Porosity Tests Research Articles

Experimental investigation on multiscale damage characteristics of plagioclase amphibolite under water immersion

Water immersion significantly influences the mechanical characteristics of rock materials, with the degradation of these properties often leading to engineering hazards. Understanding the micro mechanism of rock-water interaction is crucial when evaluating the mechanical behavior of a rock mass. A series of multiscale tests were conducted to investigate the micro and macro behaviors of Plagioclase amphibolite, sourced from Gansu, China, under water immersion conditions. The results indicated that the micro particles transitioned from a flake-dispersed structure in a dry state to floc clusters after 20 days of immersion. The surface micro morphology was analyzed using a laser scanning machine, revealing a transformation from a smooth state to roughness, attributed to the emergence and swelling of numerous micro humps. The evolution of parameters such as the standard deviation of the height distribution (Sq), profile area ratio(Sdr), and the root mean square of the first derivative of surface (Sdq) demonstrated that the rock expanded uniformly, with the micro grains swelling to varying degrees. NMR-based porosity testing suggested an exponential increase in damage, leading to the interconnectedness of newly formed micro-pores with neighboring ones due to water immersion. Ultimately, the water-induced porosity doubled compared to the original porosity. Additionally, the axial swelling rate exhibited a corresponding increase in tandem with the growth in porosity, with an average value of 0.141 %. Finally, linear functions were established between uniaxial compressive strength, elastic modulus, and axial swelling rate. These findings offer a comprehensive understanding of the multiscale evolution characteristics of Plagioclase amphibolite under water intrusion.

Effectiveness of Cellulose Acetate Nanofiber from Banana Leaf Waste (Musa paradisiaca L.) as an Antibacterial Filter in Masks

The COVID-19 pandemic requires all people in Indonesia to comply with health protocols, from washing hands to wearing masks. Cloth masks are one of the masks that are widely used by the community. However, the public needs to pay attention to the rules of the cloth masks used. The purposes of this study were to produce an antibacterial filter on masks and to find out the effective and efficient processing of banana stems as an antibacterial filter on masks. Banana stems were chosen as the raw material because it is easy to obtain, has a cellulose content of ± 63%, and has antibacterial compounds in it. The stages of this research were sample preparation, phytochemical screening of banana stems, isolation of α-cellulose and synthesis of cellulose acetate from α-cellulose which were further characterized by using FTIR, manufacture of dop solution, manufacture of nanofiber membranes by electrospinning, and product application. The resulting product was then tested by pressure drop test, contact angle test, antibacterial activity test, SEM test, and porosity test. The test results showed that the resulting product was a nanofiber with a fiber diameter of ± 220.74075 nm, had antibacterial activity which was indicated by the formation of inhibition zone with a diameter of ± 14.8 mm in Escherichia coli and ± 9.8 mm in Staphylococcus. aureus, the filter is hydrophilic with an average contact angle of 60°. From the observations, it can be concluded that banana stems have the potential as an antibacterial filter on masks.

Effect of Variation in Pineapple Leaf Fiber Composition with Polyurethane Matrix in Composite Panels on Acoustic Properties and Porosity

Noise can cause medical, psychological, and environmental disturbances. One of the efforts to reduce noise is by using acoustic materials. Acoustic materials can be made using natural fiber composites. This study uses pineapple leaf fiber as fiber and polyurethane as a matrix that will be formed into a sound-absorbing composite panel. This study aims are to determine the effect of variations in the composition of pineapple fiber-reinforced composites with polyurethane matrix on acoustic properties and porosity, determine the effect of frequency on acoustic properties, and determine the relationship between porosity and acoustic properties. The method used in this research uses a characterization tool in the form of a one-microphone impedance tube and porosity test equipment. Composite panels are made by varying the composition of pineapple leaf fibers with polyurethane matrix with the ratio of pineapple leaf fiber composition to polyurethane matrix, namely 50%: 50%, 60%: 40%, 70%: 30%, 80%: 20% and 90%: 10%. Based on the research, it was found that the more the amount of pineapple leaf fiber composition is used, the absorption coefficient, sound transmission loss, and prostitution will increase while the reflection coefficient decreases. The higher the frequency used, the absorption coefficient and sound transmission loss will increase while the reflection coefficient decreases for all frequencies. The relationship between porosity and acoustic properties is that the higher the porosity, the absorption coefficient and sound transmission loss will increase while the reflection coefficient decreases

The needle penetration index for estimating the physico-mechanical properties of pyroclastic rocks

