Pore Distribution Research Articles

Combined antibacterial and antifouling properties of polyethersulfone mixed matrix membranes with zwitterionic graphene oxide nanostructures

AbstractThe impact of zwitterionic graphene oxide (GO‐Arg) nanostructures into polyethersulfone (PES) membranes was studied, aiming to perform mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) with combined antibacterial and antifouling properties. For this purpose, 0.25, 0.50, and 1.0 wt% of GO‐Arg were incorporated through the phase inversion method. The chemical composition reveals that the electrostatic interactions of PES, polyvinylpyrrolidone, and GO‐Arg occur by enhancing the CH/NH vibrations associated with the intrinsic MMMs and their combined antibacterial and antifouling performance. Well‐defined finger‐like morphology was observed, performing the pore distribution and the finger‐cavity inclination induced by the electrostatic charge of GO‐Arg. As a result, GO‐Arg MMM's hydrophobic properties decreased from 77.8° to 52.3°, inducing a partially hydrophilic surface and improved water flux. The isoelectric point of nanostructured membranes slightly changes by the charge modulation produced by zwitterionic GO‐Arg. The antibacterial activity against Gram (−) Escherichia coli was improved, closing the complete bacterial inhibition after 24 h. As a result, antifouling performance was improved, avoiding bacterial adhesion into the membrane surface and the possibility of promoting biofilm formation. Our results demonstrate that zwitterionic nanomaterials in MMMs perform the multifunctional capacity of materials, emerging as an effective alternative with potential application in wastewater treatment.Highlights The incorporation of zwitterionic GO‐Arg improves the mechanical properties of MMMs. GO‐Arg‐enhanced well‐defined porous finger‐like morphology in MMMs. GO‐Arg improves the antibacterial/antifouling performance of PES‐based MMMs.

Improvement of Soil Pore Distribution and Soil Moisture Content using Organic Matter Addition Technology

Background: Coffee plants in Sumbermanjing Wetan are commonly cultivated on dry lands that rely solely on rainfall as the source of water input that eventually makes them susceptible to climate change. The deficiency of organic material and water availability for these plants poses a significant challenge for coffee farmers in Sumbermanjing Wetan. Therefore, a research was conducted to investigate the addition of various organic matter through biopore infiltration holes in coffee plantations with the following objectives: i) to analyze the impact of applying organic matter on the distribution of soil pores and ii) to examine the effect of organic matter application on soil moisture content. Methods: The research was carried out in the Smallholder Coffee Plantation of Argotirto Village, Sumbermanjing Wetan District, Malang Regency. A randomized block design was implemented with five treatment groups, which included the control (P1), two biopore holes + manure (P2), two biopore holes + compost (P3), two biopore holes + green manure (P4) and surface-applied manure (P5), each repeated three times. The observed variables included the percentage of soil organic matter, pore distribution, available water capacity and soil moisture content. Result: The findings indicated that addition of organic matter in biopore infiltration holes enhanced soil organic material content, where treatment P4 (two biopore holes + green manure) exhibiting the highest soil organic material values in the first and third months after the application. The application of organic matter increased soil porosity in all treatments, where treatment P4 (two biopore holes + green manure) showing the highest available water capacity. This suggests that the utilization of organic matter can improve soil aggregation, thus increasing porosity and available water capacity. Consistently, soil water content at a depth of 40-60 cm tended to increase in the third month following biopore infiltration holes application, indicating that the addition of organic matter through biopore infiltration holes can enhance soil moisture at subsoil.

Application and Research of Multi-Scale Dynamic Diffusion Permeability Model in Different Coal Ranks

The spatial scale of coal mining and rock layer control is distributed between 10-10 and 107, spanning 17 orders of magnitude. There are multi-scale pore cracks from millimeter to micro and nanometers in the coal, and the pore size can reach one million times, which makes the coal permeability also show a multi-scale characteristics of millions and time. For the permeability of the coal seam, it is necessary to test and analyze the distribution of micro and nano pores and cracks in the coal [1]. CBM mining is accompanied by the dynamic change of adsorption pressure in coal and the complex deformation of multi-scale heterogeneous structure of coal, and the multi-scale deformation feature of pore fissure structure plays an important role in the transport of methane [2]. However, existing studies focus on treating coal as a homogeneous isotropic medium, without considering the influence of coal multiscale pore structure on permeability. The variation of heterogeneous degree of coal structure with structural scale and its influence on dynamic diffusion and permeability are rarely reported. Li Zhiqiang et al. [3] conducted an experimental-model-mechanism study of CBM gas micro-nano series multi-scale dynamic diffusion permeability. On this basis, the dynamic diffusion and permeability of different coal scales.

