Pose Research Questions Research Articles

Unlocking Workplace Dynamo: The Impact of Internal Trust and Communication on Igniting Work Engagement

Research Question: This study delves into the intricate relationships among internal communication, internal trust, and work engagement within the context of a developing business environment undergoing cultural and economic transition. Motivation: The fundamental research inquiries seek to ascertain the interconnections between the studied phenomena and elucidate the nature of these relationships. Work engagement, identified through previous research and contemporary business practices, emerges as a pivotal force with profound implications for motivation, management, and personal development within organizations. Idea: The introduction sets the stage by emphasizing the study's focus on relationships in a transitioning business environment. Subsequent sections meticulously articulate research objectives, explore the existing literature, pose research questions, and delineate the chosen methodology, elucidating the importance of standardized instruments and the rationale behind the selection of the Serbian organizational context. Results are presented with a focus on the identified correlations, leading to the formulation of two models. The subsequent discussion critically compares these models, offering insights into the implications of trust-determined communication on work engagement. Limitations are candidly acknowledged, underscoring the need for interpretative caution. Data: The research methodology predominantly employs a quantitative approach to unravel the complexities inherent in internal communication, internal trust, and work engagement. The study encompasses a substantial sample size, consisting of 708 respondents representing 16 working organizations in Serbia. Tools: To gauge these phenomena, standardized instruments such as Internal Trust, a shortened version of the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale, and the Internal Communication Scale were employed. The anticipated results unveil robust correlations among the elements under scrutiny. Findings: The findings culminate in the proposition of two models, with structural equation modelling revealing a model where trust determines communication, subsequently influencing work engagement as the more fitting representation. This model presents a nuanced understanding of the intricate dynamics within organizational frameworks. Contribution: Despite acknowledging certain limitations in the study, the research underscores its importance in the quest for the most influential factors contributing to work engagement in organizations. The research serves as a valuable contribution to the broader discourse on organizational behaviuor, shedding light on crucial factors that influence employee engagement in evolving business landscapes.

Application of the Relative Citation Ratio to Assess Common Characteristics of the Highest Impact Articles in Reconstructive Microsurgery

Background: The purpose of this review is to characterize themes among the five plastic and reconstructive microsurgery articles achieving the highest relative citation ratios (RCR) published in the last 20 years in the top journals. In doing so, researchers may be better informed on how to propose salient research questions to impact the field and understand future directions in plastic surgery. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with articles published in the top three journals based on the Impact Factor: Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Journal of Reconstructive Microsurgery, and Annals of Plastic Surgery. A search strategy with controlled vocabulary and keywords was conducted in PubMed to extract all reconstructive microsurgery (RM) articles published between 2002 and 2020. A two-stage screening process to include only RM studies was performed, with a third reviewer moderated discordances. Articles’ RCR data was extracted from NIH iCite. The top five articles with the highest RCR were selected for analysis. Results: We identified three features reflecting educational and clinical trends within RM that might be representative of super-performance in plastic surgery journals. These include: 1) Relevance to high yield techniques in RM such as tissue flap procurement, indications, and outcomes 2) Identification of gaps in current knowledge of these topics 3) Use of media and algorithms to provide clear recommendations. Conclusion: Researchers hoping to have an impactful contribution should pose research questions that address these key themes. The RCR index is a valuable tool to appreciate performance within RM literature and clinical trends within the field.

An Investigation of Teachers' Experiences of the Integration of Education Technology into Kindergarten Teaching

This study aims to explore the experiences of teachers in Qingdao as they integrate educational technology into kindergarten classrooms. The research is set against the backdrop of rapid technological advancements and their profound impact on early childhood education. This study begins by emphasizing the importance of educational technology in enhancing instruction, increasing student engagement, and supporting the developmental needs of young children. It scrutinizes the current state of technology use in kindergarten, addressing the types of technology used, challenges faced by educators, and potential benefits and drawbacks of integration. The study poses research questions related to the effectiveness, challenges, and impact of educational technology in kindergarten settings. It outlines clear research objectives to investigate how technology affects learning outcomes, teacher and child perceptions, and appropriate curriculum integration. The importance of this research is emphasized, and the potential for technology to change instructional practices, the need for evidence-based strategies, and the developmental impact on young learners are discussed.

