Positive Suicide Ideation Research Articles

Factors Associated with Suicidal Ideation in Last-course High School Students Facing the University Entrance Test in Spain

Suicidal ideation has been associated in different studies with emotional disturbances, including anxiety, depressive symptoms and burnout. At the moment, there are not many studies that have explored this association in students who face the university entrance examination in Spain. In this research, our main objective was to explore the association between positive suicidal ideation and anxiety, depressive symptoms and burnout in students who were taking these tests. The study involved 402 last-course high school students who were taking the assessment tests in Granada (Spain), aged between 17 and 24. All of them answered to a survey containing sociodemographic variables, the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), the Zung’s Self-Rating Depression Scale, the one-dimensional scale of Student Burnout and the Positive and Negative Suicidal Ideation Inventory. The results obtained indicate a clear and sig-nificant correlation between positive suicidal ideation, anxiety, depressive symptoms and burnout. Of these three variables, the one that best predicts the presence of suicidal ideation is depressive symptoms. Knowing the presence of emotional disturbances and dysfunctional states in these students is important in preventing and intervening in this ideation in students.

Suicide Screening, Risk Assessment, and Lethal Means Counseling During Zero Suicide Implementation.

The authors measured implementation of Zero Suicide (ZS) clinical practices that support identification of suicide risk and risk mitigation, including screening, risk assessment, and lethal means counseling, across mental health specialty and primary care settings. Six health care systems in California, Colorado, Michigan, Oregon, and Washington participated. The sample included members ages ≥13 years from 2010 to 2019 (N=7,820,524 patients). The proportions of patients with suicidal ideation screening, suicide risk assessment, and lethal means counseling were estimated. In 2019, patients were screened for suicidal ideation in 27.1% (range 5.0%-85.0%) of mental health visits and 2.5% (range 0.1%-35.0%) of primary care visits among a racially and ethnically diverse sample (44.9% White, 27.2% Hispanic, 13.4% Asian, and 7.7% Black). More patients screened positive for suicidal ideation in the mental health setting (10.2%) than in the primary care setting (3.8%). Of the patients screening positive for suicidal ideation in the mental health setting, 76.8% received a risk assessment, and 82.4% of those identified as being at high risk received lethal means counseling, compared with 43.2% and 82.4%, respectively, in primary care. Six health systems that implemented ZS showed a high level of variation in the proportions of patients receiving suicide screening and risk assessment and lethal means counseling. Two opportunities emerged for further study to increase frequency of these practices: expanding screening beyond patients with regular health care visits and implementing risk assessment with lethal means counseling in the primary care setting directly after a positive suicidal ideation screening.

Burnout and positive suicidal ideation in high school students before university admittance selective examinations

Background: As in any important exam, selective assessment tests for access to university in Spain are associated with emotional distress, depressive symptoms, and burnout, among other negative aspects in the students who face them. In the present study, we propose to explore the presence of burnout and suicidal ideation in students who take these exams. Methods: For this purpose, we worked with a sample of 872 students aged from 17 to 24 of the last course of high school who were going to take the university access evaluation test in Spain. Of them, 476 (55%) were assessed three months before the test, and 390 (45%) were assessed on the days of the examination. Results: Our results showed significant levels of burnout in these students as well as positive suicidal ideation. Furthermore, higher levels of burnout are associated with higher levels of suicidal ideation in the participants, having found that the students could present suicidal ideation months before taking the test. Conclusions: Our results are novel and highly relevant, bearing in mind that these aspects had not received much attention in our national context, where the selective test is an indispensable requirement for access to university.

Comorbidity of migraine and fibromyalgia in patients with cluster headache: psychological burden and healthcare resource utilization. A cross-sectional study

