Portland Limestone Research Articles

Effect Of Quartz Particle Size and Cement Replacement on Portland Limestone Cement properties

This research focuses on investigating the effect of quartz particle sizeand cement replacement on their physicomechnical properties. Portlandlimestone cement (PLC) was employed and replaced with quartz powder(QP) at various particle sizes (1.19 mm, 425 µm, 300 µm, 212 µm, <212µm) and cement replacement between 2.5 wt.% ~ 15 wt.% at interval of2.5 wt.% to study their impact on the cement properties. The PLC chemical composition revealed a relatively low lime and high silica contentcompared to the conventional cement. QP revealed a high silica, lime andsulphur contents compared to natural sand. A high consistence, elongatedsetting times and lower strengths and specific gravities were observed ascement was replaced with QP at a given particle size respectively. Theeffect of replacing cement with QP content between 2.5 wt.% and 15 wt.%at various particle sizes resulted in average increments by 45.32%, 23.13%and 36.06% for initial setting time, final setting time and water demandrespectively. This increase could be related with clinker diminution coupled with enhanced QP surface area and clinker diminution. Similarly, anincrease in the QP surface area at a given cement replacement led to higherwater consistence, retarded setting times and lower strength. The effect ofenhancing the QP’ surface area between 1.19 mm and below 212 µm at agiven cement replacement resulted in average increments by 26.27%, 8.61%and 7.49% for initial and final setting times and water demand respectively.The strength gain of the QP cement blend diminished significantly above30% up to 15 wt.% cement replacement especially beyond 3 days. The lowstrength could be due to the high-water consistence linked with silica content resulting in setting time retardation. The optimal QP content was determined at 5 wt.% owing to the fact that the physicomechnical properties didnot significantly deviate from the properties of control.

Effect of layered double hydroxides Ca-Al LDHs and polycarboxylate ethers on the hardening of Portland limestone cement

The use of layered double hydroxides (LDHs) is a new direction in chemistry of cement. The influence of calcium/aluminum double hydroxides (Ca-Al LDHs) and polycarboxylate ethers (PCE) on the strength development of Portland limestone cement has been investigated. It has been shown that Ca-Al LDHs form in cement slurry with the introduction of alkaline aluminate accelerator Na[Al(OH)4]. It was determined that this contributes to a significant increase in the early strength of cement stone. However, this reduces the setting time of hardening, and there is a decrease in strength with age. At an early stage of structuring in cement paste with the addition of Na[Al(OH)4], metastable high-water hydrate phases of Ca-Al LDHs of type C4AH19 ([Ca2Al(OH)6]2(ОН)2·12H2O) are formed, which, due to the conversion phenomenon, transform to cubic C3AH6. Such processes are accompanied by an increase in overall porosity and decreases in the strength of cement stone. Stabilization of the Ca-Al LDH structure is achieved by introducing anions [NO3]- into the interlayer space with the formation of Ca-Al-NO3 LDHs through the use of sol-gel technology. X-ray phase analysis, IR spectroscopy, and electron microscopy proved the fact of synthesis of AFm-phases of type [Ca2Al(OH)6]2(NO3)2.6H2О. When modifying such hydrates with polycarboxylate ethers, a nanocomposite Ca-Al-NO3 LDHs-РСЕ is formed. It was found that when the Ca-Al-NO3 LDHs-РСЕ nanocomposite was introduced to СЕМ ІІ/A-LL 42,5 R, the strength over the period of 8...24 hours increases by 2.0–1.5 times, and, after 2 and 28 days, 58 and 144 % of the standard strength is achieved (Rс28=62.5 MPa). The obtained nanomodified Portland limestone cement refers to extra rapid-hardening and high-strength cement, which makes it possible to solve the task of carrying out work on the rapid restoration of reinforced concrete structures' elements

Assessment of Durability Indicators for Service Life Prediction of Portland Limestone Cementitious Systems Produced with Permeability-Reducing Admixtures

Supplementary cementing materials (SCMs) and the challenges associated with admixture compatibility and durability performance are continuous challenges for the construction industry. Utilizing SCMs has apparent benefits in reducing the carbon footprint and improving the durability performance of concrete structures. This work investigates the performance of mortars composed of Portland limestone cement, calcium carbonate, butyl stearate, and oleic acid. The effort focuses on transport properties using electrical resistivity, chloride migration, porosity, and water permeability measurements. Then, various methods based on the last parameters are compared to assess the changes in the effective chloride diffusion coefficient and the intrinsic liquid water permeability. Measurements for drying shrinkage, thermal expansion, and compressive strength are conducted to verify durability and mechanical performance. The effect of the admixture addition on the service life of a structure fully submerged in marine exposure conditions is then evaluated using Fick’s second law of diffusion and the approach described by FIB model code 34. The results indicate that incorporating calcium carbonate, butyl stearate, and oleic acid in mortar mixtures provides enhanced durability compared to plain Portland limestone cement mortars.

