Positions Of Power Research Articles

POLITIK MASKULINITAS DAN BAHASA SEKSIS: BAPAKISME RIDWAN KAMIL DALAM AKUN INSTAGRAM @RIDWANKAMIL

The New Order's masculinity politics, which perpetuates hegemonic masculinity through the concept of bapakism, is still influential after the reform. The implications can be seen from the dominance of the "father" image often displayed by politicians via social media, one of whom is Ridwan Kamil. This article aims to explain Ridwan Kamil's construction of masculinity in the Instagram account @ridwankamil using mixed methods by combining a corpus-based digital humanities theoretical framework and concepts of the politics of masculinity and bapakisme. The results of the research show that, Ridwan Kamil predominantly displays hegemonic masculinity through caption language on his Instagram by often positioning himself as "father" and society as "children" and subordinating women using sexist language. This article argues that politicians use political masculinity as rhetoric and ideology to strengthen their position of power and gain support from society, which is also still heteronormative.

Predicting Weld Quality in Duplex Stainless Steel Butt Joints During Laser Beam Welding: A Hybrid DNN-HEVA Approach

Duplex stainless steel (DSS) welding is critical for producing structures and components in a variety of industries. Because traditional optimization approaches cannot manage the complexity of welding, additional solutions must be investigated. This study addresses the need for a systematic exploration of the welding parameters affecting the quality and performance of DSS butt joints, specifically employing fiber laser welding. This study focuses on butt joints in UNS S32304 and 304L using a fiber laser. Welding process parameters were systematically varied, including laser power, scanning speed, beam diameter, and focal position. To efficiently examine the parameters in the design space, the response surface methodology (RSM) with Box–Behnken design (BBD) was used. The combination of the specific parameter values used in the 7th run (Laser Power: 1600 W, Scanning Speed: 2000 mm/min, Beam Diameter: 1.5 [Formula: see text]m, Focal Position: 30 mm) led to better yield point stress (YPS), maximum tensile stress (MTS), break stress (BS) and reduction in area (RA). ANOVA and lack of fit analysis confirmed the significance of the experiment. In particular, the selected welding parameters significantly influenced all responses. A hybrid machine learning method of deep neural network (DNN) and human eye vision algorithm (HEVA) was used for predicting weld quality during laser beam welding (LBW). The hybrid DNN-HEVA consistently outperformed other optimization methods (RSM-BBD, FNN, CNN, and RNN) across key welding quality parameters. High [Formula: see text]2 values (0.9922, 0.9962, 0.9983, and 0.9907) indicated a strong correlation between predicted and actual values for all calculated responses. Lower RMSE, MSE, and MAE values were also highlighted in the precision of predicted values to the experimental data.

Moving towards smarter social contracts? Digital transformation as a driver of change in state–society relations in the MENA region

ABSTRACT Digitalization has far-reaching yet under-researched impacts on state–society relations. This article addresses this gap and explores digitalization as a driver of change to social contracts. The conceptual framework explains how it changes (a) the state’s duty to grant protection, provision, and participation in exchange for legitimacy; (b) the modes of state–society interaction; and (c) the contracting parties with respect to their location and their relative power position. Based on a literature review and recent developments in digitalization, the article then discusses how this plays out in the MENA region. It shows that digital surveillance by authoritarian regimes often dominates over the states’ duty to protect their citizens. Spaces for political participation increase through social media and online platforms but often fail to translate into ‘offline’ mobilization. Digitalization can improve public service provision, but only for digitally-connected citizens. Thus, digitalization tends to enhance the relative power positions of MENA states even if states themselves partly depend on external actors for access to and control over digital technologies. Overall, digitalization is an important, structural driver of change to social contracts but pre-existing state–society relations and governance framework conditions lead to either more inclusive or rather more authoritarian social contracts.

