Panel Position Research Articles

An IoT-based approach for optimal relative positioning of solar panel arrays during backtracking

There are several studies in the literature and common solutions in practice about solar tracking systems (STSs) and their effective usage in solar power plants. However, they all mainly lack of a serious consideration to eliminate the undesirable row-to-row shading effect of nearby solar panels in instant positioning of a solar panel. The proposed approach presented here smoothly tackles this problem through use of a developed IoT-based STS solution deployed in solar panels in order to increase solar energy harvesting efficiency. A special IoT-STS component designed and implemented with hardware and software, developed for this purpose, effectively transfers the relative panel position information to the other panel IoT-STSs with the help of wireless and internet communication features in real-time. Depending on the array geometry and the steepness of the cross-axis grade, using the proposed backtracking strategy can improve the annual yield up to 5%.

Acoustic modeling and eigenanalysis of the coupled cavities with panels

This paper presents a theoretical investigation on the vibro-acoustic characteristics of the model consisting of two cavities coupled with panels by the Spectro-Geometric method (SGM), in which the displacement function of the panel and the sound field inside the cavities are expressed as a 2D and 3D Fourier cosine series with auxiliary functions, respectively. The auxiliary functions are introduced to account for the continuity at the interface of the panel-cavity. The fully coupled system is established based on the Rayleigh-Ritz procedure and Hamilton’s principle, in which two cavities are variable in volume. The present method here provides a unified procedure for the modal characteristics of the cavity-panel-cavity system. To ensure the accuracy and validity of the present method, the natural frequencies and the forced pressure response of the coupled model are verified against results obtained by FEM. The influence of the coupling panels and boundary conditions on the acoustic characteristics of the coupled system are studied, including: multiple coupling panels, panel size, panel positions, model shapes and boundary conditions.

WITHDRAWN: Advanced solar tree with sun tracking and cleaning technolgy

Recently with the growing population and energy demands we should have more concerned about the renewable energy sources and this energy should not cause any air pollution and other natural hazards. For this situation solar tree is a better option for us. A solar tree is a best way to produce the solar energy efficiently [1] . Says about the technique used for the design of solar tree is the “SPIRALLING PHYLLATAXY” and it will helps to improve the efficiency of the plant. It is also much better than the traditional system because it requires only less place to produce the energy efficiently. Solar panel has been used in recent years to convert solar energy into electrical energy [4] . Says that the solar panel can be positioned in a stand-alone system or a large system that is connected to the electricity grids. Earth receives almost 84 Terawatts of power and world receives 12 Terawatts of power per day. Our system trying to consume more power from sun using the solar panels. To maximize the conversion from solar to electrical energy the solar panels have to placed perpendicular to the sun. The aim in this paper is to implement an automatic tracking and cleaning system, which can trace the sun location and clean the solar panel using the mobile app. The tracking system will change the position of the solar panel so that is positioned perpendicular to the sun for maximum energy conversion at all time. Photoresistors will used as the sensor and also it consist of light sensing system, microcontroller, a motor system, and a solar panel. So this system will give 40% more output than solar panels without tracking system.

P‐16.16: Study on product adhesion characteristic of OGM

This article in view of the OGM adhesion faqs, Metal Peeling, open channel and so on, to explore the influence factors of adhesion, designed to improve adhesion of the metal. Through different process and different lamination process validation, design verification plan.Starting from the basic theory of adhesion, combined with the actual production process, analysis may affect the product adhesion factor: OC pickling, black Decap, fluctuation, slow down and washing, NO Mask STRIP OC0.Top Mo thinning, skip Anneal, OC, RM herculean task, SION, OC migration, etc.Comparing different Metal material, lamination, the panel position design verification. Through the adhesion test, process validation concluded that the relevant impact factors in actual production, OC pickling, alloy product USES cancel Metal2 black bottom, design verification of pure aluminium products go line area adopts GND excavated W/S below 15/15, BD area adopts single layer Metal line design.In this paper, the result is mainly used in Touch.

