Portland Limestone Research Articles

Hourly three-minute creep testing of an LC3 paste at early ages: Advanced test evaluation and the effects of the pozzolanic reaction on shrinkage, elastic stiffness, and creep

In this study, hourly three-minute creep testing is used to elucidate the evolution of the viscoelastic behavior of cement pastes produced with ordinary Portland cement (OPC), limestone Portland cement (LPC), and limestone calcined clay cement (LC3), from 1 to 7 days after production. An innovative test evaluation protocol, accounting for shrinkage, is used to identify values of the elastic modulus, the creep modulus, and the creep exponent, without making assumptions. The S-shaped shrinkage evolution of the LC3 paste is explained by Portlandite dissolution and the associated redistribution of chemical shrinkage-induced compressive stresses to the remaining solid skeleton. The evolution of the elastic stiffness of the LC3 paste is explained by space filling by C-A-S-H phases. The small creep compliance of the LC3 paste is explained by C-A-S-H which creeps less than C-S-H, and by AFm phases which precipitate in nanoscopic slit pores between C-S-H structures, gluing viscous interfaces.

Performance and life cycle of Portland limestone cement mixes admixed with gypsum

In this study, the life cycle and performance of normal concrete containing 35% limestone and 2% gypsum made in different ratios of water to binder (w/b) were examined. Its cost and CO2 emissions were found to be 13% and 35% lower compared to the control concrete. However, because of the greater replacement of cement with limestone filler, there is a reduction in its workability, the development of heat and strength, and the penetration resistance of water and chloride ions, especially in the early ages. The addition of gypsum marginally improved these concrete properties, but its quantity should be limited to 2% by weight of the binder. The use of gypsum beyond this limit led to a significant decrease in the properties of concrete. Anorthite, a calcium aluminosilicate mineral, was found in this concrete, and its fractured morphology was found to be more occupied with unreacted angular limestone particles. This low-carbon concrete showed an improvement in compressive strength with decreasing w/b ratios. The limestone reserve in India is abundant and spread evenly across its length and depth, and its use as the main replacement for cement in normal strength mixes would greatly reduce the impact of CO2 on the environment.

Design, modelling and optimisation of ultra high-performance fibre reinforced concrete incorporating waste materials

The adoption of ultra-high-performance fibre-reinforced concrete (UHPFRC) in modern-day construction has gradually increased because of its high compressive and flexural strength at the early production ages. The UHPFRC's high initial cost discourages its production and widespread use. This cost can be reduced by incorporating waste materials in UHPFRC production. This study aims to design, model, and optimise a three-day heat-cured UHPFRC incorporating waste materials. To produce a sustainable UHPFRC mixture, this study combines rice husk ash (RHA) and recycled tire steel fibre (RTSF) as the primary waste components, with Portland limestone cement, river sand, superplasticizer, and water. The concrete is heat-cured in a hot water bath at 90 °C for 3 days, resulting in rapid strength development. A D-optimal mixture design technique was used to optimise the mix proportions, and mathematical models were developed to predict the compressive and flexural strengths. The non-significant lack-of-fit results and the high values of coefficient of determination (R2) revealed the accuracy of the models in predicting the compressive and flexural strengths of the UHPFRC. The low values of standard deviation (SD) and coefficient of variation (CV) confirmed the consistency and reliability of the prediction models. A numerical optimisation revealed that it is possible to design a UHPFRC mixture with a lower cement content of 38.29% of the UHPFRC mix, resulting in a compressive strength of 117.62 MPa and a flexural strength of 36.32 MPa. The study reveals that integrating RHA and RTSF into UHPFRC can yield high-performance properties, offering innovative solutions for resource scarcity and environmental sustainability in the construction sector.

Experimental investigation of the impact of additives in low clinker cementitious materials on multi-ion transference numbers and diffusion coefficients

In this paper, multi-ion transference numbers were determined throughout the chloride migration testing of low clinker cement-based materials. For this purpose, five cement pastes were studied: pure Portland paste (as a reference) and four other pastes, based on limestone filler, fly ash, slag or silica fume. The transference numbers were calculated from the concentration evolution in the three zones of the migration cell (catholyte, anolyte and sample), considering that: (i) ions moved in the catholyte and anolyte; (ii) ions leached from the sample; (iii) ions were generated from the electrode processes, and (iv) the pore solution of the sample evolved during the test. The chloride transference numbers of pastes with pure Portland cement, limestone filler, fly ash, slag or silica fume are almost zero at the beginning of the migration test but 0.23; 0.18; 0.06; 0.05 and 0.20 at the end of the test, respectively. The ion transference numbers obtained were used for the calculation of diffusion coefficients of chlorides, sodium and potassium using the Nernst-Einstein equation.