Compressive Strength of Blocks Made of Hollow Sandcrete Using Portland Limestone Cement and Rabbish

Abstract: As we know that construction is a very important and basic part of development. In today’s scenario, every developing country is more focused on developing its infrastructure. we should be aesthetically beautiful, durable and Economical also. especially, India which is a developing nation is going through lots of infrastructure development and needs durable and also economical construction materials especially sand, cement, and concrete. so, in this project, more focus is on making the construction cheaper and more affordable to all classes of society. so, in this, we have used rabbish as an alternate in cement concrete to check its effect on its durability and effectiveness. Sandcrete hollow blocks are used in place of traditional bricks and stones when building a structure.

Development of Portland Limestone Cement (PLC) in India using different composition of cement and marginal grade limestone: A sustainable approach

In this study, Portland Limestone Cement (PLC) was synthesized by inter-grinding method Portland clinker (PC) with two grades of limestone individually; Cement grade (LS-CG) and Marginal grade (LS-MG) at varying dosages of 0, 10, 15, 20, and 30% by weight, along with a fixed amount (5% by weight) of Gypsum-GYP. It was found that the growth of finer and wider particles was enhanced by increasing both grades of limestone (LS-CG and LS-MG). However, as Limestone per cent exceeded up to 30% in PLC, the normal consistency and specific gravity decreased in the PLC. Investigations suggested that PLC blends with up to 20% addition of LS-CG and LS-MG have qualified the specifications stipulated for blended cement in India as per the Bureau of Indian Standards. It was also observed that the compressive strength of PLC was found to be strongly associated with the 5.5 μm and 3.27 μm particles of PLC. This research suggests that LS-MG can be used to produce PLC.

Microstructural and compaction characteristics of tropical black clay soil subgrade modified with lead-zinc mine tailings

Lead–Zinc Mine tailings (LZMT) are wastes generated after the extraction of lead and zinc from mined mineral ore, whose disposal mechanism is gradually becoming environmentally unfriendly. For effective recycling of LZMT, this present study utilized a combination of LZMT and Portland limestone cement (PLC) to improve the compaction and microstructural characteristics of tropical black clay soil (TBCS) for use in pavement design and construction. The LZMT and PLC were added to the expansive soil in varying proportions with mix ratios generated from Taguchi orthogonal array. The result obtained for the compaction characteristics showed that the maximum dry density (MDD) increased significantly when a combination of 20% LMZT and 4% PLC were blended with the expansive soil. The increase in the MDD was attributed to the formation of cementitious compounds. In addition, the optimum mix ratio obtained from the unconfined compressive strength of the TBCS, was used for the evaluation of the pore structure characteristics which included porosity, tortuosity and permeability. The result obtained from the analysis that was implemented with a combination of fractal geometry and Bradley and Roth adaptive thresholding image segmentation technique, indicates the possibility of a slight reduction in the strength properties of the modified soil due to its high level of porosity. Also, the permeability and tortuosity values obtained from the present study suggest a slight increase in the permeability of the modified soil-additive mixtures which may not be unconnected to the occurrence of pozzolanic reaction that resulted in the agglomeration and flocculation of the LZMT-PLC modified TBCS. Furthermore, microstructural analysis was executed on the modified TBCS and LZMT using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The result from the FTIR analysis indicates the pozzolanic character of LZMT in the presence of Si–O and Al–O tension bond with the bonds around 1000 cm−1 wavenumber, while the SEM analysis reveals the formation of a cementitious compound in the modified expansive soil-LZMT-PLC mixture.

