Pore Closure Research Articles

Lithology, pore-filling media, and pore closure depth beneath InSight on Mars inferred from shear wave velocities

Lithology, pore-filling media, and pore closure depth beneath InSight on Mars inferred from shear wave velocities

Influence of Friction Stir Processing on the Friction, Wear and Corrosion Mechanisms of Solid-State Additively Manufactured 316L Duplex Stainless Steel

Friction stir processing (FSP) was employed as a post-surface processing technique to modify the tribological and corrosion behavior of cold-sprayed (CS) 316L SS deposits. Results indicate that the effect of FSP induced an austenitic phase transformation due to the combination of frictional heat and plastic deformation. Consequentially, the friction of the CS deposit after FSP decreased by 8.3%. Similarly, the wear rate was reduced by 55.1%. These properties were improved mostly due to the closure of pores (yielding a 99.97% density) and localized grain refinement. Electrochemical measurements revealed that the corrosion rate was reduced by ∼65%. Also, the pitting corrosion resistance (Epit – Ecorr) increased, which can be majorly attributed to the densified surface and full austenitic phase transformation after FSP. Compared to the other samples, the highest polarization resistance at the corrosion potential (Rpol) was obtained for the FSP CS 316L SS. Based on these findings, it can be inferred that FSP is a viable method to improve the tribological and corrosion behavior of CS 316L SS deposits.

Long‐Term Reoxidation of Hot Briquetted Iron in Various Prepared Climatic Conditions

The application of hot briquetted iron (HBI) in the electric arc furnace (EAF) is a promising method to obtain high‐quality steel products with a guaranteed purity level. However, during the long‐term transportation and storage, the HBI will be partially reoxidized, resulting in a loss of metallization degree. Herein, long‐term reoxidation behaviors of commercial HBI under various prepared climatic conditions are investigated. The results show that HBI exposed to ambient air conditions develops nearly no reoxidation. However, interval and cyclic wetting and drying of HBI lead to the worst metallization loss problem, which must be avoided. Based on morphological analysis, the reoxidation is supposed to occur at the surface and then spread into the center area through cracks or pellet boundaries. The reoxidation gradually decreases the porosity of HBI by the closure of cracks and pores with rust but shows little influence on its physical strength.

Modeling Dynamic Gradual and Rate Dependent Closing and Opening of Pores in Porous Materials

Most models for dynamic deformation of porous materials assume that under compressive loading, pore closure is instantaneous. Such an approach is sometimes known as the snowplough model.  But pore closing, as well as pore opening, is a relatively slow mechanical process that involves fracture, plastic flow and material motion on the mesoscale. As a result, a shock loaded porous material may become overstressed relative to its quasistatic pore closing/opening curves. It is then plausible to assume that when overstressed, the material state point would fall back onto the quasistatic curve (in the pressure-porosity plane) at a rate that is an increasing function of the amount of overstress. In this way the pore opening and closing processes become rate dependent. Here we develop and describe such a rate dependent pore opening/closing model. The model includes: 1) an equation of state for porous materials based on Herrmann’s assumptions; 2) the quasistatic opening/closing curves; 3) rate functions for overstress relaxation; and 4) strength reduction of the porous material. We implemented our model in a hydrocode, and we show examples of some uniaxial strain (planar impact) runs.  

Towards enhanced sodium storage of hard carbon anodes: Regulating the oxygen content in precursor by low-temperature hydrogen reduction

• The oxygen content in esterified starch is regulated by low-temperature H 2 reduction. • The variation of oxygen alters the pyrolysis process and carbon microstructures. • Starch-derived hard carbon delivers a capacity of 369.8 mAh g −1 with an ICE of 82.5%. • The accessibility of closed pores plays a key role in enhancing the plateau capacity. The oxygen content of precursors plays a key role in regulating the structural stability and microstructures of hard carbon anodes towards sodium-ion batteries, but this is often neglected in the previous reports. Herein, we select the esterified starch as a model precursor and quantitatively regulate its oxygen content by low-temperature hydrogen reduction. Through the correlation analysis of oxygen content changes and the microstructural information of derived hard carbons, we find that decreasing the oxygen content of precursors but guaranteeing the stability of crosslinking structures can promote the closure of open pores and the orientated alignment of carbon layers at relatively low carbonization temperature (1100 °C). The optimal sample exhibits a low specific surface area of 2.96 m 2 g −1 and high proportion of pseudo-graphitic domains. The structural advantages of the hard carbon contribute to a high reversible sodium storage capacity of 369.8 mAh g −1 with an initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE) of 82.5% at 20 mA g −1 . Furthermore, in-situ Raman spectroscopy results demonstrate that pseudo-graphitic structures, with large interlayer spacing, provide sufficient diffusion channels for Na + ions intercalation and pore-filling. This work provides new insights for the microstructure regulation and design of other precursor-derived hard carbons.