Preparation of suitable core specimens for physico-mechanical testing s not always possible, particularly for soft and clay-bearing rocks. Although several indirect test methods have been proposed to predict the properties of rocks, specimen preparation from soft rocks for some indirect tests is still difficult. For such cases, the needle penetration test has been developed. In this paper we present a study on the predictability of the physico-mechanical properties of pyroclastic rocks from the needle penetration index (NPI). The NPI, uniaxial compressive strength (UCS), Brazilian tensile strength (BTS), density, and porosity tests were performed in the laboratory on specimens from ten different locations in Turkey. Correlations were established between the NPI values and the physico-mechanical properties. Strong correlations were observed between NPI and both UCS and BTS. General correlations were found between NPI and both density and porosity.

Reservoir characteristics and controlling factor of tight sandstone in Shuixigou Group in Taibei depression, Turpan-Hami basin

The positive structure belts surrounding the Taibei Sag, Turpan-Hami Basin, have been the main targets for oil and gas exploration for years and are now left with remaining resources scattering in reservoirs adjacent to source rocks in the sag, where the Shuixigou Group with substantial oil and gas potential constitutes the primary focus for near-source exploration. Consequently, characterization of development and key controlling factors of reservoir space becomes a must for future exploration in the area. This study investigates the development traits, genesis, and controlling factors of the Xishanyao and Sangonghe formations in the Shengbei and Qiudong Sub-sags of the Taibei Sag with techniques such as cast thin-section observation, porosity and permeability tests, high-pressure mercury injection, and saturation fluid NMR analysis of reservoir rocks. The findings reveal that the Shuixigou Group in the Taibei Sag consists of lithic sandstone. Reservoirs in the group are mostly poor in terms of physical properties, with undeveloped primary pores dominated by intergranular dissolved pores as a result of a strong compaction. Comparative analysis of key controlling factors of the Sangonghe Formation reveals significant distinctions in sandstone particle size, sand body thickness, genesis and distribution, provenance location, and source rock type between the Qiudong area and Shengbei area. Vertically, the coal seams of the Xishanyao Formation exhibit heightened development with shallower burial depth and lower maturity compared to those of the Sangonghe Formation. Consequently, this environment fosters the formation of organic acids, which have a stronger dissolution effect on minerals to develop secondary dissolution pores, and ultimately resulting in better reservoir physical properties. Overall, the reservoirs within the Qiudong area of the Taibei Sag demonstrate superior characteristics compared to those in the Shengbei area. Furthermore, the reservoir physical properties of the Xishanyao Formation are better than those of the Sangonghe Formation. The research findings will provide valuable guidance for the exploration and development of lithological oil and gas reservoirs within the Taibei Sag.

Complex Effect of Portland Cement Modified with Natural Zeolite and Ground Glass Mixture on Durability Properties of Concrete

This article analyses the combined effect of a mixture of natural zeolite and ground soda lime silicate glass on the durability properties of concrete. The specimens were prepared by replacing 25% of the cement with a mixture of zeolite and glass at different proportions with zeolite particles of two different sizes and cured for 28 and 90 days. Chloride migration, the depth of water penetration under pressure, and freeze–thaw cycle tests were performed, and compressive strength was determined. The combined effect of the mixture on the composition and microstructure of the cement matrix was studied by analysing the results of XRD, TGA, SEM-BSE, and porosity tests. The test results showed that irrespective of the cement “dilution” effect, the mixture of additives had a beneficial combined effect: increased durability of concrete, a denser structure of the cement matrix, the formation of calcium aluminate hydrates, faster rate, and higher degree of hydration.

Mining Waste Utilization as a Sound Absorbing Material

The bricks used for construction purposes are not able to control sound. Although the old bricks are replaced by mining waste fly ash nowadays for waste management , the use of other mining waste as bricks is also a challenging factor. Hence, in this paper experimentation is conducted to find the best noise absorbing material by using different mining waste, like tailing waste iron mines. To improve sound absorbing property, porosity and water absorption tests are also conducted by adding rice husk.

