Positive Delta Research Articles

Electrocardiographic estimation of successful ablation site in patients with manifest inferior paraseptal accessory pathway

Inferior paraseptal accessory pathways (APs) have a wide distribution and prediction of AP location before radiofrequency ablation is very important in such pathways. We aimed to estimate successful ablation site based on electrocardiogram in 137 patients (mean age: 25.8±9.0; 126 males) with single manifest inferior paraseptal AP.Right endocardial inferior paraseptal APs were discriminated from left endocardial APs with an R/S ratio <1 (p<0.001) and negative delta wave in lead V1 (p<0.001). Epicardial inferior paraseptal APs were differentiated from endocardial APs by a negative delta wave in lead II (p=0.001), positive delta waves in AVR (p<0.001) and V1 (p=0.012), R/S ratio <1 in lead II (p=0.03), and R/S ratio ≥1 in V1 (p=0.04).Delta wave polarity and R/S ratio in lead V1 differentiate right endocardial inferior paraseptal APs from left endocardial APs. Delta wave polarities in leads II, AVR and V1, and R/S ratios in leads II and V1 estimate epicardial inferior paraseptal APs.

Abstract T P297: Arterial Spin Labeled MRI Quantifies Cerebral Blood Flow Changes with Blood Pressure from Acute to Subacute Stroke

Background: Hemodynamic interventions, such as blood pressure (BP) manipulation, are often utilized to optimize perfusion of the ischemic territory. Scant data support theoretical effects of permissive hypertension or BP reduction, yet arterial-spin labeled (ASL) MRI may chronicle quantitative cerebral blood flow (CBF) changes. We used serial ASL to measure CBF changes associated with hemodynamic interventions, based on arterial occlusion site and collaterals. Methods: Serial ASL acquired in 148 consecutive cases of acute ischemic stroke at a single center during a 3-year period. A pseudo-continuous ASL pulse sequence with background suppressed 3D GRASE (gradient and spin echo) readout with 4 post-labeling delays was used, with normalization of quantitative CBF on a standard neurovascular template. CBF values and relative changes were measured in the affected hemisphere and in discrete regions of infarct core and collateral territories. Results: 148 cases (median age 68 years (IQR 62-82), 73 women) were studied. Overall, CBF (ml/100g/min) was related to age (r=-0.40, p&lt;0.001) but not gender (male: 39±9.7, female: 40.6±8.2; r=.05, p=NS). Serial studies were obtained in 126 cases, including 2 studies in 91, 3 in 32, and 4 in 3. Median time to 1 st , 2 nd , 3 rd , and 4 th ASL study was 11.3, 39.7, 140.7, and 121.3 hrs and median CBF at these timepoints was 39.9 (IQR 28-48); 42.2 (IQR 29-52); 47.1 (IQR 36-56); and 35.6 (IQR 34-41). Average changes in CBF from study 1 to 2, 2 to 3, 3 to 4 were +2.2; +3.4; -14.8. Average CBF ratio between leptomeningeal and perforating MCA regions was 1.1. The correlation of initial delta CBF (study 1 to 2) with initial delta BP (1 to 2) was r=-0.1, p=NS. Average delta CBF/delta mmHg SBP was 0.25. At studies 1 and 2, lower BP was related to higher CBF (r=-0.148, p=0.102). Overall, delta BP was not linked with CBF (r=0.002, p=NS) or delta CBF (r=-0.108, p=NS). For those with low initial CBF (&lt;40), positive delta BP was strongly associated with lower CBF at study 2 (r=-0.552, p=0.006). Conclusions: Blood pressure modification, permissive or interventional, may differentially affect CBF in the ischemic core and collateral regions. ASL provides a novel method for non-invasive mapping of serial changes in absolute CBF quantification in the ICU and beyond.

