Positive Consequences Research Articles

SUSTAINABLE GROWTH THROUGH GREEN ECONOMY: AN ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS

Objective: In recent years, the growing interest and awareness of environmental issues have once again brought the issue of population growth to the forefront, exerting significant pressure on production. The increased pressure on production and the resultant rise in production have led to a faster trend in consumption. As a natural consequence of both trends, detrimental effects on ecological balance and the environment have begun to emerge. The concept of "green economy" has emerged as an approach to restore the disrupted ecological balance and operationalize this order. This widely spreading concept has begun to generate significant policies at both national and international levels. Method: This study aims to examine the relationship between renewable energy production, consumption, wastewater, and solid waste data, covering the years 1980-2022, using econometric methods to explore the relationship between green economy and economic growth in the context of Turkey. The objective is to analyze the impact of the recent and rapidly increasing transformation towards "green economy" on the long-term trajectory of economic growth in Turkey. Result and Discussion: Based on the findings of the study, it has been determined that, at the 0.05 level of statistical significance, there is no long-term relationship between the variables and economic growth, as well as no long-term significant relationship between any of the variables. When the statistical significance is accepted at the 0.10 level, a significant long-term relationship is identified between the amount of wastewater and renewable energy, with a 1% increase in wastewater leading to a 0.82% increase in renewable energy. Implications: The findings of this study and the transformation towards a green economy, widely covered in the literature, have been recognized in Turkey and an unnamed green transformation movement has begun. As the results of the analysis of the study indicate, the policies introduced for the transition to a green economy and transformation efforts have a positive and significant impact on economic growth in the long term, but the same cannot be claimed for the short term, but in the future, advances in scientific and technological progress and over-specialization will inevitably have positive consequences on global and domestic sustainable development in the short term. Originality/Value: The distinctive feature of this study from similar studies in the literature is that the relationship between the green economy and sustainable growth was analyzed empirically and with five separate econometric models. Recommendations: Turkey needs serious reforms in education in its transition to a green economy. In addition, there is a need for political determination to use environmentally friendly sectors that are more open to innovation and competition, such as renewable energy and green building sectors.

Forced migration in wartime: decision-making and trajectory

Russia’s full-scale war against Ukraine has caused a new wave of mass forced migrants. We conducted in-depth interviews with Ukrainians forced to relocate to Finland, to understand the differences in their migration decision-making and migration trajectories. The study showed that there are two models of forced migration. The first one is spontaneous and fast, where respondents didn’t consider the positive and negative consequences of migration. The second one includes a longer process of decision-making: respondents considered mainly the characteristics of their household and the conditions in the country of residence. They were motivated by the loss of security in Ukraine, and the inability to find sources of income or provide education for their children. But there were also factors that made decision-making more difficult and longer. Specifically, the need to be separated from the family, the lack of access to information about the support system abroad, and the high risks to life during the journey (caused by the danger of leaving the occupied territory and lack of other trajectories except to go to Finland through Russia).

Eating Problems in Young Adults: The Role of Unbalanced Family Cohesion and Difficulties in Emotion Regulation

Strong emotional bonds with the family often result in many positive consequences for human functioning, including emotional regulation and eating patterns. The study aimed to determine the relationship between unbalanced family cohesion, emotion regulation, and eating problems in young adults. A correlation research design was used with a non-probability purposive sampling technique to recruit a sample consisting of 300 university students, 50% men and 50% women, with an age range from 18 to 25 years ( M = 21.60, SD = 1.95) from the four universities of Lahore. Demographic performa, Family Cohesion Scale (FCS), Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), and Eating Problem Scale (EPS) were used to explore the study variables. Data was analyzed using SPSS 21. Pearson product-moment correlation indicated a significant positive relationship between unbalanced family cohesion, difficulties in emotion regulation, and eating problems. It also revealed that a positive relationship was found among unbalanced family cohesion, difficulties in emotion regulation, and eating problems in young adults. Mediation analysis shows that emotion regulation fully mediates the relationship between unbalanced family cohesion and eating problems in young adults. The findings will help students and family counselors identify risk factors of eating problems and its impact on their transition into marriage life. They will contribute to a deeper understanding of unbalanced family dynamics, difficulties in emotion regulation, and eating problems.

