Institutional Position Research Articles

Patient safety in a rural sub-Saharan Africa hospital: A 7-year experience at the AIC Kijabe Hospital, Kenya.

The development of a safety culture is challenging, primarily because it often disrupts institutional attitudes, norms and values. In the healthcare industry, most of the data on the results of unsafe care come from High-Income Countries. The Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture (HSOPS) is a tool for assessing, building, sustaining and comparing institutional safety cultures within healthcare organizations. We used the HSOPS over a 7-year period, and herein report our experience. The authors report their experience using the HSOPS tool in Kijabe Hospital, an institution with 650 employees, over a 7-year period. The HSOPS tool, with no local modifications, was distributed to all employees during each survey. The institutional HSOPS percent positive dimension scores for 2015, 2017 and 2019 were compared with baseline data from the 2013 survey. The average response rate during the study period was 84.5% (range 65.1% to 93.6%). In general, the mean percentage positive dimension scores of most domains improved in the 2019 survey (p<0.05), including reduced staff turnover and, improved hospital support for patient safety (p<0.0001), amongst other domains. The overall patient safety grade (excellent/very good), was 50% (range 43-64%). Although the dynamics of high staff turnover and hospital leadership change presented challenges in developing and measuring institutional patient safety culture, this study demonstrates that patient safety ideals can be developed and embraced in sub-Saharan Africa. Patient safety champions, a generative institutional leadership that is supportive of patient safety, are important for the development of an institutional safety culture. Creating an institutional just culture creates a patient safety culture.

Comprehending the OSR Position of Panchayati Raj Institutions and its Sustainability in Assam, India

Comprehending the OSR Position of Panchayati Raj Institutions and its Sustainability in Assam, India

Fundamentals of leadership development: a randomized pilot study to evaluate implementation of a leadership curriculum for diversity, equity, and inclusion.

The Fundamentals of Leadership Development (FLD) Curriculum was created to increase integration of diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) in leadership skills. The pilot FLD course was utilized 1) evaluate short-term impact of the curriculum, and 2) evaluate optimal delivery methods of curricular interventions on diversity in a leadership context in a randomized fashion. After IRB approval, the pilot FLD course was opened to all SAGES Committee members for enrollment. All participants had access to the same online modules and discussion forum, but were randomized either to a 4-week longitudinal or 2-day intensive didactic session. Participants were asked to assess the curricular content after each online module and provide overall course feedback on all sessions. This data was collected along with leadership experience, course participation, and course completion data. A total of 79 participants registered for the FLD course, with 55 (69.7%) of participants completing the course. Of those that registered, 46 (58.2%) self-identified as underrepresented in medicine, 32 (40.5%) self-identified with she/her/hers pronouns, and 45 (57.0%) held an institutional leadership position. Fifty-nine (74.6%) participants were willing to be randomized. Course engagement was higher in the intensive course with 64.1% and 48.7% participation over days 1 and 2, respectively. In the longitudinal course, participation dropped off every week from 70%, 47.5%, 35%, and 27.5%, throughout the 4-week course. Participants who accessed the online modules spent a median time of 3h and 34min.User confidence after completion of each individual module were "somewhat confident" and "completely confident" for almost all survey respondents on a 5-tier Likert scale. The pilot FLD course appealed to SAGES members in leadership roles and who identified as. URiM. Course engagement was higher in the intensive course. Long-term behavior changes after course completion will need to be assessed with additional qualitative interviews. (300/300 words).

Book Review: Derek S. Jeffreys, America’s Jails: The Search for Human Dignity in an Age of Mass Incarceration. New York University Press. 2018.

In America’ Jails: The Search for Human Dignity in an Age of Mass Incarceration, Derek Jeffreys attempts to primarily focus on the human dignity of inmates in U.S. jails. He draws from his experience volunteering in a prison chapel, visiting various jails and prisons in Wisconsin and overseas, and his access that was granted to him inside the Cook County Jail by Sheriff Thomas J. Dart. Jeffreys states that he was freely able to speak with both inmates and staff inside the jail. He does his best to bring about many disturbing abuses inside the jail system but resists the temptation to portray those working in corrections as evil and to blame. Throughout the book, Jeffreys discusses a long common practice of placing those thought to be insignificant or in a powerless position in mental hospitals, jails, prisons, or other institutions. Jeffreys discusses his ideas of proposed policy changes that may assist in preventing abuse and neglect of inmates in jail and how to reduce the populations of those incarcerated.