The aim was to describe the comorbidity and impact of fibromyalgia and/or migraine on patients with cluster headache. Comorbid diseases can exacerbate the physical and psychological burden experienced by patients. The comorbidities of cluster headache have been scarcely investigated, with the exception of migraine, which is well-known to coexist with cluster headache. In contrast, the comorbidity of migraine and fibromyalgia has been well investigated and firmly established. An internet survey was uploaded to the webpage of a cluster headache patient association. The survey collected sociodemographic and clinical data, and patients completed questionnaires that assessed depression, sleep quality, health-related quality of life, and health care resource utilization (HCRU) over the preceding six months. Differences in total depression, sleep quality, and health-related quality of life scores among the groups were analyzed with the Kruskal-Wallis test, and differences in HCRU were analyzed with the chi-square test. Ninety-one patients with cluster headache participated in the survey; 39 (42.9%) experienced only cluster headache, 15 (16.5%) experienced cluster headache and migraine, 10 (11%) experienced cluster headache and fibromyalgia, and 27 (29.7%) experienced cluster headache with comorbid fibromyalgia and migraine. Moderate depression scores and positive suicidal ideation were found across all subgroups. Sleep quality and health-related quality of life were consistently poor across the different subgroups, with the cluster headache with comorbid fibromyalgia and migraine subgroup showing significantly lower scores. Heavy use of health care resources was observed across all subgroups, with no notable differences among them. The comorbidity of cluster headache with fibromyalgia and/or migraine does not seem to be infrequent. This comorbidity substantially increases the psychosocial burden experienced by patients and decreases their overall quality of life.

A Pathway to Healing : Exploring the Role of Spirituality as a Predictor of Suicidal Ideation

Suicidal ideation, the contemplation of ending one's life, represents a complex and multifaceted public health concern with far-reaching implications for individuals, families, and society as a whole. It is a leading cause of death worldwide. Spirituality encompasses a wide range of beliefs, practices, and experiences related to the transcendent, sacred, or divine. This study aims at evaluating Spirituality as a prognostic factor for suicidal ideation using Correlation and Regression. Data was collected using Positive and Negative Suicidal Ideation (PANSI) and Spirituality Scale with a sample of N=301. Results revealed that n levels of spirituality - Self discovery, Eco awareness and relationships - has a significant positive correlation with Positive Suicidal ideation and a significant negative correlation with negative suicidal ideation. It was also found that there is a 23% prediction level between spirituality and Negative suicidal ideation with an accuracy level of 99.999%. Therefore, it was concluded that spirituality is a prognostic factor for suicidal ideation and that an increase in spirituality can reduce the risk levels of an individual for engaging in suicidal behaviours.

A STUDY ON ADVERSE CHILDHOOD EXPERIENCES, SUICIDAL IDEATION AND SELF REGULATION AMONG YOUNG ADULTS

The present study investigated the relationship between adverse childhood experiences, suicidal ideation, and selfregulation. This study also attempts to study the gender differences in adverse childhood experiences, suicidal ideation and self-regulation that exist among young adults. The participants responded to the scales for adverse childhood experiences, suicidal ideation, and self-regulation (N=200).The results indicate that there is no significant relationship between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Positive Suicidal Ideation. There is a significant relationship between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Negative Suicidal Ideation, between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Self Regulation, between Suicidal Ideation and Self-Regulation. The findings also indicates that there is no significant difference in adverse childhood experiences, suicidal ideation and self-regulation among young adults based on gender.

An Exploration of Spirituality, Religion, and Suicidal Ideation Among Colombian Adolescents.

This study seeks to know if there is a relationship between measures of suicidal ideation and cognitive orientation towards spirituality, religious attitudes and beliefs, and religious practice. A non-experimental, descriptive, and correlational design, cross-sectional and quantitative approach was used. The sample was made up of 1372 adolescents, 59.2% female, 40.8% male, mean age 14.57, s = 1.75, range 12-17years old, students from public schools in two cities in Colombia. The results indicated an inverse relationship between negative suicidal ideation (NSI) and cognitive orientation towards spirituality, beliefs and attitudes, and religious practice, and a positive relationship between them and positive suicidal ideation. The regression analysis showed the contribution of spirituality, religious beliefs, and attitudes in the prediction of NSI. In conclusion, the dimensions of spirituality and religiosity can help reduce suicidal thinking, acting as protective factors. The cultivation of a spiritual and/or religious life can be suitable and complementary ways as measures of prevention of suicidal behaviour.

The factor structure and psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Positive and Negative Suicide Ideation Inventory (PANSI-C) in a non-clinical sample of Chinese adolescents