An application of solar panel for energy efficiency at vertical building in Lebak Bulus Jakarta

This article contains a research on position and placement of solar panels to reduce electrical energy consumptionof an office building with analysis on sunlight of the site, which located in Lebak Bulus, Kawasan Koridor, Jalan TB Simatupang, South Jakarta. The method of the research is as follows: (1) Analyze the site location, (2) Analyze the climate in the site location, (3) Analyze the solar panels placement based on the result of analysis of sunlight, (4) Analysis of Electricity Supply Demand Calculation in Buildings, and (5) Calculate the efficiency based on the amount comparison of electricity needs of the air conditioner and the energy produced by solar panels. The result shows that solar panels will work optimally if placed on the upper side, the northeast side and the northwest side of the building. The amount of solar panel needed are as many as 4,398 pieces, based on comparisons between energy consumption and building area. So, it can be concluded that the use of solar panels on the top side, and 2 other sides namely east and west can produce electricity use efficiency of 53.08%.

Effect of cooling on power generated by photovoltaic panels

The paper presents a numerical analysis of the operation of photovoltaic (PV) panels integrated in fixed position on the roofs or facades of the buildings. Knowing that the efficiency of photovoltaic panels is temperature-dependent, and due to fixed PV panel position, the possibility of the improving the conversion is analysed from the point of view of the temperature of the PV cells. The model is simulated using TRNSYS software and the main functioning parameters assessed are the operating temperature of the cells, open circuit voltage, maximum power generated and conversion efficiency. The solution proposed for cooling consists in using water heat exchangers attached to the backside of the photovoltaic panel. The results highlight the direct dependence of the photovoltaic efficiency with the temperature of the panel for different positions in the same geographical location. The energy gain during the cooling interval is about 26.9 Wh/m2 (vertical), 81.9 Wh/m2 (inclined) and 81.7 Wh/m2 (horizontal), which represents an increase of 5.8%, 9.3% and 9.2% respectively, compared to the normal operating conditions.

Implementasi Trainer Kit Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Surya sebagai Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Instalasi Listrik

This solar power generator system trainer is designed with a modular concept, where each component is packaged and made separately with an attractive design, equipped with the name of the component and various information about the component so that it will be easy to use, maintain and most importantly is that it can facilitate understanding the concept of the system and installation of solar power generation system units because it can be installed and assembled repeatedly, in the tests and calculations that have been carried out, on the PLTS trainer kit tool as the development of learning media for electrical installations that can be obtained at the panel surface temperature. (Tp) the average radiation is 917.9 W/m, this shows that the radiation tends to decrease because the weather is cloudy and wind gusts occur, with an average voltage of 18.97 Volts and a current of 1.8 A. PLTS is made to scale laboratory with tilt angle adjustable solar panel module and panel position to get the value of measurement parameters such as light intensity, solar panel voltage, battery voltage, battery charging current, DC output voltage, and AC inverter voltage.

Real Time Monitoring System on Solar Panel Orientation Control Using Visual Basic

Problems that often occur in the use of solar panels are the efficiency of solar panels and monitoring of solar panel generating systems. Monitoring of the output parameters of solar panels is very necessary to assess the performance and efficiency of a solar panel in real environmental conditions. Internet of Things (IoT) can make devices communicate with each other such as sending and receiving data. A monitoring system based on a wireless sensor network was created to make it easier to get direct and real time information on the output parameter data of the solar panels. The research objective is to create a monitoring system on a solar panel using Visual Basic and Blynk applications. This system is designed to determine the output parameters of the solar panel in the form of current, voltage, light intensity, and position which are processed directly and displayed in tables and graphs in Real Time conditions. The use of logger data in this monitoring system is very important. From the results of tests carried out on this monitoring system, the system is able to record and read the output parameters regarding the resulting current and voltage data as well as light intensity and the position of the solar panels. Information about measurement data from each sensor will be stored in the database and can be obtained directly through an excel spreadsheet.

Автоматическое позиционирование панели солнечных батарей и слежение за направлением максимального потока света

The paper analyzes the state and possible ways of development of alternative energy, describes the prospects for the development of solar power plants, their classification and areas of application. Within the research, we revealed the problems that arise when installing and operating solar panels and identified the reasons that reduce their efficiency. Consequently, we analyzed the ways to increase the efficiency of power generation by solar panels and suggested solar panel automatic positioning and maximum light flux direction tracking as a possible solution to the problem. The study introduces a new device for positioning solar panels, which is distinguished by the automatic deployment and positioning of solar panels according to the actual direction of the maximum light flux. The device provides possible automation of the installation and greater efficiency of solar panels. The novelty of the device is protected by a utility model patent no. 180765 RF. To confirm the efficiency and to obtain a quantitative value of the increase in power generation by solar panels due to the use of the developed device, we present the comparison methodology and a description of the experiment. The schematic diagram and external view of the developed device are also shown. The experimental results are processed and shown in a graph. The possibility of increasing power generation by solar panels by tracking the maximum light flux and reorienting the solar panel towards it during the day has been confirmed, and a quantitative value of the increase in power generation has been obtained. Based on the positive results of the experiment, the possibility of using the developed device for automating the process of deploying solar panels in an autonomous way and excluding human participation in this process is described. The operation of the developed device on a moving vehicle and other methods of its application are considered. The results are summed up, conclusions are drawn and possible further directions for the development and use of the proposed method for increasing the efficiency of solar panels and the developed device for improving the performance of solar panels are identified

