Positive BTA Research Articles

Hubungan Profil Darah Lengkap denganHasil Tes Cepat Molekuler (TCM) Pasien Terduga Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis is a contagious infectious disease caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis which generally attacks the lungs in humans. This disease is transmitted by positive BTA sufferers and spreads through droplet nuclei when the sufferer coughs or sneezes. Bacteria that spread in the air can be transmitted by healthy people and can cause infection. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between complete blood profiles and the results of rapid molecular test in patients suspected of having tuberculosis. This type of research uses analytical observational with a cross- sectional design. This study used secondary data from medical records of tuberculosis patients at the NTB Provincial Regional Hospitals. The collected data from complete blood examination results and molecular rapid tests are processed and presented in tabular form. The processed data was then analyzed statistically using SPSS with the chi-square test. Based on the results of research regarding the relationship between complete blood profiles and the results of the rapid molecular test for suspected tuberculosis patients at the NTB Provincial Regional Hospital, when examining leukocytes, erythrocytes, and platelets the p-value or sig. was obtained > 0,05, namely there is no significant relationship between the two variabels. Meanwhile, for hemoglobin, the P-Value was < 0,05, namely that there was a significant relationship between the two variabels

Hubungan Efek Samping Obat Anti Tuberkulosis (OAT) dengan Kepatuhan Berobat Pada Pasien Tuberkulosis di Puskesmas Jongaya Makassar

Tuberculosis is a direct infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which mainly affects the lungs and is transmitted through airborne droplets or sputum from TB patients with positive BTA. The morbidity and mortality of tuberculosis is a serious problem, mainly due to the side effects of Anti-Tuberculosis Drugs (OAT). This study aims to determine the relationship between OAT side effects and treatment compliance of pulmonary tuberculosis patients at the Jongaya Makassar Health Center. This study used a cross-sectional approach with quantitative methods, involving 49 respondents selected using the Slovin formula. The research instruments were OAT side effects questionnaire and treatment compliance questionnaire, with data analysis conducted univariately and bivariately using Chi Square test. The results showed that most respondents experienced low side effects and had a high level of treatment compliance. In conclusion, there is a significant relationship between OAT side effects and treatment compliance of tuberculosis patients at the Jongaya Makassar Health Center, where the lower the perceived side effects, the higher the level of treatment compliance.

The Relationship between Leukocyte Counts and BMI Values in Patients with BTA-Positive Pulmonary Tuberculosis

Leukocytes are a component of white blood cells which play a role in helping the body fight various infectious diseases. Leukocytes are part of the immune system. While an increased number of leukocytes indicates an inflammatory process, in the case of tuberculosis, the entry of M. Tuberculosis in the body causes the number of leukocytes to increase as a response to the body's immunity. This prompted researchers to be interested in examining the relationship between the number of leukocytes and the BMI value in pulmonary TB sufferers with BTA positive at the Kutorejo Community Health Center, Mojokerto Regency. The population and sample in this study were all patients with pulmonary TB with positive BTA at the Kutorejo Community Health Center, with the number of samples taken from the total population of 25 respondents, this sampling used a total sampling technique. The independent variable used was TB sufferers with positive BTA while the dependent variables were leukocyte count and BMI value. To prove the existence of a relationship between these two variables, a statistical test was carried out using the Spearman correlation test. The results of the research show that there is no relationship between the number of leukocytes and the BMI value in pulmonary TB sufferers with BTA positive at the Kutorejo Community Health Center, Mojok-erto Regency. This is confirmed by the results of the Spearman correlation test analysis which obtained a sig value. = 0.199 (α < 0.05).

