Position Of Ukraine Research Articles

FORMATION OF AN EFFICIENT REGULATORY SYSTEM OF INTERNATIONAL INVESTMENT UNDER CONDITIONS OF INCREASING CHALLENGES OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

In modern conditions of increasing challenges of sustainable development, there is a need to create an effective system of regulation of international investment activities that would ensure economic, ecological and social balance. The article examines global flows of foreign direct investment by different groups of countries: a global trend that can be associated with economic difficulties, geopolitical crises, as well as the impact of inflation or global slowdown in production. The article reviews the investments of the TOP-10 largest economies in the world in the energy transition until 2023, as well as the EU-27 and the rest of the world. Solar and wind energy have been found to be leaders among green investments. China, the USA and the EU are actively financing large-scale projects in this area, and the fall in the cost of technology contributes to the rapid implementation of renewable energy sources In the context of this study, monitoring of the rating of countries according to the Environmental Performance Index (EPI) was carried out, which is a tool that helps to assess the success of countries in protecting the environment and achieving sustainable development, and also provides an opportunity to identify problem areas, stimulates transparency in politics and promotes the implementation of effective solutions for global environmental challenges. A general decline in EPI values among leading countries may indicate an increase in global environmental challenges. The improvement of Ukraine's position indicates progress in the implementation of environmental reforms, but the gap with the leading countries remains significant. International investment policy for attracting «green» investments has significant potential to accelerate the transition to sustainable development. The article outlines the prospects of international investment policy for attracting «green» investments; the principles of forming an effective system of regulation of international investment based on the principles of sustainable development (transparency and accountability, integration of environmental standards, protection of the rights of local communities, compliance with international standards) and its elements (development of international regulatory acts, financial incentives, monitoring and reporting mechanism, sanctions for violations) are defined).

STATE AND PROSPECTS OF INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF UKRAINE ACCORDING TO THE APPROACH OF THE GLOBAL INNOVATION INDEX

The article presents the research results of the state and conditions of innovation in Ukraine based on the level and dynamics of the components of the Global Innovation Index. The methodology for determining the Global Innovation Index and the dynamics of Ukraine's position in the ranking is considered. The strengths and weaknesses of innovation activity and the innovation environment in Ukraine are assessed. The correlation between conditions and results of innovation activity in the country is analyzed. The nature of the influence of the current political and economic situation in Ukraine on the state of the innovation environment and innovation results is defined. The prospects for further innovative development of the country are determined.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE COMPETITIVENESS OF UKRAINE'S ICT SECTOR: AN INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVE

The purpose of the paper is to examine the international competitiveness of Ukraine's ICT sector through a comparative analysis with 30 countries, identify its strengths and weaknesses, and provide actionable insights for policymakers, industry stakeholders and investors to improve Ukraine's position in the global ICT market. Methodology. The research employs the composite index methodology to assess the international competitiveness of Ukraine's information and communication technology (ICT) sector. The original ITSIC comprises 35 indicators; however, this has been expanded to 58 in order to provide a comprehensive view of the competitive advantages and position of the ICT sector in the global ICT market. Results. The article presents the findings of a comparative study of the ICT sector of Ukraine with global and regional leaders in the global ICT market. In order to identify the factors influencing the formation of competitive advantages, the following groups of factors were taken into account: the state of ICT infrastructure, the availability of qualified and competent IT professionals, the state and favourability of the political and business environment, the innovative potential of the ICT sector and its involvement in international trade and cooperation. The calculations have yielded the ratings for each group of indicators and the composite index as a whole, which identify the leaders in both global and regional dimensions. Specific consideration is given to the positioning of Ukraine's ICT sector within the context of the surveyed countries, with a focus on the identification of its competitive advantages and disadvantages within the global ICT market. Consequently, it has been determined that the international competitiveness of the domestic ICT sector between 2018 and 2022 was most significantly influenced by the extent of its involvement in international trade and collaboration, the availability and proficiency of the talent pool, and the quality of the ICT infrastructure. In conclusion, this study has identified the factors and trends that have the potential to impede Ukraine's ascension as a global leader in the ICT sector. Practical implications. The findings of the study may prove beneficial to a number of parties, including public authorities, ICT companies, investors and venture capitalists, educational and research institutions, international organisations and development agencies, IT entrepreneurs and the general public. The value and originality of the study can be found in its comprehensive, data-driven, and context-specific analysis, which provides actionable insights and strategic recommendations to enhance the international competitiveness of Ukraine's ICT sector.