Pore structure characterization and permeability prediction of uranium-bearing sandstone based on digital core

The permeability of the ore-bearing layer is an important indicator affecting the in-situ leaching (ISL) of uranium-bearing sandstone, which is related to various factors such as pore shape, distribution, and size. In order to study the effect of pore structure on seepage in low-permeability uranium-bearing sandstone, CT scanning tests were conducted to create a 3D digital core based on scanning images and to calculate the fractal dimension using the box counting dimension method, which integrated fractal theory to define the core samples' pore structure. The permeability prediction was realized based on the porosity-permeability model and the fractal theory model. Results indicated that this type of sandstone is obviously characterized by pore connectivity, large differences in distribution, and strong microscopic inhomogeneity. The pores are dominated by micro- and nano-pores, as well as small pores, accounting for 90 %; macropores are few in number, but the diameters of their single pores are large. The distribution of pore structure in this type of sandstone exhibits a good fractal characteristic; the three-dimensional fractal dimensionality is 2.044–2.310. The porosity-permeability model was established, and permeability prediction was realized by combining the fractal theory to provide theoretical support for determining the values of well field parameters in ISL.

The Influence of the Aggressive Medium upon the Degradation of Concrete Structures: Numerical Model of Research

This article discusses the impact of the aggressive environment on the pattern of pore distribution, strength, and mass absorption of investigated samples. For this purpose, a physical and numerical research model has been developed based on Fick’s second law and Zhurcov’s theory. Consequently, computer tomography research revealed that pore redistribution was revealed in test samples due to exposure. The degradation model is proposed assuming that in the first stage of interaction between concrete constructions and aggressive medium, the product of interaction is accumulated in the surface of structures and pores. Interaction products in the form of needle-shaped crystals grow in time and create additional stress in the body of the structure, resulting in partial distribution of the surface of the structure due to the growth. In this state, the excretion of dissolved substances (in the form of citrate and calcium acetate), leaching of Ca(OH)2, and decalcination of CSH lead to a decrease in the strength of cement stone. Based on the developed numerical models, the dependences of aggressive environment impact on the on the parameters of the structure of cement composites at different exposure times were obtained. For the samples obtained during the activation of Portland cement in the electromagnetic mill, energy parameters of the destruction process are 1.85–2.2 times heavier than the control compositions. The samples obtained by activating Portland cement in the electromagnetic mill have a higher susceptibility to an aggressive environment (they absorb 1.8 times more energy per unit of time for structure transformation). However, the higher U-energy barrier (1.85 times greater than the control composition) provides both a longer term of exploitation and a lower kinetics of the change in the strength of the material.

Effect of precursor element composition on compressive strength of alkali-activated dredged sediment

The disposal of dredged sediment (DS) is a major challenge in urban construction projects, which is expected to be solved by alkali activation. For a long time, the lack of precise understanding regarding the precursor composition and reaction mechanisms has hindered the development of higher-strength alkali-activated dredged sediment (ADS) materials. This study investigates the impact of adjusting the element composition of the solid precursor (SP) on the uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) of ADS. Orthogonal analysis, as well as XRD, FTIR, Raman, and SEM methods, were utilized to examine the effects. The findings demonstrate that the molar ratio n(Ca)/n(Si) of the SP significantly influences the UCS of ADS, particularly during the mid-to-late stages of curing (≥7 days). Moreover, the polymerization degree of the product C(A)SH serves as a vital link between the macroscopic strength of the ADS samples and the microscopic elemental composition of the SP. The high content of Ca2+ and OH-, as well as the coordination of silicon-oxygen and aluminum-oxygen units, will promote the polymerization reaction in the system and form more CASH and CSH gels. Furthermore, as the polymerization degree of C(A)SH decreases, the pore composition and distribution in the sample become more complex, ultimately resulting in the deterioration of the macro-mechanical properties. These findings offer valuable insights for the solidification and comprehensive utilization of DS.