Blood collection on filter paper for HIV antibodies detection: experience of SampaCentro Project

Introduction: Blood samples collected on filter paper (dried blood spot [DBS]) is an immunoassay that has been used for antibodies screening. Objective: To evaluate the strategy of DBS blood collection for detection of HIV antibodies, evaluation of Q-Preven HIV 1 + 2 - DBS kit lot, and to analyze the stability of DBS samples. Methods: Blood collection on DBS was performed according to World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations. The evaluation of the kit lot for HIV antibodies detection was performed using delta (d) values from the results of 774 DBS samples from volunteers men who have sex with men (MSM) recruited in the central region of Sao Paulo city, Brazil. Results: DBS blood collection was performed without complications. The positive (5.26) and negative (5.23) delta values allowed to clearly differentiate HIV antibodies reactive and non-reactive samples. We observed good performance of the kit lot and samples were stable on DBS form. Conclusion: Blood collection on DBS is feasible for the study of MSM population and is suitable for laboratory routine. The overall performance of Q Preven HIV-1 + 2 - DBS kit was satisfactory, having reached the quality levels required for the development of this study.

Chaotic Dynamics in Kicked Ratchets

A one-dimensional deterministic continuous dynamical system is studied and shown to exhibit chaotic behavior and complex trans- port properties. Our model is an overdamped rocking ratchet with finite dissipation that is periodically kicked with a delta function driving force, without finite inertia terms or temporal or spatial stochastic forces. This is perhaps the simplest model reported in the literature for a ratchet that exhibits a complex chaotic behavior. We present both numerical and analytical results that predict many key features of the system, such as current reversals, as well as the presence of chaotic behavior and bifurcation. In particular, we show that alternate positive and negative delta functions as the unbiased driving force on a ratchet potential produces both synchronized and chaotic regions.

Appropriate Localisation of Epicardial Accessory Pathway of WPW Sydrome-Initial Step to Success

Subepicardial posteroseptal accessory pathways, which consist of accessory pathway (AP) required ablation from within the subepicardial venous system, including the middle cardiac vein and other coronary veins [1]. As the electrocardiogram (ECG) algorithm accurately localizes accessory pathways prior to ablation, it may help the physician advice the patient regarding the likelihood of success and complications of the procedure. The ECG algorithm may aid selection of patients in whom coronary sinus angiography should be perfomied in order to delineate its anatomy, thus allowing mapping in the coronary veins and anomalous structures of the coronary sinus. A negative delta wave in lead II identifies the subepicardial posteroseptal accessory pathway as per Arudas criteria [2]. We report a Electrocardiogram manifest of classic subepicardial pathway arising from middle cardiaac vein. We report a 50years old lady presented with history of recurrent palpitations of 2 years duration.No past history of any cardiac disease. Baseline ECG (Figure 1) showed evidence of pre- excitation with positive delta wave in leads I, AVL, V1-V6 with negative delta wave in leads II, III, AVF. A distinctive ECG clue for the presence of an epicardial AP was a steeply negative delta wave in lead II.Electrophysiological studies confirmed subepicardial pathway arising from middle cardiac vein and successful ablation of the pathway done.Since we localized the pathway as epicardial pathway on ECG by applying Arudas criteria, coronary venous sinus angiography done and ablated by left sided approach by transseptalpuncture, stressing importance of ECG localization.

8. Pre-stimulus interhemispheric coupling of brain rhythms predicts cognitive-motor performance in healthy humans

Human actions are characterized by time-varying engagement of functional distributed networks within the brain. We investigated whether specific pre-stimulus interhemispheric connectivity, as a measure of synchronized network between the two brain hemispheres, could lead to a better performance (as revealed by reaction-time) in a simple visuomotor task. Eighteen healthy adults underwent electroencephalographic recording during a visual go/no-go task. In the go/no go task, were presented random visual stimulus (50% green or red). Subjects had to press the mouse button after the green stimuli. Interhemispheric coupling was evaluated by the spectral coherence among all the electrodes covering one hemisphere and matched with those on the other. The task-related results showed that interhemispheric connectivity decreased in delta and increased in alpha band. Furthermore, were observed positive delta and negative alpha correlations with the reaction time. The best performance is anticipated by the better functional coupling of cortical circuits involved during the processing of the sensorimotor information, occurring between the two hemispheres pending cognitive go/no-go task. The present study provides direct confirmation for a stochastic linking of cortical areas, as revealed by oscillatory synchronization of the two hemispheres in selected EEG rhythms, in determining behaviour performance in a cognitive-motor task.