Mechanical spectroscopy study of as-cast and additive manufactured AlSi10Mg

The AlSi10Mg alloy produced by casting (AC) and additive manufacturing (AM) technology of laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) has been investigated through mechanical spectroscopy (MS). In addition to the grain boundary peak PGB the Q−1 curves of both materials exhibit two other relaxation peaks, P1 (H = 0.8 ± 0.05 eV; τ0 = 10−11±1 s) and P2 (H = 1.0 ± 0.05 eV; τ0 = 10−13±1 s), depending on the interaction of dislocations with solute elements (Si and Mg). Relaxation strengths of P1, P2 and PGB of AM alloy are greater than those of the AC one owing to the finer structure of Al cells and the higher amount of Si and Mg in supersaturated solid solution induced by the rapid solidification typical of the L-PBF process. After successive MS test runs relaxation strengths of P1 and P2 peaks in both the examined materials decrease due to the precipitation of Si atoms and dislocation density recovery. Such decrease is more pronounced in AM alloy where change of cell shape and increase of cell size is observed. Dynamic modulus of AM alloy exhibits an anomalous trend in the first test run that is no more present in successive runs. The irreversible process giving rise to such anomalous behavior is the closure of pores of nanometric size.

Study on the Response Characteristics of the Pressure and Temperature Fields of Source Gas Injection under Loading Conditions.

To study the safety of the source gas in coal seams after gas injection displacement, choosing N2 as an example, the pressure and temperature field variation characteristics of the source gas in coal were studied via experimental research, numerical simulation, and theoretical analysis methods, starting from the variation characteristics of the gas pressure and temperature fields in the coal. In this work, 2–9 MPa stress was applied to the top of the coal samples. The experimental results indicated that during the coal loading process, the gas pressure and temperature in the coal generally exhibited a decreasing trend and that the pressure and temperature could increase in some areas due to pore closure and frictional heat generation, but the increase range was not significant. Based on the numerical simulation results, in the 200 min loading process, the gas pressure inside the coal body decreased by approximately 0.25 MPa and the overall temperature slightly decreased. Only the temperature near the borehole greatly changed, and the maximum decrease reached approximately 8 °C. Considering the experimental and numerical simulation results, under the condition of stress concentration, the pressure and temperature fields of the source gas injected into the coal body mainly revealed a decreasing trend and the possibility of inducing outbursts was low.

Resistivity Response of Thermally Treated Granite During the Compression Test.

To determine the stress and damage state of rock mass is important for many geotechnical engineering. To study the feasibility of resistivity measurement in characterizing the damage and stress state, the resistivity measurement, uniaxial compression test, and incremental loading–unloading compression test were carried out on granite samples with different porosities (induced by different treatment temperatures). Results show that the resistivity is very sensitive to thermal damage and mechanical damage during compression. The evolution of resistivity can not only quantify thermal damage but also clearly indicate the critical stress (crack closure stress and crack damage stress) and damage stage during compression. In addition, the resistivity evolution was quite different in the pore closure stage, elastic deformation stage, and unstable cracking stage during the loading–unloading process, which is useful in field stress and damage state identification for field monitoring. The conductive mechanism variation during compression was discussed using the Archie equation considering crack volume strain evolution during the mechanical damage process. Overall, the resistivity measurement holds great potential in geotechnical engineering for field monitoring.