Building tomorrow's learning landscape through AI integration and development in higher education

Birmingham City University (BCU) has responded proactively to the evolving landscape of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) in higher education by creating written guidance and workshops for staff and students. This initiative addresses prevalent concerns surrounding AI in education and is rooted in a sector report assessing the positions of higher education institutions (HEIs) and offering guidance on effective integration of GenAI use in teaching and assessment. Our project carries several impactful aspects, including written guidance and workshops for staff and students, which reflects BCU’s dedication to addressing common concerns surrounding GenAI in education. Furthermore, the multi-agency collaborative approach brings diverse perspectives to the table. The different perspectives enable us to tailor our learner development offer through knowledge of curriculum and assessment in a particular discipline and whether that discipline is more susceptible to GenAI use than others. The insights from learner developers in creating student guidelines ensure the project is attuned to the needs and concerns of the student body, promoting a student-centred approach. This session focused on an institutional take on GenAI through the collaborative development of staff and student guidance at BCU. The presentation outlined the new AI staff and student guidance project and discussed how effective integration of GenAI education has been implemented at BCU. It also noted positive influences of GenAI through our new staff and student workshops which bring together existing and new knowledge around academic integrity and assessment literacy. Finally, it highlighted next steps around AI integration for the Education Development Service at BCU.

Al-Azhar University's Indonesian Student Alumni Strategic Role Analysis in Influencing the Politics of Indonesia-Egypt Foreign Policy

Al-Azhar University has a crucial role in shaping Indonesia's domestic politics and foreign policy, especially in its relations with Egypt. The university's Indonesian alums have significantly contributed to this process, occupying strategic positions in government and religious institutions. This research aims to analyze the impact of these alumni on Indonesia-Egypt diplomatic relations through their roles in policy formulation. This study employs a qualitative research method, utilizing a descriptive-analytical approach. Data was collected through secondary sources, including relevant documents and literature, and analyzed using qualitative analysis techniques. The results demonstrate that Indonesian alums of Al-Azhar University have substantially influenced Indonesia's foreign policy towards Egypt, particularly in promoting moderate Islamic values and diplomacy. Their involvement has strengthened bilateral relations, as evidenced by increased educational cooperation and diplomatic initiatives. The findings emphasize the strategic role of these alumni in bridging the diplomatic gap between Indonesia and Egypt through soft power diplomacy.

Vocational Education Administration, Bilateral System under the Office of the Vocational Education Commission Kalasin Province

Background and Aims: Vocational education administration Dual system of educational institutions under the Office of the Vocational Education Commission. It is a professional education arrangement that arises from an agreement between an educational institution and a business establishment. The main objective is to develop and train professional skills for students. To prepare for future work the objectives of this research are to study the following: (1) Level of administration of vocational education, dual system, of vocational education in Kalasin Province. According to the standards for managing vocational education in the dual system of the Vocational Education Commission. To assess the quality and efficiency of operations at the operational level. 2) Compare the level of vocational education administration in the dual system of vocational education in Kalasin Province. To find differences in management in various areas and the use of various approaches to develop educational quality. (3) Study guidelines for promoting or developing the administration of vocational education, a dual system, of educational institutions under the Office of the Vocational Education Commission, Kalasin Province. To suggest ways to improve and develop educational administration to be more efficient. Methodology: In this research the sample group used was a total of 196 people. The research tool was a questionnaire with a 5-level rating scale, which had a confidence value of 0.81 and an internal consistency (IOC) in the range of 0.6-1.00. This questionnaire was designed to inquire about the administration of vocational education. Dual system of educational institutions under the Kalasin Provincial Vocational Education Institute. For data analysis use basic statistics, including frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation and statistical tests used to compare differences, including t-test and F-test. Results: The results of the research found that: (1) Vocational education administration overall, it was at a high level. (2) Results of comparative analysis of opinions regarding vocational education administration classified by position, educational level, and size of educational institution found that there was no difference. (3) Guidelines for developing vocational education administration It is necessary to be supported and encouraged to be able to develop and adapt to the changes in today's industrial world. The various areas that should be developed include: 1) Quality of graduates: They must have knowledge and abilities that are accepted by the industry. 2) Curriculum development: Curriculum should be developed together with entrepreneurs and other stakeholders. 3) Measurement and evaluation: An effective measurement and evaluation system should be developed. 4) Cooperation between Educational institutions and business establishments: There should be strong relationships and cooperation in developing students. Conclusion: Vocational education administration Dual system of educational institutions under the Office of the Vocational Education Commission Kalasin Province. It is necessary to strengthen cooperation between educational institutions and enterprises. By giving the private sector an opportunity to participate in setting criteria and guidelines in various areas to be clear and consistent with the needs of the labor market. In this regard, there should be an effective evaluation process in order for management to be systematic and produce good results.