Features of the Development of International Trade in Tourist Services

Introduction. The relevance of studying the peculiarities of the development of international trade in tourist services is determined by the significant role of world tourism in the structure of the global economy. In the conditions of a complex international political situation, which is dynamically changing, it is crucial to identify the vectors of the development of the tourism industry to determine the future structure of the macro-regional distribution of tourist flows. Aim and tasks. The purpose of this study is to identify the dominant factors and prospects for the development of international tourism business in the conditions of modern global economic and political instability to determine the most favourable marketing strategies for interaction in the international market of tourist services by extrapolating the results to the possibilities of post-war recovery of the tourism industry in Ukraine. Results. An analysis of international tourism arrivals showed that the average annual growth rate of the industry from 1995 to 2020 average annual growth of international tourist arrivals was more than 4 per cent. Over the estimated period from 1995 to 2023, the average arrival rate decreased to 2.46 per cent. Macro-regions are considered the most promising for the scaling of international tourism, as well as the factors that will contribute to this and can inhibit economic processes. Special attention is paid to the positioning of Ukraine during the post-war recovery of the tourism industry. Forecast indicators indicate that international tourist arrivals to Ukraine could reach 61 million people in the tenth year of the post-war period. An alternative strategy for promoting national tourist products and brands in the target markets of Central and Eastern Europe, Asia, and the Middle East was proposed, and the feasibility of continuing the promotion of Ukraine as a tourist brand was substantiated. Conclusions. This study confirms the vector of the shift in global tourist flows under the influence of a number of factors that deepen the contradictions between the Global South and the North, revealing key trends in the growth and displacement of international tourist flows among countries belonging to two opposite camps. The directions of institutional and structural changes required to restore international tourism in Ukraine in the post-war period to strengthen Ukraine's position in the global tourism market are proposed.

The main theoretical and methodological approaches to understanding the enlargement of the European Union

The article identifies and analyses four main approaches to understanding the enlargement of the European Union, which has evolved from a sporadic practice to a component of the Union's daily activities. In particular, enlargement as a way to a superstate formation, as a response to external challenges, as horizontal institutionalisation and as deteleologisation. The need to accept another group of states, including Ukraine, makes the European Union decide on its future: to become a federation by amending the founding treaties, or to maintain the staus quo, somewhat limiting the veto power of the Member States and opening the way to a multi-speed Europe. In the latter case, the menu for member states will not be limited to admission to the Schengen or Euro area, but will also offer various forms of quasi-political participation in decision-making processes in the EU bodies. The main reasons are the very low level of economic development of the candidate states and the different pace of pro-European reforms, which will make it much more difficult to simultaneously accept this group of candidates. The granting of membership to the current candidate states will be dominated by the security factor and will actually mark the culmination of the EU as a geopolitical project, as, given the numerous failures of attempts to integrate immigrants from non-Christian countries, no state outside the European continent will be offered membership. In addition, the outcome of the Russian- Ukrainian war — Kyiv's victory or the freezing of the conflict — will determine not only Ukraine's position in the EU, but also the fate of the Eurasian continent, its division into spheres of influence between Brussels and Beijing. Key words: enlargement, European integration, European Union, institution, democracy, geopolitics.

Current trends in world agricultural trade by product: the place and role of Ukraine in the context of its own food security

Methods. The methods used as the methodological basis of the study were: analysis and synthesis - when identifying modern trends in the development of international trade in agricultural products; factor analysis – when identifying factors that stimulate the growth of international trade in agricultural products; generalization – when processing statistical data with the aim of establishing the dynamics of global export and import of grain crops by the largest exporting countries; normative analysis – when formulating recommendations for improving the position of Ukraine on the world market of agricultural products and creating conditions for its food security. Results. Current global trends in the development of international trade in agricultural products were considered, and the main subjects of the global agricultural market are singled out. The place of Ukraine in the world market of agricultural products is determined and the role played by the country in shaping the offer of the specified product is shown. The main problems of Ukraine's food security, which are related to its participation in international trade and economic relations in the agrarian sector of the economy, are singled out. Recommendations were given to strengthen Ukraine's competitive position on the world market of agricultural products and create conditions for its food security. Novelty. The main global trends in the field of international trade in agricultural products were proposed, which is based on a comparative analysis of challenges and opportunities for a country that participates in the international exchange of agricultural products. The weak and strong sides of Ukraine's participation in the international trade of agricultural products have been identified in view of its economic security. New opportunities and challenges for the export of nationally produced agricultural products have been identified. Practical value. The conducted analysis provides an understanding of the state and development trends of the world market of agricultural products, which allows to strengthen the place and role of Ukraine in trade and economic relations with other countries of the world, as well as to create conditions for its food security.