NMRI online observation of coal fracture and pore structure evolution under confining pressure and axial compressive loads: A novel approach

Quantitative characterization of the spatial distribution, content and heterogeneity of fracture and pore structure (FPS) in coal reservoirs under confining pressures and axial compressive loads is significant for the engineering of coal bed methane. A novel online observation approach that combines nuclear magnetic resonance imaging with triaxial loading techniques is employed to achieve the visualization and full-scale quantitative characterization of the evolution of FPS in coals in the laboratory. The relationship between the stress states and FPS evolution was formulated. The results show that the spatial distribution of the FPS evolution process of coal samples can be divided into four stages: initial pore and fracture compaction closure, pore and fracture stable growth, pore and fracture unstable growth, and failure stages. As the deviatoric stress increases, the content of the adsorption pores, the heterogeneity of the adsorption space, and the gas adsorption capacity of coal samples gradually increase. In contrast, the seepage pore and fracture content as well as the permeability of coal samples decrease first and then increase. The heterogeneity of the seepage space of coal samples initially increases and then decreases. The maximum compression of seepage space and increase of adsorption space are 4.742% and 14.743%, respectively.

CRISPR-Cpfb1-Mediated Manipulation of EPFL9 in Oryza sativa for Increased Drought Tolerance as a Climate Change Adaptation Strategy: A Research Protocol

Introduction: As a result of climate change, increased drought incidence significantly affects the crop yield of rice, Oryza sativa. Given that rice serves as a staple food, adaptation strategies to combat climate change-induced drought are critical. Water retention is regulated by stomata size, stomata density, and the opening and closing of the stomata central pore. Previous studies have identified relevant developmental genes in the Arabidopsis thaliana model system, encoding for epidermal patterning factor (EPFs) and EPF-like (EPFL) signaling peptides, and their orthologs across various plant species. In barley (Hordeum vulgare), genetic manipulation of EPF1 has been shown to reduce stomatal density, resulting in improved drought tolerance. In rice, overexpression of OsEPF1 yields a similar phenotype. The purpose of our study is to develop a proposal for a method to increase drought tolerance of Oryza sativa in an effort to battle climate change. Methods: It has been shown that CRISPR-mediated editing successfully generated knockouts (KOs) of EPFL9—a positive regulator of stomatal development—in Oryza sativa. As such, we propose to downregulate EPFL9 via CRISPR-Cpfb1 gene editing in Oryza sativa. Our proposal includes the growth of genetically altered and control Oryza sativa under specific conditions, including drought conditions, in order to simulate a natural environment. Following the growth of the plants, we propose conducting tests to determine yield and growth in order to assess drought tolerance. Discussion: We expect to observe reduced stomatal densities and better drought tolerance in the mutant Oryza sativa samples. This should be observed in increased yield and growth from genetically altered samples. Potential implications of our proposal could include improvements in proto-plants developed in the agricultural sector, as well as providing a foundation for future studies to be conducted on drought tolerance. Conclusion: Our proposal uniquely addresses the impact of climate change on rice by potentially providing an opportunity to scale-up, generating a drought-tolerant rice plant for comparison with previous prototypes, and secondarily, the elucidation of stomatal development. Our proposal may open further opportunities to address and alter plant resistance to climate change.

Dual-Scale Porous Composite for Tactile Sensor with High Sensitivity over an Ultrawide Sensing Range.

Porous structures have been utilized in tactile sensors to improve sensitivity owing to their excellent deformability. Recently, tactile sensors using porous structures have been used in practical applications, such as bio-signal monitoring. However, highly sensitive responses are limited to the low-pressure range, and their sensitivity significantly decreases in a higher-pressure range. Several approaches for developing tactile sensors with high sensitivity overing a wide pressure range have been proposed; however, achieving high sensitivity and wide sensing range remains a crucial challenge. This report presents a carbon nanotube (CNT)-coated CNT-polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) composite having dual-scale pores for tactile sensors with high sensitivity over a wide pressure range. The porous polymer frame formed with dense pores of dual sizes facilitates the closure of large and small pores at low and high pressures, respectively. This results in an apparent increase in the number of contact points between the CNT-CNT at the pores even under a wide pressure range. Furthermore, the piezoresistivity of the CNT-PDMS composite contributes to achieving a high sensitivity of the tactile sensor over a wide pressure range. Based on these mechanisms, various human movements over a broad pressure spectrum are monitored to investigate the practical usefulness of the sensor.

Illuminating membrane structural dynamics of fusion and endocytosis with advanced light imaging techniques.

