Populational Groups Research Articles

Global research evidence on nomophobia during 2008-2022: a bibliometric analysis and review

ABSTRACT Nomophobia, often known as a 21st-century disorder, is a recent condition that has received considerable attention, with numerous studies conducted to better understand it since it was first introduced in 2008. To better understand the present research status and prospects to assist practitioners, policymakers, and funding agencies in protecting the population from nomophobia-related harm, a bibliometric study of nomophobia-related publications was conducted. We used Scopus and dimensions.ai to perform a search between 2008 and 2022. The HistCite, R software, and VOSviewer were used to analyze the data and extract relevant keywords indexed in medical databases using mesh heading phrases. Between January 2008 and April 2022, 1,781 papers, 30 datasets, two grants, six patents, four clinical trials, and five policy documents were identified. The bulk of the articles included in this review were published after 2017 with the majority written in English. Most of the research focuses on determining the prevalence of nomophobia in various populational groups, such as students, clinical samples, and the general adult population. Several studies examined the possible association between nomophobia symptoms and other psychiatric or physical health issues, such as changes in sleep, learning and attention, academic performance, coping strategies, etc. The current body of research knowledge of nomophobia in the main includes epidemiologic and diagnostic effort that has provided mixed results regarding its assessment and prevalence rates, and appreciable data on its treatment and prevention are lacking.

Microbiological status of anti-SARS CoV-2 protective face masks

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic situation put extreme pressure on the worldwide medical system from medical personnel to medical equipment. The protective face mask became the front line of anti-SARS-CoV-2 prevention methods, used by most of the world population, more than 7 billion people. The massive demand for face masks activated the world market, where countries from different continents increased their mask production and commercialization worldwide. Unfortunately, the focus on face mask production mostly relied on their ability to filter small-size molecules and less on their microbiological sterile status. Since bacterial structural communities could differ between various large populational groups or continents, in this study, we analyzed the microbial quality of face masks received from various countries/continents. There were analyzed the microbiological load of four types of masks, three from China and one from Romania. The bacterial density from masks was analyzed by membrane filtration and swabbing bacterial collection techniques. The results showed the Romanian mask had a smaller bacterial load than the Chinese masks. In addition, the bacterial identification showed a wide range of bacterial strains, quite different between face mask types.

Feedback on audit and action planning for dental caries control: a qualitative study to investigate the acceptability among interdisciplinary pediatric dental care teams.

American Indian and Alaska Native children suffer from the poorest oral health of all populational groups in the United States. Evidence-based practices (EBP) for caries control are well established, but systematically implementing such practices have proven difficult. Audit and feedback with goal setting, and action planning to implement these EBPs have not been tested or adapted for Alaska Native healthcare settings. The aim of this study was to investigate acceptability and perceived feasibility of an audit and feedback intervention for pediatric dental caries control among dental providers and patient stakeholders. The pilot program was implemented in two dental clinics from a tribal healthcare consortium in Alaska. Key-informant interviews were conducted to investigate the contextual, organizational, and behavioral facilitators and barriers to the implementation and expansion of the program. Interview transcripts were analyzed by two researchers using thematic analysis. Eight key informants were interviewed twice (during and after the intervention period), and one once, for a total of 17 interviews. Patient stakeholders were not interviewed due to COVID-19 pandemic clinic closures and social isolation mandates. Three principal themes emerged: a positive organizational climate and culture fostered the acceptability of the program, the positive impacts of the program observed in the pediatric dental teams and the organization, and the challenges to implement the program including understanding the data reports, trusting the accuracy of the data, and competing priorities. The intervention of audit and feedback with goal setting and action planning was well accepted and perceived as feasible by the study participants given the financial and human resources provided by the research project. This qualitative study can inform the design and evaluation of process-oriented implementation strategies geared towards decreasing health inequities and improving health outcomes, such as dental caries in American Indian and Alaska Native children and adolescents.

