Port Enterprises Research Articles

Supply Chain Risk Assessment and Control of Port Enterprises: Qingdao port as case study

China's reform has led to rapid port enterprise development and improved major coastal port throughput capacity and loading efficiency. Modern port enterprises are important nodes in global supply chain integration and have begun to function as integrated logistics service centers. Qingdao port was used to evaluate enterprise supply chain risk. An improved AHP method was used to propose measures to strengthen port enterprise supply chain risk management. Port service process risk, operational risk, port relationship process risk, and external environment-associated risk are too high in this supply chain. To strengthen supply chain risk control, improved port service efficiency, enhanced port operational ability, strengthened membership management, and improved supply chain risk prevention mechanisms are required.

Screening of Port Enterprise Value Chain Routines Based on Evolution Equilibrium

In order to find the screening mechanism of port enterprises value chain routines, based on describing the selection of port enterprises value chain routines, an evolutionary game model is presented and constructed. Using this model, we analyze the strategy of port enterprises value chain routines when they achieve the stability of the evolution. The results show that port enterprise value chain routine selection is a dynamic and repeated game. The expected revenue and convention cost of routines taking part in the game playing directly correlate with the evolutionary stable strategy and the selection of port enterprises value chain routines tend to be conservative strategy. Introducing evolutionary game theory provides a new perspective for the study on the formation, search and selection of port enterprises value chain routines and provides favorable theoretical support for further research in related fields.

Economic assessment of the alternative energy sources implementation for port enterprises

Economic assessment of the alternative energy sources implementation for port enterprises

A Conceptual Model of Excellent Performance Mode of Port Enterprise Logistics Management

Abstract Port as one of the key hubs of international logistics, which has become the main part and the base of global logistics management. The port enterprises, plays an important role in the global supply chain. However, due to the lack of understanding in port supply chain management, coordination between the port enterprises, the integration of business process is not perfect, the lack of information sharing between various organizations, ports enterprises usually failed to fully play its positive role. Based on this, the paper makes the port enterprises as the research object, and introduces the excellent performance mode into the port enterprises. In order to study the port enterprises how to carry out effective quality management, and formation the coordination and integration of upstream and downstream of enterprises, so as to realize the competitive advantage in port logistics.

The Port Service Ecosystem Research Based on the Lotka-Volterra Model

Abstract Under the new normal of China’s economy, the competition among the port enterprises is not only the competition of the core competence of the port, the port industry chain or the port supply chain, but also the competition of the port service ecosystem. In this paper, the concept and characteristics of the port service ecosystem is discussed, a hierarchical model of the port service ecosystem is constructed. As an extended logistic model, Lotka-Volterra model is applied to study the competitive co-evolution and mutually beneficial co-evolution of enterprises in the port service ecosystem. This paper simulates the co-evolution of enterprises in the port service ecosystem by using MATLAB programming. The simulation results show that the breadth of the niche of the enterprises is changing with the change of the competition coefficient and the coefficient of mutual benefit in the port service ecosystem. Based on that, some proposals are put forward to ensure the healthy and orderly development of the port service ecosystem.

Performance evaluation of Chinese port enterprises under significant environmental concerns: An extended DEA-based analysis

The rapid development of China’s port industry has caused numerous problems, among which the most significant is environmental pollution. A major goal for government and port enterprises alike is the achievement of both effective environmental protection and operational efficiency. Therefore, environmental factors should be considered when evaluating port efficiency. However, most of the available data envelopment analysis (DEA) models that have been used in previous studies enable each decision-making unit (DMU) to choose its favorite weight-combination with a rather careless approach. This may have caused some DMUs with very good economic indexes but very poor environmental indexes to be evaluated as fully efficient. This paper proposes a non-radial DEA preference model, based on the assumption of variable returns to scale (VRS) and the Directional Distance Function (DDF). The proposed model has been used to evaluate and analyze the efficiency of Chinese-listed port enterprises. The efficiency results showed the average efficiency to be low for all ports when environmental factors are considered. The regression results show that port assets, berth quantity, and the geographical location can significantly impact the environmental performance of Chinese port enterprises. This study also classified all ports into four categories, based on throughput and efficiency. Recommendations for the implementation for improvements of different environmental policies have been made for the individual ports in each category based on the actual situation of each port.