The who, when, and why of pacifier use.

Social and familial consequences of pacifier use remain poorly understood. The present study attempts to shed more light on the characteristics of parents using pacifiers with their infants and to explore how pacifier use affects perceptions of infant emotionality, maternal stress, and parental efficacy. The study sample consisted of 428 mothers (range: 17-49 years) of infants (0-36 months) who completed a comprehensive questionnaire assessing infant and parent characteristics as well as parenting practices and pacifier use. We compared attitudes toward pacifiers, parenting stress, children's levels of reactivity and self-regulation, and maternal efficacy among Pacifier Users, Never-Users, and families that Tried-Pacifiers. The reported results reveal benefits of pacifier use for the family relationships, namely reduced parenting stress (p = 0.018), better parent-child dynamics (p < 0.001), and more positive perceptions of child's affectivity (p = 0.006), which are all important aspects of infant development. Our findings highlight developmental benefits of pacifier use, a practice that is known to have both positive and negative long-term consequences for healthy child development. It is, therefore, important for health professionals to have discussions about the pros and cons of pacifier use with parents. The study provides novel insights into how and why mothers use pacifiers and into the psychological consequences of this practice. We found pacifier use is associated with less maternal stress, better mother-child dynamics, and more positive perceptions of child's affectivity. Our findings document developmental benefits of pacifier use adding a new perspective to the debate on pacifiers. Doctors, health visitors, pediatric nurses, and midwives may consider this evidence when advising parents on pacifier use.

The effect of green credit policy on carbon emissions based on China’s provincial panel data

The attainment of “carbon peaking” and “carbon neutrality” is of utmost significance for the optimal progress of China’s economy. As the main channel for green finance, the carbon reduction effectiveness of green credit policy is worth discussing. This article constructs an analytical framework for green credit, carbon emissions and technological advancement. Based on panel data from 30 provincial administrative regions in China from 2012 to 2021, this article uses the mediation effect model and the Spatial Durbin Model to investigate the transmission mechanism and spatial spillover effect of green credit policies on carbon emissions. According to baseline regression model results, our study revealed that overall, carbon emissions were reduced by green credit. The spatial spillover effect of green credit on carbon emissions points to the interconnectedness of different regions in terms of environmental impact. The significant negative indirect effect indicates that the increase of local green credit also has a significant inhibitory effect on surrounding carbon dioxide emissions. It suggests that efforts to reduce carbon emissions in one area can have positive consequences for neighboring regions as well. Green credit is able to reduce carbon emissions indirectly via technological advancement, according to the mechanism testing mediation effect model. This paper presents policy recommendations for relevant departments.

Weight-control compensatory behaviors patterns and correlates: a scoping review.

Weight-control compensatory behaviors appear to be a commonly utilized strategy for health management. Individuals engaging in such behaviors believe that the negative consequences from unhealthy behaviors will be neutralized by the positive consequences of healthy behaviors. Existing research has not reached a consensus on whether such behaviors are beneficial to health. This review aims to (1) summarize the patterns of weight-control compensatory health behaviors in different populations, (2) highlight correlates, predictors, and consequences of compensatory health behaviors, and (3) identify gaps for future research. This review identified existing literature using online databases, CINAHL and PubMed. Primary research articles published after 2000 with non-clinical participants of 12 years or older who engaged in compensatory behaviors for weight control purposes were selected. Descriptive statistics were extracted from 35 studies. Different patterns for weight-control compensatory behaviors emerged between the female and male sexes. Meanwhile, no clear association of such behaviors was found across weight status. Studies reviewed also highlighted three main areas of compensatory behaviors for weight management, namely dietary behaviors, physical activity, and alcohol consumption. Weight-control compensatory behaviors had significant negative correlations with mental health indicators, such as psychosocial functioning, emotional differentiation ability, and body esteem. Weight-control compensatory behaviors may be a widely used weight management strategy and can be presented in diverse ways. Although believed to be promoting health, such behaviors appear to be associated with poor psychological well-being. This emerging topic warrants more in-depth investigation to establish the direction of causation. Future research may investigate the relationship between weight-control compensatory behaviors and various aspects of health over longer time periods, examine the engagement of multiple weight-control compensatory behaviors, and focus on high-risk populations.