Change of the Pattern of the Demographic Characteristics of the Patients with Endocarditis: Clinical Case of Infectious Endocarditis in Man with Injectible Drug Dependence, Complicated with Pneumonia and Peripheral Necroses of Feet, Arms, Nose (Own Clinical Observations and Experience of Education in State and English Language)

Infectious endocarditis is multisystem disease, which is the result of the infection (usually bacterial) of endocardial heart surface. Despite of the latest medical achievements in diagnostics and treatment, infectious endocarditis is still a disease with high mortality rate and severe complications. During last decades in developed countries there are obvious changes of demographic characteristics of the patients with infectious endocarditis, namely increasing of aged patients with degenerative valvular diseases, of patients with anamnesis of invasive manipulations and procedures. Beside with well known risk factors (artificial valves and implanted heart devices), there are increasing roles of injectible drug-dependence, human immunodeficiency virus and wide contact with health protection system as predisposing factors for infectious endocarditis. The article contains literature data of the main populational risk groups of infectious endocarditis. Clinical case of severe (fatal) infectious endocarditis in patient with injectible drug dependence is submitted. Special features of the case are peripheral dry necroses of feet, arms, nose, which are very close to the description of symmetrical peripheral gangrene. This rare disorder was first described by Hutchinson in 1891 in 37-year old man, who had gangrene of fingers, hands and ears after shock. Symmetrical peripheral gangrene can be induced by different infection and non-inflection causes. The majority of these cases are connected to the treatment of cardiogenic shock with disseminated intravascular coagulation. Submitted description of the case of symmetrical peripheral gangrene in patient with infectious endocarditis will be useful for different medical care specialists as a reminder of the necessity of constant monitoring of the skin color of the distal parts of the limbs in severe sick patients.

Hepatitis E virus seroprevalence in indigenous residents of the Hà Giang northern province of Vietnam

Vietnam is an endemic territory of the South-East Asia in terms of the prevalence of hepatitis E virus. However, the data on the prevalence of HEV infection among the indigenous population of Vietnam are limited, whereas the data on various minor ethnic groups are not available. Рopulation of the Northern province Hà Giang is characterized by ethnic diversity and consists of about 22 ethnic groups that have preserved their ethnic identity determining the features of their lifestyle and farming. The goal of the current study was to conduct a cross-sectional examination to assess prevalence of serological markers of HEV infection in the indigenous population of the Northern province of Vietnam, Hà Giang. Materials and methods. A total of 1127 healthy indigenous residents aged 18 to 83 years (average age 42.8±1.5) who lived in three regions (Yên Minh, Bắc Mê and Đông Văn) of Hà Giang province in 2019 were enrolled in the study. The presence of HEV-specific IgG antibodies (anti-HEV IgG) was determined by the ELISA using kits “DS-IFA-ANTI-HEV-G” (LLC NPO “Diagnostic Systems”, Russia). Results. The prevalence of anti-HEV IgG antibodies in the indigenous population in the Hà Giang province was 74.4% (838/1127; 95% CI 71.7–76.8), with the peak occurrence of anti-HEV IgG (87.6%) found in Đông Văn region, which was significantly higher compared to those in the Bắc Mê (χ2 = 16.37, p = 0.000052) and Yên Minh (χ2 = 214.64, p 0.00001) regions. The Yên Minh Region was characterized by the lowest percentage of subjects involved in the epidemic process (χ2 = 77.55, p 0.00001). No significant gender-related differences were detected in antiHEV IgG level both in general and in individual regions. The peak frequency of anti-HEV IgG (85.9%) was found in the H’mong ethnic group, which was significantly higher than in the Tay ethnic groups (χ2 = 77.32, p 0.00001) and in the remaining minor ethnic groups (χ2 = 63.44, p 0.00001). Conclusion. The results of this study indicate a high seroprevalence of hepatitis E virus in the minor ethnic groups, which preserve the national lifestyle in the Hà Giang province of the Northern Vietnam. As the Hà Giang province is located in remote mountain areas, a number of which are still difficult to access, its low economic status, poor sanitary and hygienic living conditions, lack of high-quality water supply, multinational population following different lifestyles, the contact of population with natural potential sources of HEV infection, including various wild and domestic animals, contribute to the successful spread of the hepatitis E virus in the region and the involvement of all populational age groups in the epidemic process. Taking into account the rapid development of the tourism industry in the Hà Giang Province particularly in the Đông Văn Region, where the Đông Văn Karst Plateau Geopark being recognized by UNESCO as national treasure is located, the results of this study emphasize a need to plan and perform the events aimed for preventing and monitoring HEV infection in endemic regions in Vietnam in order to reduce a risk of spread of hepatitis E virus not only inside, but also outside the country.

A mathematical programming approach for equitable COVID-19 vaccine distribution in developing countries.

