Positive Intentions Research Articles

Born a local or living like one: Understandings of local belonging and outgroup attitudes

This study examines people's understanding of who is a ‘true’ local and its intergroup implications. We expected to find two general understandings – one based on ascribed (i.e., ethnic) and the other on acquired (i.e. civic) characteristics – which would be differently associated with attitudes towards newcomers. In four studies conducted in Poland, we found that people consistently make an empirical distinction between these two understandings of local city belonging (Study 1, N = 148, Study 2, N = 1016, Study 3, N = 400, Study 4, N = 686). Further, stronger endorsement of an ascribed local belonging was related to a tendency to essentialize the ingroup and support for autochthony belief (Study 1), lower acceptance of both international and internal migrants, as well as established and recent migrants (Studies 2–4), higher perceived local threat from migrants, and higher intention for collective action against migrants (Study 4). In contrast, an acquired local understanding was associated with positive attitudes and behavioral intentions towards newcomers. In sum, our results suggest that the ascribed vs. acquired distinction of local belonging is relevant for the way people relate to newcomers in their local environments.

Development and Evaluation of Remote Learning Management System using Intranet Network for Hinterland Schools

The lack of internet access in underdeveloped nations, including the Philippines, has significant impact on the digital divide. One of the challenges faced by students in underdeveloped nations, particularly those in far-flung and hinterland schools, is the lack of access to up-to-date educational resources due to their geographic isolation. This can lead to a significant disadvantage in terms of academic performance and future opportunities. Thus, a Remote Learning Management System (RLMS) is proposed. The study includes the development and testing of the RLMS system, as well as an evaluation of its acceptance through the Technology Acceptance Model survey questionnaire. This system utilizes intranet networks and a Network File System to provide distant learning and teaching-based eLearning in far-flung and hinterland schools. The system intends to make sharing educational resources easier, such as to let students access their lessons, modules, and assignments, take exams and quizzes and even watch video lessons on their laptops, smartphones, and tablets, even without an internet connection. The results show that the RLMS system is fully functional and accessible, with positive acceptance and intention to use from teachers and students. Future studies can focus on enhancing the RLMS capabilities, improving user-friendliness, and providing in-depth training to teachers to maximize the system's potential. Overall, the RLMS system provides a viable alternative for blended learning in areas with slow and limited internet access.

RESPOSTAS FISIOLÓGICAS E PSICOAFETIVAS DE ADULTOS TREINADOS EM PROTOCOLOS AGUDOS DE HIIT

ABSTRACT High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) promotes similar adaptations and in some cases, superior to continuous aerobic training of moderate intensity, even when performed at all-out intensities. In this condition, it tends to have the greatest physiological disturbance and accumulation of metabolites compared to submaximal intensities, being one of the main factors associated with the negative response of pleasure in training. Objective: To verify the relationship between physiological and psychophysiological responses in order to repeat the training of two HIIT protocols of mesm volume load and different periods of work in trained adults of both sexes. Methods: In a randomized experiment, the sample consisted of 9 individuals aged 28±5 years, body mass 69.6±14.2 kg, height 169±0.1cm, BMI 24.1±2.3 kg/m2 and body fat percentage 20.2±7.9% practitioners of structured aerobic physical exercises for at least six months. Two different HIIT protocols were performed on an exercise bike, being (I) protocol 1:0.5, with prescribed intensity (80-90% of MAX HR), (II) protocol 1:2 with prescribed intensity (all-out) with total duration of effort of 20 minutes and interval of at least 48 hours between each session. Heart rate (HR), systemic blood pressure (SBP), subjective perception of exertion (SPE), visual analog scale (VAS), affective response (AR), fun (PACES) and intention to repeat the session were analyzed. The statistical analysis used was ANOVA with Tukey's post-hoc (p<0.05). Results: The analyses of HR, SBP, VAS, PACES and SPE showed no significant difference between the training protocols. The affective response (AR and intention to repeat) showed a decline in the protocol 1:0.5, but without significance (p>0.05). Conclusion: The data allow us to conclude that the 1:2 protocol caused greater physiological disturbances during exertion and presented greater positive affective response and intention to repeat the exercise session, variables that may contribute to adherence to regular physical exercise. Level of Evidence I; Therapeutic studies - Investigation of treatment results.