Related Factors with BTA Positive Conversion on Sufferer Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis is an infectious disease chronic Which caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Objective study: To analyze related factors _ with BTA positive conversion on Pulmonary TB sufferers at the Community Health Center Biau Regency Buol. The study was implemented in the Work Area Public Health Center Biau Regency Buol. Sample in study This is sufferers of Tuberculosis undergoing lung _ treatment. The study takes place with a selection of 45 people. Research This is analytical survey research with a design. Population is the whole object to be researched. Population in study This is all pulmonary TB sufferers undergoing treatment for more than 2 months; the sample study totaled 45 people using the total sampling technique. Results findings show A relationship between treatment adherence and BTA-positive conversion in tuberculosis sufferers with p-value = 0.044. There is a relationship between family support and BTA-positive conversion in tuberculosis sufferers with a p-value = 0.001. There is no relationship between support from health workers and BTA positive conversion in tuberculosis sufferers with p-value = 0.581, there is a relationship between knowledge and BTA Positive conversion in tuberculosis sufferers with p-value = 0.000, there is a relationship between access to health services and BTA positive conversion in tuberculosis sufferers with p-value = 0.035, there is no relationship between preventive behavior and positive BTA conversion in tuberculosis sufferers at Biau Community Health Center, Buol Regency with p-value = 0.561. This study concludes that family support has a risk of 66,442 times the incidence of BTA-positive conversion in pulmonary TB sufferers.

KORELASI ANTARA RASIO NEUTROFIL/LIMFOSIT DENGAN KADAR C-REACTIVE PROTEIN PADA PENDERITA TUBERKULOSIS PARU

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and can persist in all parts of the body. Laboratory tests used to determine the level of inflammation in TB sufferers include the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (RNL) and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. The RNL value is the ratio of the absolute number of neutrophils and the absolute number of lymphocytes, while CRP is an acute phase protein produced in the liver, and its levels increase within 6 hours in acute inflammation. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between RNL and CRP in pulmonary TB patients. This research was a descriptive study with a cross-sectional design carried out from April to June 2021 at the Lung Health Services Integrated Service Unit, West Kalimantan Province. The number of samples was determined using a purposive sampling technique, with the criteria being newly diagnosed TB patients who had positive BTA, positive TCM and positive X-ray results, resulting in 48 samples. CRP levels were measured using the latex agglutination method, while the number of neutrophils and lymphocytes used the impedance method. Analysis was carried out using the Shapiro-Wilk normality test and Kendall's tau b correlation test. Statistical analysis using the Kendall's tau b correlation test obtained a significant value of 0.000 (<0.05), which means there was a relationship between RNL and CRP levels in pulmonary TB patients with a correlation coefficient of 0.489, which means the relationship between the two variables is enough.

COMMUNITY GROUP CARING FOR HEALTHY LUNGS (MADUPASEH) TOWARDS THE PREVENTION OF PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS IN YOKA VILLAGE

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by infection with the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The source of transmission is tuberculosis patients with positive Acid Resistant Bacillus (positive BTA) through splashes of sputum droplets that they emit. Indonesia is the country with the second highest number of new cases in the world after India. The purpose of this community service is to empower the people of Yoka Village in the Prevention of Pulmonary TB by forming a Healthy Lung Care Community (MADUPASEH). The method in this implementation is to conduct a Focus Group Discussion (FGD) with the Yoka Village Government and the Head of the Yoka Health Center to discuss the problems in Yoka Village. The result: this community service was attended by the Head of Yoka Village along with village government staff, the community, ondoafi leaders, ondofolo, youth leaders, women leaders, and TB Paru cadres in Yoka Village.

Hubungan Upaya Pencegahan Terduga Tuberkulosis Dengan Temuan Kasus Tuberkulosis Di Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta (DIY)

The Case Notification Rate (CNR) figure for all TB cases describes the number of new patients of all types (Pulmonary TB, Extra Pulmonary and Pediatric TB) found and recorded among 100,000 residents. Meanwhile, the CNR New cases of BTA TB (+) describe the number of new positive BTA TB patients found and recorded among 100,000 residents. TB CNR in 2020 and 2021 decreased compared to 2019, from 145.18 per 100,000 population in 2019 to 103.45 per 100,000 population in 2020 and 115.73 per 100,000 population in 2021. This study aims to determine the relationship between efforts to prevent suspected Tuberculosis with the findings of Tuberculosion cases in DIY Provinces This study is an analytical study with a cross-sectional approach. The results of this study are significant the relationship between efforts to prevent suspected Tuberculosis with the findings of Tuberculosis cases in DIY Province is 0.007 below 0.05. So it can be concluded that there is a relationship between efforts to prevent suspected Tuberculosis with the findings of Tuberculosis cases in DIY Province. Optimizing the tracking of cases of missing out to prevent drop outs and patients from moving in collaboration with community cadres, Sweeping TB case data in the Service to reduce unreported data and Increasing the role of Independent Peaktek Doctors and Pratama Clinics in the DOTS TB Program by activating the Distict Public Privat Mix (DPPM) in Yogyakarta City.