Experimental Study on Performance of Fibre Reinforced Nanosilica Concrete

Nanotechnology offers promising enhancements to concrete, with nanoparticles augmenting its strength, workability, and durability. This study focuses on employing nano-sized cement as a replacement for conventional cement, particularly utilizing nano-silica due to its beneficial pozzolanic interaction with cement hydration products. Nano-silica effectively modifies concrete's durability by refining pore size and distribution. Experimental investigations reveal an optimal nano-silica replacement dosage of 1.5% to 3% b.w.c , beyond which efficacy diminishes. Further improvements are achieved by combining 0.5% nano-silica with 5% silica fume and varying percentages of aramid, steel, and polypropylene fibres. Notably, the inclusion of 0.1% steel, 0.2% polypropylene, and 0.03% aramid fibres by weight of volume, along with 5% silica fume and 0.5% nano-silica b.w.c , results in substantial compressive strength enhancements, as demonstrated by experimental findings. Key Words: Concrete, Nanosilica, Mixing Technique, Aramid, Compressive Strength.

A novel reduced thermal conductivity ductility cement-based composite material with containing aerogels: Towards multi-function in buildings

Fully exploring and expanding the performance of building materials has become an important direction for the sustainable development of building materials. In this study, low-density silica aerogel (LSA) with a density of 74.3 kg/m³ and conventional silica aerogel (CSA) with a density of 141.6 kg/m³ were used as partial aggregates to prepare a reduced thermal conductivity ductility cement-based composite material (RTCDCC). Based on this, the effects of LSA and CSA at different contents on the compressive strength, four-point bending performance, water absorption, thermal conductivity, and density of RTCDCC were compared and studied. The results showed that when the aerogel content was the same, the influence of LSA on the mechanical and physical properties of the mixture was more significant compared to CSA. Furthermore, the mixture exhibits good ductility when the content of aerogel was less than 30 %. Additionally, the impact of different density aerogels on the internal pore distribution of the mixture was investigated through low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) tests, providing further insights into the reasons for the variations in performance between LSA and CSA mixtures. Notably, the RTCDCC prepared in this study not only has good compressive strength but also maintains a lower thermal conductivity, and an average comprehensive performance index (Icp) of 0.63, which promotes the application of aerogel in the realm of multi-function building materials.

Experimental investigation on fractal mechanism and shear failure characteristics of cement mortar at different curing ages

In this paper, the NMR and direct shear tests were conducted successively on cement mortar specimens with different curing ages (7 days, 14 days and 28 days). The porosity, shear strength, shear stiffness and shear energy of cement mortar are measured and analyzed through interpreting the pore distribution patterns and their corresponding fractal dimensions. The cross-sections of shear surface were characterized into point cloud data via 3D laser scanning and quantified by three dimensionless parameters (the root mean square value of the first derivative, root mean square value and joint roughness coefficient). The grey relation analysis (GRA) method and principal component analysis (PCA) is employed to analyze the relationship between the pore structures (i.e., gel pores, transition pores, capillary pores and pores or cracks) and distribution and the fractal dimensions. The results indicate that the shear peak strength is linearly correlated with the joint roughness coefficient. Compared to the fractal characteristics of pore size (T2 spectra) and pore distribution (MRI), we demonstrated that there is a strong correlation between the peak shear strength and the fractal dimension of shear fracture surface, which suggests that the quantitative characterization of internal pores and shear strength variations in cement mortar specimens can be achieved through the numerical values of fractal dimensions.

In situ self-crosslinking binder system − enhances the mechanical performance gain of composite energetic materials

To improve the mechanical properties of microscale composite energetic materials, as well as to investigate their detonation performance, we used Toluene Diisocyanate (TDI) as a self-crosslinking curing agent based on an oil-in-water emulsion binder. We then prepared performance test samples with various microscale morphologies using the Direct Ink Writing (DIW) technique. We compared the mechanical properties of composite energetic materials, such as nanoindentation, quasi-static compression, and adhesion, and examined their infrared spectra, micromorphology, pore distribution, mechanical sensitivity, detonation performance, and combustion performance. The results indicated that with the in situ self-crosslinking binder system, the elastic modulus and hardness of the material were increased to 5.213 GPa and 0.100 GPa, respectively, which corresponds to an increase of approximately 638 % and 370 % compared to the original binder system. In the compressive strength test, the maximum stress increased by 104 %, and the maximum strain increased by 311 %, while the adhesion strength was enhanced by about 37.8 %. The infrared spectroscopy analysis demonstrated changes in the molecular structure due to in situ self-crosslinking. The improved surface morphology and more uniform pore size distribution also led to enhanced detonation performance and safety performance, with a detonation velocity increase of about 7.8 %, an increase in the critical detonation corner by 10°, a reduction in the critical detonation thickness by about 60.8 %, and a decrease in the critical detonation size to 0.3 × 0.3 mm. The impact sensitivity was reduced by 12.5 %, and the friction sensitivity was decreased by 30 %. Additionally, the material exhibited faster burn rates and larger flames. These findings provide significant scientific evidence for the regulation of mechanical properties and detonation performance of microscale composite energetic materials.