THEORETICAL BASIS OF DETERMINING UKRAINE'S PLACE IN MODERN INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC EXCHANGE

The article raises the issue of determining Ukraine's place in modern international exchange. International economic exchange is carried out in all directions of international relations. The subjects of exchange are innovations, technologies, finished products, finance, labor force. These processes are facilitated by the creation of various network structures, within the framework of which foreign economic relations take place and the processes of exchange, purchase and sale are carried out. The basic economic categories that form the basis of economic policy in the formation of international economic relations are defined. The essence of these categories, their components and challenges for national interests in the context of international integration are given. It is noted that globalization provides access to new markets, technologies and investments, but requires countries to adapt, increase competitiveness and ensure economic security. States should actively work on strategies that allow national economies to successfully integrate into the global economy, while maintaining economic sovereignty and ensuring sustainable development. It is justified that the determinants of foreign economic relations of the Ukrainian economy are multifaceted and include economic, geopolitical, ethnic, historical, cultural , institutional and spatial-resource aspects. Each of these factors affects the formation of foreign economic policy and determines Ukraine's international position. The interaction of these determinants shapes the country's strategy in the international arena, influencing its economic growth, development and integration into the world economic system. It is substantiated that the basic economic categories are the foundation for the formation of international economic policy. Understanding and correct use of these categories allows countries to effectively integrate into the world economy, support economic growth, strengthen their international positions and ensure the well-being of the population. Economic policy based on the analysis of these categories contributes to the development of international economic relations and the achievement of the country's strategic economic goals.

INNOVATION AND INVESTMENT PROVISION OF DEVELOPMENT OF AGRARIAN SECTOR OF ECONOMY OF UKRAINE

The article analyzes the problem of investment and innovation provision of the agrarian sector of the economy of Ukraine. Our country has a significant potential for the development of the agricultural sector due to the large areas of agricultural land and favourable natural and climatic conditions. Investments in modern technologies, high-quality seeds and agrochemicals improve and maximize this potential. The key aspects that contribute to the stimulation of investments and innovations in the country’s economy and contribute to the development of a favourable investment climate, the encouragement of innovative ideas, the study of priority areas for investments, the provision of financial support, etc. have been identified. The priority areas of investment support that will allow to ensure the development of innovation potential are highlighted and the main types of the effects from the application of innovations in the agricultural sphere are characterized. The basic components of investment support for the competitive development of the agrarian sector of the economy are defined, which indicate various sources of investment income of private, state, and international capital. The advantages and disadvantages of sources of investment income and ensuring the competitive development of branches of the agrarian sector of the economy are given. The costs of the scientific research and development by types of work and the dynamics of the number of innovatively active enterprises by types of economic activity in Ukraine were analyzed, the share of innovatively active enterprises in the total number was determined. The sources of financing innovative activity of enterprises of the agrarian sector of the economy of Ukraine are characterized. Innovation and investment mechanisms for ensuring socio-economic development, which affect the formation, development and effectiveness of the innovation and investment environment, are considered. The rating of the «Global Innovation Index» and the position of Ukraine in it, as well as the general principles of investment policy, are given. It was determined that innovative and investment support for the development of the agricultural sector of economy of Ukraine is not only relevant, but also an urgent task to ensure a sustainable and successful future.