Developing countries scramble to contain and mitigate the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and world leaders demand equitable distribution of vaccines to trigger economic recovery. Although numerous strategies, including education, quarantine, and immunization, have been used to control COVID-19, the best method to curb this disease is vaccination. Due to the high demand for COVID 19 vaccine, developing countries must carefully identify and prioritize vulnerable populations and rationalize the vaccine allocation process. This study presents a mixed-integer linear programming model for equitable COVID-19 vaccine distribution in developing countries. Vaccines are grouped into cold, very cold, and ultra-cold categories where specific refrigeration is required for their storage and distribution. The possibility of storage for future periods, facing a shortage, budgetary considerations, manufacturer selection, order allocation, time-dependent capacities, and grouping of the heterogeneous population are among the practical assumptions in the proposed approach. Real-world data is used to demonstrate the efficiency and effectiveness of the mathematical programming approach proposed in this study.

Identification of Genetic Variants in 65 Obesity Related Genes in a Cohort of Portuguese Obese Individuals.

Obesity is a major public health problem, which has a strong genetic component that interplays with environmental factors. Several genes are known to be implicated in the regulation of body weight. The identification of alleles that can be associated with obesity is a key element to control this pandemic. On the basis of a Portuguese population, 65 obesity-related genes are sequenced using Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) in 72 individuals with obesity, in order to identify variants associated with monogenic obesity and potential risk factors. A total of 429 variants are identified, 129 of which had already been associated with the phenotype. Comparing our results with the European and Global frequencies, from 1000 Genomes project, 23 potential risk variants are identified. Six new variants are discovered in heterozygous carriers: four missense (genes ALMS1-NM_015120.4:c.5552C>T; SORCS1-NM_001013031.2:c.1072A>G and NM_001013031.2: c.2491A>C; TMEM67-NM_153704.5:c.158A>G) and two synonymous (genes BBS1-NM_024649.4:c.1437C>T; TMEM67-NM_153704.5:c.2583T>C). Functional studies should be performed to validate these new findings and evaluate their penetrance and pathogenicity. Regardless of no cases of monogenic obesity being identified, this kind of investigational study is important when we are still trying to understand the aetiology and pathophysiology of obesity. This will allow the identification of rare variants associated with obesity and the study of their prevalence in specific populational groups.

Identifying the Women Most Vulnerable to Intimate Partner Violence: A Decision Tree Analysis From 48 Low and Middle-Income Countries

Background: Primary prevention strategies are needed to reduce high levels of intimate partner violence (IPV) in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), and their effectiveness may be improved by targeting the most vulnerable populational groups and by focusing on context-specific risk factors. Methods: We selected the most recent Demographic and Health Survey carried out since 2010 and with available information on IPV. Exposure to IPV was defined as having experienced physical and/or sexual IPV in the past 12 months. We selected 15 recognized IPV risk factors (or proxies) which were available in the surveys and had a potential for tailoring and targeting interventions. To identify groups of women most vulnerable to IPV, we applied a decision tree approach, creating individual trees for each country and for all countries combined. Findings: We identified 48 countries with suitable data. In the pooled decision tree, witnessing IPV during childhood, a lower empowerment level (attitude to violence) and partner’s alcohol use were the strongest markers of IPV vulnerability. IPV prevalence among the most vulnerable women was 43% compared to 21% in the overall sample. This high-risk group concentrated 1 in every 4 women who experienced IPV in LMICs. Across the individual national trees, the subnational regions emerged as the most frequent markers of IPV occurrence. Interpretation: This study contributes evidence that can be used to plan and improve policies and programmes aimed at reducing population levels of IPV by reaching high-risk women and families with focused interventions in LMICs. By using a decision-tree approach - a simple-to-use yet powerful statistical tool we provide important insights about subpopulations of women where IPV have very high prevalence and to which interventions could be prioritised and tailored. Funding Information: Grant number: 101815/Z/13/Z and The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation Health - Grant Number: INV-007594 / OPP1148933 Declaration of Interests: None to declare. Ethics Approval Statement: Ethical approval was obtained by the national agencies responsible for conducting each survey. All analyses relied on publicly available, anonymized databases for which permission to access was received through the DHS Program.

