Institutional Position Research Articles

International Money Laundering Trends in the Cryptocurrency Market

Cryptocurrencies are specific financial instruments that work based on blockchain technology and are currently used by an increasing number of people as a means of payment and investment. By analysing the positions of official institutions in the field of cryptocurrencies, as well as the opinions of experts in financial information technologies, a complex view of the issue has been developed. heir anonymity and the support infrastructure make them attractive to international criminal activities, especially for laundering illicit financial flows through various scams. Different methods are used for this. To combat this phenomenon in different countries, combative measures have been taken. At the same time, an important opportunity has become the improvement of the regulatory framework at the national and international level of activity on the cryptocurrency market.

Kedudukan dan Fungsi Lembaga Kemasyarakatan Desa di Desa Buar Kecamatan Rahong Utara Kabupaten Manggarai Berdasarkan Peraturan Menteri dalam Negeri Nomor 18 Tahun 2018 Tentang Lembaga Kemasyarakatan Desa dan Lembaga Adat Desa

This study analyzes the position and function of village community institutions in Buar Village, North Rahong District, Manggarai Regency based on Permendagri No. 18 of 2018. The method used in this study is an empirical judiciary method using primary data and secondary data. Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 23 of 2014 (Law No.23 of 2014) concerning Regional Government states that in the village a community institution can be established stipulated by Village Regulations guided by Laws and Regulations. In the general explanation of the Law, it is explained that in order to realize democratization and transparency of development at the community level and to encourage, motivate, and create access so that the community plays a more active role in development activities as well as assisting the village government in managing development and community empowerment, it is necessary to establish community institutions in the village. The formulation of the problem in this study is: (1) What is the position of Village Community institutions in Buar Village, North Rahong District, Manggarai Regency Based on the Regulation of the Minister of Home Affairs Number 18 of 2018?, and (2) Factors Hindering the Implementation of the Authority of the Position of Village Community Institutions in Buar Village, North Rahong District, Manggarai Regency Based on the Regulation of the Minister of Home Affairs Number 18 of 2018?. From the results of the research, the author concludes that the function of community institutions in the implementation of development in Buar Village, North Rahong District, Manggarai Regency has not been maximized in accordance with the Regulation of the Minister of Home Affairs Number 18 of 2018. Some of the functions that have not been implemented include the preparation of development plans in a participatory manner, the shelter and distribution of community aspirations, and the increase of community participation in development. Factors inhibiting the implementation of the authority of Village Community institutions include lack of resources, limited knowledge and skills of village institution members, dependence on the central or regional government, corruption and nepotism practices, internal conflicts, and leadership instability.

Pesantren Intellectual Activism Outside of Islam and Muslims: Study of the Jalan Dakwah Pesantren (2016) Documentary Film

This research tries to reexamine the meaning of Pesantren (Islamic boarding schools) as inclusive spaces by reinterpreting the film Jalan Dakwah Pesantren (2016). As a prophetic space born from a long process of Indonesian cultural and educational history, Pesantren is often attached simply as a label for traditional Islamic education and ignores its role outside of Islam, which also uses the Pesantren education model. This article strengthens the historical perspective of ​​ Pesantren as inclusive spaces that can be used and applied by people outside of Islam and Muslims in Indonesia and the world. This research uses an interdisciplinary approach (interdisciplinary studies), including literature reviews and in-depth interviews, by exploring relevant historical forms of Indonesian educational experience, starting from Hindu, Buddhist, and Kapitayan education to Islam in the Archipelago and then similar models in other parts of the world. This research shows that the normalization of Pesantren traditions as intellectual activism has been widely absorbed by cultural actors outside of Islam and Muslims as a basis for deepening character and insight. Pesantrens, as examples of education, have been in the position of cross-cultural institutions and carry out the mission of transmitting religious and cultural knowledge outside of Islam.