Visualization of cellular dynamics using fluorescent light microscopy has become a reliable and indispensable source of experimental evidence for biological studies. Over the past two decades, the development of super-resolution microscopy platforms coupled with innovations in protein and molecule labeling led to significant biological findings that were previously unobservable due to the barrier of the diffraction limit. As a result, the ability to image the dynamics of cellular processes is vastly enhanced. These imaging tools are extremely useful in cellular physiology for the study of vesicle fusion and endocytosis. In this review, we will explore the power of stimulated emission depletion (STED) and confocal microscopy in combination with various labeling techniques in real-time observation of the membrane transformation of fusion and endocytosis, as well as their underlying mechanisms. We will review how STED and confocal imaging are used to reveal fusion and endocytic membrane transformation processes in live cells, including hemi-fusion; hemi-fission; hemi-to-full fusion; fusion pore opening, expansion, constriction and closure; shrinking or enlargement of the Ω-shape membrane structure after vesicle fusion; sequential compound fusion; and the sequential endocytic membrane transformation from flat- to O-shape via the intermediate Λ- and Ω-shape transition. We will also discuss how the recent development of imaging techniques would impact future studies in the field.

Role of pressure and pore microstructure on seismic attenuation and dispersion of fluid-saturated rocks: laboratory experiments and theoretical modelling

SUMMARY Understanding the effects of pressure and rock microstructure on seismic elastic properties of fully saturated rocks is of considerable importance in a range of geophysical applications, especially at seismic frequency range. A recently proposed theoretical model of squirt attenuation and dispersion can be used to interpret the stress and frequency dependence of elastic properties on the basis of a triple porosity structure. The poroelastic model requires the knowledge of a variety of pore microstructure parameters, in particular, the compliant pores with a discrete distribution of aspect ratio. We performed laboratory measurements of (compressional and shear wave) velocity dispersion and attenuation, associated with the pressure-related closure of compliant pores on three dry and wet sandstones, to verify the effects of squirt flow arising from compressibility heterogeneities in the rock microstructure on the pressure dependence of dynamic elastic moduli and attenuation. Ultrasonic velocities experimentally measured on dry rocks were applied to extract pressure-dependent pore aspect distribution of compliant pores and the effective porosity of three types of pores with distinct aspect ratios, via fitting of the poroelastic model to the pressure dependence of elastic compressibilities. Under the assumption of frequency-independent dry elastic properties, inferred velocities and the associated attenuation of the saturated rocks from the forced oscillation experiments, which are still scarcely investigated, are in fairly good agreement with the predictions of the squirt model of three porosity types at seismic frequencies. The Gassmann's relation was found, nevertheless, underpredicts the ultrasonic saturated velocity measurements. The results validate applicability of the recently developed squirt model to account for dispersion and attenuation of phase velocities at varying effective pressures.

Effects of heterogeneous pore closure on the permeability of coal involving adsorption-induced swelling: A micro pore-scale simulation

Adsorption-induced swelling of coal matrix tends to close some of the pores, and thus can significantly lower the permeability of coals. The influence of such a heterogeneous pore closure on coal permeability remains poorly understood. This study elucidated the effects of pore size distribution, pore closure behavior and extent of pore closure on the permeability of the coal with widely-developed pore spaces using three-dimensional pore network modeling. By the comparisons of the capillary pressure and relative and absolute permeabilities associated with varying pore size distribution models, the coefficient of variation could be utilized as the principal parameter for microstructural characterization of pores, in contrast to existing studies which rely on porosity. According to pore closure simulations, the irreducible water saturation and residual gas saturation are sensitive to the pore closure behavior and extent. A model of relative permeability involving the effects of pore closure was accordingly proposed, which is available for utilization in reservoir simulators. A parameter describing the permeability decline rate, along with a method for the subsequent determination of the decline index, was advanced. The proposed method can provide superior permeability data for coals associated with pore closure originating from adsorption-induced swelling.

Metallic Scaffold with Micron-Scale Geometrical Cues Promotes Osteogenesis and Angiogenesis via the ROCK/Myosin/YAP Pathway.