Relación Puerto-Ciudad, diseños alternativos al plan maestro de Empresa Portuaria de Valparaiso

The Port Enterprise of Valparaiso (EPV) iniciated in the years 2004, to pose the masterplan of portuary expansion for our coast. A plan that would close definitely the sea for the city; putting in danger the condition of Humanity World Patrimony. Alternative designs, pretend to balance and avoid conflicts betwen portuary expansion and public patrimonial space destination of the coastal border. This works objetive, is to put in discussion the alternative propositions to the Masterplan for the Port of Valparaiso, from EPV. To do, it discusses the analysis of three base concepts: the port-city relation; the “urban maritory”, that considers the habitable relation between territory and sea; and the role of urban-maritime design in givin effect to both of them, protecting Valparaiso destiny. The proposal is constructed in base to physical models, to check the hipotesis of teorical design. The models are constructed applying “dimentional analysis and dinamic likeness”, with laboratory exams, through a maritime platform, and waves canal; you verify, correct and adjust systematically the design, by prouf and error. The results are: The Park Port Aconcagua (2011); Sea Park Port Baron (2014) and Park Port Valparaiso (2017), in the recovery of Valparaiso maritime destiny.

Port authority corporate social responsibility (CSR) and perceptions of entrepreneurs and port enterprises

Introduction: The Spanish Ports Act of 2010 (33/2010) is one of the ground-breaking laws that obliges Port Authorities, which are public institutions, to pursue sustainable development, justify the actions undertaken and disclose their results in annual Sustainability Reports. Methodology: Structural Equation Models (sem) were used with an unobserved dependent variable: “the values or transmission of the port authority’s values” and two latent explanatory variables: “Relational climate with port authorities” and “Environmental conditions in the port”; the parameters have been estimated by the maximum likelihood procedure. Results: The results of the Structural Equation Model (sem) applied in this study confirm the existence of a direct and positive relationship between the climate of relations and the port authority’s ethical values, and an additional direct effect of the environmental value on the endogenous variable, which produces an unexpected negative value. Conclusions: The results show that the Social Responsibility report is a necessary tool to explain how the Port Authorities carry out Social Responsibility actions, but it is also perceived that they are of little practical use, as they are too technical and non-binding for the stakeholders.

Forming and Development of the Port Logistics Service Supply Chain

In the development of modern logistics, ports which are the hub of land and water transportation of goods, have been playing a more and more significant role in international trade and logistics. In order to form logistics service supply chain alliance of port enterprises, enhance service efficiency of port logistics, it finds out that there are shortage in some aspects by investigating and comparing, including development layout of port service, basic establishment, standard of logistics and technology training and supply chain alliance construction progress. On the basis, in the era of supply chain management or Port Logistics, it provides some suggests for building the alliance in ports service supply chain. These suggestions can provide some advantage for port logistics development.

KEWENANGAN PT. PELABUHAN INDONESIA II (PERSERO) CABANG PANJANG DALAM PENGELOLAAN LAHAN KEPELABUHANAN (Study Pemisahan Regulator dan Operator Pelabuhan)

The authority PT. Pelabuhan Indonesia II (Persero) Cabang Panjang in land management Ports after enactment Law Number 17 of 2008 on Shipping have experienced changes. Where the scope of portland management includes the formulation of Port Master Plan, the provision of portland, port monitoring land use, and exploitation of the portland. The results showed that the scope of authority land management port is a portland concession. it relates to the status of PT. Pelabuhan Indonesia II (Persero) Cabang Panjang as a Badan Usaha Pelabuhan(BUP) which has the function of a role as a port operator. As for the formulation of the Port Master Plan, the provision of portland, port monitoring land use under the authority of the Port Authority which has the function of a role as a regulator. In a land concession pass port, PT. Pelabuhan Indonesia II (Persero) Cabang Panjang is not included in the Port Enterprises whose business activities can run only after getting the concession of the port authority. Because granting concessions only to Port Business Entities are new. In addition, in article 344 paragraphs (2) of Law Number 17 of 2008 on Shipping provides legal certainty on the legal status of SOEs Ports presence in the business activities of port services. Keywords: Authority, the Port Authority, PT. Pelabuhan Indonesia II (Persero) Cabang Panjang

