Possibility Of Conflict Research Articles

Analysis Of Value Exchange Between Traditional Market Stakeholders (Case Study: Baleendah Traditional Market)

Baleendah traditional market is one of the market located in Bandung regency. Baleendah traditional market is managed by the government of the department of cooperatives and trade. Many buyers who shop at this traditional market with the aim of selling it back because the price is quite friendly, has complete different kinds of materials and stuffs and also has a good quality that is not inferior to other shopping places. The purpose of this study is to map the exchange of values between stakeholders in the traditional market Baleendah. As well as to find out the possibility of conflict among stakeholders. Based on the analysis conducted through observation and in-depth interviews, it can be seen that the flow of value exchange that occurs among the stakeholders in the traditional market Baleendah in the form of tangible values such as money, facilities, permits, etc. also intangible values such as trust, Knowledge, suggestions or criticism and so forth. And from the identification of exchange patterns that have been made, there are stakeholders who take advantage of losses from other stakeholders.

A Study on the Sidewalk-type Frontage Space of the Apartment Complex in Daegu City

The purpose of this study is to analyze the actual condition of the sidewalk-type frontage spaces of the apartment complex in Daegu and to find ways to improve them. As a result of the study, the followings are confirmed. The plans for the sidewalk-type frontage space are frequently carried out, but the concept is used without distinction from public pedestrian passage, and the public use right is secured passively. However, there is a risk of excessive infringement of property rights, and there is a possibility of conflict with the land owner in relation to public use rights. And it is also expected to be difficult to maintain because it is a private property. Therefore, this study proposes to divide the concept of the sidewalk-type frontage space and the public pedestrian passage, and to apply the regulations that match the characteristics of each. The local government should strengthen the establishment of public use rights in order to maintain its function, and the municipal ordinance should be amend so that compensation for contributed acceptance would be sufficient.

Population status and threats to fishing cat Prionailurus viverrinus (Bennett, 1833) in Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve, Eastern Nepal

Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve (KTWR) in eastern Terai of Nepal is believed to hold a relatively healthy population of vulnerable fishing cats but has remained unexplored. We conducted camera trapping and questionnaire survey in KTWR and its buffer zone in the winter of 2016 and 2017 to estimate the population status and threats to fishing cat Prionailurus viverrinus. Camera trapping was conducted in 2016 on fish farms in the eastern buffer zone where we found a minimum of nine fishing cat individuals visiting the surveyed fish ponds. The frequency of their visits to fish ponds varied 0–5 (average 2) nights during seven active camera trap nights. A survey in the second year (2017) covered the entire reserve. Spatially Explicit Capture-Recapture models estimated a population of 20 fishing cats with density of 8.4/100 km2 in KTWR and the eastern buffer zone. We interviewed 50 fish farmers to understand the people’s perceptions towards fishing cats. More than 40% of the respondents reported fishing cats consuming fish from their farm. Retaliation and road kills were documented as major threats of fishing cats in the study area. The population of the fishing cat is found dependent partially on fish ponds, indicating the possibility of conflict with fish farmers. We recommend the detailed study on the movement of fishing cats between the reserve and fish farming area in the buffer zone.

The effects of US–China competing strategies in Asia-Pacific on India and Pakistan rivalry in the South Asian region

This article primarily focuses on how the increasing US–China competing strategies in Asia-Pacific affect the policies of South Asian rivals India and Pakistan when, on the one hand, the US as part of its offshore balancing grand strategy has been increasing its strategic partnership with India through the transfer of emerging technologies in terms of military modernization process, and on the other hand, China and Pakistan have improved their geo-economic and geostrategic partnership as part of the Chinese grand strategy via the Belt and Road Initiative while enabling Pakistan to produce effective countermeasures against its potential adversary. The article presumes that, in doing so, such competing strategies frame a quadrangle setting comprising of US and India to deter and contain China on the one hand and China and Pakistan to produce countermeasures and try to create a balance to potentially prevent the risk of conflict in South Asia out of such competing strategies at the quadrangle order conceived here. However, in fact, neither the US nor rising China would desire such a possibility of conflict otherwise unintendedly occurring from the intense US–China competing strategies while affecting the policies of the South Asian rivals. The article concludes that the shaping of this quadrangle framework may bring both opportunities and challenges for the South Asian rivals. It also concludes that the more intense the competition between the US and China becomes, the more intense its implications could be on the South Asian rivals, while the reduced tension between China and the US, although unlikely, would have reduced pressure on India and Pakistan relations as well.