The effect of new e-commerce platform's OSC promotion on consumer cognition: from cognitive legitimacy and cognitive psychology perspective.

In the realm of emerging e-commerce platforms, the influence of online shopping events, specifically online carnival promotions (OSC), on consumer behavior is a significant area of interest.This paper delves into the effects of such promotions on consumer perceptions, a topic that has not been extensively explored in academic research. To investigate this phenomenon, two distinct studies were conducted. The first study employed a questionnaire-based experiment involving 220 participants, divided into two groups. The first study examined the mediating role of cognitive legitimacy in the relationship between OSC events organized by new e-commerce platforms and the perceptions of consumers. The second study utilized an event-related potentials (ERPs) experiment with 33 participants to explore the differences in consumer perceptions between OSC promotions and general promotions by new e-commerce platforms. This study measured the brain's response to promotional stimuli to gain insights into the cognitive processes involved. The first study yielded results that suggest OSC activities can facilitate the establishment of cognitive legitimacy for new e-commerce platforms. This, in turn, was found to be associated with an increase in positive purchase intentions among consumers. In the second study, the ERPs data indicated that exposure to OSC promotional materials elicited larger P2 and N2 ERP components when participants were presented with the logo of a new e-commerce platform. This was in contrast to the response to general promotional materials, suggesting a heightened cognitive and perceptual engagement with OSC promotions. The findings from both studies collectively imply that OSC promotions have a distinct impact on consumer perceptions and cognitive processes. The implicit memory triggered by these promotions appears to influence the identification of new platforms and the mechanisms of cognitive control during online shopping. This, in turn, may have implications for explicit consumer behavior, suggesting that OSC promotions could be a powerful tool for shaping consumer attitudes and behaviors in the e-commerce space. The results underscore the importance of understanding the nuances of consumer engagement with new e-commerce platforms and the role of promotional strategies in fostering a positive brand image and consumer loyalty.

Examining the Mediating Effects of Attitude and Intention on the Influence of Spatial Knowledge and Regulation Consciousness on Proper Land Use Behavior

This research aims to analyze the factors that influence sustainable land use behavior at the individual level. These factors include regulatory awareness, spatial knowledge, attitudes, intentions, and behavior. This research was carried out as part of the requirements for completing studies in the Master of Management program, Faculty of Economics and Business, Syiah Kuala University. This research uses quantitative methods by collecting data through questionnaires from respondents who are involved in land use practices in an area. Data analysis was carried out using descriptive and inferential statistical techniques, including hypothesis testing and mediation testing. The research results show that regulatory awareness, spatial knowledge, attitudes, and intentions contribute significantly to sustainable land use behavior. These findings strengthen our understanding of the complex relationships between these variables at the individual level. Additionally, serial mediation analysis identified the mediating role of attitudes and intentions in linking independent factors with land use behavior. Managerial recommendations include regulatory awareness development programs, spatial knowledge training, and the promotion of positive attitudes and intentions. Meanwhile, emphasizing this research underscores the importance of a holistic and contextual approach in designing sustainable land management policies. This research provides conceptual and practical contributions to understanding and improving individual behavior regarding sustainable land use, with the hope of guiding decision-makers, academics, and relevant stakeholders.

The Professional Identity of Primary Mathematics Teachers and Their Intention to Implement STEM Education in Mainland China

As mathematics is one of the key disciplines of STEM education, primary mathematics teachers can play important roles in STEM education, and it is generally acknowledged that teachers’ professional identity can affect their teaching effectiveness. With the attention paid to STEM education in Mainland China, it is of great significance to find out the primary mathematics teachers’ level of intention to implement STEM education. This research was aimed at studying the degree of professional identity of primary mathematics teachers from different cities in Guangdong, the most populous province of Mainland China, and tried to figure out their intentions about implementing STEM education, further exploring whether there is a correlation between the above two variables. The paper mainly adopted quantitative research, through online questionnaires (n = 41), finding that the professional identity of primary mathematics teachers in Guangdong, Mainland China, is at a mid to upper level and they generally have a positive intention to implement STEM education. Through correlation analysis, this study verified that the teachers’ professional identity and intention to implement STEM education are significantly positively correlated (r = 0.69, p < 0.001), and found that professional identity shows a positive impact in predicting teachers’ intention to implement STEM education (b = 0.89, p < 0.001). Meanwhile, the gender factor has a significant impact on predicting STEM intention using identity (b = 0.35, p < 0.01). Overall, with these findings, this empirical research identified the potential influencing factors for promoting STEM education in Mainland China in the future.