Healthcare: Public Policies, Social Practices, and Individual Experiences. An Introduction

Abstract This thematic section focuses on health as a multilayered political, economic, and cultural phenomenon. Based on case studies from Southeastern Europe, the four articles in the section pose research questions that are important for understanding the interplay between personal experiences of using healthcare services, trust in the healthcare system, and the governance of healthcare service provision in the region. The articles build on complementary perspectives on individual experiences of interacting with healthcare providers, social issues, and public health strategies, drawing a multidimensional “health map” with interrelated but sometimes diverging arguments. This allows a better understanding of the issues of health and illness in turbulent times of social crises and provides a conceptual basis for healthcare policies in Southeastern Europe.

The Effect of Rules of Origin on Regional Trade: An Analysis of the Africa Continental Free Trade Area

Purpose – The aim of this study is to identify the factors that affect the success of Regional Trade Agreements and the impact Rules of Origin on increasing intra-regional trade. Research design/methodology – An inter pretivist paradigm is adopted by the researcher to address the posed research questions. This is achieved through a qualitative inquiry, relying on secondary data for the adopted case study approach. Findings – The author finds that various factors play a role in the success of RTAs and that if the Africa Continental Free Trade Areas is to be successful, due regard must be given to the specificity of the legal texts defining the RoO. Further, that in order for business originating from member-states to truly benefit, measure must be put in place both on the regional and national level. Recommendations – The study recommends that at national level, there must be policy changes that will facilitate the implementation of the AfCFTA and at regional level, there is need to enhance the legal backing of implementing institutions and to ensure that the concluded rules are easy to understand and result in a simplified certificate of origin to aid business growth and efficiencies. Originality/value – The findings of this study address the core challenges faced by RTAs in Africa and what must be done to ensure that the AfCFTA succeeds in achieving its core vision and mandate.

Momenty (nie)ciągłości psychologii narracyjnej

The thematic diversity and the way narrative is understood demonstrate the vitality of the concept and the phenomenon of narrative in psychology. This article presents some questions and dilemmas that narrative psychology, which is still a young discipline in search of its scientific identity, pose to researchers. It is not our ambition to resolve these questions; instead, we perceive them as moments of (dis)continuity in the ongoing narrative story and as markers of the directions of research and theoretical considerations. We identify such themes as the distinction between utterance and narrative, the space between author and listener, the directions in which the notion of narrative identity is expanding, and the link between narrative structure and narrative process. The methodological diversity the narrative perspective introduces allows us to pose research questions in a qualitative and quantitative approach.

Carbon Footprint of Greenhouse Production in EU—How Close Are We to Green Deal Goals?

Sustainable greenhouse production has been brought to the forefront as one of the pillars in achieving the objectives set by the Green Deal strategy in 2020, for drastically decreasing net emissions from agriculture. The scope of this review was to capture the current situation regarding the sustainability of greenhouse production in the European Union and to present ways to decrease the carbon footprint. For this reason, a systematic search of studies was conducted, focusing on the investigation of the environmental assessment of conventional greenhouses in EU along with a bibliometric analysis to identify the relationships between the studies. In total, 52 papers were selected for an in-depth analysis that led to addressing the posed research questions. The study reveals that Spain and Italy were the most active countries in the literature for the calculation of the carbon footprint in greenhouses, the value of which showed a large variation per crop and per country and was significantly affected by the use of non-renewable energy sources. It was observed that practical solutions to reduce the carbon footprint of greenhouses have already been implemented and proposed, which indicates a positive inclination towards achieving the Green Deal objectives.