Prestimulus Interhemispheric Coupling of Brain Rhythms Predicts Cognitive–Motor Performance in Healthy Humans

Physiological and neuroimaging studies suggest that human actions are characterized by time-varying engagement of functional distributed networks within the brain. In this study, we investigated whether specific prestimulus interhemispheric connectivity, as a measure of synchronized network between the two hemispheres, could lead to a better performance (as revealed by RT) in a simple visuomotor task. Eighteen healthy adults underwent EEG recording during a visual go/no-go task. In the go/no-go task, a central fixation stimulus was followed by a green (50% of probability) or red visual stimulus. Participants had to press the mouse button after the green stimuli (go trials). Interhemispheric coupling was evaluated by the spectral coherence among all the electrodes covering one hemisphere and matched with those on the other. The frequency bands of interest were delta (2-4 Hz), theta (4-8 Hz), alpha 1 (8-10.5 Hz), alpha 2 (10.5-13 Hz), beta 1 (13-20 Hz), beta 2 (20-30 Hz), and gamma (30-40 Hz). The task-related results showed that interhemispheric connectivity decreased in delta and increased in alpha band. Furthermore, we observed positive delta and negative alpha correlations with the RT; namely, the faster the RT, the lower delta and the higher alpha connection between the two hemispheres. These results suggested that the best performance is anticipated by the better functional coupling of cortical circuits involved during the processing of the sensorimotor information, occurring between the two hemispheres pending cognitive go/no-go task.

Defining the Delta Virus Positivity in Hepatitis B Virus Infections

OZET Objective: The aim of this study was to retrospectively analyze the frequency of anti-hepatitis delta virus (anti-HDV) antibody in hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive cases. Materials and Methods: Anti-HDV and anti-hepatitis B virus core antigen (antiHBc) IgM seropositivity was researched using ELISA method in patients who attended the clinical microbiology laboratory at Ondokuz Mayis University Medical Faculty Hospital between August 2005 and August 2010 and were determined to be positive for HBsAg. Results: A total of 2314 HBsAg-positive patients were included in this study. AntiHDV positivity was detected in 36 (1.56%) of them. By taking the anti-HBc IgM seropositivity as reference, among patients who had positive delta antibody, 33 (91.67%) subjects were evaluated as “super-infection” and 3 (8.33%) patients were evaluated as “co-infection”. Conclusion: Although anti-HDV positivity in our region is relatively lower than in the other regions, emphasis should be given to the prevention and monitoring researches due to the high level of mortality and morbidity of the illness. (Viral Hepatitis Journal 2014; 20(2): 64-66)

Free circulating nucleic acids in plasma and serum as a novel approach to the use of internal controls in real time PCR based detection

Internal controls (ICs), are the main components of any real-time PCR based amplification methods, which are co-purified and co-amplified with the actual target. The existence of free circulating nucleic acids in plasma and serum (CNAPS) has been known for many years. The aim of this study was to verify whether CNAPS can be used as ICs in real-time PCR based detection and quantification of DNA or RNA targets in plasma and serum samples. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) as a housekeeping gene, was chosen at random as CNAPS to serve as an intrinsic internal control in two different real-time PCR based quantification models in plasma and serum. Viral loads of hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA and hepatitis delta virus (HDV) RNA were quantified as actual targets in parallel to GAPDH as IC in a total of 519 serum or plasma samples including 21 healthy controls, 202 positive chronic hepatitis delta patients, 37 chronic hepatitis C patients, 168 chronic hepatitis B patients, 52 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, and 39 patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis/non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. GAPDH levels did not show significant variance in different patient groups and yielded positive signals in all 519 patients with persistent cycle threshold (CT) values 27.85±1.57 (mean±standard deviation (SD)). Reproducibility of the GAPDH amplification in HDV RNA and HBV DNA quantifications was shown with a SD value of CT ranging from 0.42 to 2.14 (mean SD; 1.18) and 0.24 to 1.75 (mean SD; 1.03), respectively.In conclusion, the freely circulating nucleic acids can clearly be used as internal controls for real-time PCR based detection and quantification of any RNA and mainly DNA targets (pathogens) in serum or plasma and this simply excludes the compulsory external addition of any IC molecules into the reaction.

