Positive Realization Research Articles

A lower bound on the dimension of minimal positive realizations for discrete time systems

In some applications, one is interested in having a state–space realization with nonnegative matrices (positive realization) of a given transfer function and it is known that such a realization may have a dimension strictly larger than the order of the transfer function itself. The aim of this letter is to provide a lower bound on the minimum dimension of a positive realization taking into account some spectral properties of nonnegative matrices.

Preventing the problem behaviour: the case with Ukrainian vocational high school students

ABSTRACT The paper`s purpose is to identify the characteristics of deviant behaviour among Ukrainian vocational high school students using criteria based on quantitative data to determine the effectiveness of implementing targeted preventive social-pedagogical and psychological programmes. According to medical-psychological, educational, social (behavioural) and culturologically valuable criteria of predisposition to deviant behaviour, the most typical displays of deviant behaviour were defined: the use of alcohol, drugs, tobacco smoking; frequent cutting of classes, poor performance; committing of offences, crimes; low level of general and communication culture, inability to organize productive leisure. The programme of preventive work was compiled based on principles of personification, motivation, informed social choice of action, positive realization of an individual in a group. Its effectiveness was proved by the defined criteria. The number of students in the experimental group with: high level of predisposition to deviant behaviour decreased by 17.6%; average − increased by 8.1%; low − increased by 9.5%.

Minimal Strongly Eventually Positive Realization for a Class of Externally Positive Systems

The minimal positive realization of externally positive systems is still an open problem due to various restrictions caused by the nonnegativity constraint on the state-space matrices. In this paper, the minimal strongly eventually positive realization, which relaxes the nonnegativity constraint on the state-space model and only requires that the state trajectory is nonnegative after a certain number of steps, is proposed for an externally positive system. It is shown that a discrete-time transfer function with a simple strictly dominant root is externally positive if and only if it has a minimal strongly eventually positive realization. A constructive proof is provided. The continuous-time counterpart is also addressed by transforming it into a corresponding discrete-time case.

Minimal positive continuous-time realizations of positive response maps

Positive nonlinear continuous-time local realizations of positive response maps are studied. The realizations are minimal if they are positively reachable and positively observable. Necessary and sufficient conditions for a response map to have a minimal positive local realization are provided. It is also shown that a minimal positive local realization has the minimal dimension among all positive local realizations of the given response map and that it is unique up to an isomorphism of systems.

Computation of Positive Realizations for Descriptor Linear Discrete-time Systems

Computation of Positive Realizations for Descriptor Linear Discrete-time Systems

Computation of positive realizations for descriptor linear continuous-time systems

A new method for computation of positive realizations of given transfer matrices of descriptor linear continuous-time linear systems is proposed. Necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of positive realizations of transfer matrices are given. A procedure for computation of the positive realizations is proposed and illustrated by examples.

Community participation framework for post-disaster resettlement and its practical application in Pakistan

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to propose a practical framework for community participation in post-disaster resettlement.Design/methodology/approachThe proposed framework has been tested in two model villages (MVs) of Punjab, Pakistan. Primary data were collected through household surveys, focus group discussions and expert interviews. A survey with 67 households was conducted for obtaining qualitative data regarding community participation in post-disaster resettlement.FindingsThe first MV (Ittehad MV) was resettled by the local NGO, and the second (Basti Meera Mullan) by the provincial government. Results indicate that community participation significantly varied in selected MVs. NGOs have achieved positive realizations due to effective community involvement in resettlement efforts, whereas the governmental approach lacked in proactive community participation.Practical implicationsThis framework can be used for other disasters, by refining and incorporating disaster relevant components. This research will be highly useful for disaster managers, private developers and NGOs engaged in resettling disaster-affected population.Social implicationsThe proposed framework can help disaster-affected communities to resettle according to their terms. This can only be attained if affected communities will proactively participate in resettlement planning process.Originality/valueThis original framework is exclusively designed to attain sustainability for post-disaster settlement through community participation.

A new method for determination of positive realizations of linear continuous-time systems

A new method for determination of positive realizations of linear continuous-time systems

Positive realizations of nonlinear input–output discrete-time systems

The problem of realization of a positive nonlinear input–output discrete-time system as a positive state-space system is investigated. The input–output system is given by a difference equation of a higher order. A necessary and sufficient condition for existence of positive and regularly positively observable realization is provided. The state space variables of the realization are found as independent generators of some positive universe associated to the input–output system. Only the single-input single-output case is studied and all functions describing the systems and their properties are assumed to be continuous.