Machine Learning for Credit Risk Prediction: A Systematic Literature Review

In this systematic review of the literature on using Machine Learning (ML) for credit risk prediction, we raise the need for financial institutions to use Artificial Intelligence (AI) and ML to assess credit risk, analyzing large volumes of information. We posed research questions about algorithms, metrics, results, datasets, variables, and related limitations in predicting credit risk. In addition, we searched renowned databases responding to them and identified 52 relevant studies within the credit industry of microfinance. Challenges and approaches in credit risk prediction using ML models were identified; we had difficulties with the implemented models such as the black box model, the need for explanatory artificial intelligence, the importance of selecting relevant features, addressing multicollinearity, and the problem of the imbalance in the input data. By answering the inquiries, we identified that the Boosted Category is the most researched family of ML models; the most commonly used metrics for evaluation are Area Under Curve (AUC), Accuracy (ACC), Recall, precision measure F1 (F1), and Precision. Research mainly uses public datasets to compare models, and private ones to generate new knowledge when applied to the real world. The most significant limitation identified is the representativeness of reality, and the variables primarily used in the microcredit industry are data related to the Demographic, Operation, and Payment behavior. This study aims to guide developers of credit risk management tools and software towards the existing ability of ML methods, metrics, and techniques used to forecast it, thereby minimizing possible losses due to default and guiding risk appetite.

The Impact of QoE Factors on the Perception of Constructs Comprising Information Quality, Usability, and Aesthetics in Mobile Web Browsing

Quality of Experience (QoE) for mobile Web browsing is a complex and multidimensional concept. So far, the research community has addressed the influence of QoE perceptual dimensions on QoE and the impact of various influence factors on QoE perceptual dimensions for mobile Web browsing. In this study, we recognize the gap and need to analyze and gain a deeper understanding of the relationship between multiple influence factors and specific constructs of QoE perceptual dimensions. Utilizing a previously collected dataset, our goal is to fill the research gap in terms of investigating the impact of specific influence factors (loading time, aesthetics, number of taps, information quality) on various constructs comprising the user perception of usability, aesthetics, and information quality in the context of mobile Web browsing. A total of 14 research questions are raised: 7 addressing constructs comprising perceived usability (simplicity, effectiveness, quickness, efficiency, comfort, ease of use, organization), 3 addressing constructs comprising perceived aesthetics (perception of mobile Web site aesthetics, pleasance, clarity, systematicness), and 4 addressing constructs comprising perceived information quality (timeliness, clarity, conciseness, structuralism/completeness/spelling-correctness). Results of posed research questions provide indications on the strength and direction of the impact of considered QoE influence factors on the perception of studied constructs. This study contributes to the research community by being the first to address the impact of chosen QoE influence factors on individual constructs comprising QoE perceptual dimensions in the domain of mobile Web browsing, thus extending the knowledge on interplays and relations in this area. Furthermore, it contributes by revealing numerous new paradigms in the context of usability, aesthetics, and quality of information, such as: (i) beautiful and easy to reach is more simple, effective, efficient, and comfortable, (ii) easy to reach is more pleasant and clear, (iii) informative is more pleasant and clear, (iv) beautifully presented information has higher perceived quality, etc. Reported findings can be utilized by various stakeholders (mobile Web site designers, content providers, device designers, network providers) for indirect management of QoE.

Analyzing Conflict Reporting and Press Freedom in Pakistan: Examining Threats to Journalists' Safety in FATA Region

According to Reporters without Borders, Pakistan occupies 157th position in the World Press Freedom Index 2022 out of 180 countries. FATA is considered as the most dangerous area for the journalists in Pakistan. They face harassment, threats, threating calls, kidnaping, beating and even death. Journalists cannot report on sensitive issues in FATA region. The study strives to find out the challenges the journalists face in FATA, to know the reasons why these challenges exist and finally to find out the best possible solutions for these issues. On the pinning of the Hierarchy of Influential Model has been utilized. To address the posed research questions to examine the freedom of press, a survey was designed and reached out to the working journalists of FATA region. The results show that journalists are facing censorship and pressures from owners and different extremist groups. Majority of the journalists also receive instructions and pressures from law enforcing agencies for the favorable coverage. The study further states that journalists are not free to report the events from the war zones if it is against the law enforcing agencies.