Shaping pro-environmental behavior through CSR messaging: Insights from the norm activation model

Encouraging consumers to adopt environmentally responsible behaviors is essential for achieving sustainability goals in hospitality and tourism. Service providers can leverage the norm activation model (NAM) and anthropomorphism to activate consumers’ personal norms and motivate pro-environmental actions. While NAM has been widely applied to pro-environmental intentions in tourism and hospitality, two critical research gaps remain (i) the role of message framing valence and (ii) the influence of anthropomorphism in shaping personal norms. We conducted two experiments where participants were exposed to CSR messages framed based on positive or negative consequences and anthropomorphic vs. non-anthropomorphic depictions of the Earth. Results showed that message framing alone did not significantly influence personal norms or pro-environmental behaviors. However, when positive consequence framing was combined with anthropomorphism, the effectiveness of the messages significantly increased, leading to greater pro-environmental intentions. These findings suggest that hospitality players can enhance the impact of their CSR messages by incorporating anthropomorphism and emphasizing positive outcomes.

The military ombudsman as an institutional guarantee for the protection of military personnel rights (based on foreign experience)

The article draws attention to the fact that today, in the conditions of Russian aggression, the state of compliance with the rights of domestic servicemen has significantly deteriorated, which requires the improvement of the constitutional and legal tools for their protection. The foreign experience of developed democratic countries in solving the problem of effectively ensuring the rights of the military through the introduction of specialized ombudsmen in the affairs of the armed forces is analyzed. The legal nature of military ombudsmen as specialized human rights institutions that have proven themselves positively in a number of states, the history of their introduction, and the positive consequences of their functioning are studied. Considerable attention in the work is devoted to the models of specialized ombudsmen in the affairs of the armed forces: a) regarding their legislative recognition and regulation of legal status (at the level of the country’s constitution, law or by-law); b) places in the structure of state power (parliamentary and executive); c) models that are structurally part of the armed forces; are not part of the armed forces, but are authorized to deal exclusively with military issues and ombudsmen of general competence, in which the function of protecting the rights of military personnel is provided for by law; d) individual ombudsmen and collegial ombudsman services; e) various models of ombudsmen in the affairs of the armed forces, depending on the scope and specificity of their powers. It was concluded that for Ukraine in the conditions of war, the introduction of the institute of the military ombudsman is not just timely, it is extremely necessary. The emergence of this institution, on the one hand, will complement the existing means of protecting the constitutional rights and freedoms of the military, on the other hand, it will contribute to the maintenance of their faith in justice, which will generally neutralize the wary attitude of military personnel towards the authorities, and mitigate conflicts between the state, its bodies, and the military. The military ombudsman, exercising his supervisory and human rights powers, will not only contribute to the effective protection of the rights of the military, but also mitigate the contradictions between the state and civil spheres, promote the democratization of the national military sphere, which under his influence should become more responsive to needs and requests of military personnel, which will ultimately guarantee the “democratization” of the military bureaucracy, which, thanks to his activities, will show more attention, sympathy and concern for military personnel.

Introduction of a hexavalent vaccine containing acellular pertussis into the national immunization program for infants in Peru: a cost-consequence analysis of vaccination coverage