BackgroundsThe Positive and Negative Suicide Ideation (PANSI) Inventory is a widely used self-report questionnaire which is designed to comprehensively evaluate the protective factors and negative risk factors associated with suicidal behaviors among adolescents. The present study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties and measurement invariance of the Chinese version of the PANSI in a non-clinical sample of Chinese adolescents.MethodsParticipants (N = 1198) were Chinese middle school students aged 11–17 years (44.8% boys and 51.9% girls, 3.3% missing values) in Guizhou Province. All participants completed the Chinese version of the Positive and Negative Suicide Ideation Inventory (PANSI-C), the Rosenberg self-esteem scale (RSE), and the suicide probability scale (SPS). Cronbach’s alpha coefficients, confirmatory factor analysis, Pearson’s correlations, and multigroup confirmatory factor analysis tests were conducted thereafter.ResultsThe results showed that the Cronbach’s alpha coefficients for the two subscales of the PANSI-positive suicide ideation and the PANSI-negative suicide ideation were .696 and .915, respectively. The confirmatory factor analysis supported the fit of the two-factor model as the best fitting model [Chi-square goodness of fit = 703.859, p < .001, degrees of freedom = 76, comparative fit index = .919, Tucker–Lewis index = .903, standardized root mean square residual = .047, root mean square error of approximation (90% CI) = .083 (.077, .089)]. Positive suicide ideation had negative correlations with the SPS and positive correlations with the RSE, whereas the negative suicide ideation had positive correlations with the SPS and negative correlations with the RSE. All correlations were statistically significant (p < .001), demonstrating the criterion validity of the PANSI-C. Moreover, the strict measurement invariance of the PANSI-C was supported across gender, single-parent and non-single-parent households groups, and the strong measurement invariance was supported across age.LimitationsThe feasibility of this study is limited to Chinese normal adolescents and lack of clinical samples.ConclusionEmpirical support for the reliability and validity of the PANSI-C was found. The PANSI-C instrument is found to be useful in assessing positive and negative suicide ideation in Chinese normal adolescents.

Marital Adjustment in Patients with Cancer: Association with Psychological Distress, Quality of Life, and Sleep Problems.

Marital adjustment plays a key role in the physical and psychosocial wellbeing. We conducted a cross-sectional study to evaluate marital adjustment and its association with psychological distress, suicidal ideation, sleep problems, and quality of life in patients with cancer. We collected demographic and clinical information using a structured survey. We assessed marital adjustment, quality of life, psychological distress profile, and sleep problems of participants using validated instruments: the Locke and Wallace Marital Adjustment Test (LWMAT), the Short-Form Health Survey-12, the Beck’s Depression Inventory (BDI), the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). Suicidal ideation was assessed with item nine of the BDI. Of the 130 patients (52.3% females, mean age 57.9 ± 12.4 years) enrolled, 20 (15%) were classified as experiencing poor marital adjustment. Moderate to severe depression, anxiety, and insomnia were found in 25.4%, 34.6%, and 24.7% of participants, respectively. Positive suicidal ideation was documented in 13.8% of participants. We found a significant association between poor marital adjustment and depression, anxiety, suicidal ideation, and poor sleep. Our study confirms the relevance of marital adjustment in relation to the psychological wellbeing of patients with cancer. Depression, anxiety, and poor sleep were found to be significantly associated with poor marital adjustment.

Psychache, unmet interpersonal needs, childhood trauma and suicide ideation in young adults

This 5-month, 2-wave study evaluated the mediating effects of psychache and unmet interpersonal needs on the relationship between childhood trauma and suicide ideation in 208 young adults, controlling for depression. Path analysis demonstrated that changes in depression, perceived burdensomeness, and thwarted belongingness mediated the relationship between childhood trauma and changes in positive suicide ideation, and that changes in depression and perceived burdensomeness mediated the relationship between childhood trauma and changes in negative suicide ideation. Results indicated the importance of assessing interpersonal needs, in addition to depression, for understanding the mechanism linking childhood trauma to suicide ideation in young adults.

Adolescent Suicide Ideation, Depression and Self-Esteem: Relationships to a New Measure of Gender Role Conflict.

Among 15–24 year olds in Ireland, completed suicide was responsible for 4.1 times more male deaths than female deaths in 2014 (World Health Organization [WHO], 2017). Few international research studies have investigated the relationship between masculinity [as assessed by a measure of gender role conflict (GRC)] and suicide ideation, and none have done so with Irish adolescents. Therefore, the purpose of the current study was to investigate the relationships between a new measure of GRC developed specifically for use with Irish adolescents (I-GRCS-A; O’Beaglaoich et al., 2016), and depression, self-esteem, and negative/protective suicide ideation. A sample of 176 adolescent boys (M = 16.9, SD = 0.94) from a non-clinical population participated in the study. Regression analyses and tests of mediation revealed that depression significantly mediated the relationship between GRC and negative suicide ideation, whilst self-esteem and depression significantly mediated the relationship between GRC and positive suicide ideation. Implications and limitations of the current study are outlined and directions for future research are discussed.