Administration of the Student Support System of Educational Institutions under the Chaiyaphum Provincial Learning Promotion Office

Background and Aims: Research on "Administration of the student support system of educational institutions under the supervision of the Chaiyaphum Provincial Learning Promotion Office" has the objectives to (1) study the level of administration of the student support system of educational institutions under the supervision of the Chaiyaphum Provincial Learning Promotion Office. (2) Compare opinions of personnel regarding the administration of the student support system. Classified according to the position, duties and size of educational institutions. (3) Study guidelines for developing and improving the administration of student support systems in educational institutions in Chaiyaphum Province. Methodology: The research sample consists of civil servants, government employees and contract employees who work in educational institutions under the Chaiyaphum Provincial Learning Promotion Office in the academic year 2023, numbering 226 people. The sample size was determined using the Crejcie and Morgan tables. The tools used to collect data include a questionnaire with a reliability equal to 1 and a structured interview. Data analysis uses statistics such as frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation, T-test, F-test, and qualitative data analysis. Results: The results of the research found that (1) opinions regarding the administration of the student support system of educational institutions under the Chaiyaphum Provincial Learning Promotion Office; Overall, it is at a moderate level. (2) When comparing opinions of personnel regarding the administration of the student support system. Classified by location and size of educational institution It was found that overall there was no difference and when considering the different aspects, no differences were found either. (3) Guidelines for developing the administration of the student care and support system include: 1) Knowing students individually: Educational institutions should seriously operate the student care and support system. By appointing a responsible person and storing student information up to date. 2) Student screening: Educational institutions should take information from each student to screen and divide students into groups according to specified criteria. 3) Problem prevention and resolution: Educational institutions should educate students about the problems they face. To provide students with knowledge and the ability to solve recurring problems. 4) Promoting student development: Educational institutions should organize activities that match the interests of students. To instill social responsibility. 5) Referral aspect: Educational institutions should coordinate with specialists related to student problems in order to provide appropriate assistance. Conclusion: Administration of the student support system of educational institutions under the Chaiyaphum Provincial Learning Promotion Office According to the opinions of personnel classified by position and the size of the educational institutions, overall, are not different When considering each aspect, it was found that every aspect was not different.

Exploring diverse educators’ language ideologies: how lived experiences shape understandings of bilingual education goals

ABSTRACT This study explores the ways diverse educators’ lived experiences shape their understanding of dual language bilingual education (DLBE) goals, responding to calls for research to better understand how educator ideologies impact the equitable implementation of program goals. This qualitative case study highlights the voices of DLBE educators who identify as transnational, Latinx and African American and includes data from classroom observations, interviews, focus groups and pláticas. We offer a conceptual framework that reveals how ideologies related to language acquisition, status, and variation are impacted by teachers’ prior schooling/teaching, institutional positioning and understandings of racialization and cultural identity – sociocultural factors that are co-constructed across micro and macro-level discourse. Our findings suggest that through teaching in DLBE programs and reflecting upon their lived experiences, educators’ ideologies are constantly developing and can shift to foreground equity and center multilingual learners in DLBE programs. Our study has implications for teacher education and professional development that recognizes educators’ diverse experiences (e.g. transnational and/or lived experiences related to race/ethnicity and institutional positioning) to support the ongoing development of ideological clarity that has bearing on the realization of DLBE goals in the pursuit of equity.

