Position Of Elements Research Articles

RESEARCH ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN NATIONAL WAR, ESTABLISHMENT AND DEVELOPMENT FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF WORK PRESSURE -- TAKING HANGZHOU CENTRAL AIRCRAFT FACTORY AS AN EXAMPLE

Abstract Background In February 1934, Nanjing municipal government signed a contract with the representatives of Shanghai aircraft manufacturing company composed of American CODIS and Douglas airlines to introduce American technology and establish Hangzhou central aircraft manufacturing plant north of Hangzhou Jianqiao aviation school airport. China Hangzhou factory is a joint stock limited company established by China and the United States, but the management organization is established and controlled by the United States. Most managers and technicians are Americans. Its working pressure can be imagined. Subjects and Methods Using the method of historical review, this study analyzed the working background and conditions of Chinese manufacturing personnel at that time, analyzed their anxiety and depression at that time, and on this basis, they operated in the mode of American military industry, trained Chinese workers and apprentices, and assembled, maintained and manufactured aircraft. In about eight years, the company has repaired, assembled and manufactured nearly 600 aircraft, the largest number compared with other aircraft manufacturers. In the context of the Anti Japanese War, it experienced two migrations, the first to Wuhan, Hubei, the second to Leiyun, Yunnan, and finally disintegrated in the war. Its fate is closely related to the Anti Japanese War, which also determines that its production purpose is to serve China's Anti Japanese war. In order to win the war, they endured great work pressure and unprecedented depression. Many people suffered from mental disorders. According to incomplete statistics, at that time, nearly 2000 people suffered from mental diseases to varying degrees. Results In the tide of national unity and resistance against Japan, under the guidance of the Aviation Commission, China Hangzhou factory contacted the local government, relied on the strength of the factory, explored the development path, and produced high-quality aircraft, which once created enterprise prosperity. The Chinese air force sent the aircraft made by AVIC into the blue sky, fought with the Japanese army, turned Changhong into Bi, and won world praise for the combat aircraft carrier made by the air force and AVIC. At that time, the foundation of the aviation industry was weak, there was a shortage of funds and technical talents. Conclusion The Chinese government adopts the form of joint venture to introduce production technology, and uses talents from China and the United States to repair and manufacture aircraft. This is an effective way to rapidly promote the development of China's military aviation industry and provides the material basis and technical talents for the Chinese Air Force's Anti Japanese war. However, the power of China's Hangzhou factory was shelved. On the one hand, this is due to China's lack of technology, equipment and talents. On the other hand, it is caused by “power politics” and “weak country diplomacy”. However, these can not erase the achievements of China's aviation industry and its contribution to the war of resistance against Japan. At the same time, it reminds us that we should pay more attention to the mental health of aerospace personnel, especially actively cultivate, encourage and promote Aerospace spirit, especially pay attention to the role of emotional labor spirit; At the same time, we should pay more attention to the cultivation of innovation and entrepreneurship. It is necessary to actively cultivate and encourage entrepreneurship in infrastructure construction, rule of law construction, platform construction and service provision. Aerospace enterprises should make full use of government policies, rely on government services, cultivate and carry forward the spirit of innovation based on the market environment, improve the vitality and quality of innovation, and improve the construction productivity. We should be fully aware of the important position of the emotional elements of aerospace workers in their work, actively promote their role psychological competence, pay special attention to their own life attitude and healthy behavior, and be a healthy self-manager, coordinator and collaborator. The social stratum should actively organize rich activities flexibly according to the psychological characteristics of this part of the group, strive to build a relaxed and harmonious living atmosphere, create friendly and mutual aid emotional family relations, encourage and guide this part of the group, adjust their psychology to the best state, and promote the healthy development of their good cognition and life.