BackgroundInfant vaccination coverage rates in Peru have declined in recent years, exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Introduction of the fully-liquid diphtheria, tetanus, and acellular pertussis (DTaP)-inactivated polio vaccine (IPV)-hepatitis B (HB)-Haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib) hexavalent vaccine (DTaP-IPV-HB-Hib) in Peru’s infant National Immunization Program may help improve coverage. We evaluated costs and healthcare outcomes, including coverage, of switching from a pentavalent vaccine containing whole-cell pertussis component (DTwP-HB-Hib) plus IPV/oral polio vaccine (IPV/OPV) to the hexavalent vaccine for the primary vaccination scheme (2, 4 and 6 months).MethodsThe analysis was performed over a 5-year period on a cohort of children born in Peru in 2020 (N = 494,595). Four scenarios were considered: the pentavalent plus IPV/OPV scheme (S1); replacing the pentavalent plus IPV/OPV scheme with the hexavalent scheme (S2); expanded delivery of the pentavalent plus IPV/OPV scheme (S3); expanded delivery of the hexavalent scheme (S4). Vaccine coverage and incidence of adverse reactions (ARs) were estimated using Monte Carlo simulations and previous estimates from the literature. Cases of vaccine-preventable diseases were estimated using a Markov model. Logistical and healthcare costs associated with these outcomes were estimated. Impact of key variables (including coverage rates, incidence of ARs and vaccine prices) on costs was evaluated in sensitivity analyses.ResultsThe overall cost from a public health payer perspective associated with the pentavalent plus IPV/OPV vaccine scheme (S1) was estimated at $56,719,350, increasing to $61,324,263 (+ 8.1%), $59,121,545 (+ 4.2%) and $64,872,734 (+ 14.4%) in scenarios S2, S3 and S4, respectively. Compared with the status quo (S1), coverage rates were estimated to increase by 3.1% points with expanded delivery alone, and by 9.4 and 14.3% points, if the hexavalent vaccine is deployed (S2 and S4, respectively). In both scenarios with the hexavalent vaccine (S2 and S4), pertussis cases would also be 5.7% and 8.7% lower, and AR rates would decrease by 32%. The cost per protected child would be reduced when the hexavalent vaccine scheme. Incidence of ARs was an important driver of cost variability in the sensitivity analysis.ConclusionsImplementation of the hexavalent vaccine in Peru’s National Immunization Program has a positive public health cost consequence.

The good, the bad and the evil: A unified conceptualization of negative leadership behaviour

AbstractThe level of scholarly and practitioner interest in negative leadership behaviour has been increasing, but research in this field remains fragmented, and we lack a common understanding of what constitutes negative leadership behaviour and its antecedents, consequences and contexts. To address these research gaps, we systematically review 352 papers and identify 25 different negative leadership behaviours with large overlaps in their conceptualization and operationalization. Our analysis of conceptualizations reveals common attributes that constitute the behavioural intensity and the behavioural valence of negative leadership behaviour. Behavioural intensity attributes constitute negative leadership behaviour as active, reoccurring and intentional behaviour that targets subordinates’ psychological states. Behavioural valence attributes constitute negative leadership behaviour as being unethical, lack of empathy, leader self‐worthiness and self‐orientation, verbal hostility, use of power asymmetry and harming and belittling of others. The vast majority of operationalizations for negative leadership behaviour reflect the perceptions of subordinates or colleagues, whereas only a few operationalizations reflect supervisors’ self‐assessments. Our findings further reveal that the antecedents of negative leadership behaviour focus mainly on supervisors, whereas the consequences of negative leadership behaviour focus mainly on subordinates. We develop a unified conceptualization of negative leadership behaviour and discuss our findings in the light of an impactful future research agenda that revolves around the unified conceptualization and empirical representation of negative leadership behaviour on the basis of behavioural attributes, the role of subordinates and dyad‐related factors leading to negative leadership behaviour and the integration of the negative and positive psychological and economic consequences of negative leadership behaviour.

Legal Protection of Copyright in Digital Film Piracy Cases in Indonesia (Case Study: Piracy of Keluarga Cemara Film)

Technological advancements in the Globalization 4.0 era, along with the rise of the internet, are perceived as progress that brings both positive and negative consequences. One of the negative effects is the facilitation of crimes, particularly in providing unrestricted access to individuals to commit copyright violations on film works for personal gain. This issue is highlighted in the ruling of Case Number 762/Pid.B/2020/PN-Jmb. This study utilizes a normative juridical approach by examining literature or secondary data as the primary research material, reviewing laws and literature related to the topic under investigation. The research findings indicate that the case was resolved through the Jambi District Court (litigation), where Aditya Fernando Phasyah was found guilty of infringing the exclusive rights of PT Visinema Pictures, the copyright holder of the Keluarga Cemara film. He was sentenced to 1 year and 2 months of imprisonment and fined Rp. 500,000,000.00 (five hundred million rupiah).