Pendidikan Kesehatan Terhadap Tingkat Kemandirian Keluarga Dalam Merawat Penderita TB di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Lembang

In 2014, the highest number of cases of pulmonary TB were in Africa (37%), Southeast Asia (28%), and the Eastern Mediterranean region (17%). In West Sulawesi (2016) the number of new cases of positive and active BTA pulmonary TB as many as 1,240 patients, the most cases are men, namely, 771 (62%) while women 469 (38%). BTA positive pulmonary tuberculosis coverage is cured, complete treatment, and treatment success rate by province in 2016, treatment success 1,077 with successful treatment as much as 84.8. This study aims to find out the relationship of health education to the level of family independence in caring for tb sufferers. The type of research used is observational analytical research using cross sectional research designs. The research was conducted in the Lembang Majene Health Center Work area. A sample of 33 people. Fisher's Exact Test result was obtained a value of P = 0.000 (<0.05). Then it can be concluded that there is a relationship between knowledge and the level of family independence in caring for TB sufferers. It is expected to puskesmas officers to socialize home care nursing (home visits) and further improve the quality of service to people with Pulmonary TB, especially in terms of drug taking schedules.

The Relationship between Socioeconomic and Nutritional Status with the Incidence of Pulmonary Tuberculosis at the Nangkaan Public Health Center Bondowoso

Introduction:Tuberculosis lungs are still a major public health problem in Indonesia. The incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis continues to increase as well as the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis at the Nangkaan Bondowoso Health Center every year there is always an increase. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between socioeconomic status and nutritional status with the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis. Method: Research design is cross sectional. Data collection was taken from medical records of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis at the Nangkaan Health Center which was held from October to November 2021 with a population of 56 people. The sample used is total sampling. Data collection techniques with questionnaires and observations, then the data were analyzed by ANOVA test. Result: Based on the data obtained, most of the respondents socioeconomic levels are low socio-economic as many as 51 people (91%), while most of the respondents' nutritional status is poor nutrition status as many as 44 people (78%), and the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis is mostly with positive BTA as many as 49 people (87%). From the results of the ANOVA test, it was found that there was a significant relationship between socioeconomic status and nutritional status with the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis at the Nangkaan Bondowoso Public Health Center with p-values ​​of 0.16 and 0.00 (p-value <0.05). Conclusion: Low socioeconomic status will affect the low nutritional status of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and can worsen the body's immunity which has an impact on increasing the risk of transmission of pulmonary tuberculosis.

The Relationship between Socioeconomic and Nutritional Status with the Incidence of Pulmonary Tuberculosis at the Nangkaan Public Health Center Bondowoso

Introduction:Tuberculosis lungs are still a major public health problem in Indonesia. The incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis continues to increase as well as the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis at the Nangkaan Bondowoso Health Center every year there is always an increase. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between socioeconomic status and nutritional status with the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis. Method: Research design is cross sectional. Data collection was taken from medical records of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis at the Nangkaan Health Center which was held from October to November 2021 with a population of 56 people. The sample used is total sampling. Data collection techniques with questionnaires and observations, then the data were analyzed by ANOVA test. Result: Based on the data obtained, most of the respondents socioeconomic levels are low socio-economic as many as 51 people (91%), while most of the respondents' nutritional status is poor nutrition status as many as 44 people (78%), and the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis is mostly with positive BTA as many as 49 people (87%). From the results of the ANOVA test, it was found that there was a significant relationship between socioeconomic status and nutritional status with the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis at the Nangkaan Bondowoso Public Health Center with p-values ​​of 0.16 and 0.00 (p-value <0.05). Conclusion: Low socioeconomic status will affect the low nutritional status of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and can worsen the body's immunity which has an impact on increasing the risk of transmission of pulmonary tuberculosis.