Estimation of Effects of Air Pollution on the Corrosion of Historical Buildings in Bangkok

Historical buildings are recognized as the valuable cultural heritage of a nation. They may suffer material deterioration unavoidably because of exposure to air pollution. We used geographic information systems with dose-response functions (DRFs) to estimate the corrosion of copper and Portland limestone, and their risk of corrosion with regard to historical buildings in Bangkok, Thailand. The first step was to find a suitable spatial interpolation method considering the air pollution and meteorological measurement data for 2010-2019 from 26 monitoring stations in Bangkok and its neighborhoods. Applying multiple performance measures, the inverse distance weighting (IDW) method was found to be the most suitable. Predictions of the pollutant concentration in the spatial atmosphere showed that the concentration of all pollutants (SO2, NO2, O3, and PM10) tends to increase in 2028. Air pollution exposure time duration tends to be a key factor affecting the corrosion of material. The results of spatial corrosion estimations indicated that in 2010, the corrosion of copper and Portland limestone were at acceptable levels; however, the estimated corrosion levels for 2019 and 2028 are higher and beyond the acceptable levels. Moreover, both materials in the Rattanakosin historical area exceed their tolerable corrosion rates with considerably serious risks in 2028. The results can be further used to establish active measures to reduce the rate of corrosion of historical buildings in Bangkok.

EFFECT OF POLYCARBOXYLATE SUPERPLASTICIZERS ON THE PROPERTIES OF READY-MIX CONCRETE

The article analyzes the experience of using Portland limestone cement for the production of ready-mixed concretes. It is shown that polycarboxylate superplasticizers (PCE) play a decisive role in providing required technological and construction-technical properties of concrete. The data show that the most effective PCEs for maintaining the workability of the concrete mixture over time and obtaining the required strength class of concrete are РСЕ based on modified acrylic polymers. It was found that polycarboxylate superplasticizers provide a significant water-reducing effect (ΔW/C = 38%) and was achieved compressive strength class C45/55. It is shown that such concretes are characterized by its rapid strength development (fcm2/fcm28=0.54). The ready-mix concrete with PCE was used for concreting foundations of wind turbines on the wind power plant with provide the technological properties and of reduce CO2 emissions.

Early-stage assessment of drying shrinkage in Portland limestone cement concrete using nonlinear ultrasound

Second harmonic generation (SHG), a nonlinear ultrasonic technique, holds great promise for reliable structural health management owing to its nondestructive detection of early-stage damage evolution in cement-based materials. Utilizing the SHG technique, this study focuses on elucidating the contribution of limestone to dimensional stability under drying shrinkage in cement-based materials. Specifically, the acoustic nonlinearity parameter β obtained from the SHG is used, together with uniaxial strain and mass reduction, to characterize the microstructural condition near the surface (∼50 mm) of Portland limestone cement (PLC, Type IL) concrete, which is compared to ordinary Portland cement (OPC, Type I/II) concrete. In both PLC and OPC specimens, β increases remarkably compared with other measured parameters (i.e., change in mass, strain). This demonstrates the sensitivity of this approach to the microstructural modification caused by drying shrinkage, allowing for the discrimination in performance of PLC and OPC.

Performance analysis of support vector machine, Gaussian Process Regression, sequential quadratic programming algorithms in modeling hydrogen-rich syngas production from catalyzed co-gasification of biomass wastes from oil palm

The quest to attain net-zero emissions has increased the drive for more renewable energy potential from the co-gasification of biomass. The co-gasification of coconut shell and oil palm wastes is a potential technological route to produce hydrogen-rich syngas. However, the complexity of the gaseous-phase reaction often results in process uncertainties which could lead to energy and material wastage. Taking advantage of the data generated from the process, this study explores the performance of twelve machine learning algorithms built on the support vector machine (SVM), the Gaussian process regression (GPR), and the non-linear response quadratic model (NLRQM) using Sequential quadratic programming, and the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithms. The co-gasification of coconut shell and oil palm wastes blend catalyzed by Portland cement, dolomite, and limestone resulted in the maximum syngas production of 42 mol.%, 38 mol.%, 45 mol.%, respectively. The co-gasification process was modeled using SVM regression incorporated with linear, quadratic, and cubic kernel functions, GPR incorporated with rotational, squared, Matern 5/2, and exponential kernel functions, and non-linear response quadratic model (NLRQM) using sequential quadratic programming (SQP), and Levenberg-Marquardt (LM). The performance analysis of the models revealed that the SVM incorporated with linear kernel had the least performance with R2 in the range of 0.3–0.7. Whereas the best performance in terms of prediction of the syngas composition was obtained using the NLRQM algorithm with an inbuilt SQP and LM algorithms. The observed syngas composition was consistent with predicted values with R2 > 0.97 for the three catalyzed co-gasification processes. The low RMSE (<1) and MAE (<1) obtained from the models are indications of the robustness of the accurate prediction of the NLRQM-LM and NLRQM-SQP algorithms. The sensitivity analysis revealed that the co-gasification temperature, catalysts loading, and the blending amount play a significant role in the predicted syngas composition. However, the co-gasification temperature had the highest influence as indicated by the level of importance values.