On the log discrepancies in toric Mori contractions

It was conjectured by McKernan and Shokurov that for all Mori contractions from X to Y of given dimensions, for any positive epsilon there is a positive delta, such that if X is epsilon-log terminal, then Y is delta-log terminal. We prove this conjecture in the toric case and discuss the dependence of delta on epsilon, which seems mysterious.

ECG Response: February 25, 2014

HomeCirculationVol. 129, No. 8ECG Response: February 25, 2014 Free AccessResearch ArticlePDF/EPUBAboutView PDFView EPUBSections ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload citationsTrack citationsPermissions ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InMendeleyReddit Jump toFree AccessResearch ArticlePDF/EPUBECG Response: February 25, 2014 Originally published25 Feb 2014https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.008852Circulation. 2014;129:922IntroductionA 20-year-old female college student presents to the college health service with complaints of an irregular heart rate. She does not have any known cardiac disease but has noted palpitation in the past. However, the palpitations have lasted for only 1 to 2 hours and have been infrequent. She has never seen a physician for these palpitations. However, she has never noted her heartbeat to be irregular.The rhythm in ECG A is irregular, and there is no pattern to the irregularity. Therefore, the rhythm is irregularly irregular. There are only 3 supraventricular rhythms that are irregularly irregular: sinus arrhythmia (1 P-wave morphology and stable PR interval); wandering atrial pacemaker (or multifocal atrial rhythm), which has a rate <100 bpm, or multifocal atrial tachycardia, which has a rate >100 bpm (≥3 different P-wave morphologies without any 1 dominant P wave); or atrial fibrillation (no organized atrial activity). There are no organized P waves noted before any of the QRS complex; hence, this is atrial fibrillation. Two different QRS complex morphologies are noted. The narrow complexes (complexes 6, 12, and 14; +) have a normal duration and morphology. The wide QRS complexes (duration, 0.16 second; *) have a tall R wave in lead V1, but the morphology is not typical for a right bundle-branch block nor do they resemble a left bundle branch block. Therefore, they do not have a morphology typical for aberration due to a bundle branch block. In addition, there is positive concordance across the precordium (ie, tall R wave in V1-V6). These features are seen with direct myocardial activation (ie, QRS complex that is ventricular, paced or due to Wolff-Parkinson-White). The QRS complexes are very irregular and are therefore not likely ventricular in origin. There are no pacing stimuli seen. More important, there is no relationship between QRS complex width (duration) and rate (or RR interval). It can be seen that there are narrow complexes associated with fast rates (short RR intervals) (└┘) and wide QRS complexes at slow rates (long RR intervals; ↔). This is not seen with typical rate-related aberration but is associated with an accessory pathway or pre-excitation, specifically Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome.Download figureDownload PowerPointECG B is her baseline ECG, which was obtained after sinus rhythm was restored. The rhythm is regular at a rate of 60 bpm. There is a P wave before each QRS complex (+), and there is a stable but short PR interval (0.12 second). The P wave is positive in leads I, II, aVF, and V4 through V6. Hence, this is a normal sinus rhythm with a short PR interval. The QRS complex morphology is identical to what was seen in ECG A. The widened QRS complex is due to a “slurred” upstroke (↑), known as a delta wave. The delta wave is due to initial activation that is directly through the ventricular myocardium and thus slow; there is then fusion with later activation through the normal conduction system. The short PR interval and the delta wave are characteristic of a Wolff-Parkinson-White pattern. The presence of a Q wave in leads I and aVL (▴), and the positive delta wave in lead V1 are seen with a left lateral bypass tract. The QT/QTc intervals are slightly prolonged (480/480 milliseconds) but are normal when the prolonged QRS complex duration is considered (420/420 milliseconds). Because the QT interval includes the QRS complex, ST segment, and T wave, prolongation of the QRS complex duration needs to be considered when establishing the QTc interval. The amount of widening of the QRS complex that is above the normal width needs to be subtracted from the QT interval measurement before the QT is corrected for heart rate.Download figureDownload PowerPointPlease go to the journal’s Facebook page for more ECG Challenges: http://goo.gl/cm4K7. Challenges are posted on Tuesdays and Responses on Wednesdays.FootnotesCorrespondence to Philip J. Podrid, MD, West Roxbury VA Hospital, Section of Cardiology, 1400 VFW Pkwy, West Roxbury, MA 02132. E-mail [email protected] Previous Back to top Next FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails February 25, 2014Vol 129, Issue 8 Advertisement Article InformationMetrics © 2014 American Heart Association, Inc.https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.008852PMID: 24566067 Originally publishedFebruary 25, 2014 PDF download Advertisement

