Indirect Positive Impact Research Articles

The role of leadership in digital transformation – a paradox way to improve operational performance

PurposeLeadership has been identified as a crucial driver of efficient deployment of any Operations Management (OM) paradigm. Our work focuses on digitalisation, a recent OM paradigm, and analyses the mediating effect of digital transformation (DT) on the relationship between task-oriented and relationship-oriented leadership styles (LSs) and operational performance (OP) improvements in the manufacturing context.Design/methodology/approachThe authors employed survey data from Hungarian manufacturing firms. Hypotheses are tested using structural equation modelling.FindingsTask-oriented and relationship-oriented LSs exert distinct influences on DT and OP improvements. The results indicated that task-oriented LS drives OP improvements through its impact on DT. The relationship-oriented LS does not influence DT. Regarding the implications for OP improvements, we revealed a leadership paradox as the indirect positive impact of task-oriented LS may be offset by the direct negative influence of relationship-oriented LS.Research limitations/implicationsThe results are most pertinent to manufacturing firms that have already started their digital journey. Further studies must clarify how managers’ cultural embeddedness (i.e. general perceptions about efficient leadership in their country or region, national culture) could influence findings. Finally, to learn about the effective long-term behaviours of leaders might require different empirical methods.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study represents one of the first survey-based examinations of CEOs on the ways how LSs drive the effective deployment of DT in manufacturing firms. Our findings demonstrate a leadership paradox at the nascent stages of DT in manufacturing firms.

Can high-involvement management enhance teacher professionalism in China? A structural equation modeling analysis

As a multifaceted concept, teacher professionalism lays particular emphasis on strong moral purposes and commitment to the teaching profession in the Chinese cultural context, compared with teacher agency, but it is not yet known whether it can be enhanced by high-involvement management in Chinese schools. By conducting a questionnaire survey of primary and secondary school teachers, this study used structural equation modeling to unpack the relationship between high-involvement management and teacher professionalism. The results showed that high-involvement management had a significant positive effect on career commitment and positive emotions of teachers, which both exerted the positive effects on professionalism. Career commitment and positive emotions play the single mediation and sequential mediation between high-involvement management and teacher professionalism. The high-involvement management model cannot directly facilitate professionalism, but only have an indirect positive impact through the full mediation of career commitment and positive emotions.

Cultivating loyalty: the role of inclusive leadership in fostering organizational commitment through mediating effect of psychological safety and perceived organizational support

Purpose This study explores the effect of inclusive leadership (IL) on organizational commitment (OC) in Pakistan’s telecom sector. Psychological safety (PS) and perceived organizational support (POS) are taken as mediators to explore the interplay of the constructs. The study aims to contribute to the existing literature by providing insights into the critical role of inclusive IL impacting OC through PS and POS as mediators. Design/methodology/approach This study uses a quantitative methodology and a cross-sectional survey of 289 employees of the telecom sector working in the front office dealing with customer services. Using confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling, the study tests hypotheses on the critical role of OC in Pakistan’s telecom sector. With the aid of SPSS v27 and AMOS v23 for structural equation model construction and path analysis, a time-lagged data collection method was used to avoid common method bias. Findings According to the research paper’s findings, evidence supports the hypotheses, suggesting that IL has a positive direct and indirect impact on OC via PS and POS. Originality/value This study adds to the existing body of knowledge on IL, PS, POS and OC. This study also tests the mediating role of PS and POS in Pakistan’s telecom sector’s service domain. This research also provides practical implications for leaders and employees concerning PS and POS in the specific context of Pakistan’s society.

Enhancing Bank Performance: Integrating Enterprise Risk Management with Mobile Banking Applications

This study investigates how the implementation of mobile banking and enterprise risk management (ERM) contributes to the success of financial institutions in a rapidly evolving financial environment. To understand the relationship between ERM, mobile banking adoption, and bank performance, we surveyed 250 senior bankers from the 25 largest banks in Indonesia using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). Our findings indicate that effective ERM implementation positively affects bank performance. Mobile banking enhances customer convenience, streamlines operations, and broadens market reach, increasing customer satisfaction, operational efficiency, and profitability. Additionally, using mobile banking applications mediates the positive indirect impact of ERM on bank performance. This research highlights that ERM's effect on Indonesian banking performance is partly mediated by adopting mobile banking applications. The study contributes to the literature on RBV theory, which suggests that banks can create innovative ERM strategies and leverage its unique resources, such as mobile banking, to remain competitive and sustain their performance. The innovation aligns with the principles of TAM, which highlights the significance of perceived usefulness and ease of use in technology adoption.