Minimal positive realizations of linear continuous-time fractional descriptor systems: Two cases of an input-output digraph structure

Abstract In the last two decades, fractional calculus has become a subject of great interest in various areas of physics, biology, economics and other sciences. The idea of such a generalization was mentioned by Leibniz and L’Hospital. Fractional calculus has been found to be a very useful tool for modeling linear systems. In this paper, a method for computation of a set of a minimal positive realization of a given transfer function of linear fractional continuous-time descriptor systems has been presented. The proposed method is based on digraph theory. Also, two cases of a possible input-output digraph structure are investigated and discussed. It should be noted that a digraph mask is introduced and used for the first time to solve a minimal positive realization problem. For the presented method, an algorithm was also constructed. The proposed solution allows minimal digraph construction for any one-dimensional fractional positive system. The proposed method is discussed and illustrated in detail with some numerical examples.

Synthetic Patient Database of Drug Effect in General Anesthesia for Evaluation of Estimation and Control Algorithms

This paper describes a database of synthetic patients for the use in estimation and control design in closed-loop anesthesia. The synthetic patients are represented by pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PKPD) Wiener models for the Depth of Anesthesia estimated from clinical data. The input of the Wiener model is given by the flow rates of propofol and remifentanil while the output is the bispectral index. A positive stable realization of the Wiener model describing the system dynamics is adopted to ensure a biologically feasible behavior of the PKPD system. Both time-varying and time-invariant versions of the models are available. An Extended Kalman filter (EKF) is applied to the clinical data to estimate the patient-dependent parameters of the Wiener model. The time-invariant version of a model is obtained by averaging of the time-varying estimates produced by the EKF. The performance of the Wiener model with estimated parameters is assessed and discussed. To illustrate the utility of the database, a PID controller is evaluated over the synthetic patient cohort.

Two Cases of Digraph Structures Corresponding to Minimal Positive Realisation of Fractional Continuous-Time Linear Systems of Commensurate Order

The positive and minimal realisation problem for fractional continuous-time linear single-input and single-output (SISO) systems is formulated. Method based on the one-dimensional digraph for finding a positive and minimal realisation of a given proper transfer function is proposed. Two special cases of the digraph structure are given. Sufficient conditions for the existence of a positive minimal realisation of a given proper transfer function systems are established. The algorithm for computation of a positive minimal realisation is proposed and illustrated with a numerical example. The algorithm is based on a parallel computing method to gain needed speed and computational power for such a solution.

Circuit Synthesis for Guaranteed Positive Sparse Realization of Passive State-Space Models

This paper introduces a methodology able to produce an exact valid and physically meaningful circuit representation out of generic multi-port passive linear state-space models. The proposed method has a strong theoretical relevance as it allows the generation of equivalent netlists whose RLC values are guaranteed positive, without applying any additional approximations, and based only on coordinate transformations and circuit laws interpretation. In this sense it can be viewed as a generalization of Foster's synthesis that is guaranteed to produce a circuit description containing only elements with physical meaning. In addition, it also presents pratical advantages, as it generates a very sparse circuit, whose usage is highly efficient within standard simulation and analysis platforms. Furthermore, the synthesized circuit can be easily included in any standard environment for simulation, verification, delay calculation, symbolic analysis, etc., and in combination with other models for system-level detailed simulation, which further increases the practical relevance of the proposed approach.

Une réaction morale et intellectuelle est indispensable pour préserver et amplifier les acquis européens

Deux fois commissaire européen, en charge du Marché intérieur et de la Fiscalité dans la Commission Santer, et en charge de la Concurrence dans la Commission Prodi, Mario Monti retrace ici son engagement européen et met en avant les aspects positifs de la construction européenne. Dans un monde où la place de l'Europe se réduit pour des raisons internes et externes, il appelle à une réaction morale et intellectuelle afin de surmonter les disparités et la crise de confiance actuelle. Il milite également pour une refonte importante du budget de l'Union européenne tant du côté de son financement, vers plus de transparence et d'équité, que de ses dépenses à recentrer vers la sécurité des frontières extérieures et la lutte contre le changement climatique. Classification JEL : E61, F15, F45, F55.

Strategic positioning of rural tourism on Stara Planina

Stara Planina has excellent potential for rural tourism development which might be encountered in a small number of mountains in our country. Stara Planina possesses rich biological, geological and cultural heritage. Achieving visible economic effects requires set of activities, support and continuous monitoring of all government levels. By providing tourist services to domestic and foreign tourists, signifcant proft is made. Positive result realization of tourism economy depends on its ability to satisfy visitors needs in the chosen tourism destination. Hence, the aim of this paper is to introduce the strategic positioning of rural tourism as important activity in the feld of tourism. In order to develop tourism in the best possible way, it is necessary to grasp the importance of strong economic growth of rural areas, so this paper thoroughly studies the respondents’ opinion on the basis of ANOVA method and it tries to highlight the strategic directions of rural tourism development on Stara Planina.