Modeling the Determinants of Students’ Satisfaction and Continuance-Intention Toward a Mathematics and Science Distance Education Program

A distance education Diploma and Bachelor’s degree in Mathematics and Science programs are faced with low enrollment and graduation rate as well as high attrition of students. The aforementioned challenges are attributed to students’ satisfaction and continuance intention. However, students’ satisfaction and continuance intention toward distance education programs are as a result of certain antecedents. This modeled the determinants of satisfaction and program continuance intention by the distance education students on the math and science programs. Based on this, a quantitative approach based on a census survey was adopted and data collected from 113 students through a questionnaire and analyzed using a structural equation modeling approach based on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The results of the study showed that two key antecedents: student-instructor interaction, and study center physical facilities determine program satisfaction of mathematics and science distance students. However, administrative support of the program determined instructional modules; facilitation quality was predicted by both instructional modules and laboratory facilities. Finally, students program continuance intention was predicted by satisfaction of the program. Based on the findings, recommendations were made for policy and practice toward improving students’ satisfaction and promote positive intention in pursuant of mathematics and science education program by distance mode.

소셜미디어 품질이 긍정적 감정, 행동의도에 미치는 영향

Purpose With the recent challenges brought about by COVID-19, many individuals are turning their focus inward, seeking personal happiness. This shift has also influenced tourism trends, where travel experiences are now more about catering to individual preferences and facilitating shared experiences with like-minded travelers, addressing the inherent need for connection and communication. This evolving dynamic has spotlighted the role of social media quality as a pivotal marketing tool in the tourism industry. In this context, this research sought to explore the causal relationship between the quality of social media and the positive emotions, as well as the behavioral intentions of tourists.
 Methods In order to achieve the proposal of this study, the survey result of 260 questionnaires collected from tourists who watched a YouTube channel managed by the city of Gwangju. In addition, this study had been distributed over a three week period beginning from July 30th to July 10th, 2023.
 Results The analysis results are as follows. First, among the factors of social media quality that service quality and emotional quality were positively related to positive emotion. Second, it was established that positive emotion obtained a positive relation behavioral intention.Third, positive emotions were found to have a unique positive mediating effect on the social media quality between behavioral intention.
 Conclusion The findings of this analysis highlight the importance of effectively managing the quality of social media content. It underscores the value of fostering positive user emotions and intentions, suggesting a proactive approach is essential.

AI Like ChatGPT, Users Like Us: How ChatGPT Drivers and AI Efficacy Affect Consumer Behaviour

Since OpenAI first unveiled ChatGPT, an artificial intelligence-based chatbot service, to the public, expectations for high utility and various possibilities have attracted researchers, industry, and consumers. The current study identified the influencing factors of consumer acceptance of ChatGPT that approached transformational innovation. For research purposes, 251 innovative consumers who use ChatGPT were recruited online, and the research model was tested by employing PLS (partial least squares) analysis. The study demonstrated the impact of consumers’ perceptions of the two AI features (human-like characteristics and performance characteristics) on their intention to use AI through their efficacy in AI services and service satisfaction. Moreover, the serendipity experience could lead to positive use intention. Considering that few empirical studies investigated actual user behaviour since ChatGPT services are still in the early stages of the market, this study might provide several implications for researchers and practitioners.