Saudi Viewers Watching Foreign Medical Dramas: A Uses and Gratification Approach

Medical dramas have become a widely consumed media genre, providing audiences with health information and entertainment. Based on the uses and gratifications theory, this study analyzed the factors motivating Saudi medical students to watch foreign medical dramas and explored how these motivations were related to their engagement (selectivity, attentiveness, and involvement) and use of the health knowledge acquired. Data were collected from 2,004 Saudi undergraduate and graduate students (age: 19 to 26 years) enrolled in both pre-clinical and clinical stages of their medical education at several Saudi universities. Participants reported regular viewing of foreign medical dramas. The sample included students from diverse academic stages to ensure representation across both early and advanced levels of medical training. The findings indicated that students primarily watched medical dramas for entertainment and relaxation rather than for health-related insights. However, the desire for health-related knowledge was the only motivation directly linked to the use of information from these dramas. Entertainment motivations had an indirect positive impact on health information use through active engagement, while attentiveness to storylines negatively influenced information utilization.

The mediating role of loneliness between psychological resilience and health-related quality of life among patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a cross-sectional study using structural equation modeling

BackgroundCancer patients’ health-related quality of life (HRQoL) has always been a hot discussion spot. Loneliness and psychological resilience are considered to be significant psychosocial factors impacting the HRQoL of the cancer population. However, there is a lack of studies on the interrelationship among loneliness, resilience, and HRQoL in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). This study aims to explore the relationship between resilience and HRQoL among NPC patients and to recognize the potential mediating role of loneliness in this relationship.MethodsA cross-sectional study was performed in this study. A convenience sampling method was conducted to recruit participants. A total of 155 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma were required to complete the socio-demographic questionnaire, the Cancer Loneliness Scale (CLS), the 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC-10), and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Quality of Life Questionnaire C-30 (EORTC QLQ-C30) from April 2022 to August 2022 in a tertiary grade A hospital in Guangzhou, China. The multiple linear regression analysis was used to identify influencing factors, and structural equation modeling with the bootstrap method was performed to test the mediating role of loneliness. This study complied with the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines.ResultsHRQoL was at a median level among NPC patients, with a mean score of 64.19 (24.38) on the Global health status/quality of life (GHS/QoL) scale. Monthly household income (B = 4.973, P < 0.001), cancer stage (B=-4.342, P = 0.004), psychological resilience (B = 0.914, P < 0.001), and loneliness (B =-1.083, P < 0.001) were independent factors related to HRQoL, explaining 36.7% of the variance of HRQoL. Psychological resilience exerted its direct negative impact on loneliness (β = -0.199, BC95%CI = -0.318/-0.089), and it also had a both direct and indirect positive impact on HRQoL (β = 0.653, BC95%CI = 0.423/0.912; β = 0.142, BC95%CI = 0.046/0.296). Loneliness exerted a partially mediating impact on the relationship between psychological resilience and HRQoL.ConclusionsNPC patients with higher monthly household, early stages of cancer, higher resilience, and lower loneliness show a better HRQoL. Resilience has an indirect positive impact on HRQoL by influencing loneliness in NPC patients. It is suggested that healthcare staff should strive to enhancing resilience and reducing loneliness as new strategies to promote NPC patients’ HRQoL further.