Risk assessment of port competitiveness based on vague soft sets

Assessment of risk that can put a port enterprise in a competitive disadvantage has increasingly become more important for port managers due to the forces of liberalisation and deregulation of international maritime business. Nonetheless, the competitive risk facing the port enterprise cannot be measured accurately by conventional methods as these techniques have some limitations in measuring vagueness, uncertainty, impreciseness and inability of defining the problem parameters precisely. In this study we therefore develop and apply an assessment model-based vague soft sets to measure the competitive risk facing the Dar es Salaam Port - Tanzania. The model's numerical results reveal that the competitive risk facing the port subject to performance enhancement is ubiquitous albeit moderate. Thus, the findings are valuable to the Dar es Salaam Port decision makers for strategic planning on competitive risk management.

The issue of evaluation of a competitive position of a port enterprise. A case study of Bulk Cargo-Port Szczecin

Competitiveness of seaports is a complex issue. It may be viewed from the level of the whole region, the port itself as well as an individual port enterprise. To assess competitiveness of a port, four elements should be accounted for: evaluation of competitiveness potential, identification of factors of competitive advantage, indication of instruments of competing, and evaluation of the port's competitive position. The article discusses the individual stages of the port's competitiveness assessment and proposes adequate factors and metrics of competitiveness. On that basis, competi­tiveness of the Bulk Cargo-Port Szczecin enterprise was evaluated.

Port Logistics Policies Evaluation Based on Difference-in-Difference Model

In order to study port logistics policies’ impact on related entities of port logistics, this paper try to use difference-in-difference model (DID model) in port logistics policy evaluation. Reviews related port logistics policies announced recent years in China, evaluates the policies impact on public port enterprises, and demonstrates the feasibility of using DID model to evaluate the port logistics policies. Based on whether a public port enterprises develop port logistics business, defines the public port enterprises which develop port logistics business as the experimental group, others as the control group, and establishes DID mo del and evaluates the policy influence. Evaluation results show that the port logistics policies have a negative impact on t he gross profit of the experimental group, and DID model can be used in port logistics policies evaluation. Perhaps the strengthening of infrastructure construction, diversification and expansion of development channels enhance the operating costs of port enterprises in short-term and result in short-term earnings decline.

Structure Optimization of Safety Investment of Petrochemical Port Enterprises

Safety investment is an essential guarantee to identify and manage potential security problems in petrochemical port enterprises. The reasonability of safety investment structure determines overall security risks in an enterprise. Based on the definition of risks, combining Cobb-Douglas production function with FTA probability model, and taking Gompertz curve model as the constraint condition, structure optimization model of safety investment is built in order to minimize risks and work out the safety investment structure of petrochemical port enterprises. According to the case study, the calculations indicate that safety investment in corporate management presents a larger growth rate than past years and that unsafe act of human being is the main factor accounting for the greatest probability of occurrence, which is consistent with previous accident investigation results as well as enterprise reality. This testifies that the model is effective and that the results can guide the allocation of safety investment of petrochemical port enterprises scientifically.

Research of Port Machinery’s Maintenance Scheduling Based on Service Age with Multiple Maintenance Modes Concern

Equipment management is important for enterprise management, and maintenance management for the equipment is the core of equipment management. In the equipment-intensive port enterprises, the efficiency of equipment maintenance and management of port machinery directly affects the fluency of port operations, which becomes an important indicator of port competition. Among the current maintenance management theories, the reliability-centered theory is attracting more and more attention. In practical decision, in order to reasonably arrange the maintenance and lessen the number of equipment’s downtime, we plan to use different maintenance modes for equipment maintenance. In this paper, we propose multi-mode maintenance for the port equipment based on the service-age analysis. According to the workload of the port machinary, the maintenance mode is selected rationally to minimize the total maintenance cost as well as satisfy the operation capacity of the port. The total maintenance cost includes the preventive maintenance cost, repair cost and replacement cost. In this paper, the model is solved by enumeration method, and the optimal solution is obtained. In addition, the model is tested by several numerical examples.