The study of modern professional competences for pharmaceutical positions that determine the effective activities based on the analysis of opinions of pharmacy professionals

Aim. To study modern professional competencies – hard skills (including knowledge, abilities, skills) and soft skills (personal skills) that determine the effective activity of pharmacy professionals (PP) in certain pharmaceutical positions (pharmacy manager, pharmacist, pharmacist’s assistant) and determine the most important of them for pharmacy retail in today’s conditions. Materials and methods. To collect and process data, such scientific methods as the analysis of literary sources, the method of questionnaire survey, the method of comparison, comparison, and generalization, were used. The results of the analysis were processed using licensed software products of Microsoft Office Excel. The methods of descriptive statistics and statistical analysis, such as the Epitools service (Ausvet Ltd., Australia), a STATISTICA 13 statistical package (TIBCO Software Inc., USA) were used to process the questionnaire data. Results. As part of our study, a survey, in which 200 PP took part, was conducted. The questionnaire contained open-ended questions, in which it was necessary to specify 3-5 hard skills (professional skills) or soft skills (personal skills) that are necessary for the effective performance of the professional duties of PP in the relevant position, as well as select one of the most important ones from this list. At the same time, three positions were differentiated: pharmacist, pharmacist’s assistant, and pharmacy manager. According to the survey results, hard skills and soft skills, which, according to the majority of PP, were the most necessary for each position. were identified. Conclusions. Based on the results of the study conducted, it has been found that the actualization of professional competences and soft skills is an important step for effective work by position in pharmacy institutions in today’s conditions. It has been determined that such soft skills as sociability, responsibility, stress resistance, honesty, intelligence, purposefulness, hard work, love for the profession, experience, energy and reliability are equally important for the positions of a pharmacist, pharmacist’s assistant and pharmacy manager. At the same time, specific hard and soft skills are distinguished for each of the positions: empathy and attentiveness are more important for pharmacists and pharmacist’s assistants, while organizational skills, managerial qualities, desire for professional development and knowledge of legislation are important for pharmacy managers. Responsibility is a key quality for pharmacy managers, professionalism and knowledge – for pharmacists, and attentiveness – for pharmacist’s assistants. Differences in the perception of the importance of these hard and soft skills are also related to the age, qualification and type of pharmacy institutions where respondents work.

Gender dynamics in humanitarian leadership: navigating COVID-19 and beyond

This paper explores the intersection of the impacts of COVID-19 on women and girls in humanitarian settings with the necessity of incorporating female perspectives in decision-making roles within multilateral institutions delivering humanitarian aid. Women remain underrepresented in leadership positions in these multilateral institutions. However, increased female participation in leadership roles is linked to greater consideration of women’s needs in humanitarian response plans, thereby promoting gender-sensitive recovery efforts. Given COVID-19’s exacerbation of preexisting gender disparities in fragile settings, gender-responsive relief measures are crucial in humanitarian contexts. With the rising demand for humanitarian aid, prioritizing gender-sensitive and inclusive responses is essential for fostering an equitable and resilient post-COVID-19 future.

Beyond numbers: visual and textual diversity in the online art database

ABSTRACT This study investigates visual and textual diversity in the online art database with Nationalmuseum as a case study. It combines quantitative and qualitative methods to characterize different types of representations and analyse how such variations can be connected to different circumstances for digitization. As shown, database records have varied over time and they mirror institutional attitudes and priorities. Artworks which have been activated by being on display, recently acceded, or undergone conservation are typically rich in visual and textual information. As this study shows there is a need to look at digitization beyond numbers as the processes of representing art collections online are steered by different cultural factors. It is evident that the already esteemed, popular, activated artworks in the museum are also more extensively represented online. In effect, digitization does not seem to broaden the access to the visual heritage but rather amplify existing biases in the analogue systems.

Problematika Angkringan Tradisional (AT) di Yogyakarta: Pembacaan Kondisi Empiris Angkringan Tradisional (AT) Menggunakan Konsep Modernitas dan Gentrifikasi

Angkringan has become a cultural symbol, urban feature and social space for the people of Yogyakarta and its surroundings. However, deculturalization and modernity have been considered to be the main challenges for the existence of traditional angkringan (TA) in the city of Yogyakarta. This research aims to explain the potential problems faced by traditional angkringan in the midst of the urban modernity process that is occurring and its relationship with institutional attitudes towards modernity. This research was conducted around the university area of Gadjah Mada University and Yogyakarta State University. Data collection methods were carried out through field observations, informal interviews, and literature review data. The results of this research show that development with the concept of modernity which is interpreted in a limited way, the shift from informal spaces to formal spaces, business competition, technological developments and social changes have more or less influenced the existence of traditional angkringan. Apart from that, modernity can be said to have shifted the role, function and physicality of traditional angkringan from public spaces