Electrocardiographic Diagnosis of Fasciculoventricular Accessory Pathway

A 28-year-old patient with no structural heart disease was referred for electrophysiological study and ablation to treat an electrocardiographically-documented pattern of ventricular preexcitation. The baseline electrocardiogram (Figure 1A) showed sinus rhythm with a short P-R interval, positive delta wave at leads I, II, III, and aVF, and transition at lead V3, which indicated an anteroseptal or midseptal pathway. Three catheters were positioned: for the coronary sinus (CS) (proximal [pCS] and distal [dCS]), His bundle, and right ventricle (RV). Coinciding with the initial acceleration of sinus rhythm, episodes of second-degree (Wenckebach) atrioventricular block were observed (Figure 1B; asterisks mark blocked P waves), with the peculiarity that ventricular preexcitation remained constant in all the ventricular complexes. This occurred even in the escape complexes that followed the blocked P waves, coinciding with the following sinus P wave. These spontaneous phenomena were diagnostic for the presence of a fasciculoventricular pathway. These are uncommon accessory pathways that connect the bundle of His or its branches with the ventricular septal myocardium. The diagnosis of accessory fasciculoventricular pathway usually requires intravenous adenosine administration or atrial pacing maneuvers. The baseline intracardiac recordings confirmed the existence of ventricular preexcitation, with an HV interval of 10 ms (Figure 2A). Thereafter, preexcitation remained the same during progressive prolongation of the P-R interval, and was also observed in the escape beats following the blocked P waves (Figure 2B). Once these accessory pathways have been identified, they do not need to be eliminated because they are not associated with sustained tachycardia. A I

Blood Pressure and Intracranial Aneurysms in Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease

Background/Aims: Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is correlated with an increased frequency of both intracranial aneurysms (ICANs), and arterial hypertension (AH). The aim of our study was to search for the association between blood pressure (BP) and ICANs in ADPKD patients. Methods: Sixty-eight adult, pre-dialysis phase ADPKD patients underwent both screening for ICANs with magnetic resonance angiography of the brain, and ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM). Results: ICANs were diagnosed in 10 patients (ICAN(+) group), while in 58 were not (ICAN(-) group). The nighttime maximum diastolic blood pressure (DBP), maximum increase in DBP from measurement to measurement (positive delta of DBP) at night, and the standard deviation of the daytime mean arterial pressure were significantly higher in ICAN(+) compared to ICAN(-) patients. Additionally, in a subgroup of patients after 45 years-of-age, ICAN(+) patients had significantly higher maximum 24-hour and daytime systolic blood pressure, maximum 24-hour, daytime, nighttime DBP, maximum daytime and nighttime positive delta of DBP compared to ICAN(-) cases. Conclusions: Development of ICANs in hypertensive ADPKD patients is accompanied with higher values of some BP parameters measured by ABPM. Hypertensive ADPKD patients with substantial fluctuations in BP assessed by ABPM, especially those after 45 years-of-age, should become candidates for screening for ICANs.

Abstract 073: Late Onset of Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome in a 48 year old Post-Menopausal Woman