The COVID generation: A commentary on how the pandemic altered adolescents' life course.

The pandemic lockdowns interrupted critical developmental experiences especially for adolescents and emerging adults engaged in the challenge of constructing identities. This commentary focuses on four review articles that document both negative and positive consequences of the pandemic on family, peer, school, and community interactions. I argue that worldwide experiences of these interruptions led to a shared generational experience of disconnection and isolation, that, paradoxically, creates a shared generational identity. The COVID-19 generation shares a view of the world as unsafe, unpredictable, and unfair; yet, at the same time, they are perhaps more oriented toward social justice. Generational identities formed at pivotal developmental moments continue to reverberate across the life course. How these formative experiences of the pandemic will continue to influence the life course of the COVID-19 generation remains to be seen.

Hiperrealitas dalam Penggunaan Smartphone pada Kalangan Remaja

Smartphones provide various instant messenger and social media applications that can facilitate communication and information. However, behind these benefits, hyperreality is currently occurring and there are many consequences that arise. Therefore, the main problem is How is hyperreality in smartphone use among teenagers. The purpose of this study is to determine the form of hyperreality and the consequences of smartphone use through instant messenger and social media among teenagers.This study uses a qualitative method. The data collection process is carried out using observation and in-depth interview techniques. In analyzing the data, the researcher uses qualitative analysis techniques. The theory used in this study is the theory of hyperreality proposed by Jean Baudrillard.The results of this research show that there are several forms of hyperreality of smartphone use via instant messenger and social media among teenagers which are seen through two Baudrillard concepts, namely simulation and simulacra. The simulation found is living in a digital simulation, acronyms and emoticons lose their reference and are obsessed with making friends in cyberspace. The simulacra found are blurring self-identity, changing use values to sign values, blurring the real world, chasing instant popularity, displaying falsehoods. Meanwhile, there are two consequences of smartphone use among teenagers. First, positive consequences, namely earning income and improving academic achievement. Second, negative consequences, namely reducing academic achievement, changing adolescent behavior, wasteful and uncertain time.

Określanie szacowanego czasu pracy maszyn i wydajności sprzętu w przedsiębiorstwie naftowo-gazowym w warunkach niepewności

One of the main conditions for long-term forecasting of equipment requirements is to ensure the maximum level of equipment utilization, which characterizes production efficiency. In line with this condition, production in drilling departments must be organized to achieve an optimal volume that maximizes equipment productivity. In other words, it is necessary to determine the functional relationship between changes in the amount of equipment involved in the production process and its productivity. Following this, it is necessary to determine the optimal amount of equipment for the enterprise to maximize its productivity. The primary goal is to identify the negative and positive consequences of changes in the production scale. This article examines the solution to the above issues using the example of SOCAR (State Oil Company of the Azerbaijan Republic). To adequately address this problem, a procedure for determining the estimated machine time for each drilling equipment at the enterprise level is proposed, using the “Annual drilling calendar balance” report from the SOCAR enterprise, Azerbaijan. It is known that as the drilling depth of a well increases, so do the labor costs associated with drilling. To solve this problem, the research examines the functional dependency of the amount of drilling equipment on its productivity. This study led to the development of a mathematical-statistical model to predict productive time based on drilling depth. The scientific innovations proposed in this article are presented with calculations, based on the example of the SOCAR drilling enterprise, offering practical insights. The results of the study can be applied when justifying production plans and forecasting future equipment and spare parts requirements for drilling enterprises.

The effect of social media in identity formation in adolescence

This article explores the effects of social media networking sites on identity formation and self- presentation among adolescence. It analyses the positive and negative consequences of social media use on formation of a unique, authentic and coherent identity. Effects such as self – exploration, community building, networking, learning of new skills are some of the many positive effects that have been explored. Nonetheless, scientific evidence indicating negative effects such as decreased self- worth, social comparison, depleting self – concept, identity confusion, augmenting depression and anxiety outweigh the positive consequences of use. This literature does not vindicate a positive or negative effect of social media as that might present a skewed view.