Propiedades psicométricas del inventario de ideación suicida positiva y negativa PANSI

&lt;p&gt;La conducta suicida como problemática de salud mental requiere de un manejo con herramientas precisas de evaluación, particularmente en la ideación suicida. Se llevó a cabo un estudio instrumental para establecer las propiedades psicométricas del Inventario de Ideación Suicida Positiva y Negativa (PANSI) en una muestra de 1318 estudiantes voluntarios entre 13 y 19 años, que cursaban entre octavo y undécimo grado en tres ciudades colombianas. Los&lt;br /&gt;análisis factoriales exploratorio y confirmatorio mostraron la estructura teórica esperada y se obtuvo un ajuste favorable de los ítems según el modelo de Rasch (excepto el ítem 4). Además, los resultados de consistencia interna fueron ? = .77 para la Ideación Suicida Positiva y ? = .89 para la Ideación Suicida Negativa. Nuestros datos indican que el PANSI es un instrumento con evidencias de constructo y consistencia interna para el objetivo y contexto para el que fue elaborado, por lo que proponemos un PANSI final de 13 ítems útil en población adolescente capaz de identificar las dos dimensiones de la ideación suicida.&lt;/p&gt;

Predictive role of risk and protective factors before and after suicide intervention therapy

While research has increasingly identified risk factors and protective factors, there has been little research into the impact and predictability of these before and after engaging in a therapeutic intervention. This research addressed this by inviting clients attending a suicide intervention charity to complete questionnaires pre- and post-therapy. Items from the Positive and Negative Suicide Inventory were administered by a therapist before therapy had begun, and by an independent researcher one month after therapy had been completed (n = 147). Lower levels of Negative Suicidal Ideation (desire to die) and higher levels of Positive Suicidal Ideation (desire to live) were reported post-therapy. Analysis on protective factors identified three significant differences pre-therapy. The greatest predictor of positive ideation was more frequent physical activity. There were no differences post-therapy. For risk factors, there were five significant differences pre-therapy, with having a plan to die by suicide t...

Developing the Pieta House Suicide Intervention Model: a quasi-experimental, repeated measures design.

BackgroundWhile most crisis intervention models adhere to a generalised theoretical framework, the lack of clarity around how these should be enacted has resulted in a proliferation of models, most of which have little to no empirical support. The primary aim of this research was to propose a suicide intervention model that would resolve the client’s suicidal crisis by decreasing their suicidal ideation and improve their outlook through enhancing a range of protective factors. The secondary aim was to assess the impact of this model on negative and positive outlook.MethodsA quasi-experimental, pre-test post-test repeated measures design was employed. A questionnaire assessing self-esteem, depression, and positive and negative suicidal ideation was administered to the same participants pre- and post- therapy facilitating paired responses.ResultsMultiple analysis of variance and paired-samples t-tests were conducted to establish whether therapy using the PH-SIM had a significant effect on the clients’ negative and positive outlook. Analyses revealed a statistically significant effect of therapy for depression, negative suicidal ideation, self-esteem, and positive suicidal ideation. Negative outlook was significantly lower after therapy and positive outlook significantly higher.ConclusionsThe decreased negative outlook and increased positive outlook following therapy provide some support for the proposed model in fulfilling its role, though additional research is required to establish the precise role of the intervention model in achieving this.

Primary care clinician responses to positive suicidal ideation risk assessments in veterans of Iraq and Afghanistan

ObjectiveTo examine primary care clinician actions following positive suicide risk assessments administered to Operation Enduring Freedom/Operation Iraqi Freedom (OEF/OIF) veterans. MethodsWe identified OEF/OIF veterans with positive templated suicide risk assessments administered in primary care settings of three Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Centers. National VA datasets and manual record review were used to identify and code clinician discussions and actions following positive assessments. Bivariate analyses were used to examine relationships between patient characteristics and discussions of firearms access and alcohol/drug use. ResultsPrimary care clinicians documented awareness of suicide risk assessment results for 157 of 199 (79%) patients with positive assessments. Most patients were assessed for mental health conditions and referred for mental health follow-up. Clinicians documented discussions about firearms access for only 15% of patients. Among patients whose clinicians assessed for substance abuse, 34% received recommendations to reduce alcohol or drug use. Depression diagnoses and suicidal ideation/behavior severity were significantly associated with firearms access discussions, while patient sex, military service branch, and substance abuse diagnoses were significantly associated with recommendations to reduce substance use. ConclusionGreater efforts are needed to understand barriers to clinicians' assessing, documenting and counseling once suicidal ideation is detected, and to develop training programs and systems changes to address these barriers.