Prediction of Certain examinations on AI procedures for Text rundown

Making text synopses from huge volume of unstructured text like client surveys, web log posts and online entertainment posts is a significant assignment in text mining applications. These synopses uncover the valuable data which depicts the whole report or surveys. Rundown errand could be performed utilizing two significant methodologies: Extractive and abstractive methodology. Extractive methodology distinguishes the huge piece of the report that uncovered the whole happy and removes it to shape synopsis. Abstractive approach makes synopsis in light of catchphrases and semantics from the archive, which makes it troublesome when contrasted with the other methodology. The extractive synopsis task is perplexing because of overt repetitiveness, enormous volume of text, changeability and semantics of regular language in the text. The wide pertinence as well as trying nature of the errand has enlivened dynamic research in the space by both scholar and industry specialists. This exploration centers around the plan of AI based frameworks for two center regions connected with text mining, specifically, Component based text synopsis and text comparability location. Existing element positioning and outline frameworks utilize an assortment of strategies including inactive semantic ordering; Innocent Bayes' and other semantics based approaches. Because of the intricacy of the undertaking there is a requirement for creating proficient frameworks. In this proposal, an element positioning framework in light of client inclinations have been created. Three different AI approaches have been embraced for highlight based miniature level extractive text synopsis development.

Synthesis of uniform amplitude sparse linear dipole arrays with multiple shaped‐beam patterns by sharing element rotations and positions

In this article, a novel method of synthesizing sparse linear dipole arrays with multiple shaped-beam patterns is proposed by finding a set of common element rotations and positions along with individual excitation phases. Compared with most shaped multiple-pattern synthesis methods using nonuniform amplitude excitations, the proposed method adopts the uniform amplitude excitation and exploits the element rotation as a supplementary degree of array freedom. Such a method enables each amplifier to work at its optimal level and avoids the usage of unequal power dividers for the array feeding network, thus reducing the cost, space, and weight of the radiation system. The shaped multiple-pattern synthesis problem with multiple constraints including the peak sidelobe level, cross-polarization level, minimum element spacing, and array length is formulated and optimized by particle swarm optimization. Two examples for synthesizing sparse linear dipole arrays with multiple shaped-beam patterns are conducted to validate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method. Synthesis results show that the proposed method can save antenna elements and avoid the usage of unequal power dividers for test cases. Moreover, the full-wave simulations are also conducted in these two examples.

Low-Scattering-Cross Section Thinned Phased Array Antenna Based on Active Cancellation Technique

In this article, a novel approach to simultaneously reduce the scattering cross section (SCS) and lower sidelobe level (SLL) as well as the cost of a phased array is proposed, which is a combination of active cancellation and array thinning techniques. Two 10 <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times\,\,10$ </tex-math></inline-formula> planar microstrip phased arrays are designed to validate the proposed concept, including a full array and a thinned array with 20 passive elements. In the thinned array, the passive elements are made use of and terminated at an optimized position with short-circuited loads to generate scattering fields with the required magnitude and phase for cancellation of the scattering fields from the active elements. Furthermore, the positions of the passive elements are optimized by a multiple dimensional discrete particle swarm optimization (MDDPSO) algorithm to achieve a low SLL. It is theoretically predicted that the thinned array features a low SLL below −18 dB in a scan range of ±45°, and SCS reductions of 21 and 9.1 dB in 7.3–10.1 GHz compared to an equal-sized metallic plate and a full array, respectively, which are further verified in simulations and measurements. It is also remarkable that the array cost is reduced due to array thinning, at the cost of an approximately 1 dB gain drop.

Wrinkling Patterns and Stress Analysis of Tensile Membrane with Rigid Elements

Heterogeneous membrane structures with rigid elements are often used in flexible electronic and aerospace structures. In heterogeneous membrane structures under tension, the disturbance stress caused by the rigid element changes the stress distribution of the membrane, and it is difficult to calculate the stress distribution of the heterogeneous membrane structure using the traditional stress functions method. In this article, we propose a method for calculating the non-uniform stress field based on the Eshelby elastic inclusion theory, which states that tension membrane structures contain square rigid elements. The wrinkle distribution of the rigid element at different positions is predicted by a stress analysis, and the influence of the position and size of the rigid element on the wrinkle distribution of the membrane is studied by a finite-element simulation. The research results show that the wrinkle pattern of the stretched membrane can be controlled by changing the position of the rigid element to meet some special needs.