Pore scale analysis for flow and thermal characteristics in metallic woven mesh

Metallic woven mesh screens are representative porous media with periodic structures, which have great application prospects in emerging technology and industrial equipment. However, the effect of their pore structure on macroscopic properties is not clear, which limits their large-scale engineering application. In this paper, to investigate the influence mechanism of stacking patterns and wire contact conditions on flow and heat conduction from the pore scale, a representative elementary volume model of the square-shaped plain copper micromesh was reconstructed according to the geometric parameters obtained by the optical microscope and porosity test experiment. Furthermore, based on the understanding of microscopic mechanism, the theoretical calculation model for macroscopic characteristics was proposed. The results show that the flow characteristics in meshes are mainly affected by stacked patterns. When ReK is 0.08 and 0.28, the flow in single layer and staggered stacked woven meshes transitions from Darcy flow to Forchheimer flow. In Forchheimer flow regime, neglecting the inertia force causes a maximum 50 % error for permeability calculation. The permeability empirical correlations for Darcy and Forchheimer flow are proposed according to Kozeny-Carman and Kozeny-like model. The z-direction effective thermal conductivity of copper woven meshes is significantly affected by wire contact conditions, the maximum value is from 2.5 to 13.5 W/(m·K). The z-direction effective thermal conductivity of tangent and gap contact conditions can be described by the ZBS model, while the random model is suitable for that of overlapped contact conditions. The x-direction thermal conductivity is little affected by contact conditions, the maximum value is 50.3 W/(m·K), but the tortuosity effect of copper wires should be considered for calculation. The calculation model of anisotropic thermal conductivity for single-layer woven meshes is established according to Kirchhoff's law, which is also extended to the staggered stacked woven meshes by introducing a compactness factor.

Differential Diagenesis and Pore Evolution Characteristics of Different Sedimentary Microfacies Reservoirs of Bioclastic Limestone: A Case Study of MB2-MC1 Section in X Oilfield in The Middle East

In order to clarify the differential diagenesis of different sedimentary microfacies of bioclastic limestone in Cretaceous M Formation in the Middle East and systematically analyze the characteristics of reservoir pore evolution, the data of regional geology, well logging, core, cast thin section, scanning electron microscope, three-dimensional CT and conventional porosity and permeability test are comprehensively used, taking MB2-MC1 section in X oilfield as an example, starting from the diagenesis and pore evolution of bioclastic-arene shoal, the characteristics of diagenesis of each sedimentary microfacies in different environments are analyzed, and the differential diagenesis, pore evolution process and its influence on physical properties are studied. It is showed that the reservoirs of MB2-MC1 section are mainly developed in the ramp shoal and platform margin shoal. The shoal facies can be further subdivided according to the type of bioclastic debris. The sedimentary microfacies determine the original fabric and bioclastic type of M Formation, and then control the diagenetic sequence and strength. Each sedimentary microfacies mainly experiences different degrees of mud crystallization and burrows in seawater environment, dissolution and cementation in atmospheric freshwater environment, compaction, pressure solution and dolomitization in burial environment. High energy microfacies have the characteristics of non-selective dissolution, mainly developing intergranular pores and intergranular dissolved pores. Medium energy microfacies have the characteristics of selective dissolution, mainly developing mould pores and intragranular pores. The medium-low energy microfacies have the characteristics of moderate cementation, moderate compaction and moderate-weak dolomitization, mainly developing intragranular pores and visceral foramen pores. The low energy microfacies have the characteristics of strong cementation, strong compaction and moderate dolomitization, mainly developing micropores, intercrystalline pores and visceral foramen pores, which are non-reservoirs.

Zinc ions and ciprofloxacin-encapsulated chitosan/poly(ɛ-caprolactone) composite nanofibers promote wound healing via enhanced antibacterial and immunomodulatory

Antibacterial and anti-inflammatory nanofibrous membranes have attracted extensive attention, especially for the cutaneous wound treatment. In this study, zinc ions and ciprofloxacin-encapsulated chitosan/poly(ɛ-caprolactone) (CS/PCL) electrospun core-shell nanofibers were prepared by employing zinc ions-coordinated chitosan as the shell, and ciprofloxacin-functionalized PCL as the core. The morphology and core-shell structure of the as-prepared composite nanofibers were examined by SEM and TEM, respectively. The physical structure and mechanical property of the electrospun membrane were explored by FTIR, swelling, porosity and tensile test. Tensile strength of the zinc ions-coordinated CS/PCL composite nanofibers was enhanced to ca. 16 MPa. Meanwhile, the composite nanofibers can rapidly release of ciprofloxacin during 11 days and effectively suppress above 98 % of S. aureus proliferation. Moreover, the composite nanofibers exhibited excellent guide cell alignment and cyto-activity, as well as significantly down-regulated the inflammation factors, IL-6 and TNF-α in vitro. Animal experiments in vivo showed that the zinc ions-coordinated CS/PCL membrane by means of the synergistic effect of ciprofloxacin and active zinc ions, could significantly alleviate macrophage infiltration, promote collagen deposition and accelerate the healing process of wounds.