Analisis Faktor Risiko Lingkungan Rumah Dan Praktek Penccgahan Yang Berhubungan Dengan Kejadian Tuberkulosis Paru Di Distrik Nabirc Kabupaten Nabire Provinsi Papua Tahun 20I0

Based on the data ofNabire District Health Office concerning findings of cases in 2009 which are recorded as TB type patients: Positive BTA Pulmonary TB 209, Positive BTA relapsed TB 3, Negative BTA but positive Rontgen about 625 cases, Extra Pulmonary Pediatric patients 72 and 175 with total number for all cases of each type of TB patients about 1083 persons. The aim of this study is to analyse the risk factors of home environment Pulmonary Tuberculosis related Prevention Practices in Nabire Regency. The research design was observasionally retrospective study with case control study design. All of the patients who had been diagnosed as Positive BTA Pulmonary TB through microscopic examination both in the hospitaJ or Community Health Center (Puskesmas) laboratory were taken as the sample of the study, in January - July 2010 periode. Matching separation that based on age and gender, the control group member is each person who more or less has the same characteristic with the case group, live at Nabire district and 15 years of aged, as part of the case group neighbours but does not suffer pulmonary TB. The results indicate a signicantly relationship between occupation density (p = 0,001); OR= 4,376), in room ventilation (p = 0,001; OR
 = 3,541), in house ventilation (p = 0,017; OR= 2,637), in room lighting intensity (p = 0,017; OR= 2,615), in house lighting intensity (p = 0,002; OR= 3,455), in room hwnidity (p = 0,037; OR = 2,406), in house humudity (p = 0,001 ; OR = 4,376), presence of window in room (p= 0,002; OR= 3,500), in room temperature (p = 0,131; OR= 2,143), in house temperature (p = 0,001; OR= 3,984) with incidence of Pulmonary Tuberculosis. There is no relationship between floor type (p = 0,001; OR = 4,376) and separation room (p = 0,851;OR = 0,869) with the incidence of Pulmonary Tuberculosis.
 It is suggested to attempt the increment of Pulmonary tuberculosis findings, improvement of house environtment condition with emphasized on sanitation aspect of healthy house at the time of build, and increase clean and healthy behaviours.

HOUSE ENVIRONMENTS AS RISK FACTORS OF TUBERCULOSIS IN CILACAP DISTRICT

Tuberculosis (TB) is a disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis which is still a major global health problem in the world and causes morbidity rates in millions of people each year. new cases of positive BTA in Central Java in 2017 amounted to 60.91 per 100,000 population. Meanwhile, based on the profile of the Cilacap District Health Office in 2018, the number of TB sufferers reached 5271 cases, around 1089 TB cases that have not been found and reported, while 34 of them died. The purpose of this study was to analyze the risk factors for tuberculosis incidence in Cilacap Regency. The purpose of this study was to analyze House Environments As Risk Factors Of Tuberculosis In Cilacap District. This type of research is an observational analytic quantitative approach with a research design that is using case control and cross-sectional which was conducted from May 2020 to June 2020 in the work area of the RSUD Cilacap Paru Center. The Respondents this research is the person who lived in the work area of the public health center using total sampling technique so that it is obtained 30 respondents. This study concludes significant effect on floor types, natural ventilation and housing density. Meanwhile, the respondent's characteristic factors such as smoking habit, phlegm discharge habit and coughing and sneezing influenced the incidence of tuberculosis.

The Faktor-Faktor yang Berpengaruh terhadap Adverse Drug Reaction pada penggunaan Obat Anti Tuberkulosis

Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR) pada pengobatan tuberkulosis dapat menurunkan kualitas hidup maupun kepatuhan pasien, pengobatan jangka panjang memiliki risiko timbulnya ADR, untuk mecegah ADR yang berbahaya perlu dilakukan monitoring dengan baik, faktor-faktor prediktor yang mempengaruhi ADR sangat penting dicari sebagai upaya mencegah kejadian ADR.
 Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian cross sectional yang dilakukan pada pasien tuberkulosis paru di Pusat Kesehatan Masyarakat (PKM) Kabupaten Bantul Yogyakarta, kriteria inklusi adalah pasien yang mendapat obat tuberkulosis kombinasi dosis tetap (KDT),usia >17 tahun, monitoring ADR dilakukan sejak bulan ke-dua pengobatan hingga bulan ke-6 dengan metode wawancara setiap pasien kontrol ke PKM. Pengolahan data dilakukan dengan uji multivariate regresi multinomial.
 Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ADR terjadi pada 58% kelompok usia tua; 51,8% kelompok usia menengah dan 50% kelompok usia muda, tidak ada pengaruh signifikan usia terhadap ADR pada penelitian ini. Berdasar jenis kelamin, ADR terjadi pada 58,5% laki-laki, dan 47,3 % perempuan, tidak terdapat pengaruh signifikan gender terhadap ADR. Berdasar BMI, ADR terjadi pada kelompok underweight, normal, dan overweight dengan persentase 78%,26%,dan 40% terdapat pengaruh signifikan antara BMI dengan kejadian ADR, p value 0,01 OR=7,650 (2,350-24,898) CI=95%. Berdasar kelompok BTA ADR terjadi pada kelompok BTA positif dan negative dengan persentase 52% dan 62%, tidak ada pengaruh signifikan antara BTA dengan kejadian ADR
 Kata kunci : Adverse Drug Reaction, Tuberkulosis, Kombinasi Dosis Tetap-Obat Antituberkulosis (KDT)

Identifikasi Aspergillus fumigatus pada Sputum Pasien Suspek TB Paru

Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infectious disease caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which can attack various organs especially the lungs. In some cases, there is a misdiagnosis between pulmonary tuberculosis and pulmonary mycosis (lung fungus). One of the species of fungus that often causing infection in the lungs is Aspergillus fumigatus.This study aims to identify Aspergillus fumigatus in sputum patients suspected of pulmonary tuberculosis patients at General Hospital in Baubau City. The types of research is descriptive with accidental sampling technique. Research was carried out by examining the BTA status of patients using the GeneXpert device and the patients sputum were isolated into Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) medium then examined in macroscopic and microscopic (slide culture). Result of the study of 27 samples sputum patients suspected of pulmonary tuberculosis in Baubau Town Hospital obtained patients who infected Aspergillus fumigatus fungus amounted to 3 people with 2 including identified fungi with positive BTA status. Conclusion patients infected with Aspergillus fumigatus amounted to 3 people (7.4%) and 2 people (3.4%) identified fungi with positive pulmonary tuberculosis

PENCEGAHAN KEJADIAN TUBERKULOSIS PARU BTA POSITIF

Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis which spreads through droplet nuclei. Pulmonary tuberculosis can cause death if it is not treated, so efforts need to be made to eradicate pulmonary tuberculosis. One of the effort to eradicate some cases of pulmonary tuberculosis is to improve health behavior by preventing bad behavior. Behavior is the implementation of knowledge, attitudes and actions. The purpose of this research is to determine the relationship of preventive behavior to the incidence of positive BTA pulmonary.This study uses a simple random sampling method with a case control study approach. The population was random patients with positive BTA pulmonary TBC as a case of 59 respondents and neighbors of patients who did not suffer from pulmonary TBC as a control 59 respondents with a total of 118 respondents. Data collection is done by interviewing with questionnaires.The results showed that there was a relationship between knowledge (p-value = 0.006 <0.05) with the incidence of Positive AFB Tuberculosis. There was no relationship between attitudes (p-value = 0.580> 0.05) with the incidence of Positive BTA Tuberculosis. There is a relationship between precautionary measures (p-value = 0.001 <0.05) on the incidence of Positive BTA Tuberculosis in the Work Area of Manukan Kulon Health Center.It was concluded that there was no between attitudes towards the incidence of Positive BTA, but there was a relationship between knowledge and preventive measures for the incidence of Positive BTA Tuberculosis. It is recommended to health service providers who have built Pulmonary TBC cadres to increase pulmonary TBC eradication activities to reduce the number of Lung Tuberculosis cases in the Manukan Kulon Health Center Work Area by visiting each BTA patient and their neighbors and providing incentive health education about Lung TBC. Keywords: Lung Tuberculosis (TBC), Preventive Behavior