Auditor-Firm Conflict: Theoretical Concepts Application and Analysis of the Power Dynamics Involved

This study undertakes a theoretical analysis of the auditor-firm conflict. It relied on the review of literature methodology contextualized on auditor’s appointment , firm economic pressure , management bargaining power, auditor’s fear of losing a firm, firm’s management economic power over the auditor, auditor’s personal attributes and moral reasoning, auditor’s tenure, audit fees, audit market competitiveness, non-audit services, audit firm size and the firm’s financial condition. The study relied on Goldman and Barlev model, exchange and dependency theories to explain the likely power positions in the auditor-firm relationship. Deductively the study based on the contexts indicated the presence of an asymmetry power structure where the auditor and firm have low and high power positions. The study however, proffered resolution measures such as reputational and litigation costs; strengthening of audit committees; control over auditor’s appointment and remuneration; effective discipline of firms and auditors and strong enforcement of standards. The measures can curtail the auditor’s and firm actions in reducing violation of auditing standards; improving auditor’s independence, reduce the firm’s pressure on the auditor and bring about balance of power positions. The paper has implications for understanding the auditor-firm conflict situation and provides opportunities for strengthening audit policy and audit standards development.

Hashtag feminism: identity politics and the politicization of social change in Iran

ABSTRACT Hashtag feminism has launched a critical dialogue about women’s identity politics, domestic and social power structures, and the intersectional nature of discriminatory gender policies. Despite the fact that Twitter is officially blocked in Iran, hashtag activism has remained a vital venue for fourth-wave feminists to participate in networks and become more politically active. This study focused on the most popular hashtags, posted by 10 well-known feminist accounts (2021–2022) along with 1200 disseminated re-tweets. With the employment of reflexive thematic analysis, it explored the activists’ transformative social demands and their tactics of political coalition-building. Four extracted themes, along with nine subthemes, suggested that digital activists gave precedence to recognition and respect for their identity exempt from gender roles and feminine socialization constraints. The quest for moral plurality and tolerance for women’s modern liberties and rights stood out over the sampled tweets. Holding Islam in contempt for allegedly “discriminatory” laws and practices as well as petitioning the Islamic Republic to obtain legislative power and equal positions was an indication of their incentives for political re-structuring. Using various techniques of civil disobedience and resistance, Iranian fourth wavers took the leadership of a civil movement for the western agenda of “regime change.”

Laser Welding of ARMOX 500T Steel.

The article describes the results of the study on laser welding of armor plates with a nominal thickness of 3.0 mm. The plates were made of Armox 500T steel characterized by a hardness of up to 540 HB, a minimum yield strength of 1250 MPa, an ultimate strength of up to 1750 MPa, and an elongation A5 minimum of 8%. The laser used for the welding tests was a solid state Yb:YAG laser. The influence of basic parameters such as laser output power, welding speed, and focal plane position on the weld geometry was determined during bead-on-plate welding tests. The optimal conditions for butt joint welding were determined, and the test joints were subjected to mechanical and impact tests, metallographic analysis, and hardness measurements. It has been shown that it is possible to laser weld Armox 500T armor plates, and at the same time it is possible to provide high quality butt joints, but this requires precise selection of welding parameters. A decrease in HAZ hardness of about 22-35% in relation to the hardness of the base material, ranging from 470 to 510 HV0.2, was found. The ultimate tensile strength of the test joints was approx. 20% lower than the Armox 500T steel. The bending tests revealed the low plasticity of the tested joints because the bending angle was just 25-35°. The results of Charpy V-notch test revealed that the impact toughness of the weld metal at -20 °C was approx. 30% lower than at room temperature.

‘Fears and Scruples Shake Us’: Ecological and Perceptual Instability in Macbeth

ABSTRACT With the aid of his wife, Macbeth searches for a ‘single state’ of selfhood that will place him unequivocally and permanently in a position of ultimate power. From the start of the play, however, Macbeth is told – and seems to know – that such an ideal is impossible. Macbeth’s Scotland is a world of spatial and temporal motion that permits no pause in place or time and therefore no location or moment within which to describe any experiential situation or settle into any political or personal position. Self-knowledge is not won by human beings in philosophical or academic isolation but in synchronicity and symbiosis with environmental forces. The ecologies of the play – the witches, earthquake, the foul air, thunder and lightning – ensure the relentlessly dynamic and imbricated phenomenology of space and time that stops up the access to success for the Macbeths.