Consumer Intention to Purchase Organic Ice Cream: How Health Awareness and Product Knowledge Support SDG 3 on Good Health and Well-Being

Objective: The study aims to examine the factors influencing consumer purchase intention towards organic ice cream in Indonesia. Adopting organic food products aligns with SDG 3, which promotes a healthy lifestyle. Theoretical Framework: This study employs the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) framework as the foundation for model development. The TPB model is expanded with additional variables: health awareness and product knowledge. Method: This type of research is quantitative research with a sample of 262 respondents. The sampling technique in this study used purposive sampling, and the data collection method used a survey. To test the data collected with Structural Equation Model (SEM) Partial Least Square (PLS). Results and Discussion: Consumers with high knowledge about the health benefits of organic ice cream tend to have a higher intention to purchase it. Product knowledge has a positive and significant indirect impact on the intention to buy organic ice cream through its influence on attitude. Research Implications: Our research highlights the knowledge gap regarding organic ice cream, in developing countries such as Indonesia. By extending the TPB model, we provide a more nuanced understanding of consumer decision-making processes. Originality/Value: Theoretically, this study addresses a gap in the existing literature by examining the mediating role of attitudes in predicting the intention to purchase organic ice cream. In practice, marketers need to increase organic food advertising and conduct consumer education to help them recognize organic products and their good health effects.

Collectivism-based organizational culture, green empowerment, environmental self-identity and workplace green behavior: the stimulus-organism-response perspective

Drawing on the stimulus-organism-response theory, the present study aims to investigate the mediating role of environmental self-identity on the relationship of collectivism-organizational culture and green empowerment with employee’s workplace green behavior. By adopting procedural remedy and purposive sampling approach, data was collected from 207 administrative employees in higher education institutions of China. Response rate in this study is 41.40%. The authors employed partial least square -structural equation modelling to validate the proposed hypotheses. The current empirical findings confirmed the direct effect of collectivism-organizational culture and green empowerment on employee’s environmental self-identity. It is also proven that environmental self-identity significantly and positively influence employee’s workplace green behavior. This study concludes with significant positive indirect impact of collectivism-organizational culture and green empowerment on the employees WGB through environmental self-identity. This study enriches the literature on sustainable development by examining the integrated relationship of collectivism-organizational culture, green empowerment, self-identity and green behavior. The limitations and implications have been elaborated at the end of research.

Self-rated health and health-related quality of life among cancer patients: the serial multiple mediation of anxiety and depression

BackgroundHealth-related quality of life (HRQOL) in cancer patients has attracted increasing attention, which may be associated with self-rated health (SRH), anxiety, and depression. However, limited studies have focused on the mediating role of anxiety and depression in the relationship between SRH and HRQOL among cancer patients. Therefore, this study aims to explore the serial multiple mediating effects of anxiety and depression between SRH and HRQOL in cancer patients.MethodsThis cross-sectional study investigated a total of 565 hospitalized cancer patients in Anhui province in China from November 2020 to October 2021. SRH was assessed using a single-item measure, anxiety and depression were assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and HRQOL was assessed using the EuroQol-5 Dimension (EQ-5D, three-level version). Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The relationships between SRH, anxiety, depression, and HRQOL were evaluated by Pearson correlation analysis. The serial multiple mediation of anxiety and depression was assessed by SPSS PROCESS macro.ResultsSRH, anxiety, depression and HRQOL were significantly correlated(P < 0.001). In comparison to the fair SRH, the good SRH exhibited a significantly positive direct effect (Effect = 0.2366, Bootstrap 95%CI: 0.0642 ~ 0.4090) and total effect on HRQOL (Effect = 0.4761, Bootstrap 95%CI: 0.2975 ~ 0.6546). Conversely, the poor SRH demonstrated a significantly negative total effect on HRQOL (Effect= -0.4321, Bootstrap 95%CI: -0.7544~ -0.1099). When considering the fair SRH as the reference group, the poor SRH displayed a negative indirect effect on HRQOL through the single mediation of anxiety (Effect= -0.1058, Bootstrap 95%CI: -0.2217~ -0.0107) and the serial mediation of anxiety and depression (Effect= -0.0528, Bootstrap 95%CI: -0.1233~ -0.0035). Conversely, the good SRH had a positive indirect impact on HRQOL through the single mediation of anxiety (Effect = 0.1153, Bootstrap 95%CI: 0.0583 ~ 0.1900) and depression (Effect = 0.0667, Bootstrap 95%CI: 0.0206 ~ 0.1234), as well as the serial mediation of anxiety and depression (Effect = 0.0575, Bootstrap 95%CI: 0.0192 ~ 0.1030).ConclusionSRH can improve HRQOL through the decrease of anxiety and depression in cancer patients. Focusing on SRH would be beneficial for their mental health and HRQOL in cancer patients.