Efeitos da periferização nos níveis de acessibilidade aos empregos da população de baixa renda em Fortaleza

A expansão urbana por meio da segregação socioespacial involuntária, quando concomitante a um processo de concentração de empregos, afeta negativamente a acessibilidade ao trabalho de certos grupos populacionais. O segmento mais impactado é a população de baixa renda, pois está sujeita a restrições socioeconômicas que a impedem de residir nas regiões mais acessíveis aos empregos. Fortaleza é exemplo dessa problemática, com a maioria da população de baixa renda residindo nas regiões a oeste da cidade, distantes da maior oferta de postos de trabalho na região Central. Para uma melhor compreensão dessa problemática, este trabalho propõe um método de caracterização e diagnóstico para avaliar a magnitude dos problemas e suas mútuas dependências. Para isto, fez-se uso da modelagem integrada na obtenção de indicadores, aplicando-se então ferramentas de análise espacial exploratória em áreas que permitiram a verificação de evidências das intra e inter-relações nos subsistemas de uso do solo e transportes, corroborando a hipótese de causalidade dos efeitos da periferização da população de baixa renda sobre seus baixos níveis de acessibilidade aos empregos ofertados em Fortaleza.

Establishing population boundaries and conservation proposals for Coleocephalocereus purpureus, a critically endangered cactus species microendemic from Caatinga biome

Coleocephalocereus purpureus (Buining & Brederoo) F. Ritter is a rare columnar cactus species endemic to four small habitat patches of a south-eastern caatinga inselberg elements located in Eastern Brazil. C. purpureus was listed as Critically Endangered by IUCN by habitat loss due to quarrying activities. Here, we used ten microsatellite markers to estimate genetic diversity and structure of C. purpureus populational groups to perform a remaining genetic diversity diagnosis and to define population boundaries. Our estimates of genetic diversity indicated that C. purpureus displayed moderated levels of genetic diversity, even though the species populational groups are small and fragmented. All genetic structuring approaches revealed that there is a clear differentiation in two populations isolated by the Jequitinhonha River, named here as South and North populations. The South population corresponds to a unique group placed in a disturbed non-protected area and the North population comprises three groups, including the admixtured and managed group placed in a Conservation Unit. As priority actions for the retention of genetic diversity of C. purpureus populations, we propose (i) that the isolated population should be considered as a prior for conservation efforts and managed as an independent unit; (ii) maintaining the integrity of the habitat within the four small patches that constitute the range of the species; (iii) continuous monitoring of genetic diversity of the populational groups; (iii) improve the quality of local pollinator habitats in order to avoid the inbreeding; and (iv) ex-situ conservation actions should be considered, especially the transfer of C. purpureus representatives to botanical gardens as well formation of a seed bank.

Donor IUI is equally effective for heterosexual couples, single women and lesbians, but autologous IUI does worse.

Are there differences in the clinical outcomes of IUI among different populational groups (heterosexual couples, single women and lesbian couples)? The outcome of donor IUI (D-IUI) is similar in all populational groups and better than that seen with autologous insemination. A vast body of literature on clinical outcome is available for counselling heterosexual couples regarding decisions related to ART. The reproductive potential of single women, lesbian couples and heterosexual couples who need donor semen is assumed to be better, but there is a scarcity of data on their ART performance to actually confirm it. In this retrospective multicentric cohort study, a total of 7228 IUI treatment cycles performed in 3807 patients between January 2013 and December 2016 in 13 private clinics belonging to the same reproductive medicine group in Spain were included. Patients with previous IUI attempts were excluded from the study. Only 1.9% of cycles were lost to follow-up. A total of 5318 D-IUI cycles were performed in three different populational groups: heterosexual couples (D-HC, 1167cycles), single women (SW, 2839cycles) and lesbian couples (LC, 1312), while a total of 1910 autologous IUI cycles were performed in heterosexual couples (A-HC). This last one was considered the control group and was composed of cycles performed in couples with a male partner with sperm parameters equivalent to those requested from donors. In order to identify factors with an impact on clinical outcome, a multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed. Regarding live birth rate (LBR), mixed effect models were employed to control for the fact that different patients were submitted to different numbers of treatments. Parameters that were significant to the primary outcome (LBR) according to the multivariate analysis were the populational group (D-HC, SW, LC and A-HC) to which the patient belonged, female age and a diagnosis of low ovarian reserve. At the age range of good prognosis (≤37years), LBR was similar in all groups that underwent D-IUI (18.8% for D-HC, 16.5% for SW and 17.6% for LC) but was significantly lower in the autologous IUI (A-HC) group (11%). For all these significant findings, the strength of the association was confirmed by P values <0.001. From 38years of age on, no significant differences were observed among the populational groups studied, and for all of them, LBR was below 7% from 40years of age on. To the best of our knowledge, a smoking habit was the only known factor with a potential effect on ART outcome that could not be controlled for, due to the unavailability of this information in a significant percentage of the clinical files studied. Our study was not capable of precisely quantifying the impact of a diagnosis of low ovarian reserve on the LBR of both IUI and D-IUI, due to the number of cycles performed in patients with such diagnosis (n= 231, 3.2% of the total). For the first time, a comparison among D-HC, SW, LC and A-HC was performed in a study with a robust sample size and controlling for potential sources of bias. There is now sound evidence that equivalent clinical outcome is seen in the three groups treated with donor semen (D-HC, SW and LC). Specifically, regarding the comparison between SW and LC, our findings rule out differences in LBR proposed by previous publications, with very similar clinical outcomes within the same age ranges. At age ranges of good prognosis (≤37years), reproductive performance of D-IUI is significantly better than that seen in heterosexual couples undergoing autologous IUI, even when only cases of optimal sperm quality are considered in this last group. This finding is in agreement with the concept that, as a group, A-HC are more prone to have female factor infertility, even when their infertility assessment finds no contraindication to IUI. Age affects all these groups equally, with none of them reaching a 7% LBR after the age of 40years. Our findings will be useful for the counselling of patients from the different populations studied here about ART strategies. None.

