Positive Growth Effects Research Articles

More use or cleaner use? Income growth and rural household energy-related carbon emissions in central China

Rural household income growth may have two counteracting effects on energy-related carbon emissions, by stimulating total energy consumption and by changing the energy structure towards low-carbon energy sources. This study aims to provide more insight into this relationship for the case of rural central China, a region where coal-fired electricity dominates modern energy consumption. Based on survey data collected in 2019, energy-related carbon emissions (ECE) and energy-related carbon intensity (ECI) per unit of energy are calculated. A mediation effect model is employed to distinguish between energy structure changes and total electricity consumption as mediating factors in the income growth – carbon emission relationship. We argue that whether biomass fuels are treated as either carbon-intensive or as carbon neutral has major consequences for the analysis. When biomass fuel is treated as carbon-intensive, income-related changes in energy structure and electricity consumption have opposite effects on ECE, but both are conducive to the reduction of ECI. When biomass fuel is treated as carbon-neutral, the positive effect of growth in coal-fired electricity consumption on ECE is much larger than the negative effect of the change in energy structure. Based on these findings, we present several recommendations for balancing two main targets of China's rural revitalization vitalization policy, i.e. rural household income growth and the transition towards low-carbon energy sources in China.

Dynamic monitoring and modeling of the growth-poverty-inequality trilemma in the Nile River Basin with consistent night-time data (2000–2020)

• A novel technical framework was proposed for dynamical economic development monitoring and the GPI trilemma modeling with NTL RS approach. • A new NTL-based GDP estimation and spatialization strategy was developed for regions without abundant field surveying data. • The GPI trilemma in the Nile River basin was firstly modeled combined with NTL RS data and statistical data. • The inter-relationships between each of the economic growth, poverty and inequality were discussed. Aligning with UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 1 and 10, the ‘growth-poverty-inequality’ (GPI) nexus has become widely discussed in economic development research. It remains an important discourse regarding sustainable development. To monitor spatiotemporal economic development and analyse the GPI trilemma, especially in developing and undeveloped regions, a novel framework based on long-term, consistent night-time light (NTL) remote sensing (RS) data (2000–2020) was proposed and applied to the Nile River Basin. An optimized, multitemporal estimation strategy was developed for gross domestic product (GDP) estimation and spatialization. Then, the poverty map and inequality indices for the entire basin and each country were prepared. Combining GDP growth, the poverty map, inequality index, and other relevant economic statistics, the GPI nexus for the Nile River Basin was modelled. Findings suggest that the proposed framework can not only effectively map GPI dynamics but also accurately model the GPI nexus. We found that the economic development of countries in the Nile River Basin is characterised by widespread poverty and inequality and restricted spatial distribution. The spatiotemporal evolution patterns of GPI vary with upstream and downstream geographic locations. Regarding their interaction, study findings revealed that economic growth relieves poverty, whereas high inequality levels aggravate poverty. Moreover, high inequality dampens the positive effect of economic growth on poverty reduction. This study offers new insight into GPI trilemma modeling and analyses using NTL data, an economically viable alternative to mass field surveys that is especially relevant for developing and underdeveloped regions.

Is EU Fiscal Governance Effective? A Case Study for the Period 1999–2019

This paper examines the factors that influence the effectiveness of fiscal governance in the EU through a panel of 19 Eurozone countries for the period 1999–2019 using an OLS method. The results show the positive effects of economic growth, inflation and the change in the general government balance on the fiscal forecast error. Furthermore, the fiscal forecast error is negatively affected by the level of public debt and by elections. Fiscal transparency is integrated into the analysis through independent financial institutions, which positively influence the general government balance forecast error. Finally, Economic Adjustment Programs have a positive effect on the fiscal forecast error, thus improving the efficiency of fiscal governance. This paper suggests that independent budgetary institutions, such as fiscal councils, and the delegation of further responsibilities to them increase countries’ sustainability of public finances.