Effect of limestone content on properties of portland limestone cement produced by intergrinding

Limestone is used very commonly as a mineral admixture in the production of blended Portland cement because of its availability and low cost. Since using limestone reduces the amount of clinker used, it helps to reduce CO2 emission from the cement production process. Limestone is added into cement commonly by intergrinding with clinker, gypsum and other admixtures (if any). International studies show that the influence of limestone depends not only on the content and fineness of limestone but also on the mineral composition of the clinker used. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of limestone content on some properties of Portland limestone cement produced by intergrinding method using materials available in Vietnam. The limestone contents used were 0, 10, 20, and 30%. The properties of the cement investigated include particle size distribution, water of consistency, setting time and compressive strength at ages of 1, 3, 7 and 28 days. The results show that, when increasing the limestone content, the cement particle size was distributed more widely, the water of consistency increased by 1%, and the initial and final setting time decreased slightly. The compressive strength also tended to decrease, the level of decrease was highest at the age of 1 day, gradually decreasing in the later ages. Based on the degree of strength decrease at ages of 3 and 28 days, the limestone content used should not be more than 20%.

Cement-based concrete modified with Vitellaria Paradoxa ash: A lifecycle assessment

Building sustainable concrete requires an increasing demand for technology, innovation, and alternative binders to cement. The building sector is technologically driven toward sustainable construction materials and their relationship with the environment. Thus, this study designed three grades of cement-based concrete strengths (C 25, C 30, and C 40) modified with an alternative binder, shea nutshell ash (Vitellaria Paradoxa Ash, VPA). The binder (VPA) was varied at 0–20 wt% of Portland limestone cement (PLC) cured at 28 days, examining the compressive strength cost attained sustainability. Moreover, the embodied energy (EE), global warming potential (GWP) and global temperature potential (GTP) of the concrete compositions were evaluated using the inventory of carbon and energy (ICE) method within the confine of cradle-to-site. Also, the sustainability index (Si) and economic index (Ei) of the concrete mixes were assessed. The results revealed that VPA-cement-based concrete yielded a lesser EE, GWP, GTP, Si, and Eci than the control concrete (Portland limestone cement concrete, PLCC), indicating VPA-cement-based concrete is more sustainable than PLCC. Notwithstanding, an optimum replacement of 15 wt% PLC with VPA is recommended to satisfy all assessments earlier stated for all concrete strength grades. Therefore, these findings can be beneficial in attaining a cleaner built environment and sustainable production. Finally, VPA has proved to be a sustainable building material.

Development of cost-effective low carbon hybrid textile reinforced concrete for structural or repair applications

This paper presents a comprehensive experimental program on the development of ductile, sustainable, and low-cost TRC composites for structural or repair applications. For this purpose, a range of ternary and quaternary blended cement mixes made of Ordinary Portland Cement, Fly Ash, Limestone and Silica Fume (with 70% to 80% cement replacement levels) with a target compressive strength of 30 MPa and a slump of > 300 mm were developed. The most suitable mixes were then used for the development of AR-glass-based TRCs with and without the addition of 2% PP, AR-glass and PVA short fibres. The performance of the developed TRCs was investigated in terms of cost, sustainability, flexural behaviour, bond behaviour, drying shrinkage and compressive strength. The results showed that the developed TRCs show a significantly higher flexural strength and deformation capacity while having a lower drying shrinkage, cost and environmental impact than those available in the literature.