Ternary blended concrete strength evaluation: experimental and artificial intelligence techniques

Purpose The purpose of this study is to forecast the mechanical properties of ternary blended concrete (TBC) modified with oyster shell powder (OSP) and shea nutshell ash (SNA) using deep neural network (DNN) models. Design/methodology/approach DNN models with three hidden layers, each layer containing 5–30 nodes, were used to predict the target variables (compressive strength [CS], flexural strength [FS] and split tensile strength [STS]) for the eight input variables of concrete classes 25 and 30 MPa. The concrete samples were cured for 3–120 days. Levenberg−Marquardt's backpropagation learning technique trained the networks, and the model's precision was confirmed using the experimental data set. Findings The DNN model with a 25-node structure yielded a strong relation for training, validating and testing the input and output variables with the lowest mean squared error (MSE) and the highest correlation coefficient (R) values of 0.0099 and 99.91% for CS and 0.010 and 98.42% for FS compared to other architectures. However, the DNN model with a 20-node architecture yielded a strong correlation for STS, with the lowest MSE and the highest R values of 0.013 and 97.26%. Strong relationships were found between the developed models and raw experimental data sets, with R2 values of 99.58%, 97.85% and 97.58% for CS, FS and STS, respectively. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this novel research establishes the prospects of replacing SNA and OSP with Portland limestone cement (PLC) to produce TBC. In addition, predicting the CS, FS and STS of TBC modified with OSP and SNA using DNN models is original, optimizing the time, cost and quality of concrete.

Calcined Clays as Concrete Additive in Structural Concrete: Workability, Mechanical Properties, Durability, and Sustainability Performance.

Calcined clays (CCs) as supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) can be a promising option to reduce clinker content and CO2 emissions in eco-friendly concretes. Although CCs as components of composite cements in combination with Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) and limestone powder (LSP) have attracted industry interest, their use as concrete additives is limited. This study investigates the effects of the addition of CCs on the fresh and hardened properties of industry-standard ready-mixed concretes. Four concrete mix designs, each with three superplasticizer dosages, were tested, resulting in 12 variations. The CCs used, which are typical of 2:1 bentonite clays with low metakaolin content, reflect the clays available in Germany. The results showed that CCs significantly influenced the workability, which could be controlled with a high superplasticizer dosage. Increased CC contents reduced bleeding tendencies, which was beneficial for certain structural applications. Early age strength decreased with CCs, but the 28-day strength exceeded that of pure OPC concretes up to 30 wt% CCs. Resistance to CO2-induced carbonation decreased with higher levels of CCs but was comparable up to 15 wt%. Freeze-thaw damage decreased, and chloride migration resistance improved due to a denser microstructure. The global warming potential (GWP) of the concretes tested is in line with that reported in the literature for concretes made from highly blended cements, suggesting that CCs can improve the sustainability of concrete production.

Impact of waste rockwool on the performance of LC3-based lightweight mortar: A promising solution for greener construction

The objective of this study is to explore the influence of waste rockwool (RW) on the mechanical strength and fire resistance performance of high-volume expanded vermiculite (EVM) lightweight mortar made with limestone-calcined clay cement (LC3). LC3 binder was prepared by blending ordinary Portland cement (OPC), metakaolin (MK), and limestone (LS) powder at weight percentages of 40, 40, and 20 wt%, respectively. LC3-based lightweight mortar with a binder-to-aggregate ratio of 1:3 was prepared by replacing 50 vol% of the sand with EVM aggregate. The waste RW was added to the EVM-blended LC3 mortar with different percentages of 1, 3, and 5 % by weight of binder. The compressive strength, flexural strength, drying shrinkage, bulk density, thermal conductivity, fire resistance, and microstructural properties of the hardened LC3-lightweight mortars were determined in accordance with ASTM standards after 28 days of water curing. The results revealed remarkable enhancements in both mechanical and fire resistance performances with RW addition. The addition of 3 wt% RW into the EVM-blended LC3 mortar provided the appropriate enhancement ratios of 56.55 % and 52.83 % in compressive and flexural strengths respectively and increased the fire resistance rating by 25 %. A residual compressive strength of 76.19 % has been maintained after exposure to standard fire for an hour (1 h). The doping of RW into the EVM-blended LC3 mortars led to significant reduction in drying shrinkage rate. A slight, insignificant variation in the thermal conductivity of EVM-blended LC3 lightweight mortar incorporated with RW has been obtained. RW addition resulted in improved microstructure in terms of compactness.