Repeated suicide attempts among suicidal cases: Outcome of one‐year follow‐up

AbstractIntroductionTo assess the mortality rates and risk factors involved in repeated suicide attempts.MethodsPatients with a record of suicidal attempts were recruited from the emergency department of a medical center in Taiwan from August 2004 to July 2006. Their conditions were prospectively monitored for 12 months. The suicidal intention of the patients was ascertained using structured interview questions while their psychiatric diagnosis and depressive symptoms were assessed through the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview and Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression.ResultsA total of 46 males and 99 females were recruited and 70% (n = 102) of them were successfully monitored for one year. Among them, 38.2% had repeated suicide attempt(s) and 3.4% died as a result of suicide. Severe depression, aggression and positive suicide ideation were significantly associated with the repeated suicide attempts. Pessimistic repeaters had more previous suicide attempt(s) than the others.Conclusion A higher rate of repeated suicide attempts and mortality rates were found among suicide attempters from the one‐year outcome. Repeated suicide attempts increased the risk of mortality while persevering suicide thoughts and previous suicide attempts were risks for repeated suicidal behavior.

Suicide Ideation in Adolescent South Africans: The Role of Gender and Coping Strategies

With an increasing number of studies showing a rise in adolescent suicidal behaviour and a wealth of literature concerning adolescent coping strategies, this study examined both these issues within a South African context. The interplay between social, political, and economic factors in South Africa, with its history of apartheid, must impact upon the lives of adolescents living in this country and play a role in stress, depression, and feelings of hopelessness, helplessness, and possible suicidal ideation. The objectives of the study were to determine the coping strategies exhibited by a South African sample of adolescents, the relationship between these coping strategies and suicidal ideation, and to investigate whether gender had any influence on this relationship. This study therefore aimed to get a better understanding of the relationship between the variables: suicidal ideation, coping strategy, and gender. Such research is important in learning to understand how adolescents cope, in order for caregivers and professionals in the field to be able to identify potential suicide ideators through their behaviours and coping strategies. A sample of 161 adolescents in grade eleven completed a demographic questionnaire, the Positive and Negative Suicidal Ideation Scale (PANSI), and The Coping Across Situations Questionnaire (CASQ). The findings indicated the majority of the sample (51 %) had a positive outlook on life, feeling optimistic about the future most or a good part of the time. Further results showed that males and females followed the same pattern of coping by scoring highest on the functional coping strategies and lowest on the dysfunctional one. There was a significant difference between males and females on each coping strategy, with females scoring higher than males in each case. Correlation studies indicated a positive significant relationship between active coping (functional coping strategy) and positive suicidal ideation scores (positive outlook on life) and between withdrawal (dysfunctional coping strategy) and negative suicidal ideation scores (negative outlook on life). Results for each gender differed, with the female sub-sample revealing significant correlations between functional coping strategies and positive suicidal ideation scores, while the only significant correlation found within the male sub-sample was between the dysfunctional coping strategy and negative suicidal ideation scores.

Correlates of suicidal ideation among hemodialysis patients in Cheju National University Hospital: A pilot study

Objectives: To determine correlates of suicidal ideation among hemodialysis patients in Cheju National University Hospital.Methods: 41 hemodialysis patients were evaluated from April 2004 to January 2005.Sociodemographic questionnaire included age, sex, religion, marital status, education level, monthly income, subjective sense of socioeconomic status, pre-and post diagnosis occupation, hospital expense responsibility, illness duration, etc. Questionnaire for health habit included subjective sense of health status, smoking, drinking, suicidal ideation, and suicidal attempt etc. K-BDI was used to evaluate depression, and STAI for anxiety, self-esteem scale, and family and hospital staff supports scale was evaluated. We defined dependent variable as having suicidal ideation and coded positive suicidal ideation as 'r no suicidal ideation as 'O' Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to find correlates of suicidal ideation using variables that have been found to be risk factors of suicidal ideation.Result: Poor subjective sense of socioeconomic status(OR=9.688 95% CI 1.161-80.846) and education level under 12 years(OR=22.507 95% CI 1.049-483.005) were found to be correlates of suicidal ideation.Conclusions: Socioeconomical support from government and firm and constant support from medical staff and family is crucial for them not to have suicidal ideation.