Introduction— First described in 1930, Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, or WPW syndrome, is an abnormal extra electrical pathway in the heart that can lead to tachycardia, palpitations and rarely sudden cardiac death. The extra electrical pathway of Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome is present at birth and is a congenital heart abnormality occurring in about 1 per 1,000. Young men have a higher incidence of WPW than women. Episodes of tachycardia often first occur when they are in their teens or early 20s. The definitive treatment of WPW is a destruction of the abnormal electrical pathway by radiofrequency catheter ablation with success rates of as high as 95%. If radiofrequency catheter ablation is successfully performed, the condition is generally considered cured. Recurrence rates are typically less than 5% after a successful ablation. Case description— A 48 year old post-menopausal woman with intermitted palpitations and syncope over approximately one month which were affecting her daily activities presented to our family practice center complaining of worsening palpitations and new onset tachycardia. An EKG revealed a positive delta wave. Unique features were late onset diagnosis at age of 48 year old post-menopausal female without any previous documentation of WPW syndrome on an EKG. WPW is usually diagnosed in men in their early 20’s. Additional cardiac workup included a 24hr Holter monitor; exercise EKG treadmill test and transthoracic echocardiography which helped confirm the initial diagnosis. The patient had catheter ablation approximately two months after the first symptoms appeared. The procedure involved a Thermocool ® catheter and 3D electroanatomic mapping using the Ensite ® system which led to a successful ablation of the accessory pathway. Discussion— This case involves a very rare condition with an atypical late onset. WPW is normally diagnosed in men at a young age. The unique and rare features of this case were the recent onset of palpitations, syncope and tachycardia, evolving at a fairly advanced age of 48 years old, without any previous documentation of WPW syndrome in an ECG. The patient also had a full recovery and had no further symptoms of palpations, syncope and tachycardia since undergoing the catheter ablation surgery.

Atlantic cooling associated with a marine biotic crisis during the mid-Cretaceous period

Most of the marine biotic crises that occurred during the hot Mesozoic era have been linked to episodes of extreme warmth(1,2). Others, however, may have occurred during cooler intervals that interrupted Cretaceous greenhouse warmth(3-5). There are some indications of cooling in the late Aptian(6-8) (116-114 Myr ago), but it has not been definitively linked to biotic crisis. Here we assess the timing and magnitude of late Aptian cooling and its association with biotic crises using a suite of geochemical and micropalaeontological assessments from a marine sediment core from the North Atlantic Ocean as well as global biogeochemical modelling. Sea surface temperatures derived from the TEX86 proxy suggest that surface waters cooled by about 5 degrees C during the two million years, coincident with a positive delta C-13 excursion of approximately 2 parts per thousand in carbonates and organic carbon. Surface productivity was enhanced during this period, but the abundance of planktonic foraminifera and nannoconid phytoplankton declined. Our simulations with a biogeochemical model indicate that the delta C-13 excursion associated with the cooling could be explained by the burial of about 812,000 gigatons of carbon over 2.5 million years. About 50% of the this carbon burial occurred in the Atlantic, Southern and Tethys ocean basins. We conclude that global cooling during greenhouse conditions can cause perturbations to marine ecosystems and biogeochemical cycles at scales comparable to those associated with global warming

The change in differing leukocyte populations during vaccination to bovine respiratory disease and their correlations with lung scores, health records, and average daily gain1,2,3

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is the most economically important disease in U.S. feedlots. Infection can result in morbidity, mortality, and reduced average daily gain. Cheap and reliable genetic methods of prediction and protection from BRD would be highly advantageous to the industry. The immune response may correlate with BRD incidence. Cattle (n = 2,182) were vaccinated against common viral and bacterial pathogens of BRD. Two blood samples were collected, one during booster vaccination and one 21d later, enabling 3 phenotypes for each trait [prebooster (pre), postbooster (post), and delta (post minus pre)]. From the blood samples innate and adaptive responses [counts of white blood cells (WBC), neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils] were measured. In addition, feedlot ADG and binary traits [health records (HR; 0 = healthy, 1 = ill) and lung scores (LS; collected at harvest; 0 = no lesions, 1 = lesions)] were also recorded. Traits ADG, HR, and LS have all been significantly correlated with infection to BRD. In this investigation we aimed to find correlations between the immune response and ADG, HR, and LS to find an easily measurable trait that would be a good predictor of BRD resistance after vaccination. The results showed an average positive delta for the innate immune response (eosinophils, basophils, neutrophils), whereas the adaptive immune response had an average negative delta (lymphocytes). Overall, we discovered that the immune responses had moderately high heritabilities (h(2); lowest: delta monocytes, 0.21 ± 0.05; greatest: pre lymphocytes: 0.5 ± 0.05), with lymphocytes having the greatest h(2) throughout the study (h(2) ≥ 0.41). All genetic correlations were calculated using bivariate REML models. Although LS did not significantly correlate with any of the immune phenotypes, both ADG (post lymphocytes, -0.24 ± 0.12) and HR (pre eosinophils, -0.67 ± 0.29; delta WBC, -0.5 ± 0.24, and delta lymphocytes, -0.67 ± 0.21) did. All the significant genetic correlations with HR were negative; resistance to BRD appears to be a function of greater delta lymphocytes and WBC. The increase in eosinophils may potentially link its role in decreasing lymphocytes. These results may enable producers to predict if revaccination, quarantine, and breeding of animals is required to reduce the incidence of BRD postvaccination. In addition, immunological phenotypes maybe used to aid genomic selection indices to select animals with greater rates of protection after BRD vaccination.