Positive effects of fast growth on locomotor performance in pelagic fish juveniles

Many laboratory experiments on aquatic vertebrates that inhabit closed water or coastal areas have highlighted negative effects of fast growth on swimming performance. Nonetheless, field studies on pelagic fishes have provided evidence of survival advantages of faster-growing individuals. To reconcile this contradiction, we examined the relationship between growth rate and swimming performance as a continuous function for juveniles of chub mackerel (Scomber japonicus) using 3D tracking analysis. For experiments, 20, 24, 27, and 30 days post-hatch individuals within the size range of 14.5–25.3 mm were used. We found that the growth–swimming (burst speed) relationship in chub mackerel was substantially positive and it was supported by morphological traits such as muscle area, which were also positively related with growth rate. This finding is consistent with field observations showing selective survival of fast-growing individuals of this species, reconciling the current contradiction between laboratory experiments and field observations. A dome-shaped quadratic curve described the relationship between growth rate and burst speed better than a linear or cubic function, suggesting that growth may trade-off with swimming performance, as reported in many previous studies, when it is extremely fast. These results, obtained from the rarely tested offshore species, strongly suggests the importance of experimental verification using animals that inhabit various types of habitats in understanding the principles underlying the evolution of growth–locomotor relationship.

The Effect of Leverage, Liquidity, Profitability, and Growth on Dividend Policy with Firm Size as a Moderating Variable at Consumer Goods Industry Manufacturing Companies Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange 2015-2020

This study examines and analyses the effect of Leverage, Liquidity, profitability, and growth on dividend policy with firm size as a moderating variable in consumer goods industrial manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2015 to 2020. This study uses the purposive sampling method to use secondary data with the sample of 39 manufacturing companies in the consumer goods industry sector. The data analysis technique used moderation regression analysis using the SPSS 21 application program. The regression results from this study showed that leverage partially did not affect dividend policy. Meanwhile, Liquidity, Profitability, and Growth partially have a significant positive effect on dividend policy. Furthermore, Leverage, Liquidity, Profitability and Growth significantly affect companies' dividend policy in the consumer goods sector listed on the IDX in 2015-2020. Firm size can moderate leverage's negative influence on dividend policy. Firm size can also moderate the positive effect of Liquidity, Profitability, and Growth on the dividend policy of consumer goods sector companies listed on the IDX in 2015-2020. Keywords: Leverage, Liquidity, Profitability, Growth, dividend policy, Firm Size.

Health-education-disaster green low-carbon endogenous economic growth model and its new accompanying effects

When considering that health, education and sudden disaster are transformed into endogenous factors at a specific period, what is the law of endogenous economic growth? This paper studies this law from three aspects which are production, household and government, takes health and education as endogenous factors into production and consumption, and runs sudden disasters through the whole paper. This study divides human capital into healthy human capital and educational human capital in order to explore the relationship between them, then, this paper obtains the health risk effect and capital contribution constraint effect. After constructing the Hamilton function and maximizing the utility function, the economic growth rate is obtained. The empirical analysis is carried out according to the 2020 China Statistical Yearbook, and the positive growth and negative reduction effects are obtained. After analyzing the types of government expenditure, the government financial distribution regulation is obtained.

Book Review

When considering that health, education and sudden disaster are transformed into endogenous factors at a specific period, what is the law of endogenous economic growth? This paper studies this law from three aspects which are production, household and government, takes health and education as endogenous factors into production and consumption, and runs sudden disasters through the whole paper. This study divides human capital into healthy human capital and educational human capital in order to explore the relationship between them, then, this paper obtains the health risk effect and capital contribution constraint effect. After constructing the Hamilton function and maximizing the utility function, the economic growth rate is obtained. The empirical analysis is carried out according to the 2020 China Statistical Yearbook, and the positive growth and negative reduction effects are obtained. After analyzing the types of government expenditure, the government financial distribution regulation is obtained.

Understanding how aging experiences shape late career development

AbstractMature workers’ aging experiences are central in transforming the self and as such can shape career‐related outcomes, such as late career work engagement and motivation to continue working. We therefore investigate the relations between aging experiences (i.e., personal growth, gaining self‐knowledge, social loss, and physical loss) and career‐related outcomes. Moreover, we explore psychological capital as an adaptive set of resources that can explain how aging experiences are linked to mature workers’ motivation to continue working and late career work engagement. We test our hypotheses using structural equation modeling based on two‐wave data from a sample of 346 Spanish mature workers. Results showed that psychological capital mediated the positive effects of personal growth and gaining self‐knowledge as well as the negative effect of social loss on career‐related outcomes. By highlighting the links between mature workers’ experiences, resources, and career‐related outcomes, we contribute to a more profound understanding of late career development.

Fiscal dominance in India: an empirical estimation.