Effect of fabrication techniques on mechanical and microstructural behavior of AA7075/SiC/ZrC hybrid composite

Aluminum composites are highly sought-after in the industrial sector due to their improved mechanical properties compared to their parent metals. The choice of fabrication technique has a significant impact on the mechanical behavior of the composite. This study investigated the mechanical behavior of an optimized weight-fractioned AA7075/SiC/ZrC hybrid composite using different fabrication techniques. Stir casting, conventional sintering, and microwave sintering methods were employed to produce the composites. By optimizing the ball milling parameters, a uniform distribution of reinforcement particles was achieved throughout the matrix material. XRD, porosity, microstructural, and mechanical tests were conducted on all three composites to analyze the major changes during fabrication. Remarkably, the composites fabricated through microwave sintering exhibited significantly higher strength than the other fabrication methods. Specifically, the microwave-sintered composites displayed a compressive strength of 389 MPa, a tensile strength of 321 MPa, and a strain-to-fracture value of 26%. In contrast, the stir-cast composites showed a larger scale of secondary phases, poor mechanical performance, and elevated porosity. Moreover, when considering the overall production cost associated with the different fabrication techniques investigated in this study, microwave sintering was the most cost-effective method for large-scale production. This suggests that microwave sintering offers superior mechanical properties and economic advantages regarding manufacturing expenses.

Effect of Starch Content on Morphology, Mechanical Properties, and Thermal Properties of Mullite-Based Porous Ceramic as a Candidate Filter in Aluminum Casting

Research on ceramic filters, needed in the aluminum casting industry because of their ability to filter inclusions, has been done. This study's primary material to make ceramic or local filters is kaolin. The manufacture of local filters in this study uses the dry press method. In this study, potato starch with a composition of 5%, 10%, and 15% acted as a pore-former in the local filter. The local filter burned to a temperature of about 1200°C to obtain the mullite phase. Local filter characterization used SEM, XRD, XRF, and DTA. Several tests were carried out in this study, including Permanent Linear Change (PLC) test, thermal expansion test, flexural strength test, and porosity test. The results obtained in this study show that pores on the local filter are not open, have a prolate shape, and have an average pore size of 10 to 55 m. Burning kaolin up to 1200°C proved successful in obtaining the mullite phase. Another result of this study, the more starch content added to the material, the greater the shrinkage and expansion of the material; the highest shrinkage value on the material is 0.17%, and the highest expansion value of the material is 0,29%, the 15% values owned by potato starch. It is different in the flexural strength value, which has the highest value with 0% potato starch at 14.14 MPa and the lowest value with 15% potato starch at 5.39 MPa.

Additive manufacturing of steel components by cold spraying

AbstractDesign of steel structures in the construction industry uses built‐up or rolled steel sections. These are processed as steel elements and connected together at joints. Massive and complex steel nodes such as those in steel frame bridges or truss structures are still manufactured by forging or casting to avoid weld seams in highly stressed areas. Since this is a manual manufacturing process, it results in increased costs and time. Cold spray (CS) technology has recently attracted attention in aerospace and automotive engineering for producing metallic, composite coatings as well as repairing the surface damage of components in service. Additive manufacturing by cold spraying can offer significant advantages with respect to other additive manufacturing methods due to higher material deposition rates (up to 14 kg/h), lower energy consumption, and deposition in solid state. So far cold spraying has not been used for 3D‐printing of typical steel constructions.In the preliminary test campaign, structural steel‐powder was investigated to evaluate their suitability for cold spraying in civil engineering applications. Simple flat specimens were used, and a range of metallographic and mechanical tests were conducted to determine the properties of the deposited coupons, such as the coating quality, layer thickness, the degree of porosity, micro‐hardness, and micro flat tensile test. This paper presents the results of the powder characterisation and the preliminary tests on the printed specimens.

The characterization of Pahae Natural Zeolite and its application on ammonium removal

A study was conducted to determine the morphology and structure of Natural Zeolite obtained from Pahae, Tapanuli Utara, Indonesia. The results of X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed that the zeolite contained primarily mordenite and clinoptilolite crystals. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy indicated the presence of TO4 ([SiO4]−4 and [AlO4]−5 groups), which appeared at a wavenumber of 1045.42 cm−1 and shifted to 1037.30 cm−1 after the hydrothermal process. Furthermore, porosity testing demonstrated that the samples exhibited higher porosity values with increasing hydrothermal temperature, leading to enhanced water adsorption. Chemical composition analysis using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) revealed an increase in silicate content from Pahae Natural Zeolite (PNZ) to Pahae Natural Zeolite–Hydrothermal Activated (PNZ-HA).

PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF FLY ASH ADDITIVE MODIFIED POLIESTER BASED MEMBRANE

Recently, Polyethersulfone (PES) polymer material based on flat sheet membranes reached much attention in membrane technology. However, PES polymer has low hydrophilicity. This study describes PES-based membranes incorporating fly ash as an additive. The first analysis was conducted by Fourier Transform Infrared, Scanning Electron Microscope, tensile strength, and porosity tests. Four membranes, including pure PES membranes, were prepared via the phase inversion process, namely MA–0, MA–0.1, MA–1, and MS–1. The characteristics of the membrane samples were analyzed in terms of chemical group, morphology, mechanical and membrane surface hydrophilicity. The characterization results show that additive incorporation increased pure water flux performance, and the highest pure water permeability increased up to 70% by the MA–1 membrane. Moreover, it increased by 19% compared to pure silica-modified PES membrane (MS–1). In addition, the MA-1 membrane at a pressure of 3 bar reached significant performance in the trend of pure water flux values because of these improvements in membrane characteristics. The membrane also shows a higher tensile strength with adding additives to the membrane prepared.

Characteristics of Concrete With Red Sand Mixture 80 Mesh Grain Size After Combustion

Research has been done on the Characteristics of Concrete with a Mix of Red Sand Grain Size 80 Mesh Post-burning. This study aims to determine the characteristics of concrete with a mixture of red sand grain size 80 Mesh Post-burning on the compressive strength, porosity and structure of the concrete. The test object is a cube of 15 cm x 15 cm x 15 cm with concrete quality K-225. In this study, variations in the composition of 80 mesh size red sand were made of 0%, 2%, 3% and 4%. After the concrete is 24 hours old, the mold is opened and given a sample code and treated in an immersion water bath. After going through an immersion period of 28 days, the concrete was burned in an oven with temperature variations of 400℃, 550℃, 700℃ and 850℃ and tested. The test methods used are compressive strength, porosity and Scanning Electron Microscope Energy Dispersive X-Ray (SEM-EDX). From the test results obtained the maximum average compressive strength obtained in concrete with a mixture of red sand of 4% with a temperature of 550℃. From the results of the porosity test, there was a decrease in the concrete with the addition of red sand by 4%. From the results of the SEM test, the concrete structure with a mixture of red sand has fewer and smaller cavities. From the results of the EDX test on concrete with a mixture of red sand, Calcium (Ca) and Stibium (Sb) elements have increased intensity when compared to normal concrete. From the XRD test results obtained elements - elements SiO2 (Silicon Oxide), Ca(OH)2 (Calcium Hydroxide) and CaO3 (Calcite) with the highest intensity is SiO2.

Comparison of Effects of Alkaline Activator Molarity and Cure Temperature for Geopolymer Synthesized from Alternative Laterite Sources

Geological source material remains one of the options for developing countries to participate in deployment of geopolymer material technology for environmental friendly infrastructure development. Geological source materials for geopolymer are heterogeneous in nature. This study sort to investigate and provide information for aggregation of repository comparative information on geopolymer specimen properties of alternative source material and their response to effect of alkaline activator molarity and cure temperatures. Pulverized 750°c calcined laterite obtained from two alternate sources were activated with alkaline activator solution of NaOH of 8M, 10M, and 12M with NaSiO3 and sterile water of ratio 7:3:3 were properly mixed at activator to source material ratio of 0.45. 50×50×50 specimen cubes were cast for density, porosity and comprehensive strength test for specimen cure at 27°c (room temperature), and 50°c and 90°c in oven temperature respectively for 28 days and 72 hours. The study shows that in each geopolymer specimen source material, the density of the specimen decreases with increased cure temperature while specimen porosity increases with increased cure temperature. Increased activator molarity increases the density of the specimen while specimen porosity does not follow a definite trend with activator molarity. Ekiti parapo pavilion laterite based geopolymer specimen has minimum density, porosity and comprehensive strength of 2.15 g/cm³, 5.27% and 1.74 N/mm². Geopolymer specimen based on polytechnic gate source material have density, porosity and compressive strength minimum values of 1.86 g/cm³, 11.46% and 0.58 N/mm2.. Their corresponding maximum values are respectively 2.40 g/cm³, 19.24% and 14.92 N/mm2 for pavilion based geopolymer specimens, 2.33 g/cm³, 26.08% and 6.90 N/mm².

