test problems for verification, and to validate the model, Iran’s flood in 2019 is investigated as a case study for which useful managerial insights are provided.FindingsManagers can effectively adjust their preferences towards response time and total cost of the network and use sensitivity analysis results in their decisions.Originality/valueThe model locates RFs, allocates DPs to RFs in the pre-disaster stage, and determines the routing of RCs from RFs to DPs in the post-disaster stage with respect to minimizing total costs and response time of the humanitarian logistics network.

Weaving the Nodes: Actor Relations in Forest Fire Handling

This study aims to identify and describe the actor-network on forest fire handling in South Sumatra in its all three stages. This study collects data through interviews and documents. R Studio is used to analyze and visualize the connection between actors. The results of this study show a formal division of activities among actors in forest fire handling based on Governor decree involving state and non-state actors. However, non-state actors were not involved in every operational activity, especially in the pre-disaster stage. Furthermore, the Head of the Forest and Land Fire Control Section plays an essential role in the pre-disaster stage, the Regional Disaster Management Agency in the emergency stage, while there is no actor interactions in the post-disaster stage. Such situation requires a better actor-network by weaving the nodes to ensure effective coordination considering the role, interaction, and intervention of the actors as well as the nature of inclusiveness through the involvement of all actors, especially that of non-state actors. The limitation of this study is dealing with its focus just on one perspective that is based on the legal framework. Future research is expected to broaden the perspective with empirical and factual research.
 Keywords: forest fire handling, network, social network analysis, south Sumatra

The Urgency of Establishing a Natural Disaster Management Agency in Indonesia

Severe damage and large losses will be the result of the earthquake. Thus, pre-disaster activities to reduce the impact of carried out by various parties such as the central and local governments, relevant agencies, and society are very important. Therefore, the central government will make a design “action against earthquakes” as a master plan for dealing with disasters earthquakes, including pre-disaster measures, emergency response, and post-disaster stages. To measure the impact of these disaster risk reduction efforts, the central government will set one goal that can be measured quantitatively for a certain period of time. Observations of the achievements of these efforts will be continued regularly basis. Moreover, participation and coordination with local government are very important to achieve this goal, so the local government concerned must take responsibility for developing regional plans that are in line with the coping strategy of national disaster. The methode use qualitative method. The conclusion for this research are regional government holding autonomy mandates can take a look at intensively the advantages of providing disaster insurance premium subsidies compared to having to perform post-disaster rehabilitation without the insurance industry’s contributions that if a disaster occurs, the government can share with insurance in dealing with diverse agreed matters. Regional Original (PAD) for Disaster Insurance Premiums for groups in disaster-prone regions to perform the mandate of local autonomy.

Evaluation of spatial patterns accuracy in identifying built-up areas within risk zones using deep learning, RGB aerial imagery, and multi-source GIS data

In the presence of natural disasters that increasingly affect urban centers, innovative methodologies that can support all the subjects and bodies involved in the disaster management system are increasingly important. This task can be enhanced in urban settings by automatically assessing at-risk buildings through satellite and aerial imagery. However, creating and implementing models with robust generalization capabilities is crucial to achieving this goal. Based on these premises, the authors proposed a deep learning approach utilizing the U-Net model to map buildings within known landslide-prone areas. They trained and validated the U-Net model using the Dubai Satellite Imagery Dataset. The model's prediction accuracy in adapting its results to urban environments in Italy, different from those involved in the training and validation stages, was tested using natural color orthoimages and diverse geographic information system (GIS) data sources. The outcomes indicate that the model's predictions are better in contexts with denser urban fabric. The level of accuracy in dispersed urban shapes worsens as building footprints cover a small portion of the total image area. Overall, the results demonstrate that the suggested methodology can effectively identify buildings in landslide risk zones, demonstrating noteworthy adaptability, making the proposed platform a tool that can be instrumental for decision-makers and urban planners in pre-disaster and post-disaster stages.

Sensors on the Internet of Things Systems for Urban Disaster Management: A Systematic Literature Review.