Calcium nitrate effectively mitigates alkali–silica reaction by surface passivation of reactive aggregates

AbstractCalcium nitrate (CN: Ca(NO3)2) has been shown to mitigate alkali–silica reaction (ASR) in concrete. Such ASR mitigation has been suggested to be on account of precipitate (i.e., barrier or passivation layer) formation‐induced dissolution inhibition of reactive/dissolving aggregate surfaces. Herein, we examine the ability of CN to mitigate ASR across two cements (Type I/II and Portland Limestone Cement), for aggregates of varying reactivity, and across different types and dosages of SCMs (supplementary cementitious materials, i.e., amorphous steel slag and Class C and Class F fly ashes). Based on expansion measurements carried out as per ASTM C1260/C1567, it is observed that CN, as a function of dosage, substantively mitigates ASR in mortar formulations across aggregate types. Careful microstructural examinations, dissolution studies, and thermodynamic calculations indicate that CN induces the formation of C–S–H, portlandite (Ca(OH)2), and calcite (CaCO3) precipitate mixtures, which form on aggregate surfaces at the expense of typical ASR gels. Such precipitates create a dissolution barrier and inhibit ASR in both SCM‐free and SCM‐containing formulations. The outcomes indicate that CN is an efficient and cost‐effective ASR mitigation additive (∼$250–$600 per tonne), particularly in a time of dwindling fly ash supplies and unaffordable lithium prices (>∼$12 000 per tonne).

Impacts of advanced metals recovery on municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash: aggregate characteristics and performance in portland limestone cement concrete

The optimization of alternative materials in concrete production continues to garner considerable attention in order to meet sustainability goals and supplement natural materials. Portland limestone cement (PLC) and municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) bottom ash (BA) have been proposed separately as green cement and coarse aggregate supplement in low-strength concrete production, creating sustainable products and alternative disposal scenario for a waste material. This study discusses the impact of advanced ash processing techniques on aggregates and presents the performance of concrete incorporating both of these products with PLC for the first time. Two sources of MSWI BA were investigated, one as-produced (TMR) and one processed with novel advanced metals recovery (AMR). The AMR process reduced total Al content in ash compared to TMR (20,500 vs 17,000 mg/kg), though not aluminum oxide content, as the AMR process targets metallic aluminum. A composition study on both aggregates supports a reduction in ferrous and non-ferrous metals following the AMR process. All control and test mixes met 28-day compressive strength requirements (17 Mpa). Both AMR and TMR MSWI BA-amended concretes yielded compressive strengths below control specimens (no ash) ranging from 17 to 23 MPa, with little to no difference observed dependent on MSWI BA processing. The life-cycle discussion supports benefits deriving from supplementing naturally mined materials and recovering ferrous and nonferrous metals with the AMR process.

Mix and measure II: joint high-energy laboratory powder diffraction and microtomography for cement hydration studies.

Portland cements (PCs) and cement blends are multiphase materials of different fineness, and quantitatively analysing their hydration pathways is very challenging. The dissolution (hydration) of the initial crystalline and amorphous phases must be determined, as well as the formation of labile (such as ettringite), reactive (such as portlandite) and amorphous (such as calcium silicate hydrate gel) components. The microstructural changes with hydration time must also be mapped out. To address this robustly and accurately, an innovative approach is being developed based on in situ measurements of pastes without any sample conditioning. Data are sequentially acquired by Mo Kα1 laboratory X-ray powder diffraction (LXRPD) and microtomography (µCT), where the same volume is scanned with time to reduce variability. Wide capillaries (2 mm in diameter) are key to avoid artefacts, e.g. self-desiccation, and to have excellent particle averaging. This methodology is tested in three cement paste samples: (i) a commercial PC 52.5 R, (ii) a blend of 80 wt% of this PC and 20 wt% quartz, to simulate an addition of supplementary cementitious materials, and (iii) a blend of 80 wt% PC and 20 wt% limestone, to simulate a limestone Portland cement. LXRPD data are acquired at 3 h and 1, 3, 7 and 28 days, and µCT data are collected at 12 h and 1, 3, 7 and 28 days. Later age data can also be easily acquired. In this methodology, the amounts of the crystalline phases are directly obtained from Rietveld analysis and the amorphous phase contents are obtained from mass-balance calculations. From the µCT study, and within the attained spatial resolution, three components (porosity, hydrated products and unhydrated cement particles) are determined. The analyses quantitatively demonstrate the filler effect of quartz and limestone in the hydration of alite and the calcium aluminate phases. Further hydration details are discussed.