The advent of precision manufacturing has enabled the creation of pores in metallic scaffolds with feature size in the range of single microns. In orthopedic implants, pore geometries at the micron scale could regulate bone formation by stimulating osteogenic differentiation and the coupling of osteogenesis and angiogenesis. However, the biological response to pore geometry at the cellular level is not clear. As cells are sensitive to curvature of the pore boundary, this study aimed to investigate osteogenesis in high- vs low-curvature environments by utilizing computer numerical control laser cutting to generate triangular and circular precision manufactured micropores (PMpores). We fabricated PMpores on 100 μm-thick stainless-steel discs. Triangular PMpores had a 30° vertex angle and a 300 μm base, and circular PMpores had a 300 μm diameter. We found triangular PMpores significantly enhanced the elastic modulus, proliferation, migration, and osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 preosteoblasts through Yes-associated protein (YAP) nuclear translocation. Inhibition of Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) and Myosin II abolished YAP translocation in all pore types and controls. Inhibition of YAP transcriptional activity reduced the proliferation, pore closure, collagen secretion, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and Alizarin Red staining in MC3T3-E1 cultures. In C166 vascular endothelial cells, PMpores increased the VEGFA mRNA expression even without an angiogenic differentiation medium and induced tubule formation and maintenance. In terms of osteogenesis-angiogenesis coupling, a conditioned medium from MC3T3-E1 cells in PMpores promoted the expression of angiogenic genes in C166 cells. A coculture with MC3T3-E1 induced tubule formation and maintenance in C166 cells and tubule alignment along the edges of pores. Together, curvature cues in micropores are important stimuli to regulate osteogenic differentiation and osteogenesis-angiogenesis coupling. This study uncovered key mechanotransduction signaling components activated by curvature differences in a metallic scaffold and contributed to the understanding of the interaction between orthopedic implants and cells.

New insights into the role of system sealing capacity in shale evolution under conditions analogous to geology: Implications for nanopore evolution

Closed and semi-closed pyrolysis of a lacustrine shale sample was conducted using the same instrument characterized by lithostatic pressure and limited reactive space in order to unravel the impacts of the system sealing capacity on organic matter occurrence and nanopore development in shales under conditions analogous to natural processes. The solid residues were subjected to organic geochemical measurements, low-pressure gas (N2 and CO2) adsorption tests, and field emission-scatter electrical microscope analysis. The results revealed that solvent extraction played positive and negative roles in the pore development of solid residues from both systems at different thermal maturities. Inorganic and organic pores were primarily filled or shielded by soluble bitumen at low and high temperatures, respectively. The occurrences of organic matter in solid residues from the two systems were different at lower temperatures but gradually evolved similarly at higher temperatures and were dominated by nanoscale interparticle organic matter. Organic pore occurrence in solid residues from the two systems was approximately comparable. However, differences in pore volume and specific surface area of solid residues from the closed and semi-closed systems increased measurably below 550 °C. At 550 °C, a strong mechanical compaction and overpressure environment caused deformation and closure of pores surrounding rigid minerals and pores associated with ductile minerals surrounding organic matter in solid residue from the closed system, while only a few pores surrounding rigid minerals from the semi-closed system deformed. Consequently, similar pore parameters of solid residues from the two systems were obtained at this temperature. Additionally, the variation in organic porosity of solid residues from the two systems has obvious stages based on mass balance calculation. The organic porosity evolution is collectively affected by system sealing capacity and thermal maturity at lower matured stages. In contrast, organic porosity evolution in solid residues is independent of system sealing capacity at high- and overmatured stages. Although the depositional environment is different, this study provides direct evidence that the difference in system sealing capacity is not the predominant factor leading to different organic pore developments in the Silurian and Cambrian shales in South China.

Role of pre-strain on the corrosion behaviour of Al-Zn-Mg P/M alloy

In the present study, Al-Zn-Mg alloy has been fabricated through the powder metallurgy route by keeping Zn content at 5.6% and varying Mg from 0% to 3%. The optimum composition of Mg was found to be 2% based on relative density, microhardness and microstructure. Al-5.6Zn-2Mg was subjected to deformation at various temperatures (300 °C, 400°C and 500°C) and strain rates (0.5, 0.05 and 0.005). Potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were used to assess the electrochemical behaviour of deformed preforms. Scanning electron microscopy was utilized to study the microstructure and corrosion morphology of Al-5.6Zn-2Mg under different conditions. In the present study, deformation behaviour (axial strain (εz), formability stress index (βσ)) has been related to mechanical (hardness) and electrochemical properties (corrosion rate, pitting potential (Epit)). By increasing deformation, potentiodynamic polarization results showed a decrease in corrosion current density (icorr) and an increase in pitting potential, which increased the corrosion resistance of the alloy. The corrosion resistance of the alloy increased significantly by increasing deformation temperature and lowering strain rate. Corrosion rate also decreases with an increase in axial strain and formability stress index. The corrosion mechanisms found in deformed preforms were pitting and intergranular corrosion. The corrosion morphologies also revealed the closure of pores due to increase in temperature and a decrease in strain rate.