Wind Coefficient Distribution of Arranged Ground Photovoltaic Panels

Solar panels installed on the ground receive wind loads. A wind experiment was conducted to evaluate the wind force coefficient acting on a single solar panel and solar panels arranged in an array. The surface roughness did not have a significant effect on the change in vertical force, which is the wind force coefficient acting on the vertical surface of a single solar panel. An examination of the change in wind direction angle showed that the largest vertical force coefficient was distributed in the 0° forward wind direction on the front of the solar panel, the 345° reverse wind direction on the rear side, and the 135° and 225° diagonal directions on the rear panel. Furthermore, an examination of the change in wind force coefficient according to the change in solar panel inclination angle (β) showed that the drag coefficient was the highest at the 40° inclination angle of the panel (β), followed by the 30° and 20° inclination angles. However, the lift coefficient and vertical force coefficient were not significantly affected by the inclination angle of the panel. The wind force coefficient of the panels arranged in an array was influenced by the wind direction angle and panel position. With the exclusion of the nearest row at a wind direction angle of 0°, all the panels in the array showed lower coefficients than those in the single-panel experiment. In the case of the panels placed inside, the wind speed was decreased by the surrounding panels. As a result, the wind force coefficient was lower than that of the single-panel experiment. This outcome is attributed to the small delamination at the end of the panels by the surrounding array of panels compared with that of the single-panel experiment.

Assessment of Meta-Heuristic and Classical Methods for GMPPT of PV System

Numerous global peak searching mechanisms have been proposed to solve the problem of energy loss due to partial shading of solar photovoltaic (PV) plants but still there is a great need for an efficient and fast global maximum power point tracker (GMPPT). A detailed review of GMPPT based on various meta-heuristic and classical methods along with the basics of partial shading phenomenon, proper positioning of the PV panels, distributed MPPT, Field MPPT etc. will be of great help to the researchers. Till date, it looks like that not a single literature has covered these issues at a single place and thus, this article fills this gap by providing a detailed assessment, tabulated gist of the various GMPPT along with the basics of key issues related to partial shading of PV plants. Various classical and bio-inspired meta-heuristic based GMPPT methods have been compared in this literature. It is expected that this paper will prove to be a valuable asset and a complete reference for the academicians and professionals for further research and proper selection of a GMPPT technique.

Solar Panel Effect on Low-Speed Airfoil Aerodynamic Performance

Recently, a great interest in search of alternate means of power for the traditional fuel for aircraft propulsion is raised so as to decrease gas emissions and reduce operating costs. For the small and micro unmanned aerial vehicles or small transportation aircraft, there are many challenges in the direction of constructing an electric or solar powered airplane whose wings may possibly be sheltered with photo voltaic PV solar panels to harvest sun’s energy for propulsion. Greatest remarkably success solar powered aircraft has attracted the attention of researchers other than UAV and small aircraft supporters. Although the solar panel is thin, its thickness is considerable compared to the airfoil thickness. This paper aims to evaluate the impact of adding the solar panel over a low camber airfoil suitable for low-Reynolds number flights, as mini UAVs. Three panel installation configurations are examined to stand on the most suitable configuration, in terms of aerodynamic efficiency. The analysis is based on the airfoil characteristics (lift, drag, and moment) and the pressure distribution over the airfoil surface. A parametric study is conducted to study the effect of the solar panel size, thickness, and position on the aerodynamic performance.

Direct numerical simulation of TS-waves over suction panel steps from manufacturing tolerances

To determine allowable tolerances between successive suction panels at hybrid laminar wings with suction surfaces, direct numerical simulations of Tollmien–Schlichting waves over different steps are carried out for realistic suction rates on a wind tunnel configuration. Simulations at given suction panel positions over forward and backward facing steps are carried out by the use of a high-order method for the direct simulation of Tollmien–Schlichting wave growth. Comparisons between high-fidelity direct numerical simulations and quick linear stability calculations have shown capabilities and limits of the well-validated linear stability theory design approach.

