Line Positions Research Articles

Asymptotic analysis of contact line dynamics of spreading/retracting drops on spherical surfaces

We investigate the spreading and retraction of a small sessile drop on a sphere governed by capillary and viscous forces. The lubrication equation established in spherical coordinates is solved analytically and numerically. The Navier slip model is adopted to overcome the singularity at the contact line. An asymptotic matching method is employed to study the contact line movement. The results show that the spreading process is always faster than the retraction process for a given drop volume. The position and speed of the contact line can be well-predicted using the asymptotic theory during the whole process of spreading and the late stage of retraction, while the theory becomes invalid at the early time of retraction because the macroscopic interface is significantly perturbed by the moving contact line.

The Non-Linear Excitation Load-Sharing Method of a High-Powered Nuclear Planetary Gear Train

The paper primarily employs the 3D calculation method of the helical gear-meshing line and meshing position, in addition to the traditional method of the gear-meshing stiffness calculation. This analysis and correction of load-sharing are beneficial for improving the assembly process of high-powered critical equipment. The dynamic models of rigid–flexible coupling, velocity–torque, and the meshing force of planetary gear trains in nuclear power plants are established based on the principles of gear dynamic characteristics. Based on an analysis of the vibration characteristics of a planetary gear train, a load-sharing method for the planetary gear train is proposed. This uniform load-sharing method is explored under different modification values to provide a reference for load-sharing research on high-powered key equipment. In this paper, a dynamic simulation analysis of the gearbox system is conducted, using virtual prototype software to study the load-sharing performance of the planetary gear system. Furthermore, via a vibration frequency analysis of the gear mesh force, the causes of planetary gear train vibration are discussed, particularly their impact on planetary load. This provides a basis for the assembly process of a nuclear power circulation pump gearbox, ensuring that the gearbox for the circulation pump has a longer life that meets the 40-year service life requirement, and provides a foundation for the study of planetary load characteristics.

Vibrationally Resolved Absorption and Fluorescence Cross Sections of Adamantane in the Far-ultraviolet Spectral Range on an Absolute Scale

High-resolution absorption, dispersed fluorescence emission, and photoionization cross sections are presented for gas-phase adamantane excited by synchrotron radiation in the exciting-photon energy range of 6–30 eV. Relative and absolute absorption cross sections of so-far unmatched resolution of down to 0.27 cm−1 line width in the region from 6.4–28 eV are shown along with newly discovered vibronic substructures around the HOMO–LUMO transition. Absorption line positions are provided with very high accuracy and listed in tabular form to be used as spectral fingerprints for the detection of adamantane in interstellar media, where its column density may be determined via the absolute cross sections. The fluorescence emission lies in the ultraviolet range from 190–250 nm and is excited starting at the HOMO–LUMO transition at 6.49 eV, which corresponds to the highest fluorescence emission energy. Hitherto unreported fluorescence in the same spectral range and relative photoionization cross sections in the exciting-photon energy range up to 30 eV are also presented along with lifetime measurements for differentiation of the involved electronic states.

Grounding line positions of Amery Ice Shelf based on long interferometric Sentinel-1 time series

Grounding line positions of Amery Ice Shelf based on long interferometric Sentinel-1 time series

UBO INFORMATION TRANSPARENCY IN THE CORPORATE REGISTERS AND ITS EFFECT ON PRIVACY PROTECTION FROM AML-CFT PERSPECTIVE

This paper examines the essence of standards set by the European Union legislation, regulating two areas of law which are mutually opposite but vastly interconnected in practice, particularly from the perspective of AML/CFT (Anti-Money Laundering/Combating the Financing of Terrorism). Identifying the exact position of the thin line that distingushes between the right to free access to information and the right to protect the privacy of personal data is of great importance and has a legitimate purpose because the complexity of schemes aimed at attaining the set goals can easily be misused to conceal the violation of a basic human right in practice. This paper analyses the legitimicy of complete transparency of personal data of the actual (direct or indirect) owner as the basic tool for preventing the abuse of the financial system for money laundering and terrorism financing purposes. This paper attempts to explain and correlate the two aforementioned rights by analysing them from the perspective of the Ultimate Beneficial Owner (UBO).