Socio-cultural factors influencing students' learning experience: a cross-cultural study

The modern globalized educational sphere requires well-established skills to work in a cross-cultural environment. The purpose is the study of socio-cultural factors that affect the educational experience of students. To implement the proposed goal, the PRISMA method of working with scientific sources, the method of content analysis of scientific literature, and the method of synthesizing individual results into a single system were used. In the results, it was noted that the effective formation of the sociocultural educational environment in higher education consists of several complex parts. The positive consequence of the formation of a socio-cultural environment undoubtedly creates an atmosphere for the success of education seekers and the harmonization of cross-cultural relations. It is indicated that there are separate risks that appear because of the complex interaction of all participants in the educational process. The study found that in modern universities there are many successful cross-cultural cases that contribute to the integration of different students: mobility programs, summer schools, scientific conferences, distance learning courses etc. The conclusions emphasize that the unification of students in a unique multicultural educational environment is a necessary part of the modern educational process in institutions of higher education.

The Elusiveness of Hermeneutic Injustice in Psychiatric Categorizations

ABSTRACT Miranda Fricker developed the concept of hermeneutic injustice as a subtype of epistemic injustice focusing on socially discriminatory obstacles to self-understanding. So, for example, before the consciousness- raising movement, women did not have the conceptual framework to understand their individual experiences as systematic sexual harassment. Fricker makes much of the ‘ah-ha’ moment (‘hermeneutical enlightenment’) that characterizes the experience of reaching greater self-understanding; feminist social epistemologists have described this in terms of achieving ‘standpoint’. While this is a fruitful and insightful example, it has been carefully critiqued by Ishani Maitra. This paper considers other examples from Fricker’s work and from the literature in philosophy of psychiatry to make a fuller assessment of Fricker’s ideas: Asperger Disorder (which was short-lived, in DSM-IV only), postpartum depression, schizophrenia, and the general concept of a psychiatric disorder. In each of these cases, the newly proposed concept has mixed (positive and negative) consequences for self-understanding. ‘Hostage taking’ – an ethically problematic strategy described by Hilde Lindemann Nelson – is common. In all cases, moments of ‘hermeneutical enlightenment’ may pass after reflection on such mixed consequences and after further research on the social categories in question.

Contextualizing HIV testing experiences within the HIV prevention cascade: qualitative insights from refugee youth in Bidi Bidi refugee settlement, Uganda

BackgroundThere remain key knowledge gaps regarding HIV testing needs and priorities among refugee youth in low and middle-income country (LMIC) humanitarian settings. The HIV prevention cascade framework focuses on three domains (motivation, access, effective use) central to prevention uptake, yet is understudied in relationship to HIV testing, particularly among refugee youth. Uganda is an exemplar context to explore refugee youth HIV testing needs and priorities as it hosts 1.5 million refugees and is Africa’s largest refugee hosting nation. In this study, we explored perceptions and experiences regarding HIV testing among refugee youth living in Bidi Bidi refugee settlement, Uganda.MethodsWe conducted a community-based research study in Bidi Bidi Refugee Settlement, one of the world’s largest refugee settlements with over 195,000 residents. This qualitative study involved four focus groups (2 with young women, 2 with young men) with refugee youth aged 16–24 living in Bidi Bidi refugee settlement. We applied thematic analysis informed by the HIV prevention cascade to understand domains of motivation, access, and effective use that emerged as salient for HIV testing engagement.ResultsParticipants (n = 40; mean age: 20 years, standard deviation: 2.2) included refugee young women (n = 20) and young men (n = 20), of whom 88% had a lifetime HIV test and 58% had ever heard of HIV self-testing. Participant discussions described HIV testing motivation was influenced by dimensions of: HIV treatment and testing knowledge; risk perception; positive and negative consequences of use; and social norms regarding gender and age. Access to HIV testing was shaped by: limited availability; distance and language barriers; confidentiality concerns; and affordability. Effective use of and engagement with HIV testing was related to HIV serostatus knowledge self-efficacy and in/equitable partner dynamics.ConclusionsComplex, multi-level factors shape motivation for, access to, and effective use of HIV testing among refugee youth in Bidi Bidi. Findings align with the HIV prevention cascade framework that helps to identify gaps to inform intervention development with youth in humanitarian settings. HIV testing approaches tailored for refugee youth in contexts such as Bidi Bidi can foster HIV prevention and treatment literacy, gender equity, gender-based violence prevention, and intersectional stigma reduction.