The occurrence of disasters has the potential to impede the progress of sustainable urban development. For instance, it has the potential to result in significant human casualties and substantial economic repercussions. Sustainable cities, as outlined in the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 12, prioritize the objective of disaster risk reduction. According to the Gesi Smarter 2030, the Internet of Things (IoT) assumes a pivotal role in the context of smart cities, particularly in domains including smart grids, smart waste management, and smart transportation. IoT has emerged as a crucial facilitator for the management of disasters, contributing to the development of cities that are both resilient and sustainable. This systematic literature analysis seeks to demonstrate the sensors utilized in IoT for the purpose of urban catastrophe management. The review encompasses both the pre-disaster and post-disaster stages, drawing from a total of 72 articles. During each stage, we presented the characteristics of sensors employed in IoT. Additionally, we engaged in a discourse regarding the various communication technologies and protocols that can be utilized for the purpose of transmitting the data obtained from sensors. Furthermore, we have demonstrated the methodology for analyzing and implementing the data within the application layer of IoT. In conclusion, this study addresses the existing research deficiencies within the literature and presents potential avenues for future exploration in the realm of IoT-enabled urban catastrophe management, drawing upon the findings of the evaluated publications.

Multi-Stage Proactive Scheduling of Strategic DISCOs in Mutual Interaction With Cloud Energy Storage and Deferrable Loads

Unexpected events have underscored the need for proactive preparedness in local energy systems, especially strategic distribution companies (DISCOs). The state-of-the-art methods to take proactive approaches in DISCOs are to use battery energy storage systems (BESS). However, there is a lack of established approaches that include the inter-dependencies of techno-socio economic features. To overcome this limitation, this paper constitutes a multi-stage resilience-promoting proactive strategy with linear decisions to enhance the strategic DISCOs preparedness level to deal with unscheduled islanding operation under uncertainties. In particular, this strategy provides operational solutions to survive DISCOs under stressful conditions by incorporating the economic operation of cloud energy storage (CES), which manages many BESS, and correlated demand response (DR) programs in resiliency issues. To this end, the lexicography algorithm is employed to prioritize different objectives based on the pre-avoidance, avoidance, survival, and post-disaster stages, which captures the BESS' energy level as well as socio-economic features of DISCO and CES. The effectiveness of the proposed strategy is demonstrated both analytically and empirically. At first, the features of the proposed strategy are examined in responding to islanding state using a set of numerical studies conducted on the IEEE 69-bus test system in GAMS software. After that, insightful analyses are performed via DIgSILENT PowerFactory to verify the feasibility of the proposed strategy.

Preventive allocation and post-disaster cooperative dispatch of emergency mobile resources for improved distribution system resilience

Repair crews (RCs) and mobile power sources (MPSs) are emergency mobile resources (EMRs) for distribution system repair and restoration. In this paper, an outage management strategy (OMS) is proposed to improve the distribution system resilience against extreme weather events in both preventive and post-disaster stages. In the preventive stage, considering the uncertainty of fault location, the resource allocation problem is formulated as a two-stage stochastic programming to minimize the expected load shedding cost shortly after the disaster. The post-disaster stage is a cooperative dispatch of EMRs, accompanied by dynamic microgrid formation. With the progress of line repair, the MPSs are dispatched to different locations to support microgrids. The optimal repair sequence of faulted lines and scheduling of MPSs are determined in a multi-timeslot dispatch model. The proposed algorithm is validated by IEEE 123-bus test system and a 118-bus real-world system. The simulation results demonstrate that OMS can efficiently restore critical loads via an optimal utilization of mobile resources.