Novel sustainable steel fiber reinforced preplaced aggregate concrete incorporating Portland limestone cement

This study proposes a novel approach by adding Portland limestone cement (PLC) to preplaced aggregate steel fiber reinforced concrete (PASFRC) to create a sustainable concrete that minimizes CO2 emissions and cement manufacturing energy usage. The method involves injected a flowable grout after premixing and preplacing steel-fibers and aggregates in the formwork. This study evaluates the mechanical properties of a novel sustainable concrete that uses PLC and steel fibers. To achieve the intended objective, long and short end-hooked steel fibers of 1%, 2%, 3%, and 6% were incorporated in PASFRC. Also, Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to examine the data. Results indicated that PLC and higher fiber doses increased the mechanical properties of PAC. At 90 days, PASFRC mixtures containing 6% long steel fibers demonstrated superior compressive, tensile, and flexural strengths, registering the highest values of 49.8 MPa, 7.7 MPa, and 10.9 MPa, respectively and differed by 188%, 166%, and 290%, respectively from fiberless PAC. The study confirmed the suitability and effectiveness of using PLC with steel fibers in PAC which significantly improved the mechanical properties of PASFRC. This was verified through analytical analysis and new empirical equations were proposed to predict the mechanical properties of PASFRC.

Evaluation of the strength performance and microstructural properties of different based metakaolin blended cements containing greenly synthesized nanosilica

The drive towards improving the properties of cement composite thus making it eco-friendly, sustainable, and durable, has been the focus of the construction industry. Kaolin is one of the pozzolans that have been investigated in recent times, but its reactivity is influenced by its source. In addition, the problem of homogenous mixing onsite and early strength development of pozzolana blended cement are evident. This research focused on the strength and microstructural properties of factory-produced metakaolin blended cement incorporated with green nanosilica. Kaolin samples were obtained from three locations and calcinated at 700 ℃ for 1 h. Metakaolin was interground with 10% Portland Limestone Cement (PLC) clinker at the factory. Binder-sand ratio (1:3) with a water-binder ratio of 0.5 was adopted for batching the mortar. Nanosilica was added to the mortar at: 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5%, respectively. Prisms of 40 × 40 × 160 mm were cast and cured for 3, 7, 14, 28, 56, 90, 180, 270, and 365 days, respectively. The flexural and compressive strengths of prisms including the water absorption of cubes were evaluated. 10% MK addition enhanced the mechanical properties of the mortar with MK C having the highest enhancement. Incorporation of 1% nanosilica enhanced strengths at early and later ages, as well as refinement in the pores of the mortar with increasing nanosilica.

Evaluation of sulfuric acid effect on bending strength of steel used in concrete reinforcement in sanitation structures