An Innovative AgNP-based Solar Panel Coating and Farmland Fertility Optimization (FFO) based Power Extraction Methodology for Grid Systems

In the power electronic system, coated solar panels attracted a lot of interest in present times. The proposed work aims to achieve two key objectives: maximal power extraction and solar panel coating. To reduce the cost of coating material for solar panels, Silver Nano Particles (AgNPs) are first collected from the leaves of Rose periwinkle plants. This strategy aims to achieve maximal power extraction by coating solar panels with green synthesized silver nanoparticles. To reduce the cost of coating material, Rosy periwinkle plant leaves are used to synthesize silver nanoparticles or AgNPs. To ascertain the framework's capacity for measuring energy both before and after the panels are coated with AgNP, this study theoretically analyses the data. The power current and voltage-current characteristics of the study were validated, enabling an examination of the study's effectiveness. The coated type outperformed the normal solar panel by 2%, according to the results. With a new approach called Farmland Fertility Optimization – Maximum Power Position Tracking, the precise peak site for increased energy yield is discovered. The bi-directional converter is also utilized to mitigate stress and increase voltage gain. To improve the power quality with fewer harmonics, the 3-phase inverter and the LC filtering circuits are used. Finally, a variety of performance measures are used to confirm the results of coated solar panels using power-tracking control techniques. The findings suggest that AgNP-coated solar panels provide the best possible electrical energy with improved voltage, current, and power quality. Performance evaluation shows that the coated solar panel's power tracking efficiency has increased to 99% with decreased harmonics of 2.52%.

The South China Sea Dispute and Regional Response

Background: Beginning in December 2013, the South China Sea dispute has emerged as a complex and highly contested issue with significant implications for regional stability in East and Southeast Asia. The Chinese military began constructing artificial islands anchored by seven coral atolls in the Spratly Islands until it had created land that it then claimed in October 2015. The construction is over 3000 acres and houses military equipment (anti-aircraft and anti-missile systems) and personnel for the People's Republic of China. Objective: From a realist perspective, the dispute reflects a struggle for power and influence among claimant states, driven by their desire to secure regional strategic interests. Neighbouring countries, recognising the implications of China's rise as a significant power, have responded mainly by using soft realist methods to accommodate or counter China's growing influence in a collective setting. This paper explores the geopolitical implications of the dispute and how other powers have chosen to engage with China and other regional actors. Methods: This article is a case study. The article analyses the case of the South China Sea dispute since 2000 through a realist lens. It first explains the lens and its focal points. Then, it examines the different facets of the dispute through this lens: economic interests, national security concerns, domestic and regional politics, and historical issues. The focus is on analysing China and ASEAN member-states as the primary parties to the conflict. Results: This lens provides valuable insights into the power struggles, self-interest, and security concerns that underlie the conflict. This paper provides a comprehensive understanding of its multifaceted nature by critically examining the dispute's territorial claims, legal frameworks, and historical context. It also explores the geopolitical implications and the involvement of major regional powers. Liberal solutions have largely failed, while more minor actors have cooperated on limited terms when their interests intersect using soft realist diplomacy and collective action within international arenas. Conclusion: The dispute has unveiled the limits of international diplomatic efforts brokered by organisations such as ASEAN to address aggressive behaviour consistently. Small and medium states are largely constrained from directly confronting China, have accommodated China, used international forums to advance power positions and prestige, and cooperated on other issues to indirectly address the dispute.