The Effect of Conspicuous Consumption on Consumer Purchase Intention: The Mediating Role of Perceived Value

Purpose - The rapid recent growth of China’s economy and the emergence of a global consumer culture have increased conspicuous consumption among Chinese consumers. This research investigates how conspicuous consumption influences Chinese consumers’ purchase intentions toward global brands as mediated by perceived brand value.
 Design/Methodology/Approach - Data were collected through the conduct of a survey among Chinese consumers. The PROCESS Macro model was used to test the mediating effects of perceived functional, social, and emotional value.
 Findings - The study found that Chinese consumers with conspicuous consumption tendencies possess positive purchase intentions toward global brands. Study 1 indicated that consumers’ perceived social and emotional value mediates the relationship between conspicuous consumption and purchase intention for hedonic products. For utilitarian products, Study 2 showed that the relationship is mediated by consumers’ perceived functional and emotional value. Perceived emotional value plays a critical role in the relationship between conspicuous consumption and purchase intention for both product types.
 Research Implications - This study contributes to the scarce literature about the positive relationship between conspicuous consumption and global brands in emerging markets. Marketing strategies in emerging markets should concentrate on status-related consumption and market segmentation. These findings are expected to contribute to international marketing and global brand management, providing valuable insights into the purchasing motives of consumers for global brands.

The Evaluation of a Technology-Embedded Solar Energy STEM (SESTEM) Module: A Pilot Implementation of Modern Teaching Tool for Diploma Science Students

Utilising an excellent teaching tool is vital for students' education nowadays. In contrast to the traditional teaching way, Technology-Embedded Solar Energy STEM (SESTEM) module was created as a modern teaching tool for physics subject. In order to develop and evaluate the students’ perception towards the complete SESTEM module, developmental research and technology acceptance model (TAM) were applied in this research study. 52 randomly selected diploma students from Sultan Idris Education University (UPSI) were involved as respondents in this work. After the development of the SESTEM module using the analysis, design, development, implementation and evaluation (ADDIE) model, the perceptions of students as respondents towards this module were evaluated based on the TAM via questionnaire. Based on the responses from the respondents, the majority of the respondents demonstrated positive attitudes and behaviour intention, as well as agreed that the SESTEM module was useful as a teaching tool. Besides, the respondents showed a positive technological acceptance towards SESTEM module. The respondents' acceptance was contingent on the employment of technology for educational purposes in the future. Consequently, SESTEM module could be utilised by educators as a contemporary tool for enhancing student learning for future benefits.

Behavioural intention of consumers to use app-based shopping on green tech products in an emerging economy

PurposeThe purpose of this research article is to explore the behavioural intention of consumers to use app-based shopping for green-tech products in the emerging economy of Bangladesh. The study investigates the indirect effects of perceived ease of use, usefulness, perceived delivery and perceived security on the behavioural intention to use app-based shopping for purchasing green-tech products by considering the mediating role of perceived trust.Design/methodology/approachA quantitative research approach was applied to collect data from the respondents who had previously used app-based shopping for green-tech products in Bangladesh. An online, self-administered survey questionnaire was used to collect data from 348 respondents. The survey data was analysed using SmartPLS-4 to measure the reliability and validity of the constructs. In addition, partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) was employed to test the research model and hypotheses.FindingsThe study's results reveal that perceived usefulness, ease of use, security and delivery positively and significantly influence perceived trust, leading to a higher behavioural intention to use app-based shopping for green-tech products. Additionally, perceived trust significantly mediates the relationship between the behavioural intention to use app-based shopping and perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, perceived security and perceived delivery.Practical implicationsThe study's findings have important implications for app-based shopping services to support customers interested in purchasing green-tech products in an emerging economy. The results also indicate that green-tech product companies must adopt new service delivery channels and ensure consumers' convenience and cost and time savings. The present research findings suggest that green-tech product companies need to ensure that they integrate digital technologies into their services for secure and timely delivery of products, improving customer convenience.Originality/valueThe study's findings can be insightful for app-based shopping service providers to foster their businesses by focussing on developing a positive trust perception in the consumer's mind, leading to a positive intention to use the app-based shopping services. The present study will enrich the current literature by investigating how consumers' perceived trust affects their behavioural intention to use app-based online shopping for purchasing green-tech products. It will also expand the existing knowledge on app-based shopping by exploring how perceived delivery impacts perceived trust, which subsequently affects customers' intentions to adopt the purchase of green-tech products.