Most sanitation structures in the world are constructed using concrete which is reinforced by the steel, this type of concrete is called Reinforced Cement Concrete (RCC). The RCC structure is believed to be relatively resistant to corrosion which the sanitation structures are prone to due to the aggressive environment in which they are subjected to. This belief has been compromised since the reinforced concrete used in the sanitation structures such as the concrete sewer pipes has become susceptible to Microbiologically Induced Deterioration (MID). This MID leads to degradation and compromised strength and service life of the RCC. In the reinforced concrete structure, the backbone of this structure is the reinforcing steel which when its strength is compromised by the MID, the whole structure is compromised. The present research therefore aimed at evaluating the effects of sulfuric acid, resulting from the MID process, on the bending strength of steel metal used for reinforcing concrete in sanitation structures. Reinforced concrete specimens were developed using different types of cement and different concrete cover. The three different types of cement were, Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC), Portland Pozzolana Cement (PPC) and Limestone Calcined Clay Cement (LC3), while concrete covers of 15mm and 25mm were applied. They were then subjected to a harsh environment (a sample of sewage) suitable for corrosion just like in their actual operational environment. To determine the effects of sulfuric acid resulting from MID on the steel metal, the steel metal was tested using a Universal Testing Machine (UTM). The bending strengths before and after being subjected to an aggressive environment were determined. The testing of the specimens was done at an interval of 14 days for a period of three (3) months. According to the results, for a concrete cover of 25mm, LC3 showed a minimum percentage reduction in strength compared to PPC and OPC. It had the lowest percentage reduction in strength after 84 days which was 5.25%, OPC 7.20%, and PPC 7.24%. In conclusion, there was a strength reduction for all specimens tested. LC3 showed good resistance to the effects of MID compared to PPC and OPC. In terms of concrete cover, 25mm showed good resistance to MID compared to 15mm concrete cover.

Study on seawater corrosion resistance of calcium sulfoaluminate cement-based novel grouting materials

Grouting materials play a critical role in anchoring structures of cross-sea tunnels by safeguarding the anchors against seawater corrosion and enhancing durability. In this paper, a novel grouting material comprising ferrite-rich sulfoaluminate cement (FCSA), ordinary Portland cement (OPC), anhydrite and limestone were prepared. Accelerated corrosion immersion tests were conducted to assess the corrosion resistance of the grouting material using artificial seawater solutions with varying salt concentrations. Pull-out tests were performed to verify the material's performance, while potentiometric titration and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis were employed to analyze free chloride ion concentration (Cf) and corrosion products at the anchorage interface. Results indicate that after 1.5 years of corrosion in seawater with different salt concentrations, the bond strength stabilized at 1.05 MPa. No rust was observed on the anchor surfaces and the Cf exhibited a linear increase with salt concentration. The content of Friedel's salt increases with salt concentration, demonstrating adequate chloride ion binding capacity. The test results validate the exceptional seawater corrosion resistance and long-term stability of the novel grouting material.

Whole-life carbon emissions of concrete mixtures considering maximum CO2 sequestration via carbonation

A comparison of cradle-to-gate embodied carbon emissions and carbon dioxide (CO2) sequestration potential due to carbonation of portland cement (PC), portland limestone cement (PLC), and limestone calcined clay cement (LC3) concrete mixtures is presented in this work. First, the cradle-to-gate embodied carbon emissions of the concrete mixtures were calculated using life cycle assessment (LCA). Then, the CO2 sequestration potential of each mixture was computed using a theoretical model for CO2 sequestration that was derived using principles of cement chemistry to account for the carbonation of both calcium hydroxide (CH) and calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H). The results indicate that a theoretical maximum of 33 % of the cradle-to-gate embodied carbon emissions of the concrete mixtures analyzed herein can be realistically sequestered via carbonation. Data also substantiate that concrete mixtures with higher cradle-to-gate embodied carbon emissions sequester the most CO2. However, concrete mixtures with lower cradle-to-gate embodied carbon emissions, namely PLC and Type I, II, III, IV, and V mixtures with high-SCM replacements, typically yield the lowest whole-life carbon emissions. The results indicate that concrete mixtures with high SCM replacement should be prioritized—regardless of which cement is used to produce the concrete—from a whole-life carbon emissions perspective.

Quantification of critical chloride threshold of reinforcing steel embedded in portland limestone cement systems containing supplementary cementitious materials

Quantification of critical chloride threshold of reinforcing steel embedded in portland limestone cement systems containing supplementary cementitious materials

Influences of alumina type and sulfate content on hydration and physicochemical changes in Portland–limestone cement

This study explored the influence of alumina type and gypsum content on the hydration, mechanical properties, and chemical changes of Portland–limestone cement (PLC) using isothermal calorimetry, inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), ionic chromatography (IC), compressive strength testing, X-ray diffraction (XRD), 27Al magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (27Al MAS NMR) spectroscopy, and mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) testing. The addition of alumina shortened the induction period, accelerated the acceleration period, and increased the mechanical strength of the PLC pastes with 3 and 7 wt% gypsum. The acceleration effect and strength enhancement were not distinct in the PLC pastes with less gypsum (0.1 wt%). The addition of γ-alumina led to the greatest accelerating effect and strength improvement in the PLC pastes with 3 and 7 wt% gypsum, and the compressive strength achieved was comparable to those of pure Ordinary Portland cement (OPC) pastes without limestone. The addition of γ-alumina induced the rapid dissolution of gypsum and consumption of sulfate ions. The chemical change affected by the addition of alumina varied greatly depending on the gypsum content, and trends in AFt and AFm formation in the PLC pastes with different gypsum contents were confirmed. Finally, pore size refinement was observed through the addition of alumina to PLC pastes with 3 and 7 wt% gypsum.