Una reconstrucción crítica del aspecto negativo de la teoría del derecho en Hans Kelsen

El presente artículo presenta una reconstrucción crítica de la obra de Hans Kelsen. Una interpretación adecuada de la teoría de Kelsen permite distinguir en ella dos estadios: i) un primer estadio lógico constituido por la formulación de un programa científico alrededor de su teoría de la validez y de la estructura de la norma, y un segundo estadio consistente en la realización de ese programa, el que puede ser dividido a su vez en dos fases, a saber: ii) una fase de realización negativa a través de la generación de una crítica radical a las concepciones tradicionales de la ciencia jurídica incompatibles con el primer estadio, y iii) en una fase de realización positiva, cuyo fruto más relevante es la generación de un esquema completo de comprensión del derecho como un sistema dinámico en constante auto-reproducción. El objeto del artículo es dar cuenta de la formulación del programa y, como ilustración de su forma de funcionamiento, de la lógica de realización de la etapa negativa.

AN OPTIMIZATION APPROACH FOR COMPUTING A SPARSE MONO-CYCLIC POSITIVE REPRESENTATION

The phase-type representation is strongly connected with the positive realization in positive system. We attempt to transform phase-type representation into sparse mono-cyclic positive representation with as low order as possible. Because equivalent positive representations of a given phase-type distribution are non-unique, it is important to find a simple sparse positive representation with lower order that leads to more effective use in applications. A Hypo-Feedback-Coxian Block (HFCB) representation is a good candidate for a simple sparse representation. Our objective is to find an HFCB representation with possibly lower order, including all the eigenvalues of the original generator. We introduce an efficient nonlinear optimization method for computing an HFCB representation from a given phase-type representation. We discuss numerical problems encountered when finding efficiently a stable solution of the nonlinear constrained optimization problem. Numerical simulations are performed to show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

Youth Mental Health CRISIS and Countermeasure in KOREAN

Adolescence is a rapid change of physical, psychological state mental health problems but also the prime of life is easy to develop also in times of crisis. This study was tried to examine realization degree about children s mental health problem to parents who keep youth children, and presents countermeasure plan on the basis of youth mental health problem admin-istration present condition from domestic and outside the country. Examined to parents who keep youth children inhabiting to B city for parents realization investigation about youth mental health problem, investigation period was enforced over about 1 month from October 8, 2012. By enumeration method through preparatory audit (pilot-test), expert inquiry correction and supplementation. It was said that there is no result of study, 27.3% of parents responded that youth children have mental health problem, and experience that 67.2% of these seeks cooperation in the school for problem solution. De-gree that recognize youth mental health problem and experience that seek cooperation in the school for chil-dren’s mental health problem solution of study were shown low ratio. Ministry of Gender Equality and Family, Ministry of Education, Health-Welfare Ministry and NGO is pro-gressing youth problem behavior administration, mental health examination, suicide courtesy call and pro-gram for positive realization change for our country youth mental health administration, and the United States of America and Britain are administering support program for each parents·family support program and school violence prevention as outside the country example. Present our country youth mental health administration who analyze interior and exterior s program are do-ing to school and youth mainly, and program that manage with parents can confirm that is unprepared rela-tively. Therefore, for communication and stress administration program and family bonds strengthening doing to parents and youth children for youth mental health problem solution. Must have systematic backing, and need continuous educational connection and national policy for mutual interchange that compose parents - school conference. I wish to quoat countermeasure plan to manage youth mental health problem on the basis of this. First, need two-way and positive communication education program. Second, it must be educational link and on-time interchange composing school-parents conference. Third, weekend must strengthen family’s bonds by recreation of holiday that attend to learning program or experience program after school. Fourth, it must be establishment of debate culture policy.

Positive output/state maps and quasi-positive realization of MIMO discrete systems

The positive realization of externally positive systems described by their transfer matrix G(z) is a complex problem whose analysis has been completed only recently, for the SISO case, on the basis of algebraic and geometric approaches that underline the many constraints that condition its solution. These constraints concern the minimal order of the obtained models, the minimality of their parameterizations and even their existence. This paper considers the new category of quasi-positive state-space models introduced in Guidorzi (2014) that limit the assumptions on the nonnegativeness of the state-space trajectories to the only trajectories that can be actually generated by the system under nonnegative controls. It is shown that all externally positive systems admit a quasi-positive minimally parameterized state-space realization whose existence is not conditioned by restrictions on the signs of the parameters of the polynomials in G(z).

How do you Feel About this Goal? Goal-Related Affect, Positive Orientation, and Personal Goal Realization in the Family Domain

Past research on individual-level differences has revealed associations between affect, positive beliefs and goal realization. Goal realization, however, varies not only between individuals (the individual level) but also within individuals according to goal (the goal level). This study analyzed family-related personal goals at both levels, examining how positive affect, negative affect and positive orientation are related to personal goal realization. The participants were 205 adults (mean age = 35.74 years); they evaluated five personal goals related to family life and completed assessments of positive orientation. Multilevel structural equation modeling demonstrated that both at the individual level and at the goal level positive orientation and positive goal-related affect were positively related to personal goal realization in family domain. Negative goal-related affect was negatively related to personal goal realization at both levels. Positive orientation, both at the individual level and as a cross-level interaction, moderated the relationship between positive goal-related affect and personal goal realization.