Surgical Treatment of Patients with Dislocation of IOL — Fibrosed Capsule Bag Complexes

Violation of the correct location of the complex IOL capsule bag (CICB) in the delayed postoperative period occurs with a frequency of 0.2 to 2.8 %. The basis of the pathogenesis of this complication is the destruction of the zonal ligament due to progressive pseudoexfoliative syndrome, as well as the process of fibrosing the capsule bag. The stage of the flow and the different degree of severity of each mechanisms determines the variety of clinical manifestations. CICB dislocation in combination of these two mechanisms requires a special approach to treatment.Objective: to develop a system of surgical treatment of IOL dislocations in contract capsule syndrome, with varying degrees of severity, combined with the weakness of the ligament apparatus of the lens, and to present the results of its use.Patients and methods. Retrospective analysis of 55 cases of CICB dislocations with the observation period of more than 4 years operated in 2014-2016. Number of dislocations with certain IOL type: Hydrophilic monolithic — 27, Hydrophilic monolithic — 11, Hydrophilic three-part — 10, Hard — 7. The selection criterion was the presence of CICB dislocation in the combination of weakness of the ligament apparatus (II–III st. of severity) and contraction capsule syndrome, with varying degrees of severity. A system is proposed to allow a low-invasive repositioning of intraocular lenses dislocated with a fibrous capsule bag with subsequent suture fixation to the iris. Signs used for choice of surgical technique: localization of capsule bag fibrosis, contract effect of capsule bag fibrosis on IOL position and correct location of haptic elements, size, and severity of equatorial lens masses (Semmering ring). In cases when insufficiency of the ligament apparatus prevails, with insignificant fibrosis of the capsule bag, without contractional influence, fixation of KIKM to iris is carried out without cutting of the capsule bag (method 1). As the fibrous changes of the front or back leaf of the capsule progress without changing the position of IOL inside the capsule bag due to contraction, along with fixation of KIKM, the fibrous front/back capsule is excised (method 2). The variant of complete removal of the fibrous capsule bag is used in faraway stages of CCS with further fixation of IOL to the iris (method 3).Results. The data of BCVA and IOP of patients treated by a certain method (before the operation, early postoperative period (2–5 days), delayed period (more than 4 years)) are presented.Conclusion. Surgical treatment of patients with CICB dislocation combining manifestations of Capsule contraction syndrome and weakness of the lens ligament apparatus can now be standardized using a proper approach and certain methods of treatment, but requires a comprehensive assessment of such parameters as the safety of the ligament apparatus, the localization and degree of fibrous changes of the anterior / posterior capsule, the contractional effect of the capsule bag fibrosis on the front position of the IOL optics and the correct location of the haptic elements, the severity of the ring.

DETERMINATION OF TENSIONS OF SUSPENDED ROPES OF THE BRIDGE BY FREQUENCY OF NATURAL OSCILLATIONS

The article deals with the issues of development and use of equipment for digital measurements of rope tension based on the frequency of free transverse oscillations. accurate measurement of rope tension is of practical importance. The relevance of this task for the national economy of Ukraine lies in the need to develop a simple and reliable method and equipment for quick and convenient measurement by construction engineers and operating engineers of rope tension in the construction industry. The practical significance of the work lies in the need to timely bring the span structure of the Arch Bridge of the Podilsky bridge crossing over the Dnipro River in Kyiv to the design position after the installation of metal structures with the transfer of the weight of the bridge truss to four main supports and 64 suspension cables with full unloading of four mounting supports for further arrangement of the bridge deck and completion of construction works. The object of the research is the process of measuring the tension of suspension ropes from the own weight of the metal part of the bridge during bringing the truss of the Arch Bridge to the design position of the metal structural elements of the bridge. The subject of the study is the determination of the impact of the combined movement of the upper attachment points (threaded cylindrical couplings) of 64 suspended ropes on the redistribution of the frequencies of natural oscillations and tensions in their contours.