Government Reorganization in the ICT Sector: Analysis of Multi-Level Factors from the Case of South Korea

Governments around the world have invested agreatdealof time and energy to reform their administrative structures for increasing public officials’ efficiency in internal affairs and improving citizens’ satisfaction on public service. The literature on government reorganization, consisting mostly of in-depth case studies on the influential factors of government reorganization through a small-N sample of countries, has contributed to understanding the essence of government reorganization. This study raises its limitations and the necessity of follow-up studies examining the influential factors of demands and needs for government reorganization for diagnosis and prediction purposes through a large-N sample of individuals. In this vein, this study aims to perform logistic analysis to investigate the factors influencing the perceptions of survey respondents (i.e., the general public and government officials) on the need for government reorganization based on information and communications technology (ICT) in the Korean public sector. According to research findings, “possibility of conflict between security and smart work” and “urgency of responses to AI development” are associated with an increase in the perceived necessity to reorganize the ICT sector. On the other hand, “organizational amalgamation by integrating government-affiliated institutes” and “policy direction in the mobile era” are associated with a decrease in the perceived necessity to reorganize the ICT sector. These research findings suggest that scholars and practitioners need to consider multi-level factors of government reorganization when they conceive, design, adopt, and implement the restructuring of ICT-sector agencies.

Preferences for community benefits for offshore wind development projects: A case study of the Outer Banks of North Carolina, U.S.

ABSTRACT As offshore wind energy development gains a foothold, the possibility of conflict between local communities and developers may become increasingly common. Coastal communities within the viewshed or hosting transmission cables may fear several impacts but few benefits. Community benefits, provided through the wind farm developer, may help garner local support in communities in close proximity to a wind farm project. This research focused on the first offshore wind energy lease off the coastline of North Carolina, U.S. This study utilized semi-structured interviews to understand how key informants think of a proposed offshore wind farm in the context of community benefits. Findings reveal that key informants are skeptical of direct benefits like local employment, though optimistic about indirect, regional benefits, like economic development. The majority of key informants were interested in a community fund that would be administered by the local government or a trusted local organization. This study provides an initial assessment of perspectives on community benefits in the context of offshore wind development and makes recommendations on how to incorporate community benefits into the offshore wind development process. Furthermore, we emphasize the importance of additional research into this topic.

Quase famosas (?): As ariranhas como espécie carismática no turismo

O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar a condição da ariranha (Pteronura brasiliensis) como espécie carismática no turismo do Pantanal Norte-MT a partir da sua representação midiática e da percepção de turistas sobre a espécie. A partir da metodologia de Análise de Conteúdo e de abordagem teórica interdisciplinar, analisamos a representação desses animais em documentários televisivos sobre o Pantanal. Tais evidências foram articuladas com dados obtidos em uma pesquisa de campo, na qual foram utilizadas técnicas etnográficas baseadas no referencial teórico da etnografia multiespécies. Concluímos que as ariranhas são representadas de forma positiva na mídia, mas que ainda se encontram em fragilidade quando se trata de sua participação em atividades turísticas, especialmente diante da possibilidade de conflitos com humanos.