The Relationship Between Corporate Social Responsibility and Consumers’ Purchase Intention with the Intermediary Variable of Altruistic Attribution

With the rapid development of the current market economy of China, corporate social responsibility had gradually begun to be taken into one of the factors that determine their purchase intention for the consumers when they purchased the products. At present, most of the researchers were about exploring the impact of corporate social responsibility on the final behaviour of the consumers, but the internal mechanism of corporate social responsibility that affected the behaviour of consumers was relatively rare. Based on the attribution theory, the mediation model with moderation to study its internal mechanism had been constructed in this research, also the methods of questionnaire survey were used to the empirical test for the conceptual model in this research. The results of the study showed that the corporate social responsibility had a direct positive impact on the purchase intention of the consumers, also it had an indirect positive impact on the purchase intention of consumers that through the altruistic attribution; The perceived effectiveness of consumer would positively regulate the influence of the corporate social responsibility on altruistic attribution; while the corporate social responsibility-corporate ability beliefs would negatively affect the relationship between altruistic attribution and purchase intention of consumers. Finally, the suggestions had been put forward for the results obtained by the survey in this research, which could be taken as reference for the academic community and the industry.

The Effects of E-Procurement Tools on Supply Chain Performance of Procuring Entities in Tanzania: Mediation Effect of Behavioral Intention

The objective of this study was to look into the impact of an e-procurement tools on the supply chain performance of procuring entities in Tanzania. The study examined the direct and indirect effects of e-sourcing, e-tendering, and e-contract management on supply chain performance. The Social Information Processing theory, the Affect Infusion Model, and the original Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology guided the research. This study used an explanatory cross-sectional survey research design. The study used the positivist research paradigm, with a sample size of 322 respondents obtained through stratified sampling. Data were gathered using a questionnaire and a documentary review. Partial Squares Structural Equation Modeling with the help of SmartPLS 4 software was used for inferential statistics analysis, while IBM SPSS Statistics Version 26 was used for descriptive statistics analysis based on respondent profile data. The findings indicate that e-sourcing, e-tendering, and e-contract management have a positive direct and indirect impact on supply chain performance. The study concludes that, e-sourcing, e-tendering, and e-contracting are variables that influence supply chain performance through the behavioral intention to use e-procurement tools. According to the findings of this study, Tanzanian public procurement bodies should look into the effectiveness of e-procurement tools in ensuring effective and efficient supply chain

Research on Factors Affecting Innovative Start-Up Intention of University Students in Vietnam

The purpose of this research is to determine the relationship of personality traits, human capital, and the surrounding environment on the innovative start-up intention of university students, through the mediators of perceived desirability and risk-taking propensity. Using the SPSS 26 and AMOS 26 research tools, analysis techniques and hypotheses of the linear structural model were tested. The research data was collected through interviews with 1,046 university students in Vietnam. The research results show that factors related to personality traits, human capital, surrounding environment, perceived desirability, and risk-taking propensity have a positive direct and indirect impact on the innovative start-up intention of university students. This is a new finding in the context of Vietnam's socio-economic landscape. The research also reveals differences in the impact of these factors on the innovative start-up intention of students, between male and female groups, family backgrounds, and field of study. For the group with prior exposure to innovative entrepreneurship, social norms have a significant impact on entrepreneurial intention. The research results provide a basis for local authorities and universities to develop policy implications and management approaches to better support and enhance the innovative start-up intention of students, in order to contribute to the country's socio-economic development.

Effects of the proportion of students with special educational needs on middle school teachers’ well-being

This study explores the impact of the proportion of students with special educational needs (SEN) on Chinese middle school teachers’ job stress, satisfaction, and exhaustion, amid increasing emphasis on inclusive education. The research hypothesizes that a higher proportion of SEN students may lead to increased job stress, decreased job satisfaction, and heightened job exhaustion. This study utilized data from the China Education Panel Survey, and Structural equation modeling was used for data analysis. The study found a significant negative association between the proportion of SEN students and teacher job satisfaction (β = −0.09, p &amp;lt; 0.05). No direct relationship was found between the proportion of SEN students and job stress (β = 0.00, p &amp;gt; 0.05) and job exhaustion (β = −0.08, p &amp;gt; 0.05). However, there was an indirect positive impact of the proportion of SEN students on job exhaustion via job satisfaction (β = 0.05, p &amp;lt; 0.05). This research provides valuable insights into potential strategies for enhancing job satisfaction and reducing job exhaustion among teachers with a high proportion of SEN students.