Theoretical works have pointed at the potentially damaging impacts of fiscal dominance, i.e. fiscal authority’s profligacy being accommodated by the monetary authority. Recent scholarship have highlighted to the contrary the arguably positive effects of such accommodation under certain circumstances. Ergo, a surgical snipping of the cord of joint working of monetary and fiscal policy for all times is not advisable. This paper examined fiscal dominance in the Indian context by measuring the impact of Centre’s primary fiscal balance on real interest rates and real GDP growth rate in the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) framework. It was observed that an improvement in fiscal balance had a positive impact on real interest rate prior to 2003, and in the subsequent periods it turned negative. With regard to the impact of primary fiscal balance on real growth rate, it was observed that the period of 1978–2003 remained a period of dominant fiscal presence and an improvement in fiscal balance—i.e. a reduction in fiscal deficit—had a positive growth effect. In the period following 2003, there was no evidence of fiscal dominance in the Indian economy.

Environmental footprint impacts of nuclear energy consumption: The role of environmental technology and globalization in ten largest ecological footprint countries

This study investigates the environmental footprint impacts of nuclear energy consumption in the presence of environmental technology and globalization of the ten largest ecological footprint countries from 1990 up to 2017. By considering a set of methods that can help solve the issue of cross-sectional dependence, we employ the Lagrange multiplier bootstrap cointegration method, Driscoll-Kraay standard errors for long-run estimation and feasible generalized least squares (FGLS) and panel-corrected standard errors (PCSE) for robustness. The finding revealed significant negative effects of nuclear energy consumption, environmental-related technology, population density and significant positive effects of globalization and economic growth on ecological footprint. These results are also robust by assessing the long-run impacts of predictors on carbon footprint and CO2 emissions as alternate ecological measures. These conclusions provide the profound significance of nuclear energy consumption for environmentally sustainable development in the top ten ecological footprint countries and serve as an important reference for ecological security for other countries globally.

Biochar extract compounds alter germination and growth of crop seed

Positive or negative plant growth effects due to soluble organic biochar compounds are not well understood. Increasing quantities (0 g, 0.5 g, 2.5 g, and 5 g) of four different biochars were extracted with 0.1 M HCl, which were separated and marked as W, X, Y, and Z. Corn and rice seeds were treated with biochar extract solution. The rice straw Y and Z solutions positively affected corn germination, while the cotton straw Z solution negatively affected it. When differences were present, the biochar extract solutions always caused reduction in rice seed germination. The rice straw and cotton straw solutions tended to increase, the wheat straw Y and Z solutions tended to decrease, while little differences were evident in terms of the effects of the Spartina alterniflora solution on corn bud and root length when compared to the control. Increasing the biochar solution extract treatments reduced the rice bud and root length when compared to the control, especially with solution Z. Organic compounds, e.g., triethyl phosphate, 2,4-bisphenol, were present in the solutions, which likely promoted seed growth at lower concentrations. Determining the presence of biochar organic moieties helped with designing biochars for enhanced seed germination, growth, and crop productivity.

Contributions of creative outputs to economic growth: A disaggregated analysis

This paper studies contributions of creative outputs to economic growth across a sample of 131 nations. Results show that the contributions of overall creative outputs to economic growth are statistically insignificant; however, upon disaggregation, creative goods and services show positive growth dividends, especially in 5‐year growth. In contrast, growth returns from capital formation are more immediate, while those from labor are diffused. ISO quality certifications showed positive growth effects. When contributions of creative goods were examined across nations with different growth rates, creative goods and services positively contributed to 5‐year growth in median growth nations, but not elsewhere.

Insights from European nations on the spatial impacts of renewable energy sources on CO2 emissions

Previous studies ignore the geospatial dynamics effects between renewable energy (RE) and CO2 while assessing such impacts in European countries. Further, most studies wrongfully use RE in its aggregated format rather than decomposing RE by its components. This is important as not all the RE sources share the same characteristics. We fill these gaps in the literature by investigating the effects of various forms of RE on CO2 emissions in 36 European countries from 2000 to 2018. Spatial econometric models have been used to better understand the results. A series of indicative tests confirmed the use of the Durbin panel model and the inclusion of spatial interaction of CO2 emissions in models. Our results confirm the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis in our sample. We identify a positive and significant effect of economic growth (captured through GDP per capita), foreign direct investment, urbanization, and energy intensity on CO2 emissions. Our findings indicate that increasing well-established RE technologies such as geothermal and hydropower lower CO2 emissions. However, increasing RE sources with more advanced technologies such as solar, wind, and bioenergy either increase or have no impact on CO2 emissions. Increasing RE sources as a whole result in a reduction of CO2 emissions in our sample of countries. Moreover, our spatial models suggest that foreign direct investment lowers local CO2 emissions, while neighboring countries’ energy intensity and trade openness increase local CO2 emissions. Lastly, we find solar and bioenergy generation in adjacent countries increase local CO2 emissions, whilst geothermal generation in adjacent countries lowers local CO2 marginally.