Uticaj nacionalne kulture na rad na daljinu

With globalization and the emergence of a growing number of international companies, the influence of national culture on various aspects of human life in management has become particularly important in recent decades in modern business. Due to the encounter of different cultures from all over the world, it is impossible to avoid the influence of these cultural differences and the possibility of conflicts is great, so modern leaders and managers try to find good techniques of proper management of different people using knowledge of national culture. Any form of conflict, even constructive conflicts, can have a negative impact on the work performance of employees, and in international companies a large number of conflicts is a direct consequence of a lack of understanding of national culture. Teleworking and flexible forms of work are the result of the technological revolution and globalization. Although insufficiently researched form of work, it is gaining more and more attention of the authors. Managers face new challenges in managing employees working remotely, especially in multinational and multiethnic environments of international companies, so it is important to explore aspects that affect their work performance.

“Бесконфликтная Арктика”: Pro et Contra

Analyzing the increasing tension in the world and the Trans-Arctic (the transnational political space of the Arctic), the author emphasizes the presence of a “dormant conflict gene” in the region and the need for Russia to take it into account when implementing its chairmanship in the Arctic Council (2021-2023). Not accepting the opinions that existed over the past decade about the Arctic as a “conflict-free region”’, the author identifies a range of threats fraught with the awakening of the “conflict gene”. Since the Trans-Arctic is a subsystem of global interstate relations with their crises and conflicts, the author considers the laws of its development and functioning through the foreign policy activities of states, which crucially determine whether the possibility of conflict will be realized or not. The increased military and strategic attention to the region by the USA and NATO, the revision of the regional strategies by other Arctic countries, as well as the expanding presence of non-regional countries in the Arctic, together reflect the growing conflict potential of the Trans-Arctic. The author explains why saying that the region in the XXI century remains free from military confrontation means wishful thinking. Criticizing the view of the Arctic through “rose-colored glasses” that soften the landscape of the hybrid war platz in the Arctic, the author recalls her interviews with the commander-in-Chief of the Joint Armed Forces of the Warsaw Pact Member States, Marshal of the Soviet Union Viktor G. Kulikov. Analyzing the “dormant conflict gene” in the Arctic, it is important to remember that the Trans-Arctic is a virtual bond of two other transnational political spaces, known as Trans-Atlantic, Trans-Pacific. Special attention is paid to the “dormant conflict gene” in the Trans-Arctic in the context of Washington-led NATO, which in 2009 declared the Arctic a strategically important region, requiring a rethinking of NATO's military doctrine, taking into account the geopolitical realities of the XXI century. The paper uses the case-study methodology, a systematic approach, discourse analysis, the author's 15-year journalistic baggage of VIP interviews and her own observations on the “fields” of international forums.

Contemporary gender context: novelties, perspectives, discussions

The current development of gender issues is characterized by many discussions. Among the issues discussed the most, of course,are: preventing and combating discrimination against women belonging to vulnerable groups, gender-based violence and its relationshipto the social role of the individual, beating gender stereotypes, constructing gender equality, access to justice, and recent eventsrelated to the Biarritz Partnership.
 It should be noted that freedom, equality, honor, dignity is the best “guidelines” of the democratic status of an individual in mo -dern society. Legal criteria indicating the content of these categories, their completeness and development, in accordance with Europeanstandards, should be the focus and matter of honor for legal scholars and practitioners. And this leads to the successful polylogue of thestate, civil society and an individual. The construction of gender equality is determined by the state of human rights protection, and genderrights are no exception.The nature of law and human nature have always been and now are of interest, being discussed in philosophy, politics, sociologyand legal doctrine. Today, these discussions are widespread in civil society.High-quality, detailed study of the gender aspect in legal regulation, improvement of means and mechanisms to intensify genderrelations, their adequate use in the legal field will give opportunities for improving the effectiveness of regulatory influence on civilsociety and will reach a new level of legal form. In Ukrainian legislation, gender relations are regulated by constitutional norms, normsof a sectoral nature, a special law and by-laws.This provides an opportunity to speak about the system of laws governing gender relations. It is also legitimate to state that theselaws take a certain place in the system of national legislation and of international law. This leads to the conclusion about the possibilityof conflicts in law and the need to develop ways to overcome them.In this context, one should draw attention t to the Biarritz Partnership, which was launched by the leaders of the G7 at the summitin Biarritz on 25 August 2019 under the lead of French President Emmanuel Macron.Ukraine obtained the status of a member of the Biarritz Partnership, the international initiative of equal rights and opportunities.This accession was initiated by the First Lady in December 2019. It has been repeatedly emphasized that this is another step towardsequality in a broad sense, regardless of gender, age, culture, or mental differences. Ukrainian authorities have undertaken obligationsin five areas:– developing barrier-free public space, friendly to families with children and low-mobility groups;– teaching the principles of equality between women and men to children;– preventing violence;– reducing the pay gap between women and men;– creating more opportunities for men to care for children.