The Strategic Management of Ukraine in The Ukraine vs Russia War: An Analysis Through SWOT Framework

The conflict between Ukraine and Russia has significant implications for Ukraine's strategic management, presenting challenges across military, economic, and political dimensions. This article provides a comprehensive analysis of Ukraine's strategic management approach using the SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) framework. Ukraine's strengths include a strong national identity, support from Western allies, and a capable military, which have helped maintain its sovereignty despite Russian aggression. However, weaknesses such as economic challenges, internal political divisions, and dependence on Western support hinder its independence and strategic position. Opportunities for Ukraine lie in building stronger alliances with Western countries, overcoming economic challenges, and implementing diplomatic initiatives. These efforts can provide financial and military assistance, address economic issues, and achieve goals through negotiation. Threats to Ukraine include Russian military power, economic coercion, and political interference, which limit Ukraine's ability to achieve its objectives and make it vulnerable to regional pressures. This paper examines Ukraine's strategic position in the conflict, considering geopolitical dynamics, military capabilities, and historical context, highlighting the strategic management approach through the SWOT framework.

Foreign experience in enforcing tax liabilities

This paper is devoted to the study of foreign experience in the field of legal regulation of tax liabilities enforcement through the prism of comparing the approaches of different countries with the provisions of the tax legislation of Ukraine. The author traces the development of national legislation in recent years in the system of tax administration, which is reflected in the improvement of Ukraine's position in the Doing Business ranking, including the easing of the taxation system after the start of large-scale military aggression. The scientific study of foreign experience in the field of regulation of tax liabilities enforcement is aimed at examining various legislative and practical approaches to implementing effective mechanisms into the tax legislation of Ukraine. The author traces the development of the Republic of Georgia in terms of improving the efficiency of tax compliance. A comparative analysis of the experience of France and Ukraine regarding the procedure for collecting tax debt and the role of the tax authority in deciding on the further operation of the enterprise or its liquidation is made. The peculiarities of tax administration in the United States and approaches to tax debt repayment are identified. Innovative amendments to the tax legislation of Poland to counteract tax evasion are investigated. The author describes Italy's experience in tax administration and measures to collect tax debt. The author formulates the types of enforcement of tax liabilities in Ukraine and other countries, determines their effectiveness and consideration in the development of national legislation. The author substantiates the need to improve the national regulatory framework for ensuring the fulfilment of tax obligations by introducing new innovative approaches to improve taxpayers' tax discipline.

Impact of digitalization on the sustainability of financial processes in Ukraine

The purpose of this paper is to study the impact of digitalization on the sustainability of financial processes in Ukraine. To achieve the goal, the following tasks were performed in the research process: the concepts and stages of development of digitalization in Ukraine were considered; the impact of digitization on the sustainability of financial processes in Ukraine is investigated. During the research, methods of analysis, synthesis and scientific abstraction were used. It is noted that digitalization has become a general characteristic of most modern financial innovations and is the result of the growing influence of information and communication technologies in the production and financial spheres. Its influence is objective, as it takes into account the increasing influence of information technologies on the general life of mankind, the increase in the level of informatisation among the population and the increase in the number of Internet users. It was also noted that the use of digital technologies helps to increase the speed and efficiency of production processes, performance of works and provision of services. They make it possible to make decisions and implement new ideas in accordance with modern market requirements and consumer needs. The use of digital technologies by financial institutions makes it possible to increase productivity, reduce costs and risks, and improve the quality and availability of products and services. It was noted that digital technologies have a significant impact on the sustainability of financial processes in Ukraine. Key aspects of this impact include: increased efficiency and speed; increasing the availability of financial services; improving control and security; stimulation of innovation and competition; increasing transparency and availability of information. The conclusion notes that digitization in Ukraine is a key factor in the development and modernization of the domestic economy, contributing to its sustainable growth. Evaluating this process, it was found that it opens up new opportunities for improving financial services and strengthening Ukraine's position on the world market.

Foreign trade of organic products in the context of sustainable development

Methods. In the course of study, the following methods were used: analysis and synthesis – when determining the place of production of organic agricultural products in the general industry structure of Ukraine, as well as highlighting the main advantages of the development of organic agriculture in the Ukrainian economy in the context of ensuring sustainability; system approach – when establishing the relationship between organic production and achieving the goals of sustainable development; general and specific – when clarifying the specifics of trade in organic products on foreign markets in order to achieve the goals of sustainable development; statistical methods - when creating ratings of countries importing organic products in the EU. Results. The essence of the global concept of sustainable development is revealed and the position of Ukraine in achieving its goals in comparison with other European countries is determined. The place of organic products in the general structure of agricultural products is determined. The specific features of the formation of demand for organic products in the domestic market of Ukraine and the factors that determine it in foreign markets are analyzed. The dynamics of sales volumes of Ukrainian organic products on foreign markets, in particular the countries of the European Union, are shown. The ranking of the TOP 10 countries importing organic products of Ukrainian production to the European Union in 2022 is presented. Novelty. The relationship between organic production and the achievement of the goals of sustainable development was established. The advantages of the development of organic agriculture in the Ukrainian economy in the context of ensuring sustainability were determined. Practical value. The analysis of the volume of trade in organic products in the context of sustainability allows determining the priority directions for improving the trade balance of Ukraine and its promotion on the path to achieving the goals of sustainable development.