Electrical and Transport Properties of Cement Mortar Made Using Portland Limestone Cement

Abstract This study examines the performance of cementitious systems made using clinker that is typically used to make Type II/V cement, limestone, and supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs). The porosity, formation factor, and pore connectivity of mortars are examined. The mortars are made with ordinary portland cement (OPC), OPC+limestone (LS), and portland limestone cement (PLC) with and without typical commercial SCMs (silica fume, fly ash, and slag). The porosity of both the PLC and OPC+LS mortars is approximately 4 % higher than the porosity of commercial OPC (which typically contains 2–3 % interground limestone) mortar. The porosity of PLC+SCM and OPC+LS+SCM mortars is also 2–6 % higher than the porosity of commercial OPC+ SCM mortars. The mixtures containing SCMs with alumina showed less of an increase in porosity because the limestone reacted with alumina to form carbo-aluminate reaction products. Despite the increase in porosity, there is no statistically significant difference between the formation factor of the PLC, OPC+LS, and OPC mortars without SCM. The PLC+SCM, OPC+LS+SCM, and OPC+SCM mortars had a higher formation factor than the plain OPC/PLC/OPC+LS mortars because of pore refinement. Pore refinement is also observed in PLC and OPC+LS mortars containing SCMs with alumina. The results of this study indicate that PLCs (ASTM C595/C595M-20, Standard Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cements) can be used as a direct replacement for OPCs (ASTM C150/C150M-20, Standard Specification for Portland Cement) without any significant reduction in performance as related to transport.

Plastic-viscosity-based mix design and effect of limestone on self-compacting concrete

The advantages of using self-compacting concrete (SCC) in comparison to traditional vibrated concrete are widely acknowledged. One of the key challenges in producing a consistent SCC mix lies in the ability to control its performance both in fresh and hardened states. Several methodologies are currently used for mix proportion design of SCC to achieve better quality and strength. In this work the consistency of a plastic-viscosity (PV)-based mix-proportioning method was investigated by exploring the fresh-state flow properties and hardened-state compressive strengths of SCC mixes produced using Portland limestone cement (PLC). SCC design mixes with target compressive strengths between 30 and 70 MPa were tested. It was found that while using the chosen PLC type, the mix-proportioning method based on estimation of PV failed to achieve the predicted compressive strength in the case of target mix strength of 60 MPa and above. The aim of this paper is to propose a procedure to mitigate this discrepancy by demonstrating that the quality and performance of the SCC produced using PV-based mix design can be influenced by the cement type used and this can also affect the target compressive strength achieved by the concrete mix.

The Impact of Cement Kiln Dust and Cement on Cold Mix Asphalt Characteristics at Different Climate

Cold bitumen emulsion mixtures (CBEMs) are made up of the same materials that are used in hot mixes. However, asphalt emulsion and water are used in such mixes. To date, many countries are still not using these mixes as a structure layer. This can be attributed mainly to their low resistance to rainfall, long curing time and low early strength. The addition of cementitious filler to CBEMs as a clean paving material is a potential technique to achieve superior mechanical qualities. The aim of this research is to compare improved CBEMs that might be used as a wearing surface to hot mix asphalt (HMA). These improvements were carried out through the use of a combination of cement and limestone, or a combination of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) and cement kiln dust (CKD). CBEMs were prepared according to Egyptian and British gradations using different percentages of ordinary Portland cement (OPC), CKD, and limestone. This may offer a new cold bitumen emulsion mixture to be used as a structural pavement layer in such countries. The main tests performed for the assessment of the mixes in this research are indirect tensile stiffness modulus, fatigue resistance, and resistance to rutting at different temperatures (20 °C, 45 °C, and 60 °C). The results show that adding OPC to CBEMs enhanced the results in terms of ITSM, rutting and fatigue resistance. However, significant improvements were made by binary filler made of CKD and OPC to the said mechanical properties in terms of both UK and Egyptian gradations. The ITSM values for both CBEMUK6 and CBEMEg6, which contain 80% OPC + 20% CKD, improved by around 8 and 9 times in comparison to CBEMUK1 and CBEMEg1, which contain 20% OPC + 80% L.S, respectively.

Mechanical properties and electrical resistivity of portland limestone cement concrete systems containing greater than 15% limestone and supplementary cementitious materials

This investigation explored the feasibility of producing strong, good quality, durable concrete in low-clinker systems (less than 50% clinker in some cases). The low-clinker content was achieved by combining interground portland limestone cement (PLC) with high limestone contents and different supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs). Seven cements, with approximate limestone contents between 3% and 31%, from two cement plants were used, in combination with SCMs, in forty-two different mixtures with water-cementitious materials ratios (w/cm) of 0.40 and 0.45. The SCMs included Class F and C fly ashes, Grade 100 slag, and silica fume. Mechanical properties (compressive strength, tensile strength, elastic modulus) and electrical resistivity were measured at 1, 7, 28, and 91 days. Similar compressive strengths were observed for mixtures with equivalent effective w/cm ratios. Although, the combination of PLCs with SCMs for very low-clinker systems resulted in decreased compressive strength, an increase in electrical resistivity was observed. More importantly, strong, good-quality concrete can be produced without sacrificing environmental benefits.