Personal, Institutional, and Societal Barriers to Educators’ Engagement with Datafication on Campus

Datafied digital systems have permeated higher education over the past decade. Registration, grading, financial operations, alumni communications, and often teaching take place through digital platforms that extract and collate data, about students as well as faculty and staff. At the level of these data system processes, academics may not have the knowledge or practices to fully grasp the shift in their workplace that datafication represents. However, our research suggests that educators do understand the paradigm shift that datafication represents and have strong beliefs about how institutions should proceed to protect students and academia itself. Our team conducted an in-depth Comparative Case Study (CCS) investigation of how university educators make sense of the datafied infrastructures in and on which they work. This presentation overviews the knowledge, practices, experiences, and perspectives of educators in various institutional status positions from six different countries, in relation to datafied digital tools. We will focus particularly on the barriers that participants articulated to their own engagement with data, at personal, institutional, and societal levels. We will frame ways barriers are reinforced by institutional approaches to datafication, overview participants’ concerns, and explore how datafication has altered faculty’s power position as knowers within the academy.

In Search of Organizational Actorhood: Institutional Positioning Statements of Turkish Public Universities

In Search of Organizational Actorhood: Institutional Positioning Statements of Turkish Public Universities

Subsidiary strategy and importance of standards: An institutional development of the integration-responsiveness framework

According to the integration–responsiveness framework, subsidiaries of multinational enterprises (MNEs) are assigned different strategic roles depending on the business environments they operate in. MNEs are classified as multinational, international, transnational, and global firms. Although standards are crucial for both export performance and Foreign Direct Investment, there is no scientific knowledge on how different types of standards interrelate with MNE strategies. Derived from the review of the limited literature on the role of different types of standards for different MNEs subsidiary strategies, we take an institutional theory perspective and position different types of standards within the integration–responsiveness framework. Based on data collected within the German Standardization Panel, cluster analysis is performed confirming that MNEs’ subsidiary strategies can be grouped according to the importance of formal and company standards. While conformity with national formal standards is necessary to meet pressure for local responsiveness, the application of international standards provides firms with access to global markets. Company standards and management system standards are important to transnational firms to achieve efficiency gains and improve bargaining positions. We compare the export intensity of MNEs with different subsidiary strategies to validate our clustering. In addition, different motives for applying different types of standards confirm our conceptual positioning.

Strategies of the Manado State Christian Institute in Implementing Christian Cyber University-Distance Leaning

Distance learning at state Christian higher education institutions is something new. Therefore, this research aims to determine the appropriate strategy for implementing distance learning at Manado State Christian Institute. This research method uses a mixed method design, mixed method research that combines qualitative and quantitative data collection and analysis methods in one study and is carried out from April to June 2023. The method used by the respondents was the purposive sampling method. Respondents were selected from internal and external stakeholders, consisting of information technology and database unit staff, lecturers and students, and experts in the field of implementing distance learning. The instruments are the researchers themselves, interview guidelines, and questionnaires. Data analysis in the study uses SWOT and QSPM analysis methods. The results showed that based on the results of the IE analysis, the Manado State Christian Institute's position is in Quadrant II Growth Strategy (concentration through horizontal integration) with coordinate values (2.84, 3.39), which means that Manado State Christian Institute can improve its performance with internal and external resources. While the results of the QSPM analysis show that the three priority strategies for implementing distance learning are 1) Conducting benchmarking studies for the distance learning team with accredited excellence universities that offer distance education, 2) Strengthening the authority and responsibilities of distance education managers, and 3) Enhancing digital/cyber-based governance. This strategy is a priority strategy that will be implemented.