Using elliptical galaxy kinematics to compare the strength of gravity in cosmological regions of differing gravitational potential – a first look

ABSTRACT Various models of modified gravity invoke ‘screening’ mechanisms that are sensitive to the value of the local gravitational potential. This could have observable consequences for galaxies. These consequences might be seen by comparing two proxies for galaxy mass – their luminosity and their internal kinematics – as a function of local galaxy density. Motivated by this prospect, we have compared the observed properties of luminous red galaxies (LRGs) inside and outside of voids in the cosmic large scale structure. We used archival measurements of line widths, luminosities, redshifts, colours, and positions of galaxies in conjunction with recent void catalogues to construct comparison LRG samples inside and outside of voids. We fitted these two samples to the well-established fundamental plane of elliptical galaxies to constrain any differences between the inferred value of the Newtonian gravitational constant G for the two samples. We obtained a null result, with an upper limit on any fractional difference in G within and outside of cosmological voids to be α = δG/G ∼ 40 per cent. This upper bound is dominated by the small-number statistics of our N ∼ 100 within-void LRG sample. With the caveat that environmental effects could influence various parameters such as star formation, we estimate that a 1 per cent statistical limit on α could be attained with data from 105 elliptical galaxies within voids. This is within the reach of future photometric and spectroscopic surveys, both of which are required to pursue this method.

Analysis of Line and Tube Detection Performance of a Chest X-ray Deep Learning Model to Evaluate Hidden Stratification.

This retrospective case-control study evaluated the diagnostic performance of a commercially available chest radiography deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) in identifying the presence and position of central venous catheters, enteric tubes, and endotracheal tubes, in addition to a subgroup analysis of different types of lines/tubes. A held-out test dataset of 2568 studies was sourced from community radiology clinics and hospitals in Australia and the USA, and was then ground-truth labelled for the presence, position, and type of line or tube from the consensus of a thoracic specialist radiologist and an intensive care clinician. DCNN model performance for identifying and assessing the positioning of central venous catheters, enteric tubes, and endotracheal tubes over the entire dataset, as well as within each subgroup, was evaluated. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was assessed. The DCNN algorithm displayed high performance in detecting the presence of lines and tubes in the test dataset with AUCs > 0.99, and good position classification performance over a subpopulation of ground truth positive cases with AUCs of 0.86-0.91. The subgroup analysis showed that model performance was robust across the various subtypes of lines or tubes, although position classification performance of peripherally inserted central catheters was relatively lower. Our findings indicated that the DCNN algorithm performed well in the detection and position classification of lines and tubes, supporting its use as an assistant for clinicians. Further work is required to evaluate performance in rarer scenarios, as well as in less common subgroups.

Flow Disturbance Characterization of Highly Filled Thermoset Injection Molding Compounds behind an Obstacle and in a Spiral Flow Part.

In the injection molding process, weld line regions occur when a molten polymer flow front is first separated and then rejoined. The position, length, and angle of weld lines are dependent on the gate location, injection speed, injection pressure, mold temperature, and, especially, the direction and degree of the polymer melt velocity in the mold-filling process. However, the wall surface velocity of the thermoset melt in the mold-filling process is not zero, which is not found for thermoplastic injection molding. The main reason leading to this difference is the slip phenomenon in the filling phase between the thermoset melt and the wall surface, which is directly affected by the filler content. In this study, commercial thermoset phenolic injection molding compounds with different amounts of filler were employed to investigate not only the mechanism of weld line formation and development behind an obstacle in the injection molding process but also the flow disturbance of the thermoset melt in the spiral flow part. In addition, the effect of the wall slip phenomenon on the flow disturbance characterization and the mechanism of weld lines of selected thermoset materials was carefully considered in this research. Furthermore, the generated material data sheet with the optimal developed reactive viscosity and curing kinetics model was imported into a commercial injection molding tool to predict the weld line formation as well as the mold-filling behavior of selected thermoset injection molding compounds, such as the flow length, cavity pressure profile, temperature distribution, and viscosity variation. The results obtained in this paper provide important academic knowledge about the flow disturbance behavior as well as its influence on the mechanism of weld line formation in the process of thermoset injection molding. Furthermore, the simulated results were compared with the experimental results, which helps provide an overview of the ability of computer simulation in the field of the reactive injection molding process.