Coarse-to-Fine Generative Modeling for Graphic Layouts

Even though graphic layout generation has attracted growing attention recently, it is still challenging to synthesis realistic and diverse layouts, due to the complicated element relationships and varied element arrangements. In this work, we seek to improve the performance of layout generation by incorporating the concept of regions, which consist of a smaller number of elements and appears like a simple layout, into the generation process. Specifically, we leverage Variational Autoencoder (VAE) as the overall architecture and decompose the decoding process into two stages. The first stage predicts representations for regions, and the second stage fills in the detailed position for each element within the region based on the predicted region representation. Compared to prior studies that merely abstract the layout into a list of elements and generate all the element positions in one go, our approach has at least two advantages. First, by the two-stage decoding, our approach decouples the complex layout generation task into several simple layout generation tasks, which reduces the problem difficulty. Second, the predicted regions can help the model roughly know what the graphic layout looks like and serve as global context to improve the generation of detailed element positions. Qualitative and quantitative experiments demonstrate that our approach significantly outperforms the existing methods, especially on the complex graphic layouts.

Comparative analysis of the effectiveness of the combined method of inserting pedicle screws with the free-hand technique in patients with idiopathic scoliosis

Objective. To analyze intraoperative data and results of treatment of patients with idiopathic scoliosis with two options of the open insertion of pedicle screws using the free-hand technique.Material and Methods. The data of 457 patients aged 16–35 years who underwent surgical treatment for idiopathic scoliosis by one surgeon were analyzed. In 236 patients (Group I), the screws were placed manually, and in 221 (Group II) – using power tool. The preparation of the canal for pedicle screws in both groups was performed using the free-hand technique. The correct position of the screws wasassessed intraoperatively using an image intensifier and neurophysiological monitoring. The duration of surgery and X-ray monitoring, blood loss, and the presence of intra- and postoperative complications were assessed.Results. In Group I, 4243 screws were inserted, and in Group II – 3978. The correct position of pedicle screws was recorded in 89.1 % of cases in Group I, and in 89.6 % of cases in Goup II. In Group I, the incorrect position of anchor elements was detected in 10.9 % of cases, and in Group II – in 10.4 % of cases. The number of screws re-positioned intraoperatively corresponded to the number of incorrectly positioned screws. There was a statistically significant difference in the volume of intraoperative blood loss and duration of surgery betweenpatients of both groups (p &lt; 0.05).Conclusion. The development and active introduction of high-tech methods of surgical treatment of spinal deformities increase the number of interventions performed annually. The proposed combined method of surgical treatment seems to be optimal because manual formation of the canal reduces the risk of intraoperative complications, and the use of power tool during screw placement shortens duration of surgery and reduces blood loss.

Error analysis and measurement methods of curved optical element surface defects dark-field imaging inspection system based on multi-axis kinematics

In surface defect dark-field inspection of the curved optical element, the camera field of view (FOV) is much smaller than the aperture of the element, so the images of different positions on the element surface, which are also called sub-aperture images, need to be collected and stitched to obtain the whole surface image of the element. It is usually achieved by controlling multi-axis motion guide rails to make relative motion between camera and optical element. During sub-aperture images collection, there is not only relative translation between camera and optical element, but also optical element spin and swing with its optical axis for curved optical element. The motion errors of each motion axis will make sub-aperture scanning path deviate its predetermined path. Hence, it will lead to the dislocation of the stitching image, and will cause defects break and dislocation in stitching image, which will largely affect the optical element surface quality quantitative evaluation. Since multi-axis kinematics (MAK) is a mathematical model which is often used to describe the motion of objects located in multi-axis system, such as numerical control machine and mechanical arm. The multi-axis kinematics error analysis (MAKEA) model is put forward in this paper and applied in the optical element surface defects dark-field imaging inspection system. The effect of all axis motion errors including optical axis motion errors to sub-aperture scanning path has been specifically simulated and analyzed. The simulation result indicates that the optical axis swing error caused by assembly is the main error of dark-field imaging system, whereupon a swing angle assembly error measurement (SAAEM) method by measuring the optical axis positions of different thickness spherical optical elements is proposed. By adjusting the motor of the element optical axis swing, the optical axis swing error can be compensated. The sub-aperture images stitching experiment is carried out to verify the validity of optical axis swing error compensation. Results show the situation of sub-aperture images stitching dislocation is improved. The root-mean-square-error (RMSE) of sub-aperture images scanning path after error compensation is nearly 1/20 of the RMSE before compensation.