From teacher to teacher researcher: Identity change in the power dynamics of an EAP reform community

Educational reforms often entail and afford teachers’ identity change. Adopting a community of practice (CoP) framework to examine reform-inflicted teacher identity change and drawing on data from eight rounds of semi-structured interviews over three and a half years, our longitudinal case study traced how three English for Academic Purposes (EAP) teachers negotiate their teacher researcher identity during an educational reform in China. We find that a multi-layered, multi-centered, and multi-functional reform CoP of complex power dynamics can facilitate EAP teachers’ negotiation of teacher-to-teacher researcher identity change during a curriculum reform, which can further enrich the long-term sustainable development of a community. Highlighting the significant role of CoPs in educational reforms and teacher development, we advocate a CoP of dynamic power relations and multiple power positions and call for frontline teachers’ engagement with teaching-based research to potentially strengthen the research-practice nexus. This study bears implications for educational reform participants and teacher educators.

Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Korban Tindak Pidana Perdagangan Orang (Human Trafficking) Dalam Persfektif Undang-Undang Nomor 21 Tahun 2007 Tentang Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Perdagangan Orang

Human trafficking, also known as human trafficking, is a new form of transnational crime that is increasingly rampant. The crime of trafficking in persons is a modern form of human slavery, the crime of trafficking in persons, has expanded in the form of a network of organized and unorganized crimes. The crime of trafficking in persons even involves not only individuals but also corporations and state administrators who abuse their authority and power, According to Law Number 21 of 2007 concerning the Eradication of Trafficking in Persons Article 1 paragraph (1), human trafficking is the act of recruiting, transporting, sheltering, sending, transferring or receiving a person with the threat of violence, use of violence, kidnapping, detention, forgery, fraud, abuse of power or vulnerable position, debt entanglement or payment or benefit, This type of research is normative legal research, namely research that has the object of study on legal rules or rules. Legal protection for victims of human trafficking is very important, so various efforts are made so that they get the right to become useful human beings before returning to society. As well as efforts to empower economically and educationally so that victims are not trapped again in human trafficking. Adequate legal protection for victims of crime is not only a national issue, but also an international one, because this needs to receive serious attention, including victims of human trafficking. Victims of crime, who are basically the parties who suffer the most in a criminal act, do not receive as much protection as the law gives to criminals. As a result, after the perpetrator of the crime has been sentenced to criminal sanctions by the court, the victim's condition is not cared for.

Shaping the future of work: how labour market intermediaries (LMIs) use institutional work to transition to triadic, project-based employment relationships

PurposeThis paper identifies how the operations of labour market intermediaries (LMIs) transform dyadic employment relationships into triadic ones. It reveals the change dynamics that LMIs engage in to bring about this transformation and that contribute to the projectification of work.Design/methodology/approachDrawing on an institutional-work lens and using interview data from both TempX, a German-based staffing service provider, and its client organizations, the analytical framework details the dynamics by which LMIs appropriate various HR tasks and different labour-market-organizing roles and thus create these triadic employment relationships.FindingsTempX assumes a powerful position between its client organizations and workers by increasingly taking over HR tasks from its client organizations, alternating between profiting from market transactions and engaging as a buyer and seller of labour. This powerful position, gradually created through four distinct, sequential, institutional work dynamics, allows it to transform dyadic employment relationships into triadic ones and to promote project-based work.Originality/valueBy showing how LMIs capitalize on the multiple services they offer, and how they use these services to establish a powerful position in both the labour market and in their relations with client organizations, this paper contributes to research on how LMIs change their institutional environment. Second, by showing that LMIs switch between different labour-market organizing roles and HR tasks, this paper reveals how essential this switching is for LMIs to establish triadic employment relationships and to drive the projectification of work, and thus it also contributes to research on LMIs’ role in the projectification of work.

Powerful and Vulnerable: Workplace Violence Against Swedish Social Workers, Teachers, and Journalists

This article compares Swedish social workers, teachers, and journalists’ experiences of workplace violence. It addresses similarities and differences between the three professional groups in terms of who exposed them to workplace violence, what it was about, and what triggered it. The article is based on an online survey study, and the findings suggest that consumer-related violence from target groups was the most common among all three professional groups. Looking at worker-on-worker relationship violence, the teachers were the most exposed, followed by social workers and journalists, and such violence suggests bullying in the workplace. Most respondents stated that the hate, threats, and harassment were about their professional competence. While all of these professional groups have a position of power in society, they also perceive that it is often in the situations in which they exercise their power (e.g., making a decision for social workers and teachers or when journalists publish) that they become targets for workplace violence.