Atypical Gout Manifestations in General Practice–Family Medicine: Own Clinical Observations and Literature Data

The objective: to study and systematize own clinical observations and management of gout cases and atypical gout manifestations and literature data on this item. Clarification of main characteristics of atypical manifestations of this pathological condition.Scientific and practical base of the investigation was Kiev City Clinical Hospital № 8, which admits patients by the reference of primary care physicians in general practice – family medicine.Clinically gout is preferably a male disease. The condition is more often seen in men, than in women, but in women it is more obvious in postmenopausal period. Women with gout are more proun to have atypical manifestation (for example, disease on fingers and ankle joint), which becomes at atypical age, making efficiency of treatment problematic because of coexisting comorbidities.Gout is a common and exclusively painful form of inflammatory arthritis, which typically involves first metatarsophalangeal joint (and terminologically this is gout). Atypical signs of the gout are described now with increasing rate in definite populational groups, such as elder people, people with genetic predispositions, enzyme deficiencies, prosthetic implants and those receiving immunosuppressive therapy. Gout can mimic other conditions, such as septic arthritis, osrteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, pseudogout (accumulation of calcium pyrophosphates) and even periarticular tumors. Gout can coexist with other arthropaties, making diagnosis more difficult. Article contains the description of authors own observations of patient with multiple gout atypical manifestations during 35 years. Lower extremities were not involved in the process for a long period of time, and only near 2,5-3 last years patient noted, that tophuses start to appear ass well on both legs.Atypical features differ from “classical” gout, which is found in men of middle age with different aspects: there is no prevalence of men, but there is more uniform gender distribution, polyarthicular involvement with upper extremity, less of acute gout episodes, not intensive clinical picture and increase rate of tophuses formation.

Población y tamaño municipal: reflexiones a partir del censo de 1991

Este trabajo presenta una actualización de los datos referentes a la población española agrupada en diversas categorías definidas a partir del tamaño demográfico municipal. Esta escala intermedia de análisis, que goza de una amplia tradición de trabajos, desaparece de la publicación de los resultados correspondientes al Censo de Población de 1991, donde se pasa de la escala provincial a la municipal sin ningún tipo de estadio intermedio. A pesar de las limitaciones de este tipo de clasificación, la revisión del comportamiento de los municipios agrupados según tamaños ha permitido establecer trayectorias comunes en su historia demográfica en cuanto a crecimiento de la población, naturaleza y su estructura demográfica.&#x0D; &#x0D; [fr] Ce travail présente une actualisation des donees vis à vis à la population espagnole regroupée en différentes catégories définies à partir de la taille démographique communale. Cette échelle intermédiaire d'analyse, qui jouit d'une longue tradition de travaux, a disparu de la publication des résultats correspondants au recensement de la Population de 1991, qui passe de l'échelle provinciale à la municipale sans aucun genre d'échelon intermédiare. Malgré les limites de ce genre de classification, la révision de la tendance des communes regroupées selon la taille nous a permis d'établir les trajectoires communes dans leur histoire démographique, en relation à la croissance de la population, la nature et la structure démographique.