Flexible, Bandwidth-Enhanced, Electrically Small, Electric Near-Field Resonant Parasitic Antenna With Filtering Performance Characteristics

In this communication, a flexible, bandwidth-enhanced, electrically small, electric near-field resonant parasitic (NFRP) filtering antenna is presented. The inherent radiation null of the dipole-driven NFRP antenna is first presented. In addition, by properly adjusting the relative position of the NFRP element and the driven dipole, this radiation null can be placed at either the lower or upper operational band edge. Then, by implementing multiple NFRP elements and properly allocating their relative positions, excellent bandpass-filtering response together with the enhanced bandwidth of the electrically small NFRP filtenna is accomplished. A prototype of the optimized design operating centered at 1.9 GHz was fabricated and measured. The simulation and experimental results are in good agreement, indicating that the antenna exhibits a wide ~11.3% impedance bandwidth with good out-of-band rejection, while maintaining its electrically small size: <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ka</i> ~ 0.924. The flexibility of this antenna is experimentally analyzed under different bending conditions and the results confirm that its performance characteristics are substantially maintained.

Synthesis of Mask-Constrained Pattern-Reconfigurable Nonuniformly Spaced Linear Arrays Using Artificial Neural Networks

In this article, a novel multibranch encoder-decoder-based artificial neural network (ANN) framework is proposed for pattern-reconfigurable nonuniformly spaced linear array synthesis. In the proposed framework, different encoder–decoder branches are devoted to synthesizing different radiation patterns to satisfy the desired radiation patterns. In each encoder–decoder branch, the encoder, and the decoder serve as the array synthesizer and analyzer, respectively. By minimizing a suitably-defined loss function with respect to multiple radiation patterns, element amplitudes, and positions, not only multiple mask-constrained radiation patterns can be successfully achieved, but also the common element amplitudes and positions with minimum inter-element spacing control can be obtained. Thus, different radiation patterns can be switched by phase-only control. In addition, by using different training samples, the proposed method can consider the ideal synthesis of the array factor, as well as the actual synthesis of antenna arrays to consider the mutual coupling effects in the synthesis process. Simulation results are provided to validate the capability, efficiency, and attractiveness of the proposed method.

Comparative and comprehensive study of linear antenna arrays’ synthesis

&lt;span&gt;In this paper, a comparative and comprehensive study of synthesizing linear antenna array (LAA) designs, is presented. Different desired objectives are considered in this paper; reducing the maximum sidelobe radiation pattern (i.e., pencil-beam pattern), controlling the first null beamwidth (FNBW), and imposing nulls at specific angles in some designs, which are accomplished by optimizing different array parameters (feed current amplitudes, feed current phase, and array elements positions). Three different optimization algorithms are proposed in order to achieve the wanted goals; grasshopper optimization algorithms (GOA), antlion optimization (ALO), and a new hybrid optimization algorithm based on GOA and ALO. The obtained results show the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed algorithms to achieve the wanted targets. In most experiments, the proposed algorithms outperform other well-known optimization methods, such as; Biogeography based optimization (BBO), particle swarm optimization (PSO), firefly algorithm (FA), cuckoo search (CS) algorithm, genetic algorithm (GA), Taguchi method, self-adaptive differential evolution (SADE), modified spider monkey optimization (MSMO), symbiotic organisms search (SOS), enhanced firefly algorithm (EFA), bat flower pollination (BFP) and tabu search (TS) algorithm.&lt;/span&gt;

Extended Nested Array Configuration with Increased Degrees of Freedom for DOA Estimation