Mechanism of synergy between public health, food safety and consumer behavior: the role of neuromarketing

Methods. The results of the study were obtained by using the following methods: comparison – when studying the dynamics of the global hunger index and the GTI in Ukraine to determine Ukraine's place in the world food security ranking; general and specific – when establishing the relationship between food security and the public health system; standard methods of sociological research – when studying the behavior of food consumers as a result of the use of various neuromarketing methods; structural and logical analysis – when justifying the use of neuromarketing methods to improve the country's food security and directly affect the development of the public health system. Results. The role of positive changes in the regulatory and legal support for the functioning of the integrated public health system in Ukraine in the context of European integration processes is shown. The position of Ukraine in the world food security ranking among the indicators of 125 countries is investigated. The dynamics of the factors influencing the formation of the GHI is analyzed. It is proved that food security is one of the components of the public health system. The reasons for the food problem in the world and in Ukraine in particular are considered. Examples of the application of neuromarketing methods as a tool for influencing food security and the public health system in general are given. Positive and negative factors of influence of neuromarketing methods on the public health system are systematized. The necessity of further scientific research on the synergy of neuromarketing, food security and the public health system as factors influencing the overall well-being of the population is emphasized. Novelty. The article is the first to investigate the aspects of synergy between public health, food security and neuromarketing in Ukraine in the current conditions of ecosystem disruption during the period of military aggression. Practical value. The application of neuromarketing methods to improve the promotion of food products on the market aimed at ensuring food security of the country, improving public welfare and further development of the public health system is proposed.

World experience of legislative regulation for Lithium-ion electric vehicle batteries considering their second-life application in power sector

Understanding and incorporating global regulatory experiences and standards related to battery management is of greatest importance, particularly when considering the rapid evolution of the electric vehicle (EV) market and its implications for energy storage and sustainability. This is especially relevant for Ukraine, where the burgeoning secondary market for EVs and a keen interest in renewable energy sources underscore the need for proactive policy-making and standardization to address the challenges of battery second life and recycling. This article delves into the role of Electric Vehicle Lithium-Ion batteries within the ambit of the circular economy, underscoring the significance of legislative frameworks across the globe with a particular focus on European initiatives in light of Ukraine's EU integration ambitions. This encompasses extending battery life through recycling and repurposing, thereby ensuring both economic viability and minimal environmental footprint. The narrative outlines the varied legislative landscapes internationally, noting the differences in strategies from Asia's technological and safety emphasis to Europe's robust regulatory directives aimed at battery lifecycle management. In Europe, the drive towards sustainable battery utilization is marked by comprehensive policies like the EU Battery Directive and the emerging Regulation on Batteries and Waste Batteries, which set forth ambitious recycling targets and introduce innovative concepts like the battery passport. Drawing from this global overview, the article posits a set of recommendations for Ukraine, suggesting the development of extensive battery management legislation, adoption of European standards to smooth the path towards EU membership, investment in recycling infrastructures, fostering of public-private partnerships, and public awareness initiatives. These recommendations are designed to elevate Ukraine's position in the sustainability, promoting environmental stewardship and economic competitiveness. The growing importance of secondary lithium-ion batteries for electric vehicles in supporting and harmonizing renewable energy sources is emphasized, and accordingly, the need for adequate legislation and standardization to support a closed-loop economy. Keywords: Lithium-Ion Batteries, Second-Life Application, EV Battery Life Cycle, Circular Economy, Repurpose, Reuse, Recycling, Standards, Regulation, Legislation.

STRATEGIC PLANNING OF REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE DIGITAL ENVIRONMENT

As of today, it is crucial for Ukraine to implement a comprehensive system of state strategic planning. This will facilitate the country's rapid development and positioning of Ukraine in leading positions in the world. The impact of digital development in all areas has changed the way society and government communicate. The scale of digital change in society is enormous, and digitalization can be seen as a catalyst for new paradigms, concepts, and approaches to strategic planning for the country's development. Successful strategic planning and public administration organizations determine the comfort of citizens' lives and strengthen the competitiveness of the region.