Examining the Popularity, Content, and Intersections With the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration's Definition of Recovery in a Nonclinical Online Cannabis Cessation Community: Infodemiology Study of Reddit Posts.

Cannabis consumption has increased in recent years, as has cannabis use disorder. While researchers have explored public online community discussions of active cannabis use, less is known about the popularity and content of publicly available online communities intended to support cannabis cessation. This study aims to examine the level of engagement and dominant content of an online community for cannabis cessation through 3 specific aims. First, we examine the use of a subreddit cannabis cessation community (r/leaves) over time to evaluate the popularity of this type of resource for individuals who want to stop using cannabis. Second, we examine the content of posts in the community to identify popular topics related to cessation. Third, we compare the thematic findings relative to the 4 domains of recovery defined by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). By examining these 3 gaps, we take the initial steps toward understanding the experiences being shared online among individuals interested in cannabis cessation and compare them with the principles outlined in the SAMHSA definition of recovery. Using the Pushshift application programming interface, we collected the count of posts by year between 2011 and 2021 and the narrative of the 100 posts with the most comments per year in a popular cannabis cessation-focused subreddit (r/leaves). A linear model and a nonlinear model were compared to evaluate change in the number of posts by year. Mixed natural language processing and qualitative analyses were applied to identify top terms, phrases, and themes present in posts over time. Overlap between themes and the 4 SAMHSA domains of recovery (health, purpose, community, and home) were examined. The number of annual posts in r/leaves increased from 420 in 2011 to 34,841 in 2021 (83-fold increase), with exponential growth since 2018. The term that was the most common across posts was "smoke" (2019 posts). Five major themes were identified, and a narrative arc was represented, from motivations and perceived benefits of cannabis use to the negative consequences of use, strategies to change behaviors, and the positive and negative consequences of change. There was substantial overlap between these 5 themes and 3 of SAMHSA's 4 domains of recovery: health, purpose, and community. However, the domain of home was less commonly identified. Engagement in this online cannabis support community appears to be increasing. Individuals using this forum discussed several topics, including multiple aspects of recovery defined by the SAMHSA. Online communities, such as this one may, serve as an important pathway for individuals seeking to reduce or cease their consumption of cannabis.

Inclusive Education for Children with Developmental Disabilities in Ethiopia: Stakeholder Views on Benefits, Disadvantages and Priorities for Action.

Children with developmental disabilities (DD) including intellectual disability and autism, experience exclusion from social life and education in Ethiopia. Including children with DD in mainstream inclusive classes has potential to expand access to education and uphold their right to learn alongside typically developing peers. However, inadequate support in inclusive settings can hinder their participation and educational achievement. This study explores the perspectives of stakeholders on the ways in which inclusive education can support the needs or exacerbate the challenges of children with DD in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, and on recommendations to address the challenges. Thirty-nine participants with expertise or experience relevant to children with DD, including caregivers, educators, clinicians and other experts, took part in semi-structured interviews. Their responses were analysed using thematic template analysis. The themes developed identify four aspects which are most relevant to the potential positive and negative consequences of inclusive education for children with DD: learning and development, peer relationships, safety in school and inclusion in society. The themes encompass sub-themes of positive and negative consequences, and suggested improvements to facilitate positive effects. Identified priorities for action include enhanced teacher training, awareness-raising initiatives, tailoring infrastructure and manpower to safeguard children with DD and promoting government focus on successful inclusion. These recommendations can be implemented to facilitate well-structured inclusive education, where children with DD are supported to participate alongside typically developing peers, as well as to safeguard against the potential negative consequences of inclusion, paying sufficient attention to the distinctive needs of children with DD.