Abstract: In this paper, a new linear array configuration inspired by the two-level Nested Array concept has been proposed. The proposed geometry comprises of two Uniform Linear Arrays (ULAs) with different spacings and an additional element, this geometry results in a hole-free Difference Co-Array (DCA). In comparison to most of the existing sparse array configurations, the proposed geometry has simple closed-form expressions for the element positions and Degrees of Freedom (DoFs), also providing consecutive DoFs hence, avoiding the need for spatial interpolation. Spatially Smoothed MUltiple SIgnal Classification (SS-MUSIC) algorithm has been deployed for Direction of Arrival (DOA) estimation. Numerical simulations using MATLAB are performed to exhibit the superior performance of the proposed geometry. Keywords: DOA estimation, Co-array Processing, Spatial Smoothing, Degrees of Freedom, Non-Uniform Linear Arrays

Structural insights into highly similar spatial organization of zinc-finger associated domains with a very low sequence similarity

ZAD is a C4 zinc-coordinating domain often found at the N-terminus mostly of arthropodan transcription factors with multiple C2H2 zinc-finger domains involved in the regulation of chromosome architecture and promotor activity. ZADs predominantly form homodimers and have low primary sequence similarity. We obtained three crystal structures of the most phylogenetically distant Drosophila ZADs and structure of the only known ZAD-like domain from a mammalian protein (ZNF276). All ZAD structures demonstrate unity of the spatial fold as well as some unique structural features. The specific homodimerization of ZAD is primarily determined by the position and size of secondary structural elements and is further strengthened by a number of unique interactions between subunits. Structural comparison allowed for unraveling key sequence features underlying the similarity of the spatial fold. These features result in a broad variety of ZADs in Arthropod C2H2 proteins, allowing for the emergence of a wide range of highly specific homodimers.

Geological structure and oil and gas potential of Domanik deposits in the central part of the Volga-Ural oil and gas basin

The paper describes the structure and depositional conditions of a domanicoid high-carbon formation (HCF) in the central part of the Volga-Ural oil and gas basin. The structure of the HCF depends on the structural relatedness and paleogeographic conditions of the Late Devonian period, where the time of maximum sea level standing within the basin led to deposition of high organic carbon content intervals. The structural-facies zonation of the HCF distribution area is associated with the zone of relatively deep-water depressions, the zone of slopes, highs and the shallow water shelf with numerous bioherm buildups. The boundaries of the zones were determined by the position of large structural elements of the Tatar and Bashkir arches and depressions of the Kama-Kinel system of troughs. These zones differ not only in the distribution of the thickness of HCF deposits, but also in the nature of the distribution of intervals of the section enriched in organic matter. The maximum number of interlayers enriched by organic matter of the siliceous-carbonate rocks is observed in the section of the Frasnian and Famennian deposits within the central part of the Kama-Kinel system of troughs. Numerous of oil shows from the HCF intervals indicate the potential for further study and spotting of promising areas for hard-to-recover hydrocarbon reserves exploration.

Evaluation of a Dedicated Radiofrequency Carotid PET/MRI Coil.

Carotid radiofrequency coils inside a PET/MRI system can result in PET quantification errors. We compared the performance of a dedicated PET/MRI carotid coil against a coil for MRI-only use. An 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) phantom was scanned without and with an MRI-only coil and with the PET/MRI coil. The decay-corrected normalized activity was compared for the different coil configurations. Eighteen patients were scanned with the three coil configurations. The maximal standardized uptake values (SUVmax) and signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) were calculated. Repeated measures ANOVA was performed to assess the differences in SUVmax and SNR between the coil configurations. In the phantom study, the PET/MRI coil demonstrated a slight decrease (<5%), while the MRI-only coil showed a substantial decrease (up to 10%) in normalized activity at the position of coil elements compared to no dedicated coil configuration. In the patient study, the SUVmax values for both no surface coil (3.59 ± 0.15) and PET/MRI coil (3.54 ± 0.15) were significantly higher (p = 0.03 and p = 0.04, respectively) as compared to the MRI-only coil (3.28 ± 0.16). No significant difference was observed between PET/MRI and no surface coil (p = 1.0). The SNR values for both PET/MRI (7.31 ± 0.44) and MRI-only (7.62 ± 0.42) configurations demonstrated significantly higher (p < 0.001) SNR values as compared to the no surface coil (3.78 ± 0.22), while no significant difference was observed in SNR between the PET/MRI and MRI-only coil (p = 1.0). This study demonstrated that the PET/MRI coil can be used for PET imaging without requiring attenuation correction while acquiring high-resolution MR images.