Cultural Orientations of the Politics of Education in Ukraine (2010–2013): Ideology Strikes Back

In this article, the author has analysed educational reforms and educational policy in general, which was implemented in Ukraine during the presidency of Viktor Yanukovych. A few political cases were analysed, in particular the opposition of the National University of “Kyiv-Mohyla Academy” to the educational trends implemented by the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine under the leadership of Dmytro Tabachnyk. The manifestations of colonial policy in Ukrainian education, which were aimed at the rapprochement of Ukraine and Russia and the positioning of Ukraine as a colonial part of the imperial body, have been outlined. It has been discussed in what implicit way the colonial strategy was implemented in the educational reforms in Ukraine, in particular in the aspect of teaching humanitarian disciplines, e.g. Ukrainian literature. Forms of possible resistance to colonial strategies in the educational field, the principles of overcoming imperial pressure and intensifying the narrative of resistance, which made it possible to avoid further splitting of the Ukrainian identity in the imperial body, have been analysed. The legislative activity, which was focused on strengthening the status of the Russian language as a regional language, has been outlined. Linguistic colonial approaches at the level of legislative initiatives in language policy have been spotlighted, in particular in the Kivalov-Kolesnichenko Law.

ДИСПОЗИЦІЯ УКРАЇНИ НА РИНКУ НАНОТЕХНОЛОГІЙ

The article examines the current issues of leadership of countries in the field of nanotechnology, and it is argued that the pace of development of the national system of nanotechnology standardization and certification in Ukraine is far from encouraging, especially taking into account global progress in this area. The positions of Ukraine in the global rankings of the effectiveness of innovative activity were evaluated and the possession of our state with a fairly developed scientific, technical and educational potential as a basis for conducting fundamental nanotechnological research was confirmed, but they also demonstrate the presence of a number of deep structural problems in the domestic economy. Significant inhibiting factors in the development of the nanotechnology segment of the national innovation system are also the preservation of significant bureaucratic and financial restrictions in the internationalization of Ukrainian R&D, which not only repel international partners from this process, but also largely demotivate domestic scientific research institutions to develop international innovation cooperation and involvement in of foreign infrastructural capacities. An immanent feature of the national field of research and development is also the significant problems of international scientific and technical cooperation of domestic institutions and the insufficient level of their integration into the global and European research space. It has been proven that despite the transformation of nanotechnology into a leading scientific and technological priority of global innovative progress in recent decades, nanoproduction still has not gained significant distribution in Ukraine. In the context of successfully overcoming the scientific and technical backwardness of our country in the field of development of the nanotechnological segment of the domestic innovation market and increasing the scale of production of new nanomaterials, the issue of ensuring a deep convergence of fundamental and applied research and development of the nanotechnological profile, as well as organizational, economic and institutional training of domestic sub enterprises to the introduction of nanotechnology in their production activities.

ОЦІНКА ІННОВАЦІЙНОГО ПОТЕНЦІАЛУ УКРАЇНИ В КОНТЕКСТІ СВІТОВИХ РЕЙТИНГІВ

The innovative potential of Ukraine was evaluated in the context of world ratings, in particular according to the Global Innovation Index, the Bloomberg Innovation Index and the Summary Innovation Index. The place of Ukraine among other countries of the world in terms of the level of innovative development has been determined. In the Global Innovation Index in 2021, Ukraine was in 49th place, in the Bloomberg Innovation Index – in 58th place, in the Innovation Index of the Summary Innovation Index – in 34th place. According to the results of the ratings, such countries as Switzerland, USA, Sweden, South Korea, Great Britain, Finland, and Germany occupy the leading positions. The position of Ukraine in international rankings before the full-scale invasion of Russia on the territory of Ukraine indicates a rather unstable competitive position and the absence of an active policy in support of innovative activities and lack of effective mechanisms for introducing innovations and further commercialization. And the war only deepened and exacerbated the existing problems and significantly worsened the image of our state on the international arena in the context of its innovative development. In such difficult conditions, it is already important to use the best world experience and practices of the European Union in the formation of state policy regarding the development of innovations, including finding ways to increase financial support for innovative development from the state. The implementation of effective state regulation through the mechanisms of stimulating and supporting innovations, as the main driving force for increasing competitiveness, establishing cooperation between the state, society and business, creating a favorable institutional environment for the development of science, scientific developments and research should be a priority vector of Ukraine despite all the difficulties associated with war. The creation of human resources support mechanisms, in which Ukrainian scientists could implement their innovative ideas and developments in Ukraine, and not abroad, will also contribute to the increase of innovation potential.