An Exploration of the Cinematic Adaptation of Manto’s Short Stories in the Light of Foucault’s Discourse Theory

This paper explores the cinematic adaptation ‘Mantostaan’, which is a compilation of the four short stories by Saadat Hasan Manto: ‘The Last Salute’, ‘Open It’, ‘The Assignment’, and ‘Colder than Ice’ in the light of Foucault’s Discourse theory. These works are the English translations of Manto’s Urdu works and are taken resort to for deeply observing the visual content of the film adaptation. For Foucault (1977), it is through discourse (through knowledge) that we are created; and that discourse joins power and knowledge, and its power follows from our casual acceptance of the “reality with which we are presented”. The discourse theory is applied on the dialogues exchanged by the characters of the film in the background of the horror during the partition of India occurred in 1947. It also discovers how various kinds of situations, in the turmoil of communal riots, led the characters holding the power position and thus dominating the discourse. The characters of the film thus, driven by their knowledge, create or participate in the discourse. These discourses shape out the situations, consequences of which are faced by the people. Thus, the paper taking into account the partition fracas, focuses upon the situations created by the discourse throughout the time of communal animosity and upon its bewildering aftermaths affecting people’s lives.

SCIENTIFIC APPROACH TO REDUCING THE ENERGY OF THE PARKING RETARDER POSITION OF A SORTING DEVICE WITH TARGET GRAVITY BRAKING OF CUTS

The main disadvantage of a sorting device with target gravity braking of cuts is the necessity to use a powerful parking retarder position. In order to reduce the energy of this position, it is proposed to install an auxiliary brake position on the descending part of the device to transfer there part of the work on regulating the rolling speed of cuts of a certain mass. For the given operating conditions, the required energy of these positions and the optimal design parameters of the sorting device were determined, and recommendations were developed for braking the cuts at the auxiliary brake position based on the results of simulation modeling of the rolling of the design runners. The structural parameters were optimized using the developed mathematical model, where the height of the sorting device is the optimization criterion. The optimization calculations were performed both for favorable and unfavorable conditions of the runners rolling. The results of the simulation modeling of the rolling of the design runners proved that the maximum braking value at the auxiliary brake position (0.74 m e. h.) for the specified operating conditions is provided when braking the cuts weighing more than 34.8 tons. To simplify the process of braking such cuts at the auxiliary braking position, it is proposed to use low-energy retarders whose rated energy is less than the maximum possible braking value at this position. The reason of it is that when more powerful retarders are used at the auxiliary braking position, not only the degree of braking of each cut should be determined, but also the duration of their braking, which to some extent complicates the process of speed control and may require automation of operation of this position. If low-energy retarders UVSK-11 with the rated energy of 0.6 m e. h. are used at the auxiliary brake position, the required energy of the park brake position is reduced by 0.57 m e. h. At the same time, all cuts weighing more than 30.8 tons should be braked at the auxiliary brake position. Based on the studies, it was concluded that the installation of an auxiliary brake position on the descending part of the sorting device with target gravity braking of cuts would reduce capital investments in construction and mechanization, as well as the costs associated with the operation of this device.

Special considerations for the use of AI tools by PEERs as a learning and communication aid.

There is no doubt that navigating academia is a formidable challenge, particularly for those from underrepresented backgrounds who face additional barriers at every turn. In such an environment, efforts to create learning and training environments that are diverse, equitable, and inclusive can feel like an uphill battle. We believe that harnessing the power of artificial intelligence (AI) tools can help in leveling the playing field. While AI cannot supplant the need for supportive mentorship, it can serve as a vital supplement, offering guidance and assistance to those who may lack access to adequate avenues of support. Embracing AI in this context should not be stigmatized, as it may represent a vital lifeline for underrepresented individuals who often face systemic biases while forging their own paths in pursuit of success and belonging in academia. AI tools should not be gatekept from these individuals, particularly by those in positions of power and privilege within the scientific community. Instead, we argue, institutions should make a strong commitment to educating their community members on how to ethically harness these tools.