Legal Analysis of Social Protection in Disaster Management in the Province of Lampung

Based on Law Number 24 of 2007 and Government Regulation Number 21 of 2008 concerning the implementation of disaster management, which consists of pre-disaster, emergency response, and post-disaster stages, as well as four types of social protection in the post-disaster stage, which include social assistance, social insurance, labor market intervention, and social care services. This research aims to interpret the legal framework of disaster management for 15 districts/cities in Lampung Province. This research uses a normative legal research method (legal research), which bases its analysis on applicable laws and regulations that are relevant to the issues that are the focus of the research. According to data analysis conducted on 15 districts and cities in Lampung Province, 11 of them have regional rules on disaster management that include pre-disaster, emergency response, and post-disaster phases. Regulations for all phases of disaster management are still lacking in the other four districts.
 Keywords: pre-disaster, emergency response, and post-disaster stages, social assistance, social insurance, labor market intervention, social care services

Assistance for Disaster Preparedness Volunteer Students: Lifting Moving and the Process of Evacuating Disaster Victims

Disaster management includes pre-disaster, emergency response and post-disaster stages. The partners of this activity are student volunteers for disaster preparedness (Maharesigana), a community formed as a forum for fostering and developing students in disaster risk reduction, community service in handling disaster preparedness, and carrying out disaster management activities. However, a scientific background (non-health) becomes an obstacle when on duty. This activity aims to provide assistance in improving skills and knowledge of evacuation techniques and lifting moving procedures which are basic skills that partners must have. The activity method is delivered in the form of lectures, demonstrations, independent practice and role play simulations based on case scenarios. The results of the evaluation in the form of post tests and skills showed positive results in the aspects of knowledge (average score 82) and skills (average score 80).

Emergency materials response framework for petrochemical enterprises based on multi-objective optimization

With the expansion of the scale of the petrochemical industry, the occurrence of safety production accidents has seriously affected people's livelihood and property. Many countries have developed emergency response systems for preventing and responding to kinds of accidents. In this paper, an emergency response framework whose mainly includes the configuration and management of emergency supplies is proposed by a multi-objective optimization method, considering pre-disaster and post-disaster stages. In the pre-accident stage, the configuration plan of emergency materials is obtained by solving the mathematical model according to the actual production of the enterprise. In the post-accident phase, based on the number of materials stored in the previous stage, third-party emergency forces are considered to optimize the delivery of materials by a multi-objective model. Finally, a petrochemical enterprise in Zhoushan, Zhejiang is taken as an example to illustrate the validity and practicability of the proposed framework. The framework can complete rescue work under the requirements of enterprise budget and rescue time, so as to reduce the safety and environmental impact caused by accidents, such as air pollution caused by fire accidents, marine pollution caused by leakage accidents, etc. In the analysis, all scheme in model can complete more than 80% of the commodity scheduling within half an hour, which is better than the actual situation of the enterprise. This study provides the way to reduce material utilization and promote cleaner production for sustainable supplies management in petrochemical enterprise.

A hybrid metaheuristic algorithm for the multi-objective location-routing problem in the early post-disaster stage

<p style='text-indent:20px;'>Disasters such as earthquakes, typhoons, floods and COVID-19 continue to threaten the lives of people in all countries. In order to cover the basic needs of the victims, emergency logistics should be implemented in time. Location-routing problem (LRP) tackles facility location problem and vehicle routing problem simultaneously to obtain the overall optimization. In response to the shortage of relief materials in the early post-disaster stage, a multi-objective model for the LRP considering fairness is constructed by evaluating the urgency coefficients of all demand points. The objectives are the lowest cost, delivery time and degree of dissatisfaction. Since LRP is a NP-hard problem, a hybrid metaheuristic algorithm of Discrete Particle Swarm Optimization (DPSO) and Harris Hawks Optimization (HHO) is designed to solve the model. In addition, three improvement strategies, namely elite-opposition learning, nonlinear escaping energy, multi-probability random walk, are introduced to enhance its execution efficiency. Finally, the effectiveness and performance of the LRP model and the hybrid metaheuristic algorithm are verified by a case study of COVID-19 in Wuhan. It demonstrates that the hybrid metaheuristic algorithm is more competitive with higher accuracy and the ability to jump out of the local optimum than other metaheuristic algorithms.</p>

Full-time scale resilience enhancement strategies for an integrated electricity-gas-transportation coupled system