Socket release/relock: An innovative mechanism to maintain residual limb volume

Management of socket fit is challenging for people using lower-limb prostheses because of residual limb volume fluctuation throughout the day. Releasing socket pressures during sitting (partial doffing) may help users increase their limb volume after they have undergone volume loss earlier in the day. The purpose of this research was to develop and evaluate a system to allow for quick and easy locking pin and socket panel release during sitting and relock upon standing. The system was to allow the partial doff tether length to be custom set for each user, accomplish release and relock in less than 2.0s each, require only one hand, and require a finger push force comparable to a push button on a phone. A motor-driven release/relock system (<240g build weight) housed within the socket adjusts locking pin tether length, and an instrumented ratcheting dial adjusts socket panel position. Three participants with a trans-tibial amputation operated the system properly using one hand. For a partial doff, users preferred a tether length between 5 and 6cm. All users executed release within 1.5s and relock within 1.5s.

Nonlinear Neuro-Adaptive Control for MPPT Applied to Photovoltaic Systems

This paper presents an intelligent control technique using a nonlinear neuro-adaptive method. This method is based on a nonlinear model describing the dynamics of the boost converter, the PV array and the load for maximum power point tracking (MPPT) under varying environmental conditions. The proposed approach consisted of a radial basis function-neuro observer for online estimation of unknown PV system parameters (i.e., irradiation and temperature) and an online trained neuronal controller that ensures a satisfactory MPPT, whatever be the position of the photovoltaic panel. The real-time implementation of the proposed controller is achieved using Arduino Mega board. The performance of the proposed MPPT method is analyzed under different operating conditions and compared to those provided by the P&O method. Simulation results using MATLAB/Simulink software coupled to experimental results demonstrate the feasibility and the robustness of the proposed controller.

Optimization of Photovoltaic Array Orientation and Performance Evaluation of Solar Tracking Systems

In recent years, solar energy has received tremendous attention in accordance with the global efforts in moving towards clean energy generation. A solar tracking system shifts the position of solar panel following the Sun's movement, allowing more energy to be harvested. This paper aims to evaluate the performance of solar tracking system in Malaysia, including the east-west single-axis tracking system, north-south single-axis tracking system, vertical axis tracking system, and dual-axis tracking system. The periodical tilt angle adjustment of fixed-tilt photovoltaic system is also investigated to optimize its performance. A mathematical model is formulated to compute the amount of solar radiation collected in a photovoltaic system and the optimization model is solved using genetic algorithm to determine the optimal tilt and azimuth angles for maximum solar radiation yield. Based on the results, PV system with dual-axis solar tracker has 22.14 % more solar radiation collected compared to the fixed-tilt system, while monthly tilt angle adjustment improves the yield by 2.15 %.

Medical Monitoring and Management System of Mobile Thyroid Surgery Based on Internet of Things and Cloud Computing

With the rapid development of the Internet of Things and cloud computing technologies, the Internet of Things technology based on comprehensive perception and interconnection and cloud computing based on virtualization, dynamic resources, and parallel computing have become the driving force for the innovation and development of informatization and intelligence. The cloud‐based Internet of Things mobile medical is an ecosystem of health information and medical information, with the medical Internet of Things at its core and highly mobile and highly shared information. Therefore, in the context of in‐depth research on mobile medical care, research on mobile postoperative thyroid monitoring and management systems based on the Internet of Things and cloud computing is a practical tool for promoting the development of mobile medical systems. Monitoring and Management. In this experiment, 48 cases of patients undergoing thyroid surgery were selected from a hospital. The experimental group was informed by the experiment that they need to be equipped with sensors. The control panel and GPS positioning module are used to obtain the exact position of the patient at the first time. The loading of the sensor is agreed by the patient and the patient’s family. Afterward, the control group will not be processed. It will conduct functional tests and software performance tests on the mobile medical monitoring and management system and analyze the satisfaction of medical staff with the mobile medical monitoring and management system. Experiments have proved that the cloud computing medical monitoring and management system is used to obtain the exact location of the patient in the first time, and the response time needs to be shorter. The response time of the system increases with the increase of the number of sensors (P &lt; 0.05), which shows that the mobile medical monitoring and management system is essential for medical care and medical care. Obtaining the exact position of the patient for the first time is of great importance for the successful rescue of the patient.