Characterizing connectivity and tortuosity of pore network based on LF-NMR method to assess the water permeability of white cement mortar

To better understand the macro transport properties and durability of cementitious materials, their microstructure should be characterised more accurately. This study investigated white cement mortars with different water-cement ratios, sand volume fractions, and curing ages. The water permeability was measured using a self-manufactured facility. The low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR) technique combined with the displacement method was used to test the pore size distributions (PSD) of total pores and connected regions. Two-dimensional mortar and pore-based matrix models were established to obtain the tortuosity of the transport path. The results show that the pore connectivity of the mortar ranges from 32 % to 52 %, and the tortuosity ranges from 1.428 to 1.542. The pore connectivity was spatially sensitive, and small pores were densely connected, linking large pores to form a pore network. Although capillary pores dominate the permeability, the role of gel pores cannot be ignored. Considering gel pores can improve the accuracy of the predicted water permeability by 80 %. The relative error of the modified model is [-23.76 %, 37.19 %], which shows a significant improvement.

A gradient electrospinning electrode structure both in the in/through-plane directions for non-aqueous iron-vanadium redox flow battery

To boost the performance of non-aqueous redox flow batteries (RFBs), it is important to synergistically improve the flow/mass transfer efficiencies and the uniformity of overpotential distribution into the porous electrode. In this work, electrostatic spinning technology is developed to propose a novel porous electrode with gradient pore distribution both in the in-plane and through-plane directions, and applied in deep eutectic solvent (DES) electrolyte-based iron-vanadium RFB. On the one hand, the new in-plane gradient design modifies the distribution of reactive species of electrode near the membrane side, resulting in the decreasing polarization loss. On the other hand, the increasing porosity of electrodes from the flow field side to the membrane side attains a trade-off between the charge transfer and the electrolyte flow resistances. According to the experimental results, compared to the graphite felt electrode, the energy efficiency of this RFB with three-dimensional gradient electrode improves by 74.2 % at a current density of 10 mA·cm−2. Moreover, the numerical simulation reveals the reactive transfer behaviors of three-dimensional gradient porous electrode. The results show that the proposed three-dimensional gradient design can enhance the uniformity of overpotential distribution and achieve the decrease of polarization resistance, thus improving the performance of DES electrolyte-based iron-vanadium RFB effectively.

Hierarchical Gradient Structural Porous Metamaterial with Selective Spectral Response for Daytime Passive Radiative Cooling

AbstractPorous photonic structures have greatly advanced large‐scale radiative cooling application owing to its satisfying optical properties, easy‐designation, and low cost. However, current reported porous radiative cooling materials mainly focuses on uniform or random pore distribution structure, which failed to achieve precise spectrum control for sunlight and mid‐infrared light, thereby weakening the radiative cooling performance. Herein, gradient structural porous metamaterials (GSPMs) are proposed and successfully constructed for maximizing cooling effectiveness based on step‐by‐step freeze‐casting technology. The designed GSPMs with gradient micro‐nano porous structure can wide‐range scatter entire solar spectrum while possess gradual refractive index transition to increase air‐medium interface absorption at mid‐infrared regions. Notably, solar reflectivity and mid‐infrared emissivity of GSPMs reach 97.3% and 97.6%, achieving maxinum cooling temperature of 8.7 °C and net cooling power of 94.1 W m−2, presenting a higher cooling effect than random porous materials. Moreover, GSPMs enable achieve compatibility with color aesthetic and cooling superiorities due to selective spectra response behavior, as well as can be applied in building materials, realizing efficient energy saving and CO2 emission reduction. This work proposed gradient porous structure can achieve highly efficient daytime radiative cooling, offering new possibilities in the structure design of next‐generation porous radiative cooling materials.