Secondary durability implications: Steam cured, carbonated concrete containing limestone filler, and GGBFS

The motivation of this work is three-fold: jurisdictions are moving from general use (GU) cement to general use limestone (GUL) cement or Portland cement (PC) to Portland limestone cement (PLC); ‘carbonation curing regimes’ are being widely considered/studied/implemented; and modular construction using precast elements may achieve ‘lower carbon’ concrete infrastructure. This study aims to examine the interplay between various mix constituents (i.e. GU, GUL, limestone filler (LF), and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS)), curing regimes (atmospheric (0.04% CO2), accelerated (3% CO2) carbonation, and steam curing), and coupled environmental effects on durability of ready mix and precast concrete. In this study, the term “secondary durability implications” of carbonation processes refers to the effect of carbonation on the concrete's indicators of durability (i.e. water absorption (sorptivity), and rapid chloride permeability) and its durability (i.e. against freeze/thaw cycles and deicer scaling). The results reveal that: 1) a combination of GUL cement +10% GGBFS achieves a lower carbonation depth and a higher compressive strength than the other mix designs in the same curing regime without steam curing; 2) steam curing within 24 h of casting leads to a lower long term strength and a greater carbonation depth for a same mix design that is moist cured; and 3) secondary durability implications of (accelerated and atmospheric) carbonation cured (after 28-day moist curing) concrete for the (GUL cement + 10%GGBFS) prisms exhibit stronger resistance against 300 freeze-thaw cycles and de-icer salt scaling resistance compared to the 301-day moist cured mixes.

Multidisciplinary approach for the prediction of cement paste rheological properties: physical analysis, experimental rheology and microstructural modelling

AbstractIn this contribution, an interdisciplinary approach was employed to investigate and describe the fresh rheology of cementitious pastes, using analytical techniques, microstructural modelling, and experimental rheometry. The pastes, based on Ordinary Portland Cement and Limestone Calcined Clay Cement at a solid volume fraction of Φ = 0.45, were subjected to various analyses. Physical and chemical analyses were conducted including laser granulometry and isothermal heat flow calorimetry. Dynamic rotational rheometry and static oscillatory rheometry, along with viscoplastic and viscoelastic rheological modelling were used to support the characterization of the pastes. A physics‐based Monte‐Carlo algorithm was developed to numerically describe rheological properties such as structural buildup and yield stress. The results showed that as the physical properties of the pastes became more complex, the correlation of several analysis methods went more challenging. However, the combination of analytical, experimental, and phenomenological rheology allowed for a more distinct characterization of the cement paste. These findings can serve as a basis for further multidisciplinary rheological characterization of cementitious building materials.

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Cost-Efficient 3D Printed Concrete Reinforced with Polypropylene Fibers

Studying emerging and cutting-edge digital construction techniques, especially the utilization of 3D printing for concrete/mortar materials, holds significant importance due to the potential benefits that these technologies might offer over the traditional approach of casting concrete in place. In this study, a mixture composed of Portland cement, water, sand, limestone filler and polypropylene fibers was utilized for 3D printed concrete production towards the sustainable constructions approach. The benefits that sustain this statement include reduced construction time and material requirements, diminished error and cost, increase in construction safety, flexibility of architectural design, and improved quality with much less construction cost and waste. The microstructure, fresh and hardened mechanical properties of the polypropylene fiber reinforced 3D concrete were investigated. The results indicated that it is essential to attain a slump measurement of approximately 40 mm and a slump flow within the range of 140 to 160 mm, as stipulated by relevant standards (ASTM C1437 and C230/C230 M), in order to create a 3D concrete mixture suitable for extrusion. Also, the effects of printing parameters, fiber dosage, material composition, and other factors on the 3D printed concrete strength were discussed, and the corresponding adjustments were addressed.