KETEPATAN PEMERIKSAAN RADIOLOGI DAN BTA APUSAN LANGSUNG DENGAN KULTUR DALAM DIAGNOSIS TUBERKULOSIS PARU DI MEDAN

Lung tuberculosis is one of transmitted diseases which are caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis throughnuclei droplet. Diagnosis for lung tuberculosis is usually detected by the examination of direct sputumremoval, thorax photo, and Culture. The type of the research was descriptive study by using diagnostic testand the samples consisted of sputum and thorax photo. The sputum was taken accidentally, in the morning,and accidentally which was examined by using Ziehl Nelsen method and culture. The objective of theresearch was to find out the effectiveness of examining direct BTA removal and radiology which werecompared with Culture. The samples were taken from Private Practice of Tuberculosis Specialists in Medanand in BP4, Medan which had fulfilled inclusive criteria, radiology examination and three times of phlegmtaking for direct BTA removal and culture were performed; after that, radiology diagnostic test for directBTA removal was compared with Culture. 60 samples on direct removal method indicated the value ofsensitivity of 59.38%, specificity of 92.86%, value of positive prediction of 90.48%, value of negativeprediction of 66.7%, ratio of positive likelihood of 8.31, and ratio of negative likelihood of 0.44. Radiologymethod indicated sensitivity of 62.63%, specificity of 82.14%, the value of positive prediction of 80.77%,value of negative prediction of 67.65%, ratio of positive likelihood of 3.67, and ratio of negative likelihood of0.42. Of the 21 samples, positive BTA which underwent minimum lung damage of 4 (6.7%), moderatedamage of 9 (15.0%), and wide damage of 5 (8.3%). The result of the research showed that radiologyexamination indicated that the value of sensitivity was higher than direct removal method, compared withculture as gold standard in BTA examination.That clinical benefit was bigger in direct removal method canbe seen from the value of positive prediction which was higher than radiology method so that it isrecommended that both examination techniques be used to diagnose lung tuberculosis

PENGARUH KEPATUHAN DAN MOTIVASI PENDERITA TB PARU TERHADAP TINGKAT KESEMBUHAN PENGOBATAN DI PUSKESMAS TANJUNG MORAWA KABUPATEN DELI SERDANG TAHUN 2017

Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the infectious disease remains a significant health problem forpeople the world till now, including Indonesia. Tanjung Morawa Health Center is clinicthat the lowest cure rate of 34 health centers in Deli Serdang district. The number ofpatients with Pulmonary TB positive BTA at Deli Serdang district by the Year 2014 manyas 142 people with cure rate 75,79% In year 2015, there were 124 patients withPulmonary TB positive BTA but cure rate 63,5%.. This means decreasing of cure ratein Deli Serdang district and did not reach the target yet was set at least 85%. This type ofresearch using explanatory research aims to explain the effect of adherence andmotivation cure level of pulmonary tuberculosis treatment at Tanjung Morawa . Thepopulation were all patients with positive BTA pulmonary TB with a sample size of 21people. The results of bivariat statistic test showed variables which influence treatment ofPulmonary TB cure rate, patient compliance (p=0.002), the family support/PMO(p=0.003) and staff support (p=0.008). For increase TB patients awareness need IECabout pulmonary tuberculosis diseases, extension or counseling patients that patientsmore understand about their diseases and responsible on their recovery.

Rendahnya proporsi kontak yang melakukan deteksi dini tuberkulosis paru di Puskesmas I Denpasar Selatan tahun 2012