Tailoring high-magnesium cements for enhanced carbonation hardening and CO2 sequestration

The reduction of CO2 emissions from the cement industry remains a major challenge worldwide. This study investigates the feasibility of using high-magnesium limestone to prepare high-magnesium and low-calcium cementitious materials (HM-LCCs) with improved carbonation reactivity and CO2 sequestration capacity. The carbonation reactivity, hardening properties, phase assemblage, microstructure, and pore distribution of HM-LCCs synthesized with varying proportions of high-magnesium limestone were characterized by XRD, TGA, FT-IR, SEM, and LF NMR. It is found that with increasing substitution of high-magnesium limestone, the main mineral phases in clinker transformed from C2MS2 to C3MS2 and eventually to β-C2S and MgO, along with markedly enhanced grindability. The carbonation reactivity and degree increased progressively with increasing substitution of high-magnesium limestone. Properly tailored HM-LCCs exhibited excellent strength development up to 94.56 MPa after carbonation, dense microstructure, and significantly higher CO2 uptake. This study provides new insights into developing low-carbon cement by utilizing high-magnesian raw materials. The carbonation hardening and CO2 sequestration capacity of cement can be optimized by tailoring the Mg/Ca ratio and calcium silicate phase assemblage.

Eco-friendly preparation of nitrogen-doped porous carbon materials for enhanced solid-state supercapacitor device

In the last years, researchers all over the world have been looking for biomass-derived porous carbon materials, due to the possibilities for large-scale synthesis, easy to control the pore structure, and high specific surface area. Activated heteroatom doped porous carbon (AHPC) with a high porosity was made by treating inexpensive waste Ficus elastica leaves with a base. The electrochemical performance of the produced activated carbon has been evaluated in various electrolytes, including basic, neutral, and acidic electrolytes. At a current density of 1 A/g in the acidic electrolyte, the specific capacitance of the activated carbon AHPC electrode is higher, 456 F/g, compared to other electrolytes. The symmetric supercapacitor device is built using PVA-H2SO4 gel electrolyte, and its electrochemical performance is evaluated. In addition, the energy density of the built symmetric supercapacitor device is higher than the existing commercial supercapacitors, achieving 62 Wh/kg at a power density of 15.2 kW/kg. This is because the porous carbon has a hierarchical pore distribution and a heteroatom-enriched structure, which allows for rapid charge/mass diffusion channels, and a vast ion-accessible network.

Study on improvement of impermeability of strongly weathered phyllite by microorganisms

The technology of strengthening weakness rock based on microbial mineralization has been widely concerned by researchers and engineers in recent years. The uniaxial compressive strength, permeability and microscopic physical properties of strongly weathered phyllite treated by microorganisms were investigated in this study. The microstructure study were conducted using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results show that effective cementation is generated in weathered phyllite due to the microbial induced carbonate precipitation in the process of microbial modified weathering of phyllite, which can increase the strength up to 39 % of treated phyllite. The NMR results proved that the stone content can significantly affects the pore distribution of improved phyllite samples. The porosity is significantly reduced after adding microorganisms for improvement, the permeability changes from 0.019 to 0.022 md with different treatments in this study. A high stone content can promote the adhesion of microorganisms, which is conducive to the formation of calcium carbonate. Both excessively high or low levels of calcium chloride and urea can significantly affect on microbial and enzyme activities. The XRD results confirm the calcite which generated by the microbe-induced carbonate precipitation. Although the calcite content is low but with a wide distribution range, which can effectively decrease the porosity and permeability. That is to say, the wide distribution of calcite can improve the strength of weathered phyllite.