The Future of Learning: AI-Based Curriculum Development

The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) has ushered in a new age in education, with prospects to tailor learning experiences and change teaching processes. Conventional educational systems often find it difficult to accommodate varied learning styles and needs, resulting in disengagement and wasted opportunities. AI-powered technologies, such as personalized learning algorithms and adaptive assessment tools, provide solutions by customizing educational experiences for each student, increasing engagement and motivation. This integrated literature review (ILR) offers an in-depth examination of AI-based curriculum development, focusing on its revolutionary impact on education. The research aims to build an AI-based curriculum that customizes learning and fulfills varied student needs without increasing existing inequities or jeopardizing data privacy and security. The study's purpose is to consolidate current research to highlight the benefits and problems connected with AI integration in education. The underlying conceptual framework incorporates personalized learning algorithms, adaptive assessment tools, and immersive educational technology, highlighting their ability to improve learning outcomes and increase student engagement. This ILR systematically reviews literature, including scholarly papers, articles, conference proceedings, and reputable digital resources. The data collection approach included identifying relevant keywords, conducting extensive searches, and meticulously reviewing selected publications. The review combines technology, pedagogy, psychology, and sociology concepts to understand AI's function in education comprehensively. The results show that personalized learning algorithms can dramatically improve student engagement and academic achievement by offering relevant and sufficiently challenging content. Adaptive assessment technologies provide real-time feedback and interventions, which improves learning outcomes. However, common issues like data privacy, algorithmic biases, and equal access necessitate careful control. Using immersive technology such as virtual reality and augmented reality improves comprehension and retention, but it requires significant financial investment and technical skill. The findings highlight AI's potential to transform education by delivering personalized, adaptable, and engaging learning experiences. Future research and practice recommendations include extensive professional development programs for educators, equal access to AI technologies, and the establishment of solid ethical criteria. The study underlines the need for specific positions in educational institutions, such as AI Data Privacy Coordinators and AI Equity Specialists, to successfully handle ethical and practical concerns. This ILR highlights AI's revolutionary educational potential and offers a road map for using these technologies to create more inclusive, effective, and engaging learning environments. Further research is needed to investigate the long-term effects of AI integration on student results and to provide scalable, adaptive AI solutions for various educational environments.

The meaning of autonomy: How artists justify career paths

While autonomy is a crucial concept in the sociology of culture, most scholars treat it as an objective feature of the cultural field or creative work. This article argues that autonomy is a subjective construct with ambiguous meanings that enable creative workers to flexibly justify their career paths. I draw on a case of Chinese visual artists in the postsocialist era (since 1979), where the institutional context of dual career path highlights the ambiguity of autonomy. Using interview data with two groups of Chinese artists in different institutional positions—state-affiliated artists employed by the official system and independent artists without official affiliation—I show that the two groups offer conflicting narratives of autonomy. State-affiliated artists claim freedom from market and art criticism, whereas independent artists assert autonomy from state and organizational duties. Both groups emphasize the kind of autonomy they have and downplay the kind they lack to justify their career over the alternative position. Based on these findings, I suggest a more interpretive analysis of autonomy in cultural fields, one that illuminates how workers use ambiguous meanings to justify career choices.

"I feel like I'm changing people's lives, even if it's just two hours at a time": Understanding contingent instructors' emotion management in university teaching.

This article extends existing scholarship on contingent or temporary-contract university instructors' emotional agency by employing the Bolton's emotion management and Cottingham's emotional capital typologies in tandem. In interviews with 40 instructors from universities across Canada, participants described acquiring both primary and secondary emotional capital as an embodied psychosocial resource through past education, upbringing and culture, and knowledge and skills from previous work and training experiences respectively. They then deployed this capital through emotion management based in both social and organizational feeling rules in their capacity as professors. This allowed instructors to reinforce their own sense of purpose, authority and competence as instructors, and to establish fulfilling relationships with students through teaching and mentoring which they infused with personal meaning. However, instructors' agency was also curtailed to varying degrees, by both institutional attitudes around academic contingency and sexist, and in some cases, racist or otherwise patronizing attitudes from students. Despite this, instructors were often able to reaffirm their identities as instructors by using emotion management in self-affirming ways, such as by drawing on self-confidence gained through previous occupations and training, and facilitating cultural backgrounds shared with students through emotional management.