Economic Growth Mediates Village Funds And Original Local Government Revenue Towards Poverty In Regencies/Cities In East Java

Purpose: The mean of its research was to examine the effect of Village Funds and Local Government Revenue (PAD) on poverty mediated by economic growth in regencies and cities in East Java province.Design/Method/Approach: The research population is regencies/cities in East Java in 2015–2022. The data on Village Funds and Local Government Revenue were taken from the DJPK of the Ministry of Finance Republic Indonesia situs. The data on poverty and economic growth were obtained from the website of the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS) of East Java Province. The data analysis used path analysis. Findings: The outputs declare Village Funds had a significant positive influence on poverty. Village Funds have no significant influence on economic accretion. Local Government Income has a significant negative influence on poverty. Local Government Revenue has a significant positive influence on economic accretion. Economic increases has a significant positive influence on poverty. Village Funds have a significant positive indirect impact on poverty by way of economic growth. Original Government Revenue has a significant positive indirect influence on poverty through economic increases.Originality/Values: Economic growth must be encouraged because it is able to mediates village funds and original local government revenue towards poverty in regencies/cities In East Java.

Test of a moderated serial mediation model of management commitment to the ecological environment

The purpose of our paper is to assess the interrelationships of management commitment to the ecological environment (MCEE), harmonious environmental passion (HEP), task-related and proactive pro-environmental behaviors (PEB), and qualitative job insecurity (QJIS) in a moderated serial mediation model. Data gathered from hotel customer-contact employees were utilized to gauge the aforementioned links. The results from the partial least squares structural equation modeling suggest that HEP and task-related PEB mediate the linkage between MCEE and proactive PEB in a sequential manner. The results further suggest that QJIS mitigates the influence of MCEE on HEP. More importantly, QJIS reduces the indirect positive impact of MCEE on proactive PEB through HEP and task-related PEB such that the indirect positive impact is lower among hotel employees with high QJIS than among hotel employees with low QJIS. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

Harnessing knowledge management for green product competitive advantage with green process innovation as a mediator

Knowledge Management makes businesses sustainable and enhances their competitive edge. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the relationship between knowledge management and green product competitive advantage through the mediating role of green process innovation. To achieve the sustainability goals of Industry 5.0, workplace technology management can play a role in fostering the type of skill development that is necessary in this context. This study used a convenience sampling technique, where 200 responses were obtained via online Google form. The goodness of the sample was confirmed with the help of G∗Power (3.1.9.2) software, which calculated a sample size of 188. This study has empirically tested the four dimensions of the knowledge management process: Acquisition, creation, storage and retrieval, and utilization of knowledge with green innovation (green process innovation) and green product competitive advantage. All dimensions of knowledge management except knowledge creation showed a significant positive effect on green process innovation and an indirect positive impact on green product competitive advantage. This study has analyzed those dimensions of knowledge where knowledge is acquired, created, stored & retrieved, and utilized, and these have not been investigated in earlier empirical research more often concerning the green innovation leading toward the green product competitive advantage. Through this research, the managers will integrate the knowledge management system into the organization's processes to make organizations more innovative by acquiring, storing, and utilizing new knowledge. Organizations will step forward and gain a competitive advantage in line with sustainable development goals and principles of Industry 5.0.