Faculty perceptions of online presence: intercultural considerations

PurposeThe Covid-19 pandemic forced educational institution to rapidly switch to online delivery. Even if the pandemic seems to be over, online learning will continue to constitute at least a part of the course’s delivery in the future. With that in mind, this study aims to explore the factors that influence teaching presence online and how these perceptions will guide teachers to adopt practices that will impact their presence accordingly. Given the changes implemented due to the pandemic, this study is essential to identify the significance of teaching and social presence in online classes.Design/methodology/approachSemi-structured interviews were used to find answers to the posed research questions. Exploring the perceptions and experiences of four university teachers, this study, informed by the community of inquiry (CoI) model, investigated the impact of teaching and social presence on the online learning experience in higher education.FindingsThe findings indicate that teachers acknowledged the importance of these two elements in teaching online. Moreover, the study investigates how teachers could establish teaching and social presence to enhance the online learning experience.Originality/valueThe study explores teachers’ views on the importance of presence, their practices to achieve in an online learning environment and addresses a gap in the literature on “teaching presence from the educator’s perspective, [since] most studies exploring the student’s perspective” (Gurley, 2018, p. 200).

GEN-Z MUSLIMS, SOCIAL MEDIA AND FORMLESS-SPIRITUAL: An Explorative Study of Mosque Youth in Medan City

The article discusses spiritual understanding in the Gen-Z Muslim group, which is explored through Mosque Youth in Medan City. Spiritual issues for the Gen-Z Muslim group are considered important because they are believed to be able to bring a more guided direction. This study poses research questions about who Gen-Z Muslims are, what spiritual sources and how Gen-Z Muslim groups understand spiritual forms. The research method uses a qualitative method that describes a phenomenon in a descriptiveanalytical manner. This type of research is explorative, which seeks to deepen knowledge or discover new theories. The primary source of data is Mosque youth in Medan City. Data collection by observation, focus group, and documentation. Then, data analysis was done through reduction to summarize the data found to be grouped and presented through in-depth analysis. This research found that Gen-Z Muslims, as a group of youth mosques which are still students, gain religious knowledge from recitation and involvement with religious organizations and are shaped by social media. Sources of spiritual knowledge still need to be more authoritative. Finally, the research confirms that Gen -Z Muslims spiritual does not have a clear form because not resourced from resource authoritative.

Strengthening Digital Transformation and Innovation in the Health Care System: Protocol for the Design and Implementation of a Multidisciplinary National Health Innovation Research School.

Digital health technologies have the potential to transform health care services to be more cost-effective, coordinated, and accessible on equal terms for entire populations. In the future, people will be assisted by such technologies to monitor their health status, take preventive measures, and have more control of their health situation. An increase in digital supplementation or substitution of physical care visits can potentially add value to patients and care providers by increasing accessibility, safety, and quality of care. However, health care organizations struggle with the challenges of developing and implementing digital health technologies and services in practice. As a response to this, we have developed a national multidisciplinary research school to increase competence and capacity for research on the development, implementation, and dissemination of digital health technology solutions. The overall aim of the research school is to increase national competence and capacity for the development, implementation, and dissemination of digital health technology to increase the preparedness to support and facilitate the ongoing digital transformation in the health care system. The purpose of this paper is to outline the protocol for the development and implementation of a national multidisciplinary doctoral education program of health innovation supporting digital transformation in the health care system. A national multidisciplinary research school for health innovation was planned in collaboration between 7 Swedish universities and their partners from industry and the public sector. The research school will run over 6 years, of which 5 years are dedicated for the doctoral education program and 1 year for the project start-up and closing. In this paper, we outline the methodological approach of the research school; the combining of knowledge and expertise of the universities that are important to run the research school; the jointly formulated research-oriented and societally relevant research focus, goals, and objectives for the research school; the established and developed relationships with partners from industry and the public sector for joint research training projects; the forms of collaboration in the research school; and the format of the doctoral education process. The research school was funded in December 2021 and started in March 2022. The research school starts with an initiation period from March 2022 to December 2022 where the infrastructure and the action plans to run the school are set up. The PhD projects start in January 2023, and these projects will be completed in 5 years. Additional activities within the research program are doctoral courses, networking activities, and dissemination of results. The network of several partners from industry, public sector, and academia enables the research school to pose research questions that can contribute to solving relevant societal problems related to the development, evaluation, implementation, and dissemination of methods and processes assisted by digital technologies. Ultimately, this will promote innovation to improve health outcomes, quality of care, and prioritizations of resources. PRR1-10.2196/46595.