Application of GIS tools to the improvement of energy supply in PV rooftop installations

Present work studies the energy supply from photovoltaic (PV) installations in industrial conglomerates using the rooftops as a surface to install the PV panels. The study is based on a modelling procedure that takes into account the specific characteristics of the rooftop, shape, size, azimuth and inclination, using GIS tools to identify these parameters for every single rooftop. Modelling has been developed modifying the tilt angle of the PV panel for vertical and horizontal PV panel layout and analyzing which one of the two configurations generates more energy. The study has been extended for tilt angles from the horizontal plane to the latitude of the location. The methodology uses a previous study in determining the optimum number of PV panels that can be placed on the rooftop. Shading effects have been taken into account for energy supply calculation, resulting in a variation with the tilt angle of the PV panel that depends on the range of the tilt angle; three ranges have been identified, low (0≤β/ϕ≤0.3), medium (0.3≤β/ϕ≤0.8)and high (0.8≤β/ϕ≤1). Maximum variation, 1.6%, has been observed in the low range, while for the high range energy supply does not seem there is no blocking to depend on the tilt angle. The results show that the modelling matches theoretical predictions within accuracy higher than 99.4%. Modelling has also been developed for two different configurations of the PV panel positioning, vertical and horizontal. Tests have been applied to the largest and smallest rooftop; the similar trend in the evolution and the close values of the energy supply with tilt angle proves that the methodology can be applied to any of the industrial building rooftops. The results of the modelling show that there is no much difference between the two configurations; however, horizontal configuration works better for larger areas while vertical one is more suitable for smaller areas. Additional row has been added to the layout provided the shadow is out of rooftop bounds. The increase of the energy is not very relevant, barely 1% for the vertical configuration and 0.2% for the horizontal one.

Experimental evaluation of indoor thermal environment with modularity radiant heating in low energy buildings

Abstract The air conditioning system in low-energy buildings should be high-efficient because of its limitation on energy consumption and requirement for thermal comfort. This study proposed a novel modularity radiant terminal which can be moved freely in the vertical direction. A series of field experiments on the optimal design scheme of modularity radiant heating terminal was conducted in a laboratory in hot summer and cold winter region of China. Indoor thermal performance with different installation position and area of modularity radiant heating panel were investigated. Results indicated that the modularity radiant heating system can maintain a comfortable indoor environment which the operative temperature can reach 21 °C, the vertical temperature difference below 3 °C and the radiation asymmetry below 4 °C. The design scheme of the modularity radiant heating has significant effects on indoor thermal environment, in which the installation position was a key factor. The modularity radiant panel installed in the middle of the wall and close to the floor can effectively improve the response lag of indoor thermal environment in the operation period and reduce the heat attenuation speed in the shutdown period. The response time of operative temperature at the start period can be reduced for more than 1.5 h and the thermal lag can be increased for more than 2 h at the shutdown period. Besides, the operative temperature can be increased by 1.5 K and the vertical temperature difference and the radiation asymmetry can be reduced by approximately 1 K, respectively. The optimal design of modularity radiant system can simultaneously further improve thermal comfort and realize energy consumption for low energy buildings.

Improving the energy efficiency of using solar panels

The article describes a method for increasing the efficiency of using solar panels when using a two-axis system for tracking the sun. A mathematical model of solar panel operation has been developed for the following applications: stationary installation of solar panels and the use of a two-axis solar tracker. The solar tracker has the ability to rotate the solar panel by the azimuth angle from 0 to 170 degrees, by the Zenith angle from 0 to 90 degrees. The paper presents a method for calculating power generation by solar panels using a solar tracker and a variant of stationary installation of solar panels. Plots of the PV panel as a function of time at stationary position of the solar panels and using a solar tracker. As a result of mathematical modeling, when using a solar tracker, compared with a stationary installation of a solar panel, electricity generation increases by 89.9% on the example of June 22, and by the example of December 22, the increase in electricity generation is 19.6 %. Using a solar tracker during the year increases the efficiency of electricity generation by solar panels by an average of 45-55%. Data on azimuth angles of sunrise and sunset, as well as the Zenith angle depending on the time of day for the 22nd day of each month are given in the table below. The results obtained are presented for coordinates: 45 degrees 3 minutes North latitude 41 degrees 59 minutes East longitude, which corresponds to the locality of the city of Stavropol in the Russian Federation.