Conflict within tri hita karana’s fields: A conceptual review

The study on Tri Hita Karana mostly focuses on the application of the concept in particular area. Its lack of conjectural discussion opens opportunities for further research. Specifically, conflict is infrequently embraced, despite the fact that dispute is inevitably part of another Balinese balance concept, namely, rwa bhineda. This paper aims to draft a discourse of THK within the standpoint of cultural sociology by tailoring several concepts to identify the raise and possibility of conflict in Balinese social systems. Thence, the paper first reviews THK literatures to examine research conceptions on THK within Balinese customs. Second, the paper proposes extended THK framework to illustrate how conflict can emerge in Balinese practices and explain further understanding of interrelation of THK’s worlds. This paper highlights how the THK can be seen from cultural sociology perspectives to frame the dynamic of Balinese traditions within the contestation of spiritual, nature, and human fields. This study shows that capital play important roles on the Balinese life balance. Capital determines the positions, statuses, competitions, and hence symbolic values of agents in the fields. The paper advocates future theory developments to construct on different framework of THK to better describe the Balinese transitions toward modern cultures.

GEOPOLITICS OF IRAN ACCORDING TO THE THEORY OF GEOGRAPHICAL BUFFER SPACES

With the occupation of India by one of the global powers namely Britain (1770), and its territorial expansion toward the West and Iran’s borders, Russia (the other global power) started to expansionism and move toward Indian Ocean and Iran’s north borders from the first of 19th century (1804-1813/ 1826/1828). Britain from East and South and Russia from North intruded on Iran’s borders, and buffered Iran and Afghanistan in order to not to collide with each other. In the rivalry pattern of buffered states, their geographic spaces should be separate. Low power geographic space is required between the powers. Geopolitical boundaries of these two powers should not contact because in such a case, the possibility of conflict can arise. So, the buffer space takes the form of vacuum space between the buffered powers.The research main question is that what are the nature, functions, characteristics and political behavior of geographic buffer space? Which geographic values and functions cause buffer space act as a buffer space and attract great powers?In this research, a new definition of buffer space is presented, and the process of formation of buffers (the whys and wherefores), functions and characteristics of buffers in two internal and external dimensions are investigated. Then, the validity of the variables is investigated using library and field findings, and is used in the process of evaluation of internal and external experts. The results are analyzed using statistical methods and SPSS. Finally, these variables are evaluated in the context of Iran.The research findings show that the pattern of geopolitical rivalry of great powers has been reflected in Iran’s space in the last two centuries, namely not only foreign relations, but also Iran’s internal political situation are reflections of the pattern of rivalry of great powers resulted from Iran’s buffer situation. The behavior of Iranian politicians and people have been affected by the behavior of buffered powers. This situation has caused some behaviors to be created like xenophobia, lack of trust in politicians, de-utilization etc. The buffer space cannot make decision without considering the interests of buffered states. In the buffer space, all of the political phenomenon are the reflection of buffered space.