Live and let LIV? Sportswashing, Donald Trump, and attitudes toward the future of professional golf

ABSTRACT LIV Golf, a startup sports league financed by Saudi Arabia’s Public Investment Fund, has come under fire since its launch 3 years ago. Opponents argue that it constitutes ‘sportswashing’ (funding athletics to distract international audiences from problematic policy positions, especially regarding human rights). LIV’s ties to courses owned by Donald Trump have only added to the domestic and international scrutiny. What costs do such claims and connections impose on LIV’s present and future? An original survey experiment in which 497 American participants receive varying amounts of information on LIV reveals that learning about sportswashing accusations damages both LIV’s institutional reputation and position in the media and sporting marketplace. Those exposed to such claims found LIV to be significantly more problematic, more political, and more dangerous than those who read nothing about sportswashing. They were also significantly less likely to want media to report on LIV, want media to air LIV programming, and believe LIV had the right to even compete with the PGA Tour. Such findings constitute evidence of the challenges LIV must navigate and counter as it looks to take root and flourish. Ties to the former president, on the other hand, appear to have no negative impact.

Dentists’ Mental Health: Challenges, Supports, and Promising Practices

Objectives: The mental health of dentists, like all health professionals, is a growing concern. The objectives of this study were to identify the mental health challenges experienced by Canadian dentists and to describe the support needs and promising practices to better support them. Methods: This study used a mixed-methods case study design to gather data from semistructured qualitative interviews and a survey for triangulation. Results: Thirty-six dentists and 17 stakeholders participated in the interviews, and 397 dentists participated in the survey. The interview and survey data revealed that dentists have experienced several challenges personally, professionally, and socially. Around 44% of participating dentists experienced a wide range of mental health issues, including depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress disorder. Sex/gender shaped the mental health experiences of female dentists, who reported more stress related to caring responsibilities. They had a higher percentage of mental health issues (50%) than men (37%). Caretaking emerged as the main challenge in the social and personal domain, particularly for female dentists in both survey and interview findings. The dentists’ role in practice was one of the most frequently reported professional challenges. While practice owners reported challenges with staff and practice management, associate dentists experienced difficulties with the lack of autonomy and conflicts with office managers and owners. Other challenges reported by participating dentists included patient care responsibilities, loneliness, and isolation. To address these challenges and their impact, dentists and stakeholders identified several support needs and promising practices, including increasing awareness about mental health issues, expanding existing mental health resources, incorporating mental health content in dental education, and encouraging engagement in organized dentistry, particularly for women. Conclusions: The impact of mental health challenges on dentists’ career trajectory and productivity is an ongoing concern in Canada. Gender-specific strategies to support the mental health of dentists should be developed. Knowledge Translation Statement: This study identified the mental health challenges of dentists in Canada to inform the development of interventions and strategies to promote the health and well-being of dentists and dental students. It also highlighted the need for clinicians, students, and individuals in leadership positions in institutions and professional organizations to recognize and consider the working conditions of dentists in various positions to avoid negative consequences on their mental health, reduce the attrition from the professional, and improve patient care outcomes.

An empirical investigation of ethnic-cultural procedural fairness effects and their boundary conditions among three societal groups in South Africa

ABSTRACT Ethnic-cultural procedural fairness refers to the perception that societal actors use fair and unbiased procedures to make decisions vis-à-vis one’s ethnic-cultural group. Prior research using ethnic-cultural minority samples has convincingly shown that such perceptions are associated with a range of desirable outcomes. Yet, this body of evidence has so far limited its scope to European and North American samples. Moreover, more research is needed on the underlying psychological processes. Therefore, the central aim of the present study was to investigate ethnic-cultural procedural fairness effects among three societal groups in South Africa. In Study 1 (N = 326 black South Africans), we observed relationships between ethnic-cultural fairness perceptions and positive institutional and intergroup attitudes. Institutional and social trust respectively mediated these associations. Study 2 (N = 747) replicated these findings among white (n = 595), but not among coloured South Africans (n = 152). Notably, across both studies, we also obtained evidence for moderation. That is, procedural fairness effects on institutional attitudes were significantly smaller among socioeconomically burdened black participants, and procedural fairness effects on intergroup attitudes were fully curbed among white participants who reported high levels of perceived group discrimination. Taken together, our results call for enhanced attention to procedural fairness obstacles outside of typical WEIRD settings.