A Comprehensive Study on the Relation between the Metal Enrichment of Ionized and Atomic Gas in Star-forming Galaxies

We study the relation between the metallicities of ionized and atomic gas in star-forming galaxies at z = 0–3 using the Evolution and Assembly of GaLaxies and their Environments (EAGLE) cosmological, hydrodynamical simulations. This is done by constructing a dense grid of sight lines through the simulated galaxies and obtaining the star formation rate- and H i column density-weighted metallicities, Z SFR and Z H I, for each sightline as proxies for the metallicities of ionized and atomic gas, respectively. We find Z SFR ≳ Z H I for almost all sight lines, with their difference generally increasing with decreasing metallicity. The stellar masses of galaxies do not have a significant effect on this trend, but the positions of the sight lines with respect to the galaxy centers play an important role: the difference between the two metallicities decreases when moving toward the galaxy centers, and saturates to a minimum value in the central regions of galaxies, irrespective of redshift and stellar mass. This implies that the mixing of the two gas phases is most efficient in the central regions of galaxies where sight lines generally have high column densities of H i. However, a high H i column density alone does not guarantee a small difference between the two metallicities. In galaxy outskirts, the inefficiency of the mixing of star-forming gas with H i seems to dominate over the dilution of heavy elements in H i through mixing with the pristine gas. We find good agreement between the available observational data and the Z SFR–Z H I relation predicted by the EAGLE simulations. Though, observed regions with a nuclear starburst mode of star formation appear not to follow the same relation.

Pulsation-induced Spectroscopic Variability of IRAS Z02229+6208

Monitoring of high-resolution spectra in the optical and near-infrared wavelength region was carried out for the early post-AGB stage star IRAS Z02229+6208 with the CARMENES instrument to reveal spectroscopic variability over the pulsation cycle of 154 days. Significant changes are seen in both the intensity and position of carbon-bearing molecular lines. Strong and broad CN red system lines, blueshifted up to 9.4 km s−1 relative to the stellar photosphere, are seen near the light minimum. Near the light maxima, the molecular features are weak and most of them are in emission, e.g., broad emissions in the CN red system (0,0) lines are seen. A site of formation of molecular absorptions and emissions appears to be an extended atmosphere of a cool post-AGB star affected by stellar pulsation. In addition, we observed narrow absorption lines of the C2 Phillips (2, 0), (3, 0) system and the CN red system (2,0), most likely related to the circumstellar envelope produced during the evolution on the asymptotic giant branch (AGB). An expansion velocity of the circumstellar shell was found to be V exp = −11.1 km s−1 relative to the stellar mass center, in agreement with that estimated before from CO lines. The observed spectroscopic variability seems to be typical for pulsating early post-AGB stage stars.

Local molecular asymmetry mediated self-adaptive pinning force on the contact line

When a droplet is placed on a solid surface, the pinning force on the contact line is the key factor determining the dynamics of liquid droplet. As the apparent contact line position is not moving, the pinning force can still be adjusted to balance the changing driving force. However, the underlying mechanism of the self-adaptive variations in the pinning force remains elusive. In this work, molecular dynamics simulations for evaporation of a liquid droplet on a chemically heterogenous substrate were carried out. Our investigation disclosed that the liquid atom on the solid surface experiences a tangential force from the substrate, unless it was located in an absolutely symmetrical position. There exists a non-uniform distribution of liquid atoms in the layer near the solid surface. The dependence of the capillary force on these liquid atoms on their locations relative to the solid atoms is the molecular origin of the self-adaptive pinning force on the contact line. The contact line position may be unchanged on the macroscopic scale, but the local distribution of liquid atoms had a subtle adjustment on the microscopic scale, giving rise to the pinning force on the contact line. A theoretical model was proposed to quantitatively describe the link between the pinning force on the contact line and the molecular asymmetry in the local distribution of liquid atoms.