The Antarctic Treaty System and the peaceful governance of Antarctica: the role of the ATS in promoting peace at the margins of the world

ABSTRACT Antarctica is celebrated by the international community as a continent exclusively for peace and science. Since its inception in 1959 the Antarctic governance regime, the Antarctic Treaty System (ATS), has provided stable and enduring governance of the region and has played a critical role in the development of peaceful norms between states in Antarctic affairs. Specifically, the Antarctic Treaty prohibits measures of a military nature, bans the testing of any type of weapon in the Antarctic, allows for open-access and inspection of all facilities, and essentially freezes the contentious issue of territorial claims and sovereignty. These measures are widely believed to have contributed to the continent remaining free from violent armed conflict between states in, or because of, Antarctica. Despite the emphasis placed on the concepts of ‘peace’ and ‘peaceful purposes’ in Antarctic affairs, there has been little attention afforded to defining these terms, and thus the idea of peace is conceptualised exclusively in its negative form; the absence of conflict. This paper argues that an expanded definition of peace to include positive peace is useful when evaluating the successes and limitations of the ATS in promoting peace in the Antarctic. While the possibility of conflict in the Antarctic in the near future remains remote, this paper goes on to identify several potential threats to peace which could undermine the stability of the ATS, which could prompt future scholarship on how the ATS could be developed to promote robust, positive and lasting peace in the Antarctic.

The Sustainable Groundwater Management Act and the Common Law of Groundwater Rights—Finding a Consistent Path Forward for Groundwater Allocation

Author(s): Garner, Eric; McGlothlin, Russell; Szeptycki, Leon; Babbitt, Christina; Kincaid, Valerie | Abstract: In 2014, the California State Legislature enacted the Sustainable Groundwater Management Act (SGMA), which requires the formation of new local agencies, known as Groundwater Sustainability Agencies (GSAs), to sustainably manage groundwater basins throughout the state. The statute represents the first statewide framework for groundwater management in California. Among other tasks, GSAs, especially those in overdrafted basins, will have to allocate available water among users and set up systems to hold pumpers to their allocated limit. However, SGMA did not change the longstanding framework of groundwater pumping rights established by California courts. This sets up the possibility of conflict between groundwater allocation plans adopted by GSAs and water rights.This Article analyzes the relationship between SGMA and water rights under the common law. It identifies a path for GSAs to allocate groundwater and limit pumping in a manner best situated to sustain judicial scrutiny. We examine how the common law defines water right priorities for groundwater pumping allocations, as well as areas where the common law provides flexibility. This flexibility allows for creativity in arriving at allocations that fit stakeholders’ goals for both sustainable and smart water management. We seek to help GSAs reduce the risk of litigation and increase the likelihood their Groundwater Sustainability Plan (GSP) will survive litigation, without judicial modification. There are considerable measures GSAs can take to manage their litigation risk and enhance the durability of their GSPs, including making groundwater allocations in their GSPs consistent with the principles of water rights and seeking consensus among affected stakeholders. We also seek to provide a framework for courts to work out the appropriate relationship between SGMA and the common law of water rights when litigation occurs.

US-CHINA RIVALRY FOR GLOBAL HEGEMONY

This article describes the competition between China and the USA for global hegemony. Both states have hegemonic ambitions and compete with each other over the domination of Asia. The rise of China has transformed global politics, as well as the balance of the global economy. As China’s economic and military power increases steadily, its geopolitical ambitions are also constantly growing. Some experts do not exclude the possibility of conflict between China and the USA in the future. There are many potential hot spots in East Asia where conflict could erupt at any time in the future between the USA and China. Many experts doubt whether the USA and China can escape Thucydides’ Trap in the future.

Pflichtenkollision bei Achenwall/Pütter

In § 116 of Achenwall/Pütter Elementa Iuris Naturae the following possibilities of conflicts of duties are listed: “There can be a conflict 1. of prohibiting laws with each other, 2. of prescribing laws with each other, 3. of prescribing laws with prohibiting laws.” It will be examined in this article, whether the three theses can be made plausible by examples, and especially, whether thesis No. 1 is convincing in relation to the idea that perfect duties (or prohibiting laws) cannot come into conflict with each other. Fur­thermore the thesis of Immanuel Kant in his Metaphysics of Morals will be discussed, that there is no conflict of duties at all, but only a “contradiction of reasons of binding­ness”. Finally, the argument of Achenwall/Pütter, that the well known duty “bring your­self to perfection!” (Latin: “perfice te!”) may come into conflict with duties in respect to others, and that an argument for a right to act against others in cases of necessity can be given in this context (cf. Achenwall/Pütter, §§ 118, 205, 296).