Recommendations for Recovery of the COVID-19 Pandemic-related Diagnostic, Screening, and Procedure Backlog in Ontario: A Survey of Healthcare Leaders.

The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a significant diagnostic, screening, and procedure backlog in Ontario. Engagement of key stakeholders in healthcare leadership positions is urgently needed to inform a comprehensive provincial recovery strategy. A list of 20 policy recommendations addressing the diagnostic, screening and procedure backlog in Ontario were transformed into a national online survey. Policy recommendations were rated on a 7-point Likert scale (strongly agree to strongly disagree) and organized into those retained (≥75% strongly agree to somewhat agree), discarded (≥80% somewhat disagree to strongly disagree), and no consensus reached. Survey participants included a diverse sample of healthcare leaders with the potential to impact policy reform. Of 56 healthcare leaders invited to participate, there were 34 unique responses (61% response rate). Participants were from diverse clinical backgrounds, including surgical subspecialties, medicine, nursing, and healthcare administration and held institutional or provincial leadership positions. A total of 11 of 20 policy recommendations reached the threshold for consensus agreement with the remaining 9 having no consensus reached. Consensus agreement was reached among Canadian healthcare leaders on 11 policy recommendations to address the diagnostic, screening, and procedure backlog in Ontario. Recommendations included strategies to address patient information needs on expected wait times, expand health and human resource capacity, and streamline efficiencies to increase operating room output. No consensus was reached on the optimal funding strategy within the public system in Ontario or the appropriateness of implementing private funding models.

Przyszłość Unii Europejskiej: możliwe kierunki zmian

THE FUTURE OF THE EUROPEAN UNION: POSSIBLE DIRECTIONS FOR CHANGE The crises of recent years have revealed the weakness of the European Union in many areas. This, in turn, contributed to the debate on its current state and necessary changes, inter alia, at the Conference on the Future of Europe. And although there are many arguments for the need for reforms, among other things, in order for the Union to better cope with challenges both internally and in its external environment, no Intergovernmental Conference has been convened so far. However, this does not mean that reform is impossible or unlikely, nor does it mean that there are no changes taking place in the European Union. The article will present the positions of institutions, member states and civil society regarding the necessary changes, and, above all, it will outline the directions of necessary and possible changes. The article will be descriptive, analytical, and comparative in nature.

The Evolution of the Principle of Shared Responsibility in the Area of European Integrated Border Management

The article includes a legal analysis of the principle of shared responsibility, which is the current basis for implementing European Integrated Border Management (EUIBM). In particular, the article analyzes the main instruments strengthening the institutional position of the European Union in border management, that is, the Frontex standing service and its powers to apply coercive measures and the obligation of Member States to cooperate with the agency. There are three stages in the evolution of the principle of shared responsibility. The first stage begins with the reform of the EUIBM system resulting from the then migration pressure, initiated by the European Commission’s communication of December 2015 and the European Border and Coast Guard (ESGiP) Regulation of 2016, replacing the original Frontex Regulation. The reform allowed for the adoption of the first binding definition of European integrated border management and introduced the principle of shared responsibility. The second stage is marked by the ESGiP reform of 2019, which significantly expanded Frontex’s competences by establishing the agency’s force corps. The third stage, carried out during the period of intensifying geopolitical changes in Europe and the world, begins with the adoption in 2023 of the first multi-annual program implementing and aimed at the effective implementation of EUIBM, the so-called “strategic policy.” The article puts forward the thesis that geopolitical conditions favoring the tendency to tighten operational cooperation have enabled the Union to build an EUIBM based on the principle of shared responsibility and a significant evolution of the principle itself. It seems that EUIBM in its current formula has exhausted the treaty possibilities and further expansion of the system should be preceded by a treaty reform.