DETERMINATION OF SECOND, THIRD AND FOURTH COMPONENT ERRORS IN STRUCTURE OF INTER-TRANSITION DIMENSION TOLERANCE FIELD FOR CONVERSION OF GEOMETRICAL ELEMENTS IN STRUCTURE OF INITIAL BLANKS

The structure of the tolerance field of the intertransition size of the form elements to be transformed in the structure of the initial blanks, as well as the intertransition and general allowance the main elements of the regulatory reference information base for solving the tasks of technological preparation of mechanical processing production throughout its cycle. The first component of errors in the structure of the tolerance field of the intertransition time-measure is determined in the information and logical connection of two technological schemes: for basing the initial blanks and blanks into working machines and for basing the mold elements into working machines and their geometric shaping on working machines. The source of the first component of the error is the structure of the technological schemes for basing the initial blanks and blanks into working machines. At the same time, there are conditions for redistribution of structure elements in coordinate systems of slave basing objects by the position of elements in the structure of coordinate systems of leading basing objects. As a result of such redistributions, the coordinate system of the slave home objects: depends on the composition of the “reference” points of the functional elements of the form participating in the conjugation of objects and on the composition of elementary and composite base functions executed by the elements of the form. The first component of the error in the structure of the tolerance field of the intertransition time-measure can be determined only as a result of experimental measurements of dimensional and geometric errors of the shape elements to be transformed directly under the conditions of real working machines for processing. Based on the above, there is a need to take a closer look at other components of the errors in the structure of the tolerance field of the interpersonal dimension. The approaches of different authors to determining the structure of the tolerance field for intertransition dimensions differ in existing knowledge. Unity is that their basis is to operate on the main elements (means) of integration of the structure and control element base provided with design quality parameters in determining parts and assembly units of design products. Other errors to be considered in the structure of the tolerance field of intertransition dimensions in their information and logical connection integral in sin. Their definition has a significant impact on determining the content and sequence of transformations of form elements in their information-on-one and logical connection along the route of technological operations. At the same time, it is necessary to use the technological element base, organic for preparing production, as part of the updated concepts, methods, tools, algorithms, operations associated with the system.

Accurate prediction of transmission through a lensed row-column addressed array.

Using a diverging lens on a row-column array (RCA) can increase the size of its volumetric image and thus significantly improve its clinical value. Here, a ray tracing method is presented to predict the position of the transmitted wave so that it can be used to make beamformed images. The usable transmitted field-of-view (FOV) is evaluated for a lensed 128 + 128 element RCA by comparing the theoretic prediction of the emitted wavefront position with three-dimensional (3D) finite element simulation of the emitted field. The FOV of the array is found to be 122° ± 2° in the direction orthogonal to the emitting elements and 28.5°-51.2°, depending on depth and element position, for the direction lying along the element. Moreover, the proposed ray tracing method is compared with a simpler thin lens model, and it is shown that the improved accuracy of the proposed method can increase the usable transmitted FOV up to 25.1°.

Green infrastructure and planning procedures – experience of creating an unofficial network of green spaces as an NGO

Abstract Article focuses on recognizing valuable green spaces and strategic positioning of new green infrastructure elements in space from the perspecitve of a non-governmental organization. It questions the limitations, roles, and possibilities of non-governmental organizations (NGO‘s) in the establishment of publicly accessible and environmentally significant areas in the urban matrix. The article considers personal experiences in the implementation of such projects, their influence on the daily livelihood of citizens and how an NGO can contribute bypassing current absence of legal basis for its implementation. The methods presented in the paper are described as informative guidelines and are not scientifically backed, although they do rely on scientific knowledge of the members of NGO and previously tried methods of earlier finds. This work represents a factual outcome of actions delivered by the NGO ZIPS (Zelene i plave Sesvete) and do not have to be replicative on other showcase examples, considering their legal, cultural, and other backgrounds.