Abstrak: Anggota keluarga kasus tuberkulosis (TB) BTA positif sangat rentan tertular karena sulit menghindari kontak. Namun kesadaran untuk melakukan deteksi dini masih rendah. Rendahnya perilaku deteksi dini berdampak pada rendahnya angka cakupan penjaringan suspek TB dan cakupan penemuan kasus baru di puskesmas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui proporsi dan rasio kontak serumah yang melakukan pemeriksaan dahak dalam rangka deteksi dini penyakit TB paru, serta menganalisis pengaruh persepsi kontak tentang penyakit TB paru dengan perilaku deteksi dini. Penelitian ini adalah cross sectional analitik. Populasi adalah seluruh anggota keluarga kasus TB paru BTA positif yang tercatat pada register pengobatan TB Puskesmas I Denpasar Selatan tahun 2010 sampai dengan triwulan I tahun 2012. Besar sampel adalah 110 responden dengan rincian 49 sampel pernah melakukan deteksi dini dan 61 sampel tidak pernah melakukan deteksi dini. Analisis data dilakukan dengan cara univariat, bivariat (chi square) dan multivariat dengan cox regression. Proporsi kontak serumah yang melakukan deteksi dini sebesar 22,55% dengan rasio jumlah kasus dengan jumlah kontak yang melakukan deteksi dini adalah 1:1,2. Hasil uji bivariat menunjukkan bahwa persepsi kerentanan dan ancaman berpengaruh terhadap perilaku deteksi dini. Analisis multivariat dengan regresi cox metode enter, tidak ada faktor determinan yang berpengaruh secara bersama-sama terhadap perilaku deteksi dini. Rendahnya perilaku deteksi dini kemungkinan disebabkan oleh rendahnya persepsi kerentanan kontak terhadap penyakit TB paru. Kesadaran untuk melakukan deteksi dini penyakit TB paru pada kontak perlu ditingkatkan dengan cara meningkatkan pengetahuan tentang risiko penularan dan gejala penyakit TB paru.

The role of BTA stat Test in follow-up of patients with bladder cancer: results from FinnBladder studies

To summarize the results of the FinnBladder studies of the BTA stat Test in follow-up of bladder cancer and more importantly to provide guidelines for daily clinical practise. Voided urine samples of 501 patients were obtained prior to cystoscopy and split for culture, cytology and BTA stat testing. The overall sensitivity and specificity for the BTA stat Test were calculated, factors interfering with testing and the role of false positive test result were evaluated. Out of 501 patients 133 (26.5%) had a bladder cancer recurrence at cystoscopy, of which BTA stat Test detected 71 (53.4%). In the remaining 368 patients, 96 (26.1%) had a positive BTA stat Test result. An additional 9 (16.4%) recurrences were detected at further examinations. The overall sensitivities and specificities for the BTA stat Test and cytology were 56.0, 19.2 and 85.7%, and 98.3%, respectively. Urine infection and past BCG instillations and present instillations of any type caused false positive test result. Out of 79 patients with positive BTA stat Test and negative cystoscopy, 6 (7.6%) had recurrence at next scheduled follow-up cystoscopy. Although BTA stat Test cannot replace cystoscopy in the follow-up of patients with bladder cancer, it could replace routine cytology especially in patients with low-grade disease. Test should not be used in patients with urine infection, in those having received BCG, or in those with present instillation of any type. In case of positive test result but negative cystoscopy, urine cytology should be obtained as the first line examination. Positive cytology is the indication for further examinations, whereas patients with negative cytology might wait until the next scheduled cystoscopy.

Analysis of false-positive BTA stat test results in patients followed up for bladder cancer

Objectives. To evaluate the role of a positive BTA stat Test result in patients with negative cystoscopic findings. Methods. Five hundred one consecutive patients in follow-up for bladder cancer were studied. A voided urine sample was obtained before cystoscopy and split for culture, cytology, and BTA stat testing. In the case of a positive BTA stat Test, but negative cystoscopic findings, patients underwent additional investigations. Results. Of 501 patients, 133 (26.5%) had bladder cancer recurrence at cystoscopy, of which the BTA stat Test detected 71 (53.4%); only 21 of the cases (17.9%) were detected by cytologic examination. Of the remaining 368 patients with no visible tumor at cystoscopy, 96 (26.1%) had a positive BTA stat Test result. Fifty-five of those (57.3%) underwent intravenous urography or renal ultrasound and random biopsies, and an additional 9 recurrences (16.4%) were detected. Of those 46 patients who had a true false-positive BTA stat Test, 3 (3 of 43, 7.0%) had recurrence at the next follow-up cystoscopy, 4 (8.7%) had a urine infection, and 8 (17.4%) had ongoing intravesical instillations; the latter two percentages were significantly higher than among those with true-negative BTA stat Test results (0% and 6.8%, respectively). Conclusions. Patients with a positive BTA stat Test result but negative cystoscopic findings have about a 16% risk of an undetected recurrence. False-positive results may be due to present instillation treatment and urine infection, and the predictive value of a BTA stat Test for subsequent recurrence seems relatively low.