Line position optimization method for mountain roads based on slope stability and earthwork balance

ABSTRACT As the awareness of environmental protection and safety becomes increasingly important in route design, it is crucial to emphasize line position optimization of mountain roads in sloped sections. In this study, we devised a combined optimization factor (F), which includes the displacement mutation factor (F 1 ), two types of energy mutation factors (F 2 and F 3 ), and the regional earthwork balance factor (F 4 ), to measure the optimization options. We then applied this combined factor to a rural road in Gansu Province, China, to calculate and compare the different line position optimization results according to numerical calculation models. This method allowed the selection of a better optimization option (b = 2.5 m) as the final result. From a short-term perspective, the proposed method can ensure the slope stability and balance earthwork quantities in mountain road sections, as well as promote environmental protection. In addition, this method can provide an optimization concept for long-term application to engineering practices.

UNIFAC residual marine fuels stability prediction from NMR and elemental analysis of SARA components

This paper focuses on the development of theoretical approaches to predict the stability of very low-sulfur residual marine fuel (VLSFO) and is based on molecular weight, CHNS-, SARA-, NMR analysis, and the UNIFAC model. The main issue of using the UNIFAC model is to determine the group composition of marine fuel components in the UNIFAC representation. According to the data obtained, we developed a method for calculating UNIFAC pseudo-components group composition for residual and distillate petroleum products. The hyperparameters used in this model were the asphaltenes’ heat of fusion and melting point. The melting point was successfully estimated using a regression formula that took into account the molecular weight and C/H ratio. The heat of fusion was calculated using the optimization method. The resulting model makes it possible to estimate the influence of the VLSFO component’s parameters on the shape and position of the metastability line in ternary systems. The reliability of the developed model was confirmed by comparing the calculated and experimental data on the example of the VLSFO sedimentation stability diagram in the system of hydrotreated diesel fuel - catalytic cracking light gasoil - visbreaking residue. Based on the developed model it is possible to predict the stability of the residual marine fuel of a given composition. The application of this model is intended to greatly simplify the development of the stable VLSFO composition that meets the requirements of ISO 8217:2017.

Line positions and effective line strengths of trans-HONO near 1280 cm−1

The measurement of the line positions and effective line strengths of the ν3 fundamental band of trans-nitrous acid (trans-HONO) near 1280 cm−1 (7.8 µm) by tunable laser absorption spectroscopy (TLAS) utilizing a room temperature continuous-wave quantum cascade laser (cw-QCL) was reported. The effective line strengths of 30 well-resolved trans-HONO absorption lines in the range of 1279.8–1282.2 cm−1 were determined using the HONO line strength at 1280.3841 cm−1 as a scale. The maximum measurement uncertainty of 7.64% in the line strengths is mainly determined by the uncertainty of the referenced line strength, while the measurement precision of the line positions is better than 5.56 * 10−3 cm−1. The line positions and strengths of the trans-HONO absorption lines obtained in this work provide a reference for continuous gas monitoring and analysis of the sources and sinks of atmospheric HONO.

High sensitivity absorption spectroscopy of acetylene near 760 nm

The Cavity Ring-Down Spectra (CRDS) of acetylene were recorded in the 13,087–13,300 cm−1 range with the sensitivity of 3.4 × 10−11 cm−1. Four cold and six hot bands of 12C2H2 were assigned in these spectra. Only five of them were observed before. The ν1+3ν3+ν41 band is the strongest one lying in this region. The line positions and intensities were recovered from the recorded spectra. The line intensities in this region are reported for the first time. The line positions were modeled using the traditional power series expression in terms of the angular momentum quantum number for an isolated band. The line intensities were modeled using the vibrational transition dipole moment squared and the Herman-Wallis parameters.