Consumption and knowledge of dietary supplements among young adult women in Lahore, Pakistan

Dietary supplements containing essential nutrients such as vitamins, minerals, and herbs are widely used to enhance overall nutrition and health. This study aimed to assess the consumption patterns and knowledge of dietary supplements among young adult women in Lahore, Pakistan. This cross-sectional study was conducted over three months at Lahore College for Women University; young adult women aged 18 to 25 years who were enrolled in any bachelor’s degree program were recruited using a convenience sampling technique. The following data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire: demographic information, supplement usage, and perceptions. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 25.0 to calculate frequencies and percentages. Of the 333 questionnaires distributed, 303 were returned, resulting in a response rate of 90.99%. The mean age of the 303 participants was 23.06 ± 0.058 years, with 98.35% being unmarried. Most participants reported a monthly household income between 50,001 and 75,000 PKR (73.59%) and were predominantly in their fourth (44.22%) or fifth year (43.56%) of study, mainly in health sciences disciplines (72.28%). A majority (83.80%) reported taking dietary supplements, primarily for health enhancement (58.66%), improving bone and joint health (32.68%), and increasing muscle mass (37.01%). Supplements were mostly purchased from pharmacies (85.04%) and taken under the advice of doctors or nutritionists (74.80%). Common supplements included vitamins, calcium, and multivitamins, with most participants taking one supplement at a time (84.25%) and consuming them daily (35.04%) or 2-3 times per week (27.95%). Notably, 72.44% perceived benefits from taking supplements, and 49.61% intended to repurchase them. Concerns about potential side effects or interactions were also substantial (58.66%). This study revealed that young adult women in Pakistan frequently use dietary supplements for various health benefits, primarily by purchasing them from pharmacies and following healthcare professional advice. Despite positive perceptions and intentions to repurchase, concerns about safety and interactions remain.

Mobile learning for teacher professional development: An empirical assessment of an extended technology acceptance model

This study explores how mobile learning (m-learning) can serve as a valuable resource for the professional development of Iraqi English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers in higher education during the COVID-19 pandemic. Utilizing an extended Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), the research investigates the model's fit, structural relationships between variables, and potential moderating effects of gender and academic rank. Findings revealed that Iraqi EFL teachers generally demonstrated positive attitudes toward m-learning adoption, with identified challenges in self-efficacy and ease of use. Gender analysis indicated that females exhibited higher ease of use, self-efficacy, enjoyment, and positive attitudes and intentions toward m-learning adoption. Higher-ranked teachers perceived m-learning as more useful. The extended TAM displayed a good fit to empirical data, revealing significant positive relationships between variables. Gender did not moderate these relationships, but academic rank played a substantial role. The findings guide strategies for targeted professional development, addressing technical support concerns, and designing engaging experiences to facilitate successful m-learning integration in higher education, considering the unique needs and challenges of Iraqi EFL teachers.

“Go green” – evaluating the roles of environmental concerns, environmental social norms and green technology in fostering pro-green banking behaviors

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the relationship between bankers’ perspectives and their pro-green banking behaviors (i.e. intentions). Specifically, how do bankers’ perspectives on environmental concerns, environmental normative structure and green technology affect their intentions toward G-banking activities? Design/methodology/approach A theoretical framework of the theory of bounded rational planned behavior (TBRPB) as its foundation was established. Using measurement scales to measure different aspects of environmental concern, environmental normative structure, green technology, attitudes, perceived behavioral control and subjective norms, a survey instrument was developed to examine the various associations implied by the model of TBRPB. Data were collected from the bankers of selected commercial banks in Bangladesh following the random sampling procedure. The data were analyzed using the partial least square structural equation modeling technique. Findings Findings indicate that all of the predictors appear to be robust in predicting the G-banking intention of the sampled bankers in Bangladesh. The results also show that attitudes, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control have significant mediating effects toward bankers’ bounded rational G-banking intention. Research limitations/implications There are a few limitations in the study. First, the study considers environmental concerns as an antecedent of the attitude of bankers toward G-banking activities. Future studies can explore other variables related to environmental problems to study G-banking adoption and practices. Second, this study only considers the private conventional bankers as respondents to the survey to assess G-baking intention. In the future, other types of bankers, such as Islamic bankers and public banks’ bankers could be included in the survey to explore G-banking practices. Finally, this research has been done in a developing country-context. Practical implications In this study, environmental concerns of bankers appeared to be highly significant predictors to influence their attitudes toward bounded rational G-banking intention. Similarly, the social normative structure also appears to be a robust antecedent of subjective norms to influence bounded rational G-banking intention of respondent bankers. Finally, green technology or bakers’ personal and skill-related ability to control bounded rational G-banking intention also appeared to be a strongly significant predictor of green banking activities. All this evidence implies that respondent bankers in the sample responded positively to provide their positive intention toward G-banking activities based on their environmental concern. Social implications Important social implication of the current study is G-banking practices can help reduce carbon emissions and other pollutants which would enrich overall environmental sustainability and ecological conditions. Originality/value Few studies are directed on G-banking perspective in Bangladesh. This research is one of the empirical studies which will certainly add values for the clients, institutions and policymakers in banking paradigm.