A New R35 and Fractal Joint Rock Typing Method Using MICP Analysis: A Case Study in Middle East Iraq

Reservoir characterization in carbonate formations plays a crucial role in understanding the complex pore structures and permeability properties. While absolute pore-throat radius (APTR) and R35 have been widely accepted in pore-scale rock typing, they fall short of providing detailed pore-throat distribution (PTD) information. To address this limitation and enhance PTD indication during rock classification, we introduce a novel approach—the R35 and fractal joint rock typing method—incorporating a new parameter, Dn (fractal dimension). This method is developed based on the analysis of mercury injection capillary pressure (MICP) data obtained from 20 carbonate samples in the Middle East, specifically Iraq. We delve into the discussion of APTR and R35 methods, employing both PTD and thin-section images to gain comprehensive insights into rock typing. Our approach incorporates a whole curve fractal-based model to determine the fractal dimension, Dn. The analysis reveals that Dn in each R35 rock type exhibits a decreasing trend with higher Hg intrusion peaks and wider pore-throat radius, providing valuable information on the distribution of pores within the rock samples. Furthermore, we extend our analysis to include the surface fractal dimension, Ds, obtained through two-dimensional (2D) fractal analysis on typical pores in binary thin-section images. The consistent decreasing trend of Dn aligns with the findings from Ds analysis, underscoring the effectiveness of parameter Dn in capturing the intricate pore structures within carbonate formations. Our results suggest that parameter Dn has the potential to serve as a standalone criterion in rock typing, eliminating the need for pretyping by R35 or APTR. The versatility of Dn as an indicator of pore distribution and complexity underscores its significance in advancing our understanding of carbonate reservoirs. As a recommendation, further exploration through additional fractal-based analyses is encouraged to solidify the role of parameter Dn in becoming a pivotal factor in the evolving field of rock typing.

Static and dynamic fracture toughness of graphite materials with varying grain sizes

Graphite materials play critical roles as moderators, reflectors, and core structural components in high-temperature gas-cooled nuclear reactors. During the reactor operation, graphite materials may experience a variety of loads, including thermal, radiation, fatigue, and dynamic loads, potentially leading to crack initiation and propagation. Therefore, it is imperative to investigate their fracture properties. Despite this, there remains a paucity of comprehensive studies on the fracture toughness of graphite materials with varying grain sizes, particularly concerning dynamic fracture toughness. This study addresses this gap by employing a digital-image-correlation-based virtual extensometer to analyze crack propagation in graphite materials of different grain sizes, enabling precise measurement of crack propagation length and fracture toughness. Findings reveal that static fracture toughness increases with larger grain sizes, while under dynamic loading, smaller grain sizes exhibit greater fracture toughness. Additionally, dynamic fracture toughness shows a near-linear increase with impact speed. Scanning electron microscopy analysis of fracture surface morphology highlights the impact of grain size and impact speed on fracture toughness. Nuclear graphite specimens with larger grain sizes have more irregular grain and pore distributions, enhancing crack deflection and propagation resistance, thereby increasing fracture toughness. The observed loading rate dependence of dynamic fracture toughness is attributed to a gradual transition from intergranular to transgranular fracture modes with increasing impact speed.

Multifractal characterization of fried foods pore microstructure

This study aimed to unravel the multifractal properties of internal microstructure in relation to textural evolution of meat-analog (MA) based coated fried foods. Wheat and rice flour-based batters were used to coat MA model that was deep fried at 180 °C for 2, 4 and 6 min in canola oil. Internal pore microstructures were investigated by X-ray microtomography based multifractal analysis (MFA) and texture were assessed by mechanical texture analyzer. Results showed that batter coatings greatly influenced the formation of internal microstructure during frying as well as post-frying mass redistribution and textural evolution. The frying time impacted the evolution of micropores, and porosity showed a positive correlation with the fat content of MA-based fried products. Porous, low-moisture and high-fat containing coated fried MA-based product demonstrated higher textural stability. Internal microstructure (pore distribution) of fried MAs were heterogenous and possessed multifractal scaling behavior, as depicted by MFA outcomes (Singularity & Rényi spectra). Strong correlation observed between moisture-fat, texture, porosity and selected multifractal parameters (Δα, Δfα, R-L, D1, D2, ΔD).

ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ ИНТЕГРАЛЬНОЙ И ДИФФЕРЕНЦИАЛЬНОЙ ПОРИСТОСТИ ЖАРОСТОЙКИХ БЕТОНОВ УСОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАННЫМ МЕТОДОМ КАПИЛЛЯРНОЙ КОНДЕНСАЦИИ

The article discusses the method developed by the authors for assessing the distribution of pores by their sizes, which consists in obtaining a desorption isotherm of a material that is previously completely saturated with liquid sorbate, which fills all the pores of the material. In this case, complete saturation is achieved not in the process of capillary condensation, but by saturation of the material during vacuuming.