Negotiating the Progressive Paradox: Middle‐Class Parents in Majority–Minority Primary Schools in Amsterdam

Across Western Europe, progressive issues take centre stage within integration debates and discourse. This article addresses the paradox middle‐class progressives get caught up in when arguing for openness towards diversity, while also expecting adaptation to the progressive “modern” norm on sexuality, especially from Muslim Others. Going beyond existing literature, this article demonstrates the understudied manifestations of this paradox in everyday life, within a diverse majority–minority primary school context in Amsterdam. Taking sex education as a case, the authors reveal three different approaches—confrontational, continued discussion, and compromise—with which middle‐class parents without a migration background negotiate difference, each emphasizing different aspects of the paradox. The results show how, despite being a local numerical minority, progressive parents still enact their power position at large arguing for (gradual) adaptation to “modernity.” However, some parents provide solutions to difference that move away from consensus and envision a future that allows for multiple norms to exist.

Za Nur Jahan Begum ain Sara Abad: Viewing Inscription and Reading Architecture in the Caravanserai of a Mughal Empress

There has been no dearth of Mughal women in positions of immense power, but their histories have been limited by a shortage of credible, primary sources, and their gendered and colonial readings. This paper addresses the gap thus created, by examining the inscriptions of Serai Nur, a caravanserai constructed under the matronage of Empress Nur Jahan in Punjab. This case study leads an inquiry into the expressive possibilities of architectural matronage, and the potential for structures thus erected to be considered as alternative primary sources where women have been agents of their own representations. In contrast to positivist approaches traditionally employed to read foundational inscriptions, this paper contextualises epigraphy within its wider visual environment instead to recognise performative and phenomenological intents, and traces an interpretive path backwards from individual design decisions manifest in the built fabric to their maker’s creative ambition in order to better understand her mind and motivations.

The Political Unconscious in Ian McEwan’s Amsterdam: The Post-Cold War Paradigm Shift and Morality in the Era of the Late Capitalist Market

Amsterdam opens a new phase in Ian McEwan’s writing career both for its differences from his earlier novels and short stories and for its Booker Prize success. Although the novel’s early critics designate the novel as a lightweight diversion from McEwan’s more serious subject matter, he earnestly dismisses these views and argues that while Amsterdam indeed differs from his novels written up to that point, this does not minimise the novel’s significance. This article takes up McEwan’s side in this debate in that Amsterdam is indeed a significant novel which reflects and reproduces perfectly well a post-Cold War paradigm shift in the world from a bipolar to a unipolar socio-political global order with which the previous power positions are forced, in the 1990s, to transform. McEwan’s novel reflects this socio-political transformation, and it symbolically addresses the crises of power, authority, and direction by way of creating a tension, in its narrative, between moral obligation and self-interest, where moral duty aligns with left-wing politics and self-interest with right-wing politics. This article further argues that the novel does not only reflect and reproduce that historical-political context but also, when it is interpreted using Fredric Jameson’s interpretative model for exploring texts’ political unconscious, serves as a symbolic resolution of its given historical-political moment.

Dasar Al-Qur’an Dan Hadits Tentang Kepemimpinan

Leadership in Islam is not just a position of power, but rather a moral responsibility that binds leaders to the principles of ethics and justice contained in the Koran and Hadith. This article explains the concepts and characteristics of leadership from an Islamic perspective, as well as their relevance in the contemporary context. Using a literature review approach, this article explores the basis of the Qur'an and Hadith regarding leadership, identifying the characteristics of effective leaders, such as honesty, trustworthiness, communication skills, and intelligence. Through a deep understanding of Islamic teachings on leadership, it is hoped that leaders can build a just, just and prosperous society, as well as strengthen inter-religious and inter-cultural dialogue in a multicultural society. With awareness of moral and social responsibility in leadership, it is hoped that a harmonious, prosperous and just community will be created.