The Predictive Validity of Theory of Planned Behaviour to Understand Performance of Agroforestry in Punjab, Pakistan

Agroforestry remained instrumental in ensuring food security, ameliorate environment and support livelihood across the globe particularly the developing countries. Present research made use of Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) to understand performance of agroforestry in Southern Punjab. A total of 130 randomly selected respondents belonging to two groups; farmers practicing Agroforestry (AF) and Non-Agroforestry farmers (NAF) were interviewed to explore their attitudes, Subjective Norms (SN) and Perceived behavioral Control (PBC) to form intention to grow trees along with agricultural crops on their farms. Results revealed that constructs of TPB explained AF showed positive attitudes underpinning beliefs, value opinions of salient referents and feel more ease in planting trees than those of NAF thereby forming positive intention to adopt agroforestry. It is concluded that application of this model would be helpful in the promotion of agroforestry in the region.

Namibian Teachers’ Behavioural Intentions on Students’ Mathematics Learning Using Their Own Devices

Bring your own device (BYOD) policy implementation in schools worldwide has allowed students to learn subjects, including mathematics, using personal mobile devices (PMDs). PMD use has enhanced students’ mathematics enjoyment by bridging the gap between theoretical mathematics concepts and their practical applications, which makes mathematics more meaningful and leads to improved results. Nonetheless, students in Namibian basic education are not authorised to learn with PMDs in school. While students’ PMD use in school remains a topic of debate, there remains a need to investigate its impact on students’ mathematics learning and teachers’ perceptions of BYOD in mathematics classrooms. This study evaluated the perceptions and intentions of 209 Namibian mathematics teachers from the Omusati and Khomas regions regarding students’ mathematics learning using PMDs in schools. Data were collected through an online survey. A structural equation model revealed teachers’ positive intentions towards students’ use of PMDs through BYOD in learning mathematics in school. Perceived usefulness (PU), perceived ease of use (PEoU), and price value (PV) factors directly affected the teachers’ behavioural intentions (BI) towards students learning mathematics through BYOD. PEoU significantly affected teachers’ PU, and PV significantly affected teachers’ PEoU and PU. PU significantly mediated the relationship between PEoU and teachers’ intentions. PV significantly indirectly affected teachers’ intentions through PU. PEoU non-significantly mediated the PV and intention relationship. Practical implications are discussed, and recommendations are offered for the Namibian Ministry of Education, Arts and Culture and teacher training institutions.

Evaluation of consumer usage behavior for interactive entertainment: A Netflix case study

The streaming business has been continuously rising in the market and movie streaming applications are trying to break boundaries. Netflix, one of the top streaming platforms hence created the interactive entertainment like Bandersnatch and Kaleidoscope to compete with the close call streaming platform market. As interactive entertainment continues to gain popularity, questions regarding how it affects user acceptance and satisfaction are being raised. Using the UTAUT2 model, this study analyzed the usage behavior of 847 valid respondents. Analyzing the latent variables simultaneously, structural equation modeling was considered to completely assess the usage behavior among users towards interactive entertainment. Results showed that facilitating conditions aside from behavioral intentions prompted the most significant factor, followed by hedonic motivation, habit, performance expectancy, and social influence. It was also seen that price value played a significant role with the account sharing capabilities provided by Netflix. Results have shown that watching interactive entertainment is a pleasant experience, wherein consumers would engage with the type of movies or series frequently when available and will spend more time in watching it. This presented a positive purchase intention for an account on Netflix when they are provided with more interactive entertainment among users. With Netflix’s establishment of the new way of entertainment, this study would provide a benchmark analysis of how likely people would consider interactive entertainment. Moreover, the findings of this study could be utilized by other streaming platforms, especially the companies that wanted to consider the path of future entertainment through interactive entertainment.