Procedure for Certification of Stomatologists (Dentists) and Maxillofacial Surgeons in Ukraine as of 2024: Analysis of General Provisions and Provisions on Certification Commissions

Each country has different legislative features of continuing professional development (CPD) of doctors and corresponding state сertification. The purpose of this paper is to highlight and to make the quick analysis of two aspects of the Procedure for Certification of Stomatologists and Maxillofacial Surgeons of the Order of the Ministry of Healthcare of Ukraine dated February 22, 2019, No. 446 (as amended by the Order of the Ministry of Healthcare of Ukraine dated August 18, 2021, No. 1753). First aspect is General Provisions of the Procedure for Certification of Doctors and second ascpect is Provision on Certification Commissions. The General Provisions include seven clauses, and the Provisions on Certification Commissions include 11 detailed clauses. Clauses of the General Provisions include such topics as (1) the mechanism for the сertification of doctors, (2) tasks of conducting certification, (3) terminology, (4) types of certifications, (5) the List of medical positions in health care institutions, according to which certification is carried out, (6) the main place of work and part-time work during the certification, and (7) deadlines for submitting documents for the next voluntary certification. Clauses of the Provisions on Certification Commissions include information about (1) state bodies under which certification commissions are created, (2) the procedure for approving the personal composition of the certification commission, (3) composition of the Central Certification Commission, (4) composition of the certification commissions and its subcommittees, (5) the periodicity of renewal is not less than 1/3 of the composition of certification commissions, (6) quantitative composition of certification commissions at their meetings, (7) frequency of meetings of certification commissions, (8) the decision-making mechanism of commissions, (9) functions of the Central Certification Commission, (10) list of doctors certified by the Central Certification Commission, and (11) places of certification of doctors working in health care institutions that are part of the management of central executive bodies, other bodies where relevant certification commissions have been established. This certification procedure in Ukraine applies to doctors of all eight stomatological (dental) specialties, namely (1) doctors-stomatologists, (2)pediatric doctors-stomatologists, (3) doctors-stomatologists-orthodontists, (4) doctors-stomatologists-prosthodontists, (5) doctors-stomatologists-periodontists, (6) doctors-stomatologists-therapists, (7) doctors-stomatologists-surgeons, and (8) maxillofacial surgeons (also known as maxillofacial doctors-stomatologists). Certificate of assignment of a higher qualification category to a doctor-stomatologist-surgeon in the specialty “Surgical Stomatology” (also known as “Oral Surgery”) has been added to the article for clarity. This article provides a detailed analysis of the translation of the General Provisions and the Provisions on Certification Commissions as two basic parts of the Procedure for the certification of doctors in Ukraine.

A Critical Analysis of the Regulations and Process of Appointment of Vice-Chancellors at Higher Education Institutions in Pakistan

In post Eighteenth Amendment era higher education became a provincial subject, limiting the Federal HEC's role to maintaining standards. However, only two provinces have established their Higher Education Commissions with limited power. Various university acts have loopholes regarding appointments of vice- chancellors, leading to some appointments being nullified by higher courts due to procedural non-compliance. The lack of clear rules for higher level appointments negatively impacts lower levels, necessitating a robust legislative framework. It is crucial to appoint permanent vice-chancellors for all vacant positions in Higher Education Institutions. An effective and efficient regulatory and legislative framework for the higher education sector should involve all major stakeholders, including the Federal Government, Provincial Governments, university representatives, the National Finance Commission, and the Council of Common Interest. This collaboration is essential to address the current gaps and improve governance in higher education.

Ulu al-Albab in the Qur'an: Meaning, Characteristics, and Role in Social Change

This study aims to examine the Qur'anic verses that mention "ulū al-albāb." Using a qualitative research design and content analysis, the primary data were sourced from the Qur'an, while secondary data were collected from tafsir texts and scholarly articles. The findings reveal that "ulū al-albāb" possess profound intellectual and spiritual insight, characterized by knowledge, adherence to divine covenants, maintaining family ties, fear of God, patience, prayer, altruism, and repelling evil with good. These attributes distinguish them from ordinary intelligent individuals. "Ulū al-albāb" are well-suited to lead and implement "dakwah" (Islamic propagation), especially in methods requiring deep understanding and strategic implementation. They are expected to serve as agents of social change by occupying significant positions in societal institutions, leveraging their influence to drive positive transformations. This study highlights the importance of integrating textual and contextual approaches in understanding "dakwah" and the critical role of "ulū al-albāb" in Islamic thought and social change.