Fiscal transfers and economic convergence: Evidence from China

AbstractThis study investigates how fiscal transfers affect economic convergence across Chinese provinces. Using the data of 26 provinces over 1995–2016, we find that fiscal transfers promote an ‘immiserising convergence’ resulting from a decline in growth in rich provinces. Specifically, general fiscal transfers play an insignificant role, and special fiscal transfers facilitate the economic growth of poor provinces but impede that of rich provinces. Furthermore, the mechanism tests show that the positive effect of fiscal transfers on productive expenditures declines with higher initial real GDP per capita and becomes negative in rich provinces. To further identify causality, we conduct a difference‐in‐differences estimate by exploiting the Great Western Development Programme as a quasi‐natural experiment and employ an instrumental variable approach with ethnic diversity in 1990 as the instrument. In sum, our findings suggest that the positive growth effect of fiscal transfers in poor provinces is at the cost of sluggish growth in rich provinces.

Does green environmental policy promote renewable energy consumption in BRICST? Fresh insights from panel quantile regression

Understanding the aspects of renewable energy consumption is important because it contains low-carbon emissions, which could significantly reduce global greenhouse gas emissions. Little research is done on exploring the factors of renewable energy consumption. The primary objective of this study is to examine the impact of the green environmental policy on renewable energy consumption in the BRICST economies over data ranging from 1991 and 2019 by using panel quantile regression. The fixed-effects and quantile regressions confirm the positive effects of economic growth and non-renewable energy on renewable energy consumption. In contrast, the consumer price index and CO2 hurt the renewable energy consumption in the BRICST economies. The estimate of the environmental policy stringency appears to be negative and insignificant in the fixed-effects model. On the other side, the estimates of the environmental stringency index appear to be positively significant from the 10th–40th quantiles and negatively significant from 50th–90th quantiles. Robust policy implications of our outcomes are also discussed.

Copy number variation of bovine DYNC1I2 gene is associated with body conformation traits in chinese beef cattle.

Previous, studies have shown that the dynein transporter compound has a role in diseases such as intellectual disability and cerebral malformations. However, the study of CNV in DYNC1I2 gene has not been reported. Q-PCR and data association analysis were used for DYNC1I2 gene copy in this study. In this study, blood samples were collected from five breeds of Chinese cattle (Qingchuan cattle, Xianan cattle, Yunling cattle, Pinan cattle and Guyuan cattle) for DYNC1I2 gene CNV type detection. SPSS 20.0 software and method of ANOVA were used to analyzed the association between types of CNV and growth traits. Results reveal that the distribution of different copy number types in different cattle breeds is different. Association analysis indicate that CNV of DYNC1I2 gene showed a positive effect in cattle growth: in XN cattle, individuals with deletion types showed better performance on height at hip cross (P<0.05); individuals with duplication types have better performance on body length (P<0.05) in PN cattle; individuals with deletion types was significantly correlated with chest width and Hucklebone width (P<0.05) in QC cattle; individuals with duplication types in Yunling cattle were better than the normal types, and there was a significant correlation between copy number variant and chest depth (P<0.05). The results showed that CNV markers closely related to cattle production traits were detected at DNA level, which could be used as an important candidate molecular marker for marker-assisted selection of growth traits in Chinese cattle, and provided a new research basis for genetics and breeding of Chinese beef cattle.

Do Agriculture Technologies Influence Carbon Emissions in Pakistan? Evidence based on ARDL technique.

Pakistan is an agrarian country, and the usage of agriculture technologies has increased in this country over the period of time. Extensive use of agriculture technologies may have detrimental impact of environment quality through an increase in carbon dioxide emissions. This study examines the impact of agriculture technologies on carbon emissions in Pakistan by using the annual time series data for the period 1973-2018. For long-run and short-run analysis, autoregressive distributed lag model is applied and the results reveal that cointegration exists among the variables. Long-run results show a significant positive impact of pesticide and economic growth on carbon emission, whereas short-run results confirm the positive effect of economic growth on carbon emissions in Pakistan. This study has important policy implications, such as to increase sustainable economic growth through agriculture sector; there is a need to introduce green technologies that produce less carbon emissions.