ФАКТОРИ ВПЛИВУ НА ІННОВАЦІЙНУ ДІЯЛЬНІСТЬ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ ПОРТОВОЇ ГАЛУЗІ

In the research were considered the factors of innovative development of the enterprise and the assessment of their impact on innovation activity on the example of the enterprises in a port industry. The key problems of the crisis state of scientific and technical sphere in Ukraine are revealed, among which are the state of legal regulation of scientific-technological and innovative activity, reduction of state allocations for science and search for alternative sources of financing in this sphere, almost complete lack of demand for research results during the economic crisis, a sharp decline in investment activity in the country, the lack of state science and technology policy. Researched factors influencing the innovation activity at the enterprise level and the peculiarities of their formation for the enterprises of the port industry, including: the strategic importance of the port industry in the national economy; the presence of high capital intensity of innovation and significant risks associated with the long- term implementation process; the existence of a close relationship and the need to for harmonize the innovative activities of the port enterprises with the work of the shipping companies, shipyards, freight forwarding companies, design organizations of various forms of ownership. The main problems that limit the effective functioning of port enterprises and their innovative development in terms of economic, political, legal, organizational and social nature are described. It is proposed to consider the formation of the indicators of innovation activity of the port industry enterprises in the context of a systematic approach to the areas of analysis in terms of indicators of influencing factors with a division into general and individual. The use of the above areas of analysis and a system of the interrelated indicators allows for systematic analysis to achieve optimal efficiency of innovation products, is the basis for creating information and analytical support for forecasting and identifying patterns and trends.

New distance measures on hesitant fuzzy sets based on the cardinality theory and their application in pattern recognition

As a generalization of fuzzy set, hesitant fuzzy set (HFS) permits the membership of an element to a set having a set of possible values. Distance is one of important tools in measuring the relationship between two HFSs. Based on the cardinality theory, some novel distances which take the cardinal numbers of HFSs into account have been introduced using the concept of “multi-sets.” The main advantage of the distance measures is that they can more objectively and universally measure the relationship between HFSs than the existing methods. Finally, the performance of the proposed distance measures is illustrated through two pattern recognition examples in port enterprise management and transportation infrastructure construction.

Occupational hazards to health of port workers

Objectives. The aim of this article is to reduce the risk of occupational hazards and improve safety conditions by enhancing hazard knowledge and identification as well as improving safety behavior for freight port enterprises. Methods. In the article, occupational hazards to health and their prevention measures of freight port enterprises have been summarized through a lot of occupational health evaluation work, experience and understanding. Results. Workers of freight port enterprises confront an equally wide variety of chemical, physical and psychological hazards in production technology, production environment and the course of labor. Such health hazards have been identified, the risks evaluated, the dangers to health notified and effective prevention measures which should be put in place to ensure the health of the port workers summarized. Discussion. There is still a long way to go for the freight port enterprises to prevent and control the occupational hazards. Except for occupational hazards and their prevention measures, other factors that influence the health of port workers should also be paid attention to, such as age, work history, gender, contraindication and even the occurrence and development rules of occupational hazards in current production conditions.

Influence of local government on port investment: implications of China’s decentralized port governance system

ABSTRACTThe pursuit of better performance by the local government can influence the investment decision-making related to port expansion. This paper compares the ceilings at which the port enterprise and the local government would stop making investments. To achieve this, the benefits to the port enterprise and the local government are measured over a given time period. An empirical study investigating how a port would respond if a rival port uses a type of capacity investment strategy is conducted for two major ports in Liaoning. The time at which the local government and the port enterprise would stop making investments and the final equilibrium are developed using the data from 2010. From the empirical results, it was found that investment in port capacity contributes greatly to the local government’s performance. Meanwhile, different investment ceilings are discovered for the port enterprise and the local government. This research is meaningful for discussing the institutional relationship between the local government and the port enterprise in China’s current decentralized port governance system.This paper is a revised and expanded version of a paper entitled ‘Port expansion mechanism in the context of political achievement of local government: a special phenomenon in China’ presented at International Association of Maritime Economists 2012 Taipei Conference during 5th September –8th September.

Basic Framework and Significance on the Economics of Port Safety

This article is based on drawing lessons from the basic theory of safety economics, such as the basic concepts, principles, theories, research methods, etc.; and is combined with the actual on the safety production of port enterprises. It has expounded the basic theory on the economics of port safety, such as basic connotation, subject investigated and research method; and has pointed out the basic features. The significance and value of research on the economics of port safety have been analysed in article. The basic framework on the economics of port safety has sketched in this article.