The Perception of Insurance Crime Held by Students

Theoretical background: Researching insurance crime in terms of its perception by students makes it possible to gain knowledge about their interpretation skills, as well as identify attitudes towards insurance frauds. This article supplements the Polish literature on the phenomenon which is a significant dysfunction in the insurance sector. Purpose of the article: The main aim of this article is to analyse the perception of insurance crime according to research conducted among students. Moreover, additional auxiliary goals were formulated: 1. Determining the level of knowledge of the respondents about insurance crime. 2. Analysing the attitudes of the respondents towards the phenomenon of insurance crime. Research methods: The paper presents the results of a preliminary study in which a survey was conducted in the form of a questionnaire. In order to verify the posed research question and to achieve the aims defined in this article, a survey was conducted among students at the University of Szczecin. An original questionnaire was used for the study, which was distributed to 11,000 university students. The research was conducted in the period from January to February 2022. The questionnaire was completed by 416 respondents, which makes it possible to conclude that the survey is representative. The questions in the questionnaire concerned students’ knowledge of the phenomenon of insurance crime and its perception by the surveyed group of respondents. The survey results were analysed as a whole, and then presented and described. Main findings: The research results presented in the article show that the surveyed group of respondents was mostly characterized by an average level of awareness of the phenomenon of insurance crime. In this context, it seems necessary that all insurance entities and institutions make constant efforts to raise the level of insurance awareness of the society about the phenomenon of insurance crime. A significant role in shaping and developing awareness in this area is played by insurance education, which should take place on several levels (didactic, social, institutional).

The attributes of coopetitive relationships: What do we know and not know about them?

Coopetition is well recognized by scholars and highly valued by practitioners. Nonetheless, although we know a lot about the antecedents and effects of this fast-growing phenomenon, we do not know much about the relationships through which it is exploited.This paper addresses this gap by identifying and categorizing the attributes of coopetitive relationships used when coopetition is utilized. As a review paper, it follows a two-step approach in which two rounds of the literature review were implemented.First, a review of existing reviews (i.e. an umbrella review and a meta-systematic review) was conducted to confirm the knowledge gaps and pose research questions. Second, a domain-based systematic literature review was run to find out what coopetitive relationship attributes are described in research, if (and how) these attributes can be categorized and finally what remains unknown about them.Subsequently, the application of frequency and content-centric thematic analyses allowed us to identify 24 attributes of coopetitive relationships, but also to categorize them based on their complexity level (i.e. 2 constitutive, 6 first-order and 16 s-order attributes) and the type of inter-organizational relationships characterized by them (i.e. 7 relational attributes distinguished for coopetition versus 17 related to both cooperative and coopetitive inter-organizational relationships).

Inquiry-based Learning in Junior Secondary Geography Education: A Lesson Analysis of China’s Natural Resources Teaching

This paper is a lesson study of the instruction of China’s Natural Resources (the third unit of eighth-grade geography), and its objective is to examine the efficacy of inquiry-based learning in geography education. In the experimental lesson, we reorganized the teaching content by integrating the learning materials from the four sections of Natural Resources Overview, Land Resources, Water Resources, and Marine Resources in the unit. With proposed real-world situations and learning tasks, students posed research questions and conducted independent inquiry into issues such as the characteristics, distribution, and utilization of Chinese natural resources, as well as the existing problems. In this procedure, students gained the right methods and skills for geographical study, thereby enhancing their academic competency in geography.

Бұқаралық ақпарат құралдарындағы саяси мәдениет

The research paper examines the actual relations between political systems and mass information in the modern information society. To substantiate the relevance of the research topic, the authors have posed research questions and analyzed theoretical papers, various Internet sites, and research papers. The research paper presents a theoretical and empirical analysis of the concept of ‘political culture’ in the field of mass media and social sciences. Media services and the practice of using digital technologies by the state in the provision of public services to the population are singled out as the main sources influencing the formation of political culture among people.As one of the directions of managing the political system, it reflects the functions of state entities in the dissemination of information, including the development of e-government and its place in the international ranking, and analysis of the development status of the Kazakh political. In addition, the authors suggested that Kazakhstan’s e-government can contribute to the formation of a new form of political culture among the population, clearly demonstrating a focus on the virtual implementation of activities in such areas as family, social security, legal aid, healthcare, migration, education, transport, employment.Research methods: theoretical and methodological analysis, statistical analysis, and secondary data analysis. The main data of the article are mass media, digital technologies, e-government, and UN research works. In conclusion, the article describes the role of e-government in Kazakhstan’s experience with a comprehensive consideration of the relationship between the media and politics.