Determinants of life expectancy in most polluted countries: Exploring the effect of environmental degradation.

Better understanding of the determinants of national life expectancy is crucial for economic development, as a healthy nation is a prerequisite for a wealthy nation. Many socioeconomic, nutritional, lifestyle, genetic and environmental factors can influence a nation's health and longevity. Environmental degradation is one of the critical determinants of life expectancy, which is still under-researched, as the literature suggests. This study aims to investigate the determinants of life expectancy in 31 world's most polluted countries with particular attention on environmental degradation using the World Bank annual data and British Petroleum data over the period of 18 years (2000-2017). The empirical investigation is based on the model of Preston Curve, where panel corrected standard errors (PCSE) and feasible general least square (FGLS) estimates are employed to explore the long-run effects. Pairwise Granger causality test is also used to have short-run causality among the variables of interest, taking into account the cross-sectional dependence test and other essential diagnostic tests. The results confirm the existence of the Preston Curve, implying the positive effect of economic growth on life expectancy. Environmental degradation is found as a threat while health expenditure, clean water and improved sanitation affect the life expectancy positively in the sample countries. The causality test results reveal one-way causality from carbon emissions to life expectancy and bidirectional causalities between drinking water and life expectancy and sanitation and life expectancy. Our results reveal that environmental degradation is a threat to having improved life expectancy in our sample countries. Based on the results of this study, we recommend that: (1) policy marker of these countries should adopt policies that will reduce carbon emissions and thus will improve public health and productivity; (2) environment-friendly technologies and resources, such as renewable energy, should be used in the production process; (3) healthcare expenditure on a national budget should be increased; and (4) clean drinking water and basic sanitation facilities must be ensured for all people.

Foreign Direct Investment and Its Impact on The Regional Level: A Prospective Analysis

Some countries in development like China, the Philippines, Nigeria, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Vietnam and Ukraine do an active promotion in order to raise foreign direct investment (FDI) under the proposal of a positive effect in economic growth while implementing this type of fundraising. Thus, it constitutes an important source of external financing, allowing increases in productivity through technologic transfer as well as rises in competitiveness, efficiency in the managerial models, and expand the countries’ exporting capabilities. After the economic crisis experienced in the 80’s, Latin America, specifically countries like Argentina, Brazil and Mexico, that have based their financing in loans, stopped to raise money by these means when the crisis appeared, arising as an alternative the FDI, also on account of the foreign creditors demanding the payment of their issued resources and the warning of not giving any more financing until these countries restructure their economies, it was established the capital stock of the recipient economy. In this context, it was necessary to implement structural reforms, which were contemplated in the “Washington Consensus”, such as price stabilization and fiscal deficit control with the purpose of recovering the trust to investors and reactivating the capital flow through loans or foreign direct investment aimed at Latin America. In 1990, foreign direct investment became the primary source of external financing to peripheral countries (Aitken y Harrison, 1999:1).

Does urbanization redefine the environmental Kuznets curve? An empirical analysis of 134 Countries

• The impact of urbanization on the coupling between economy and environment is non-linear. • The traditional EKC theory is extended by adding the social indicator. • Threshold regression model is applied to investigate the non-linear causality. • Comparatively analyzes the threshold regression results of four income groups. • Urbanization does not help reduce environmental pressures. The purpose of this article is to explore the impact of urbanization on the coupling of economic growth and environmental quality. The traditional environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis explains the inverted U-shaped relationship between the economy and the environment. This study expands the traditional EKC theory by adding social indicator, which also corresponds to the three aspects (social, economic, and environmental) required for sustainable development in 2030. Based on the panel data of 134 countries from 1996 to 2015, the threshold regression model is applied to investigate the non-linear causality between the variables. The threshold variable is urbanization, and the impact mechanism of economic growth on carbon dioxide emissions and ecological footprint is tested. The results show that: urbanization strengthens the positive correlation between the economy and carbon emissions and ecological footprint. The positive effect of economic growth on the ecological footprint is greater than that of carbon emissions. Trade openness and natural resource rents increase environmental pressure. Population aging and renewable energy improve the quality of the environment. There is heterogeneity in the values and change trend of the regression coefficients of different income groups. Unlike the coefficient growth trend in the results of all countries, the following situations occur. As urbanization successively crosses the threshold, the positive effect of economic growth on carbon dioxide emissions in high income countries diminishes. The coefficient of the lower middle income group has an inverted U-shape. When the ecological footprint is the explained variable, the coefficient of the high income group becomes U-shaped.