Two trapped particles interacting by a finite-range two-body potential in two spatial dimensions

We examine the problem of two particles confined in an isotropic harmonic trap, which interact via a finite-ranged Gaussian-shaped potential in two spatial dimensions. We derive an approximative transcendental equation for the energy and study the resulting spectrum as a function of the interparticle interaction strength. Both the attractive and repulsive systems are analyzed. We study the impact of the potential's range on the ground-state energy. Complementary, we also explicitly verify by a variational treatment that in the zero-range limit the positive delta potential in two dimensions only reproduces the non-interacting results, if the Hilbert space in not truncated. Finally, we establish and discuss the connection between our finite-range treatment and regularized zero-range results from the literature.

GAS MOTION STUDY OF Lyα EMITTERS ATz∼ 2 USING FUV AND OPTICAL SPECTRAL LINES,

We present the results of Magellan/MMIRS and Keck/NIRSPEC spectroscopy for five Lya emitters (LAEs) at z=2.2 for which high-resolution FUV spectra from Magellan/MagE are available. We detect nebular emission lines including Ha on the individual basis and low-ionization interstellar (LIS) absorption lines in a stacked FUV spectrum, and measure average offset velocities of the Lya line, Delta_v_Lya, and LIS absorption lines, Delta_v_abs, with respect to the systemic velocity defined by the nebular lines. For a sample of eight z~2-3 LAEs without AGN from our study and the literature, we obtain Delta_v_Lya = 175+/-35 km s^{-1}, which is significantly smaller than that of Lyman-break Galaxies (LBGs), Delta_v_Lya=400 km s^{-1}. The stacked FUV spectrum gives Delta_v_abs = -179 +/- 73 km s^{-1}, comparable to that of LBGs. These positive Delta_v_Lya and negative Delta_v_abs suggest that LAEs also have outflows. In contrast to LBGs, however, the LAEs' Delta_v_Lya is as small as |Delta_v_abs|, suggesting low neutral hydrogen column densities. Such a low column density with a small number of resonant scattering may cause the observed strong Lya emission of LAEs. We find an anti-correlation between Lya equivalent width (EW) and Delta_v_Lya in a compilation of LAE and LBG samples. Although its physical origin is not clear, this anti-correlation result appears to challenge the hypothesis that a strong outflow, by means of a reduced number of resonant scattering, produces a large EW. If LAEs at z>6 have similarly small Delta_v_Lya values, constraints on the reionization history derived from the Lya transmissivity may need to be revised.

Paradoxical response during para-Hisian pacing

A 21-year-old man underwent electrophysiology study for recurrent palpitation and documented narrow complex tachycardia. The baseline 12-lead electrocardiogram showed sinus rhythm with intermittent preexcitation and positive delta waves in all precordial leads, inferior leads, and lead I. The sinus cycle length and atrio-His and His-ventricular intervals were 662, 70, and 37 ms (non-preexcited beat), respectively (Figure 1). Ventricular pacing showed concentric, nondecremental ventriculoatrial (VA) conduction.

Noninvasive 3D mapping system guided ablation of anteroseptal pathway below the aortic cusp

A 31-year-old man was referred with a history of syncope and recurrent palpitations for 16 years. During an episode of palpitation, regular tachycardia with right bundle branch block and 1:1 ventriculoatrial conduction was documented on the 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG). In sinus rhythm, the ECG revealed preexcitation with a usual small R wave in lead V1 and a positive delta wave in lead I, lead aVL, and the inferior leads (δ in lead III<lead II) (Figure 1). The ECG findings were consistent with a right anteroseptal pathway.