Study on the Stability of Coal Pillars in a Gob-Side Two-Entry Arrangement of Different Layers in Fully Mechanized Caving and the Zonal Linkage Control of “Heteromorphic” Surrounding Rock

To solve the problem of considerable deformation of the tailgate in a fully mechanized caving face, the position of the main roof fracture line is first obtained by theoretical calculation, combined with the results of a similar simulation test and numerical simulation analysis. The width of the section coal pillar in the tailgate is determined to be 11.5 m. Based on the distribution characteristics of deviatoric stress and the plastic zone of surrounding rock, combined with the location characteristics and geological conditions, a new zoning control design approach is proposed, a “two pillars, three zones, and three parts” arrangement for the surrounding rock of the tailgate. The targeted two-entry support design is carried out following common engineering practices. Mine pressure monitoring data were used to verify the results of the new two-entry design. The comparison shows that the supporting technology can effectively control the considerable deformation of the surrounding rock, improving stability for regular mining production.

Global modelling of the observed line positions for the spectra of ultraviolet bands: Dunham coefficients for the A2Σ+ excited state of the 16OH molecule

A global treatment of the available experimental data on transition frequencies both in the A2Σ+state and in the A2Σ+−X2Π, and B2Σ+−A2Σ+ electronic systems of 16OH molecule was carried out. In this analysis, a global model with vibrational dependences of the parameters of the effective Hamiltonian for the diatomic molecule in different electronic state was used. As a result of the fit, a set of the ‘Dunham-type’ coefficients for A2Σ+ electronic state was obtained. They reproduce the experimental dataset within estimated experimental uncertainties. The determined ‘Dunham-type’ coefficients were employed to generate the potential energy curve in the A2Σ+ electronic state using the RKR method.

Terrorist attacks, security concerns, and GVC positions – an empirical cross-country study based on industry heterogeneity

Based on the perspective of industry productivity, this article measures the sensitivities of different industries to external public security risks using stochastic frontier analysis, focusing on the relationship between the changes in industries’ production line positions triggered by terrorist attacks and the industries’ security risk sensitivities. We provide evidence that terrorist attacks have a significant adverse impact on the production line positions of global industries, and the strength of those positions’ reactions to terrorist attacks is determined by the degree of the industries’ security risk sensitivities. The reactions to terrorist attacks are nonmonotonic across industries’ security risk sensitivities, with the largest effects in industries near the seventy-fifth percentile of the distribution. This phenomenon is particularly pronounced in high-income and upper-middle-income countries, and also in regions with economic and trade cooperation agreements. A further decomposition analysis of the different production stages shows that complex global value chain (GVC) activities, especially those that involve domestic value-added re-exports to third countries, are more vulnerable to negative shocks from terrorist attacks.

Line Position and Line Intensity Modelings of H218O up to the First Triad and J = 20

Line position and line intensity analyses are carried out for the H218O isotopic species of the water molecule. Both datasets involve the five lowest lying vibrational states. For the line position analysis, the dataset includes infrared and far infrared transitions recorded in this work using high-temperature Fourier transform emission spectroscopy. Also included are already published infrared, far infrared, microwave, terahertz, Doppler-free combination differences, and kHz accuracy lines. The fitting is carried out with the bending–rotation approach and allows us to reproduce 12 858 line positions involving levels with J ≤ 20 and Ka ≤ 18, with a unitless standard deviation of 1.9, varying 207 spectroscopic parameters. For the line intensity analysis, far infrared line intensities measured in this work using Fourier transform spectroscopy in addition to previously measured line intensities are fitted. 5612 line intensities are accounted for with a unitless standard deviation of 1.5. The results from both analyses are used to build a line list for atmospherical purposes, spanning the 2–5000 cm−1 spectral range and containing 7593 lines. This line list and calculated energies and line intensities are compared to those already published.

A court line extraction algorithm for badminton tournament videos with horizontal line projection learning

AbstractCourt line extraction is one of the important steps in the analysis of sport videos. The court extraction is the foundation of the analysis of badminton video, and an efficient method with horizontal line projection K‐means machine learning algorithm to extract court lines from different broadcast badminton tournament videos is proposed in this paper. The horizontal lines are projected into 1‐D histogram signal; then the signal is trained to learn the intensity of the histogram signal for locating the positions of the horizontal court lines. After the equations of the horizontal court lines and the court lines in the vertical direction have been formulized, the intersection points of the court lines can be calculated and the court line can be extracted. The experimental results show that the proposed method can extract the court lines more efficiently than that done by the Hough transform‐related algorithms, which are widely applied in computer vision and self‐driving car applications.