Study on the crystallization behaviors and mechanical properties of reactive plasma sprayed TiCN coatings

In this study, nanostructural TiCN coatings were prepared by reactive plasma spraying micrometer Ti/graphite powders under atmospheric conditions, and the crystallzation behaviors and mechanical properties of as-sprayed coatings were discussed. The results showed that the mechanical properties of as-sprayed coatings depend mainly on the crystallization behavior and resultant morphology of the structure. The sprayed coatings were mainly composed of fully, partically and unmelted particles, which exhibit different crystallization characteristics. Overall, the sprayed coating mainly consisted of columnar grains accompanied by few equixaed grains, and the size of these grains are about 50–100 nm in diameter. In parallel to the substrate/coatings surface direction, columnar grains or columnar dendrites were observed at the partially/unmelted particles and edage of particles. However, in vertical to the substrate surface direction, the coatings were mainly composed of columnar grains accompanied by few equiaxed grains. These different crystallzation behaviors of surface and cross-section resulted in different properties. Especially, the tight columnar grains in cross-sections with multi-long-diameter ratios presented better deformation resistance than that of the surface. Besides, during the coating deposition process, some pores were retained in the coating as ‘close pores’ and thus the compactness of the cross-sections was higher than that of the surface. In this case, the micro-hardness and indentation toughness on the cross-sections were better than those of the coatings surfaces.

Effect of Relatively Low Levels of Porosity on the Plasticity of Metals and Implications for Profilometry‐Based Indentation Plastometry

Herein, the effect of dispersed (relatively low levels of) porosity within a metal on its plastic deformation is examined. Stainless steel samples, made via additive manufacturing, are used in the work. It's found that porosity reduces stress levels during yielding and work hardening, approximately in proportion to the pore content. There is no significant difference between the strength of the effect during tension and compression, although porosity does reduce the tensile ductility. Finally, the profilometry‐based indentation plastometry (PIP) methodology (for obtaining stress–strain curves from indentation testing) are used. Porosity tends to bring the inferred yield stress down more strongly than during tensile testing and give higher initial rates of work hardening. This is associated with high local strains near the indenter causing closure of pores, so that volume is not conserved during the test. The resultant reduction in the pile‐up around the indent creates errors in the inferred stress–strain curve.

Effect of in-situ layer-by-layer rolling on the microstructure, mechanical properties, and corrosion resistance of a directed energy deposited 316L stainless steel

In this study a novel micro-rolling set-up was installed on a directed energy deposition additive manufacturing system to achieve in-situ grain refinement and porosity closure. A 316 L stainless steel was investigated and it was found that even low micro-rolling loads were capable of increasing the part density from 99.7% to 99.98%. Martensitic transformations as a result of micro-rolling were not detected. Additionally, using a combination of X-ray diffraction and optical, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy techniques, it was found that micro-rolling resulted in a finer internal grain substructure, twinning, an increase in dislocation density, a reduction of grain sizes, a refinement of the cellular structures, and a randomization of the crystallographic orientation distribution. This resulted in an increase in hardness by up to ~ 23% and in yield strength by up to ~ 31%. More importantly, due to pore closure, improved mechanical properties were achieved without compromising ductility. As the segregation of solute elements to cell boundaries was also not affected by micro-rolling, the excellent corrosion resistance of the alloy was generally retained. Thus, this approach allows the fabrication of denser, stronger and harder 316 L parts without the need for additional post-processing steps such as hot isostatic pressing or thermo-mechanical treatments, while also maintaining ductility and corrosion performance. • An in-situ rolling apparatus was built into a directed energy deposition system. • Four rolling conditions were studied for the fabrication of 316 L stainless steel. • Porosity closure was achieved even with the lowest applied rolling load. • Higher rolling loads resulted in greater grain refinement and hardness. • This process minimizes the need for additional post-processing steps.