Life-Cycle Assessment of Sculptured Tiles for Building Envelopes in Mediterranean Climate

Life-cycle assessments (LCAs) were conducted to evaluate sculptured cement mortar tiles, proposed by Hershcovich et al. (2021), and conventional cement mortar flat tiles for thermal insulation of a typical residential building in Mediterranean climate. The production (P) and operational energy (OE) stages were compared between the sculptured tiles and the conventional flat tiles. The P stage used Portland cement with 95% clinker (CEM I) and Portland limestone cement with 65% clinker (CEM II). The OE stage used 31% coal, 56% natural gas, and 13% photovoltaic (PV) (adopted in 2020) and 8% coal, 57% natural gas, and 35% PV (planned for 2025). The ReCiPe2016 single-score method was used to assess environmental damage over short (20 years), long (100 years), and infinite (1000 years) time horizons of living pollutants. The results show that the use of sculptured tiles caused environmental damage in the short time horizon and environmental benefits in the long and infinite time horizons in the 2020 scenario, while it led to environmental benefits only in the infinite time horizon in the 2025 scenario.

Particle characteristics of calcined clays and limestone and their impact on early hydration and sulfate demand of blended cement

Supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) can alter significantly the early hydration behavior of blended cement. While the underlying mechanisms have been intensively discussed in literature, they need to be extended regarding SCMs with complex mineralogy and surface properties, such as calcined clays. In this study, a blended Portland limestone cement was monitored during the first 48 h of hydration using in situ X-ray diffraction and isothermal calorimetry. The influence of a fine limestone and four different calcined clays, which vary in mineralogical composition and particle properties, was investigated at a replacement level of 30 wt%. The sulfate content was gradually adjusted and its influence on heat evolution and phase development was examined. It was shown, that depending on their particle properties, the investigated SCMs influence the aluminate and silicate clinker reaction by different mechanisms and to varying extents. The results underline the importance of proper sulfation of blended cements.

Analysis of Chemical Compositions of Portland Cement and Limestone from Four Geopolitical Zones of Nigeria

Cement, a major binding material in concrete making, influences the quality of concrete so produced with it; as such its chemistry dictates the chemistry of the concrete. Poor quality cement has recently been implicated as the main causes of incessant building collapses in Nigeria. The physicochemical analysis of limestone used in the production of various brands of Portland cement in four geopolitical zones of Nigeria (north east NE, north west NW, north central NC, and south west SW) was investigated using standard methods. Each of the limestone and cement samples was randomly collected from their respective sample points at the four different geopolitical zones of Nigeria. Each of the collected samples was ground and sieved to 2 mm mesh size. The limestone was rich in lime content that ranged from 45.91% ± 0.30% to 49.0% ± 0.19%. Among the cement samples, percent SiO2 ranged from 19.95 ± 0.25 (NW) to 20.18 ± 1.02 (NC), Al2O3 4.98 ± 0.18 (NW) to 5.82 ± 0.38 (NE), Fe2O3 2.76 ± 1.00 (NE) to 3.82 ± 0.21 (SW), CaO 60.18 ± 0.27 (NE) to 65.10 ± 0.98 (NC), MgO 1.93 ± 0.04 (NC) to 2.50 ± 0.10 (NE), SO3 0.93 ± 0.50 (NE) to 2.02 ± 0.13 (NW). The results showed that virtually all the cement samples analyzed conformed well to the BSEN 196-2 standard. However, the loss on ignition (LOI) deviated considerably (7.82% to 8.72%) from 4% maximum by the standard. Also, the lime saturation factor (99.70%) obtained for north central cement was slightly higher than the specified range of 92.0 to 98.0%. It could be deduced from this study that the various cements available in Nigerian market from the four geopolitical zones are of good quality. Nevertheless, other processes that lead to the production of a good concrete such as the mix ratio of cement, gravel, sand and water, use and quality of iron rods, and other building materials need to be professionally checked for quality assurance. The findings from this study can be a useful guide to the chemist, environmentalist, construction industry, and the general public on the quality of cements available in Nigerian market.