Coverage and Framing of Emerging STI and STEM by Four Major Nigerian Newspapers and Implications for National Development

In Nigeria, there is a gross deficit of empirical research on emerging Science, Technology, and Innovation (STI) content in the media. This paper focuses on investigating four prominent newspapers in Nigeria to ascertain the extent to which Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) and emerging STI are covered and framed. We posed research questions covering reportage, sourcing, framing, and implications. The methodology involved content/framing analysis of Daily Trust, Leadership, The Guardian, and The Punch newspapers. A census sampling of 728 newspaper issues was conducted covering a period of six months spanning between December 1, 2020, and May 31, 2021. The results indicate a near zero coverage of emerging STI in the four dailies. Other results show that of the eight areas of STEM examined, medical/health sciences (48%), agricultural sciences (24%), and ICTs/engineering (19%) received more coverage. Earth/environmental sciences, physical and chemical sciences, marine, space, and mathematical sciences were accorded near zero coverage. On sourcing of STEM stories in the four dailies, 54% was sourced in-house by the journalists, 33% came from national STI institutions, while 13% was obtained from foreign and internet sources. On framing, 42% STEM stories were framed in terms of health, risk, and safety; 39% in economic and political frame; while academic, environmental, ethical and “other” frames scored between 7% and below. The conclusion of the study is that newspaper coverage of emerging STI was near zero reflecting and projecting the dismal status of emerging STI in Nigeria while the coverage and framing of STEM depicted the media agenda of concentration on medical, agricultural, and ICT endeavours to the neglect of others. Deeper coverage and broader framing of emerging STI are germane to national development.

Quality indicators for capsule endoscopy and deep enteroscopy

Capsule endoscopy (CE) and deep enteroscopy (DE) can be useful for diagnosing and treating suspected small-bowel disease. Guidelines and detailed recommendations exist for the use of CE/DE, but comprehensive quality indicators are lacking. The goal of this task force was to develop quality indicators for appropriate use of CE/DE by using a modified RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method. An expert panel of 7 gastroenterologists with diverse practice experience was assembled to identify quality indicators. A literature review was conducted to develop a list of proposed quality indicators applicable to preprocedure, intraprocedure, and postprocedure periods. The panelists reviewed the literature; identified and modified proposed quality indicators; rated them on the basis of scientific evidence, validity, and necessity; and determined proposed performance targets. Agreement and consensus with the proposed indicators were verified using the RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method. The voting procedure to prioritize metrics emphasized selecting measures to improve quality and overall patient care. Panelists rated indicators on the perceived appropriateness and necessity for clinical practice. After voting and discussion, 2 quality indicators ranked as inappropriate or uncertain were excluded. Each quality indicator was categorized by measure type, performance target, and summary of evidence. The task force identified 13 quality indicators for CE and DE. Comprehensive quality indicators have not existed for CE or DE. The task force identified quality indicators that can be incorporated into clinical practice. The panel also addressed existing knowledge gaps and posed research questions to better inform future research and quality guidelines for these procedures.

Fintech meets Industry 4.0: a systematic literature review of recent developments and future trends

ABSTRACT The Fintech and Industry 4.0 paradigms, and the combination of the two, have gained increasing attention from the scientific community in recent years. This paper aims to explore the convergence of these two research themes by framing their interplay through a systematic literature review covering the period of 2017 to August 2021 and involving 78 papers. The bibliometric approach made it possible to extract a large amount of useful information which was previously scattered and to present it in a systematic way. The analysis of the co-occurrence network of keywords identified four distinct clusters, corresponding to the dominant research themes in the area, which suggested the design of a research agenda. The agenda-driven questions indicated which current aspects of Fintech and Industry 4.0 need additional insight. In that regard, the environmental and social responsibility aspects of the firms in the sectors were found of particular importance. Theoretical and practical implications of this study as well as answers provided to a set of initially posed research questions were also discussed.