Research on the Multi level Training Model for Graduate Students Adapting to the New Positioning of Higher Education Institutions

With the rapid development of higher education and the diversification of talent demand in society, the types and positioning of higher education institutions are becoming increasingly diverse. As an important component of higher education, graduate education also needs to adjust and optimize its training mode accordingly. From the perspective of systems science, this article regards the entire process of cultivating professional degree graduate students as a system, from overall analysis to local research, opens up the graduate student training environment, maintains effective collaboration with various educational resources outside the training subject, focuses on the demand for high-level applied specialized talents in coal mining machinery equipment design and manufacturing in the development of the coal industry in Lvliang District, innovates the training mode, and proposes a collaborative training mode for mechanical degree graduate students in Lvliang University. The aim is to explore a multi-level training model for graduate students that adapts to the new positioning of higher education institutions, analyze the problems existing in the current graduate training model, and propose corresponding optimization strategies, in order to provide reference for the reform and development of graduate education in higher education institutions.

Fifty Years of Psychiatric Classification and Epidemiology Interactions: What is a Mental Disorder?

Psychiatric clinical diagnostic formulation has evolved over time. The changes alter our understanding and our ability to provide a public health perspective on the epidemiology of mental disorders in large populations. Epidemiology is an important perspective and set of tools to assess prevalence, treated prevalence, untreated prevalence, individual risks for mental disorders, and possible links to the etiology of disorders by following the trails of environmental exposures, biological measures, interpersonal dynamics, and genetic risk factors. As communities develop health-care services to treat individuals with mental disorders, knowledge about their prevalence and treatment requirements is also important. Since severe mental disorders may require institutional care, the diagnostic criteria used may either protect an individual’s liability for dangerous behavior (i.e. the insanity defense) or be used to control political and social dissidents. The criteria may also be used to determine evidence-based treatment options and eligibility for disability benefits. In this paper, using my vantage points as a physician scientist and public health officer, with leadership positions in national federal and professional mental health organizations, I address the developments in these areas over the past 50 years that have influenced institutional positions in the U.S. National Institute of Mental Health, the World Health Organization, the American Psychiatric Association, and the Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress. These perspectives may aid the next generation of investigators to advance the epidemiological and mental disorder classification scientific fields.

Local councils as movement resource: Post-anti-extradition movement district councils in Hong Kong

ABSTRACT This paper studies the short-lived reform experiment on grassroot democracy by the District Councils of Hong Kong in 2020–2021, following the landslide victory of candidates who supported the 2019 Anti-Extradition Movement of Hong Kong. It argues that the institutional positions and resources of local elections can serve as movement resources to support social and political movements, promote civic participation and community-building, and strengthen civil society. By a study of meeting documents and in-depth interviews with 50 pro-movement councillors, this paper recounted how movement activists made use of the local councils to support the movement, change funding allocation to counter clientelism, encourage grassroot participation and network with civil society. The window of political opportunity was quickly shut down with the imposition of the National Security Law for Hong Kong, but it showed the possibility of using local councils to further movement causes and grassroot democracy in a much-constrained non-democratic institutional setting.

Intersectional configuration of infant mortality due to malnutrition in Colombia: a mini-review.

The mini-review methodology involved a systematic literature search across databases like PubMed and Scielo, focusing on malnutrition and infant mortality in Colombia. We used specific keywords and Boolean operators to identify relevant studies, emphasizing socio-economic, gender, and ethnic factors, while excluding non-peer-reviewed and outdated publications. The relationship between gender and food/nutrition has deep historical and cultural roots. Patriarchal norms influence dietary habits based on gender roles, often placing undue responsibility on mothers for children's nutritional health, reflecting profound social intersections. Mortality due to malnutrition is most prevalent among indigenous and Afro-descendant children in rural, conflict-affected areas with limited access to healthcare. Unpaid domestic work restricts women's economic independence, intensifying challenges for single-parent households. A comprehensive understanding can shift institutional attitudes toward mothers, leading to more coherent policy strategies and effective interventions.