MORALITAS UNDANG-UNDANG: KAJIAN FILOSOFIS TERHADAP UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 17 TAHUN 2014 TENTANG MPR, DPR, DPD DAN DPRD (MD3)

Artikel ini merupakan studi filsafat hukum dengan menggunakan pendekatan filosofis ketika melakukan analisis yuridis. Artikel ini mengkritisi proses pembentukan Undang-Undang No. 17 Tahun 2014 tentang Majelis Permusyawaran Rakyat, Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat, Dewan Perwakilan Daerah dan Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah dan hasilnya dengan mempertanyakan komitmen pembentuknya pada moralitas. Moralitas tersebut melarang terjadinya conflict of interest dalam menetapkan undang-undang. UU No. 17 Tahun 2014 menjadi objek kritisisme karena gagal dalam memenuhi tes moralitas untuk disebut sebagai hukum. Artikel ini selanjutnya berargumen bahwa setiap undang-undang harus dapat dibenarkan dari titik berdiri moralitas. Jika pembentuk undang-undang tidak mampu memenuhi tuntutan tersebut maka undang-undangnya akan diberi label sebagai undang-undang yang buruk.

To be or not to be vaccinated? That is the question among Italian healthcare workers: a medico-legal perspective.

Vaccines are among the greatest medical and scientific achievements of the modern age. In this context, this article provides a medico-legal perspective on vaccinations among healthcare workers. The use of vaccines involves various issues, such as the possibility of side effects, which has led to fairly widespread suspicion and rejection, especially for vaccinations in the early years of life. Vaccine use also raises various ethical and legal problems, such as animal experimentation, obtaining informed consent, and the possibility of conflicts between individual rights and collective rights. Vaccinations is a key concept in the theme of life care, which is at the center of bioethical debate, but it also exacerbates the conflict between the good of the individual versus the good of the community. However, vaccination of healthcare workers represents a crucial measure of infection control within healthcare facilities.

Can remittances buy peace?

AbstractThis paper offers new empirical evidence on the effects of remittance flows on conflict incidence, onset, and duration in recipient countries. It improves on previous studies by controlling for unobserved heterogeneity among remittance recipient countries, serial correlation of conflict, and the possibility of conflict being endogenous to remittances. To motivate the empirical findings, a micro‐founded model of conflict is developed. The model shows that wealth transfers (such as remittances) can raise the opportunity cost of participation in conflicts which can lead to a reduction in both the number of rebels and the force used by the government forces.

Conflict and communication: managing the multiple affordances of take-home naloxone administration events in Australia

Opioid overdose is a growing issue in Australia. Programs to provide opioid consumers with ‘take-home’ naloxone to reverse overdose exist internationally and in some Australian cities, but uptake remains inconsistent. As an opioid antagonist, naloxone has the capacity to stimulate distressing withdrawal symptoms. These sensations are shaped by complex factors – including the quantity and intervals of naloxone administration – and can contribute to conflict during, and immediately following, revival. This possibility of conflict is thought to negatively affect willingness to use naloxone. Researchers have not yet analysed this conflict in detail nor considered the potential positive social interactions that can occur in the context of take-home naloxone administration. We draw on interviews conducted as part of a broader Australian study of the use of take-home naloxone by people who consume opioids (or ‘peer administration’) to identify accounts of both conflict and appreciation. Additionally, we analyse the strategies people administering naloxone use to manage and avert potential conflict. Drawing on Science and Technologies Studies, we conceptualise take-home naloxone as a technology that takes shape in practice with effects that are produced through specific practices during particular administration events. Focussing primarily on titration and communication, we argue that those administering naloxone actively manage the potential for conflict during administration. We conclude that if efforts to increase the uptake of take-home naloxone highlight these strategies they have the potential to improve administration experiences and the reputation of take-home naloxone and, in the process, help challenge the stigma faced by people who consume opioids.