ПРОБЛЕМИ ТА ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ ГЛОБАЛІЗАЦІЇ, ГЛОБАЛЬНІ ПРОБЛЕМИ ЛЮДСТВА

The article examines the problems and prospects of globalization, identifies the problems associated with the impact of globalization processes on the development of world and national economies. It is noted that each state formulates and implements a rational strategy of economic development taking into account the priorities and norms of behavior of the main participants in global economic activity. It describes important global problems that affect people's lives, the functioning of national economies, affect both the Earth's surface and the world's oceans, etc. The Globalization Index of the countries of the world (KOF Globalization Index) was analyzed, the analysis was carried out using the assessment of 24 indicators, which are grouped into three main groups of global integration: economic, social and political globalization. The countries with the highest Globalization Index in 2022 and in recent years and the countries with the lowest Globalization Index are determined. The position of Ukraine in the general rating of globalization according to the indicators of the general index of globalization, economic globalization, social globalization and political globalization is considered. It was revealed that the created legislative and institutional mechanism for promoting globalization is insufficiently involved in economic, social and political processes. The main global problems are described: the demographic problem, the food problem, the energy and raw materials problem, the problem of peace and disarmament, ensuring environmental stability, social and economic problems, political problems and a number of others. All global problems are intertwined and cover the demographic, political, ecological, economic and social spheres of human life. There are ways to solve global problems that cannot be solved quickly, but a single international solution and regulation mechanism is needed, the definition of international legal and economic norms, the development of a set of specific measures to comply with environmental standards by the countries of the world is expedient, the future depends on the joint efforts of the peoples of the world the future of humanity.

Regulatory policy in the insurance sector as an important component of financial market stability and transparency

Introduction. In the economy of any country, the insurance sector holds a stable position as one of the significant financial instruments that effectively protects the property interests of all economic entities from risks that accompany them throughout life and are not a temporary phenomenon. As we can see, the last decade worldwide has been characterized by an increase in military conflicts and wars, which have caused significant human and material losses. Such military conflicts have a significant economic impact on all economic entities. Therefore, it is important in conditions of instability and threats to ensure security and provide financial protection for all economic entities. As financial intermediaries, insurance companies make a significant contribution and greatly impact economic stabilization. They can ensure security and provide financial protection to all those in need because insurance is an integral part of the entire economy of any country. The role of insurance in providing financial protection for the interests of individuals and legal entities is undeniable. Over a historically short period, radical changes have taken place in this field, which is sufficiently covered in the works of domestic scientists: T. Artyukh, V. Bazylevych, A. Baranov, O. Gamankova, S. Goryanska, S. Osadtsya, N. Prykazyuk, O. Kneysler, T. Kryvoshlyk, V. Stetsyuk, R. Pikus, V. Trynchuk, T. Tataryna, L. Shirinyan, T. Yavorskaya. It was their works that had a significant impact on the formation of insurance scientific thought and insurance culture, which is extremely important in terms of the socio-economic development of the country. However, these issues require constant further research, as life and health, and the country's infrastructure directly affect the development of the country's economy as a whole. Objective. To identify and systematize regulatory policy in the insurance sector as a crucial component of financial market stability and transparency, consumer protection, and the promotion of sustainable insurance market development. Methodology. The authors employed the abstract-logical method and the observation method to formulate theoretical propositions and conclusions; the structural method and the comparative method were used to analyze insurance operations. Results. This article investigates Ukraine's position among the world's largest insurance markets based on the volume of gross written premiums; examines the role of insurance for various consumers of financial services; analyzes regulatory policy in the insurance sector; considers the financial market in numbers, including insurance companies; analyzes the concentration of the insurance market based on gross written premiums, the level of payouts, and types of insurance; determines the loss ratio by type of insurance; and identifies indicators of consumer attractiveness based on assets, equity, insurance reserves, net earned premiums and insurance payouts.