High-resolution satellite images reveal the prevalent positive indirect impact of urbanization on urban tree canopy coverage in South America

Trees in urban areas act as carbon sinks and provide ecosystem services for residents. However, the impact of urbanization on tree coverage in South America remains poorly understood. Here, we make use of very high resolution satellite imagery to derive urban tree coverage for 882 cities in South America and developed a tree coverage impacted (TCI) coefficient to quantify the direct and indirect impacts of urbanization on urban tree canopy (UTC) coverage. The direct effect refers to the change in tree cover due to the rise in urban intensity compared to scenarios with extremely low levels of urbanization, while the indirect impact refers to the change in tree coverage resulting from human management practices and alterations in urban environments. Our study revealed the negative direct impacts and prevalent positive indirect impacts of urbanization on UTC coverage. In South America, 841 cities exhibit positive indirect impacts, while only 41 cities show negative indirect impacts. The prevalent positive indirect effects can offset approximately 48% of the direct loss of tree coverage due to increased urban intensity, with full offsets achieved in Argentinian and arid regions of South America. In addition, human activity factors play the most important role in determining the indirect effects of urbanization on UTC coverage, followed by climatic and geographic factors. These findings will help us understand the impact of urbanization on UTC coverage along the urban intensity gradient and formulate policies and strategies to promote sustainable urban development in South America.

Sustainable household capability of young adults: Role of parental norms

This paper aims to investigate the influence of two types of parental norms, descriptive and injunctive, on young adults' sustainable attitudes and sustainable household capability through the application of the Knowledge-Attitude-Behaviour (KAB) theory. Empirical research was conducted by an online questionnaire on a sample of 356 young adults in Croatia aged 18 to 28. The results confirmed that young adults had high levels of sustainable knowledge and attitudes. They exhibited a high tendency towards saving water and energy, and a low tendency towards sustainable and green household purchases and recycling and reusing as integral practices of sustainable household capability. The results proved the adequacy of the KAB theory in the context of sustainable knowledge, attitudes, and behaviour, affirming the theory's assumptions in terms of sustainable household capability among young adults. The results also confirmed that young adults' sustainable knowledge had a strong significant positive impact on sustainable attitudes, that sustainable attitudes had a significant positive impact on sustainable behaviour in the context of sustainable household capability, and that sustainable knowledge had an indirect significant positive impact on sustainable behaviour in the context of sustainable household capability. Considering parental norms, the results confirmed a significant positive impact of descriptive parental norms related to sustainable parental behaviour on the practices constituting sustainable household capability of young adults. At the same time, injunctive parental norms were shown to have a limited impact on both attitudes and behaviours in the context of capability. Given that previous research brought contradictory and inconclusive findings that lead to misinterpretation in the research field, the results bring a comprehensive and transparent understanding and an overview of sustainable behaviour among young adults in the context of their sustainable household capability.

Country Risk and Sustainable Development: Mediating Role of Economic Growth

Sustainable development is of great significance for present and future generations. This study examines the mediation role of economic growth on sustainable development through country risk. We have employed the structural equation modeling (SEM) technique to examine the direct and indirect effects of exogenous and endogenous variables. We conducted this analysis using a sample of 24 countries that contributed approximately 65% of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from 2000 to 2019. The empirical analysis based on direct effects establishes that country risk reduces economic growth and sustainable development. Interestingly, the empirics of indirect effects reveal that country risk has a positive and significant indirect impact on sustainable development by using economic growth as a mediator. Moreover, the negative direct effect of country risk on sustainable development is greater than the total negative effect due to the positive indirect effect. Finally, policymakers should minimize country risk to promote economic growth, ensuring environmental, social, and economic sustainability for the safety of current and future generations.

상사의 임파워링 리더십이 사무직 근로자의 직무배태성에 미치는 효과

Retaining competent workers is critical since it impacts on continuity of work, recruitment and training costs, and other aspects of organizational effectiveness. This study aims to identify key factors that can prevent office workers from leaving their organization and job, and to complement the limitations of turnover research. Specifically, the study aims to explore the antecedents of job satisfaction, which can promote employee retention and prevent turnover, by analyzing the structural relationships among variables. The study surveyed 350 office workers with more than one year of tenure using an online questionnaire and analyzed the structural relationships among variables using structural equation modeling. The results showed that empowering leadership did not have a direct impact on job satisfaction, but had an indirect positive impact through psychological trust and voice. Psychological trust had a positive direct and indirect impact on job satisfaction and voice, while voice had the largest positive direct impact on job satisfaction. Additionally, both psychological trust and voice had a mediating effect between empowering leadership and job satisfaction, and their double mediation effect was also statistically significant. Based on these results, the study provides empirical evidence for the effectiveness of empowering leadership and suggests practical implications for both academic and organizational settings.