Attitudes toward pre-symptomatic screening for Alzheimer's dementia in five European countries: a comparison of family members of people with Alzheimer's dementia versus non-family members.

Introduction: Pre-symptomatic screening is getting more attention in healthcare as it detects the risk for developing neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease (AD), which is very useful for treatment or prevention. AD screening could play an important role in individuals with at least one affected first-degree relative, but also without family history. As the demand for screening is rising worldwide, it is important to consider possible cross-cultural differences in attitudes toward pre-symptomatic screening in order to tailor healthcare services to the needs of each country. Objective: This study aims to investigate the attitudes of family members and non-family members of people with dementia toward pre-symptomatic screening and explore possible differences in attitudes across five European countries (Belgium, Germany, Greece, Spain, Turkey) using translated versions of the "Perceptions regarding pRE-symptomatic Alzheimer's Disease Screening" questionnaire (PRE-ADS). Methods: The multicultural sample (N = 650) was recruited from samples that were previously used in validation studies of the translated PRE-ADS versions. The subscale "Acceptability of Screening", consisting of five PRE-ADS items to specifically explore willingness to undergo screening, was created. Ιnternal consistency was measured, and structural validity was determined using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). Group comparisons were performed to investigate differences in attitudes toward pre-symptomatic AD screening regarding family history and country of origin using the PRE-ADS and the "Acceptability of Screening" mean scores. Results: Construct validity was acceptable for the PRE-ADS. Both the PRE-ADS (α = 0.76) and its subscale "Acceptability of Screening" (α = 0.90) had good internal consistency. Overall, 56.9% of the total sample expressed a positive intention toward pre-symptomatic AD screening. T-tests showed significantly higher mean scores of participants with an affected family member. An international comparison revealed differences in the "Acceptability of Screening" mean score across the five European countries. No cross-cultural differences were found for the PRE-ADS mean score after adjusting for confounding variables. Conclusion: The PRE-ADS and its subscale are reliable tools for assessing pre-symptomatic AD screening attitudes. Variations in the acceptability of screening seem to be linked to family history and cultural influences. Further research with larger samples is needed to explore underlying relationships.

Potential motivators affecting parental intention in COVID-19 vaccination for children aged 6 months to 4 years: Implications for targeted vaccine interventions in Japan

ABSTRACT Although COVID-19 vaccination was approved for younger children in Japan in October 2022, uptake rates remain critically low. This study aimed to investigate Japanese parents’ intentions, hesitators’ probability of positive intention change, and factors that motivate COVID-19 vaccination. Parents with a 6-month to 4-year-old child living in Japan participated in this internet-based, cross-sectional survey conducted from December 19, 2022, to January 4, 2023. The modified Poisson regression analysis was used to assess the probabilities of changing intention by each motivator when comparing the degree of hesitancy among hesitators, and the Poisson generalized estimating equations were used to compare the probabilities of changing intentions by potential motivators within hesitant individuals. Among 12,502 participants, 10,008 (80.1%) were hesitators. Parents with lower hesitancy levels were more likely to be motivated to vaccinate their children through potential motivators. Vaccine hesitators were motivated to vaccinate their children, particularly by proven vaccine effectiveness (including “protecting children from getting sick” with a probability ratio [PR] of 3.7 [95% confidence interval (CI) 3.5–3.9] and “less likely to infect adults” with a PR of 2.9 [95% CI 2.8–3.1]), as well as vaccine safety (including “safe vaccination of millions of children” with a PR of 3.1 [95% CI 3.0–3.3]) compared to injunctive norm (including “community leader recommendation”). Therefore, initially addressing parents with low hesitancy levels is an effective strategy that motivates COVID-19 vaccination. Also, providing evidence-based information about COVID-19 vaccine efficacy and safety that is consistent with parents’ needs is crucial.