Quality assessment of bricks produced in Chitwan District, central Nepal

Based on the physical, mechanical, and mineralogical properties of fire clay bricks from different brick industries of the Chitwan District, the quality of bricks was determined. The specific objective of this study was to assess the characteristics and comparison of bricks produced from different kilns. Both desk study and field study was carried out for this purpose. Parameters such as dimension, hardness, soundness, and impact were studied in the field for twenty brick samples obtained from each brick industry. Water absorption, apparent porosity, bulk density, and compressive strength tests were carried out in the laboratory, encompassing high and low quality of samples. Additionally, seven types of bricks were manually crafted using clay from those industries. For mineralogical analysis, XRD was carried out on seven brick samples each from seven different brick industries. IS standard was followed for various testing. The dimension test results showed that none of the samples meet the standard. Similarly, the laboratory test result showed that the bulk density of each brick sample increased with increasing compressive strength and decreasing water absorption capacity and apparent porosity. XRD analysis has identified mineral phases like quartz, hematite, and berlinite. Thus, this research tries to provide valuable insights into brick quality, strength and potential applications.

From by-product to sustainable building material: Reusing phosphate washing sludge for eco-friendly red brick production

Brick production is a major contributor to the construction industry, but the process requires a significant amount of non-renewable clay. To address this, researchers have explored incorporating waste materials into clay bricks. This study investigates phosphate-washing sludge (PS-K) as an additive in clay bricks and evaluates its impact on physical, mechanical, and thermal properties. Laboratory and pilot-scale experiments were conducted to determine the optimal quantity of PS-K for waste reduction. Five compositions with PS-K percentages ranging from 0% to 50% were prepared in the laboratory based on the raw materials' chemical composition. The bricks were shaped using a humic method, underwent drying and cooking processes, and underwent physical analysis, including bulk density, apparent porosity, and water absorption tests. Microstructural analysis was performed using a scanning electron microscope, while thermal conductivity and compressive strength were evaluated.Results showed that increasing PS-K content led to higher open porosity and water absorption in the bricks. At 50% waste content, the open porosity reached 52%, and water absorption reached 32%. The relationship between waste content and porosity/water absorption was nonlinear, with greater increases observed at higher waste contents. Incorporating up to 30% sludge met standard brick requirements.Pilot-scale experiments using the optimal 30% PS-K content demonstrated similar porosity and water absorption trends as observed in the laboratory samples. The bricks' extrusion shaping process and final appearance after drying were successfully demonstrated.This research provides valuable insights into utilizing phosphate-washing sludge in clay bricks, offering a potential waste management solution and reducing clay consumption in brick production. The findings demonstrate the feasibility of incorporating PS-K into bricks while meeting industry standards, contributing to sustainable practices in the construction sector.

Elevated temperatures erosion wear behavior of HVOF sprayed WC-Co-Cr/Mo coatings on Ti6Al4V substrate

The present research aims to investigate the effect of different impact angles and temperatures on volumetric erosion loss of WC-Co-Cr coating containing 10 wt% Mo. The composite coating was developed using High-Velocity Oxy Fuel (HVOF) process on a titanium substrate (Ti-31). A solid particle erosion behavior of the coatings is carried out at different impact angles (30°, 60°, and 90°) and temperatures (200 °C, 400 °C,600 °C, and 800 °C). The volumetric erosion loss of the coated samples was measured using an air jet erosion tester at high temperatures using Al2O3 as an erodent. The XRD, SEM/EDS, porosity, density, microhardness, bond strength, and scratch tests characterized the as-sprayed coatings. The 3D optical profilometer was employed to evaluate the volumetric erosion loss and the mode of erosion. The scratch resistance of WC-Co-Cr coating is better than WC-Co-Cr/Mo coating. The WC-Co-Cr coating shows a brittle mode of erosion up to 600 °C and a ductile mode of erosion at 800 °C. In contrast, the WC-Co-Cr/Mo coating shows a brittle mode of erosion at 200 °C and a mixed mode of erosion at 400 °C to 800 °C. The volumetric erosion loss of WC-Co-Cr is less than WC-Co-Cr/Mo for all temperatures and impact angles. The formation of oxide phases on the coating surfaces demonstrates erosion resistance at high temperatures. The results of volumetric erosion loss measured by the weight loss method correlate well with a non-contact type 3D optical profilometer.