The frequent occurrence of extreme disaster events with low probability and high risk poses a serious threat to the safe and stable operation of power grids. With the development of energy internet technology, the deep integration of power distribution, natural gas and transportation networks has opened a promising way for resilient distribution networks. This paper proposes a full-time scale resilience enhancement framework for an integrated electricity-gas-transportation coupled system oriented to energy internet. In this framework, a minimax regret robust optimization model considering the uncertainty of extreme disaster attacks is developed to make the line hardening strategy in the pre-disaster stage, which is solved by the column-and-constraint generation algorithm. Furthermore, the synthetic restoration model considering the co-optimization of dynamic dispatch of gas-fired units, network reconfiguration and damaged component repair is established, in which the coupling influence of the gas and transportation networks on the restoration strategy during the disaster and post disaster stages is taken into account. And the sequential cone programming method and generalized Benders decomposition algorithm is implemented to solve the above model. Finally, the proposed model and solution method are validated via a modified 33-bus power distribution network coupled with a 12-node transportation network and a 7-node gas network. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed minmax regret robust optimization model can achieve a pre-disaster defensive strategy with less conservativeness in contrast to the conventional robust optimization model. Specifically, the cost under the worst-case attacks by the former has reduced by 11.52–22.29% compared to the latter. Moreover, the influence of the interdependent critical infrastructure networks on the synthetic restoration strategy in the disaster and post-disaster stages has been investigated. In particular, the power output by gas-fired units has reduced by 2699 kW when considering the operation constraints of the gas network. Additionally, due to the time-varying characteristics of traffic flow and commuting time in the transportation network, the repair time for the damaged components is shortened by 1.09 h while the preparation time of crews changes from 2.5 to 1.5 h.

Mitigation and public coordination for Flood Disaster Risk Reduction (FDRR) in the implementation of North Luwu sustainable development

In flood-prone areas, coordination between parties in disaster risk reduction activities is very important. This is because disasters will directly impact the disruption of people’s lives and livelihoods, as well as hinder the process of sustainable development. This study aims to develop a public coordination scheme for flood risk reduction activities based on public resources available in North Luwu Regency. Public resources come from government agencies and the potential of the community available in North Luwu Regency with their respective tasks at the stage before, during, and after the disaster. Public coordination is expected to support the implementation of sustainable development based on disaster risk reduction in North Luwu Regency. The preparation of the public coordination scheme was preceded by a geospatial flood hazard assessment based on the characteristics of the Rongkong Downstream Watershed using a Geographic Information System (GIS). The results of the assessment form the basis for the implementation of the preparation of public coordination for DRR. North Luwu Regency is dominated by coastal land units bordering Bone Bay, plains to mountains. High rainfall, critical land use, and low-lying settlements cause the research area to be in a high to very high risk zone experiencing flooding. Sustainable development can run effectively if its implementation is based on disaster risk reduction policies with public coordination. Public coordination is carried out between government agencies and the community, who work together according to their respective roles and tasks at the pre-, during, and post-disaster stages. The results of the study indicate that more sector involvement is needed in the pre-and post-disaster stages. This indicates that public coordination before a disaster is risk prevention and reduction activity that should be prioritized in the implementation of development before hampering the sustainability of development.

Disaster risk management based on local wisdom in handling natural disaster victims

Natural disasters that occur affect the welfare of the community. This study aims to examine disaster risk management based on local wisdom to minimize natural disasters’ victims. It was conducted in five districts and cities, involving 100 respondents and using mixed methods. The results of the study found a community-based disaster management forum called KSB (disaster preparedness village). KSB’s partnership with stakeholders in the form of pre-disaster technical guidance and emergency response is well established. In the pre-disaster stage, KSB provides an early warning system to condition community preparedness. In the emergency response stage, KSB handles disaster victims according to standard operating procedures. In the post-disaster stage, KSB helps manage aid, find sources of support, and maintain infrastructure in refugee camps. Disaster Alert Village (KSB) manages logistics, but has not provided socio-psychological assistance to victims, and does not have a granary and social substation, but has not found involvement of groups with special needs and vulnerable in handling disaster victims; It is recommended the need for active involvement, social protection for the special needs and the vulnerable.

EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS FOR NURSING DALAM MENGHADAPI BENCANA DI KOMUNITAS

Nurses are the health profession with the most number when compared to other health professions. The competence of nurses in emergency preparedness is obtained through the educational process in higher education including knowledge, skills and attitudes in dealing with emergencies caused by disasters. The purpose of this study was to determine the perceptions of nursing students about emergency preparedness in disasters. This study uses a quantitative descriptive method using Scale of Perception of Disaster Preparedness among Nurses (SPDPN) questionnaire which consists of 3 (three) components, namely the preparation stage, intervention stage and post-disaster stage. The respondents of this study were 49 students of the Diploma Three Nursing Program in Banda Aceh. The results showed that the mean value for the Preparation Stage is 4.4, the Intervention Stage is 4 and the Post Disaster Stage is 4. The conclusion from this study is nursing students' perceptions for emergency nursing showed a positive perception. Beside it the learning process followed by the simulations can increase students' confidence in dealing with disasters.

Assessing efficiency of disaster management institutions at local level in the coastal region of Bangladesh

The present study builds the existing scenarios of the Nature-Based Solutions (NBS) through in-depth investigation for further exploration of policy instruments as well as amendment of Standing Orders on Disaster and scopes the disaster risk reduction of the NBS journal. The objectives were to investigate the efficiency and role of local institutions with three (pre, during and post) phases of disaster risk reduction, considering three pillars (social, economic and environmental) of sustainability and to investigate the satisfaction level of local communities over the activities of local institutions round the year. Considering the cyclone and storm surge vulnerabilities, three coastal villages from three different coastal districts of Bangladesh were selected purposively to collect primary data through household questionnaire survey and key informants’ interviews. Besides, secondary data were also collected from various government and non-governmental sources. Both descriptive and inferential statistics are used to analyze data. The findings of this study present diverse institutional efficiency of different study locations at different phases of disasters. At pre-disaster period, Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) provide services more efficiently than Union Parisad (UP) and Red Crescent Society (RCS) in the study area. Cyclone Preparedness Program (CPP) volunteers disseminate early warning massages at pre-disaster period more efficiently than any other institutions but most of the people ignore the warning massages and hardly take the decision for seeking refugee to cyclone shelter during disaster. At post-disaster stage, UP and NGOs cannot play appropriate role due to bureaucratic complexities, corruption and nepotism of local government. However, the present study findings expected to provide useful guidelines to the concerned policy maker for ensuring sustainable disaster management in the coastal regions of Bangladesh.

Fairness in ambulance routing for post disaster management

Disaster management generally includes the post-disaster stage, which consists of the actions taken in response to the disaster damages. These actions include the employment of emergency plans and assigned resources to (i) rescue affected people immediately, (ii) deliver personnel, medical care and equipment to the disaster area, and (iii) aid to prevent the infrastructural and environmental losses. In the response phase, humanitarian logistics directly influence the efficiency of the relief operation. Ambulances routing problem is defined as employing the optimisation tools to manage the flow of ambulances for finding the best ambulance tours to transport the injured to hospitals. Researchers pointed out the importance of equity and fairness in humanitarian relief services: managing the operations of ambulances in the immediate aftermath of a disaster must be done impartially and efficiently to rescue affected people with different priority in accordance with the restrictions. Our research aim is to find the best ambulance tours to transport the patients during a disaster in relief operations while considering fairness and equity to deliver services to patients in balance. The problem is formulated as a new variant of the team orienteering problem with hierarchical objectives to address also the efficiency issue. Due to the limitation of solving the proposed model using a general-purpose solver, we propose a new hybrid algorithm based on a machine learning and neighbourhood search. Based on a new set of realistic benchmark instances, our quantitative analysis proves that our algorithm is capable to largely reduce the solution running time especially when the complexity of the problem increases. Further, a comparison between the fair solution and the system optimum solution is also provided.