Implementation of Segmentation, Targeting and Positioning of Islamic Education Institutions

Implementation of Segmentation, Targeting and Positioning of Islamic Education Institutions

Increasing The Competitive Advantage Of Sharia Rural Financing Banks (BPRS) Products Through A Marketing Mix Strategy: The Approach Of Hermawan Kartajaya And Muhammad Syakir Sula

This research aims to analyze the marketing strategy implemented by BPRS Lantabur Tebuireng Gresik Branch to increase the competitive advantage of Tadhabbur savings products by considering the approaches of Hermawan Kartajaya and Muhammad Syakir Sula. The research method used involved interviews with BPRS marketing managers, direct on-site observation, and literature studies to understand relevant marketing principles. Research found that BPRS Lantabur Tebuireng was successful in implementing a holistic marketing strategy. They offer products that suit customer needs, set competitive prices, carry out promotions through sharia financial education, provide responsive service, utilize technology, and implement social engagement programs. The success of this strategy is supported by high service quality, synergy with local communities, a focus on ethical values, and a humanist approach to marketing. These findings indicate that this approach can be used as an effective model for other Islamic financial institutions to increase the competitive advantage of their products. Thus, implementing a marketing strategy that is holistic and based on sharia values and community welfare can be the basis for strengthening the market position of sharia financial institutions in the banking industry.

The Impact of Japan's Cultural Diplomacy on the Construction of Japan's Traditional Cultural Soft Power

After World War II, Japan improved its national image and soft power through a series of cultural diplomacy tools. Cultural diplomacy aims to enhance understanding and friendship among the peoples of different countries through culture-related means of external communication. Soft power, on the other hand, refers to the third aspect of a country's strength, in addition to economic and military power. Japan's cultural diplomacy has a profound impact on the construction of its traditional cultural soft power. This article adopts a longitudinal single-case study approach to sort out Japan's traditional culture, including cultural heritage, traditional skills, spiritual culture, and national character. The article finds that Japan has enhanced its goodwill towards Japan in Europe, America and Southeast Asia through its active participation in international co-operation, reform and strategic positioning of government institutions, development of tourism, cultural and artistic exchanges, and promotion of celebrity masterpieces. This suggests that the building of Japan's traditional cultural soft power can be translated into favorable feelings towards Japan among people in other countries. However, the inherent closedness of traditional culture and history-related traditional culture are the obstacles that need to be overcome in the construction of Japan's traditional cultural soft power.

Strategic Judicial Empowerment

Abstract When courts seek to strengthen their own institutional power, they often need to be strategic. In many fraught political contexts, judiciaries lack a history of asserting authority against powerful political actors. How can courts with fragile authority establish and enhance judicial power? This Article explores the phenomenon of strategic judicial empowerment, offering an account of how and when courts deploy various strategies aimed at enhancing their institutional position vis-à-vis other branches of government. Drawing on examples from apex courts in Pakistan, Malawi, Malaysia, and the United Kingdom, it explores the ways in which judges use tools of statecraft to increase the effectiveness of their decisions and enhance their role in the constitutional order. The Article explores the particular strategies that courts might employ in service of self-empowerment: first, a strategy of maxi-minimalism features Marbury-style maximalist reasoning that expands judicial power while issuing a narrow ruling to avoid political backlash; second, an inverse strategy of mini-maximalism involves formalistic, orthodox doctrine that downplays the expansion of judicial power, even as a court delivers a decision of immediate consequence; third, a strategy of coalition-building that aids a judiciary in seeking allies in other institutional stakeholders; fourth, a rhetorical strategy that courts may use to craft a constitutional narrative of popular salience; and, fifth, a unanimous, single-voice decision that provides the optics of a unified judicial front. This Article also considers the conditions that tend to give rise to instances of judicial self-empowerment. Courts in diverse contexts tend to assert themselves, for example, when their own institutional turf is threatened, during moments of political or constitutional crisis, when judges can capitalize on popular support for the outcome of a ruling, and under an influential judicial leader mindful of establishing a legacy.