Data-based Decision Rules to Personalize Depression Follow-up

Depression is a common mental illness with complex and heterogeneous progression dynamics. Risk grouping of depression treatment population based on their longitudinal patterns has the potential to enable cost-effective monitoring policy design. This paper establishes a rule-based method to identify a set of risk predictive patterns from person-level longitudinal disease measurements by integrating the data transformation, rule discovery and rule evaluation. We further extend the identified rules to create rule-based monitoring strategies to adaptively monitor individuals with different disease severities. We applied the rule-based method on an electronic health record (EHR) dataset of depression treatment population containing person-level longitudinal Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-9 scores for assessing depression severity. 12 risk predictive rules are identified, and the rule-based prognostic model based on identified rules enables more accurate prediction of disease severity than other prognostic models including RuleFit, logistic regression and Support Vector Machine. Two rule-based monitoring strategies outperform the latest PHQ-9 based monitoring strategy by providing higher sensitivity and specificity. The rule-based method can lead to a better understanding of disease dynamics, achieving more accurate prognostics of disease progressions, personalizing follow-up intervals, and designing cost-effective monitoring of patients in clinical practice.

Basic aspects, application and platforms currently available for molecular blood grouping of donor and patient population

The majority of allelic variants conferring red cell blood group antigens are attributable to single nucleotide polymorphisms, which are immensely amenable to routine genotyping methods such as PCR‐RFLP, SSP, SSO and fluorescent‐based real‐time PCR assays. These techniques are feasible in a low‐ to medium‐throughput setting. Multiplexing and use of solid surfaces or beads for probe capture have further improved the throughput and turnaround time allowing multiple alleles to be interrogated simultaneously. Novel approaches, as in the use of MALDI‐TOF mass spectrometry, appear as an attractive option for accurate, cost‐effective, high‐throughput SNP genotyping within major blood centres. Massively parallel targeted sequencing is likely the next step in the evolution of RBC genotyping. In the hospital setting, genotyping is unlikely to supplant serological typing but would rather be complementary to it. Scenarios where it would play an important role would be in the transfusion management of transfusion dependant patients such as in sickle cell anaemia or in situations where RBC phenotyping cannot be reliably undertaken as in auto‐immune haemolytic anaemia and haemolytic disease of foetus and newborn. Genotyping would also be useful where anti‐sera are not readily available or are of weak potency. Molecular typing is likely to, however, show its greatest potential in donor genotyping to establish pools of fully typed donors as well as identify donors with rare blood groups. Such an exercise will facilitate prompt and efficient delivery of best‐matched blood for patients.

Contribuição para o estudo do ângulo aurículo-nasal em descendentes de japoneses e leucodermas. A importância médico-legal

The authors analysed the auricle-nasal angle in 283 adult students, from both sexes, leucoderma and japanese descendents, to verify its discriminating capability ih the characterization of these populational groups and to sex diagnosis. They concluded after statistical analyses that the suggested technique is possible to establish a clear difference between xantoderma and leucoderma. Though the technique could not make sexual distinction, it could furnish some help to determine the skin colour in medical legal cases.

Genetic polymorphism of glutathione S-transferase A1 promoter in patient with colorectal cancer

Background: Novel allelic variants have been found in the glutathione S-transferase (GST) A1 gene. The former GSTA1 B allele is associated with low expression. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the GSTA1 genotype in the Iranian patient with colorectal cancer and determine if there is any populational correlation between genotype and colorectal cancer in Kermanshah-Iran and Tehran-Iran individuals. Material and Methods: A total of 186 participants were included in the study, 52 Tehranian and 41 Kermanshahian patients with colorectal cancer, plus 52 Tehranian and 41 Kermanshahian healthy controls. GSTA1 genotype was determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Differences in genotype distributions between the different populational groups were evaluated us in Chi-squared test and a logistic regression was used to investigate the possible association of the genotypes with the disease in both populations. Odds ratio estimates were analyzed for allele frequencies. Results: The GSTA1 B/B genotype prevalence in patients with colorectal cancer (12.2%) was significantly higher than control group in Kermanshah (0.0%), No significant association of GSTA1 B/B genotype with the colorectal cancer was determined in Tehran subjects. No significant association of GSTA1 B/A genotype with the colorectal cancer was determined either population. Conclusion: These findings indicate that the GSTA1 B/B genotype in the Kermanshah population was related to colorectal cancer although there is no significant association between of GSTA1 B/B genotype and colorectal cancer in Tehran population. This study showed different results between populations.

Nurse care practices in the Family Health Strategy.

to analyze the practices of care of nurses working in teams of the family health strategy, from the perspective of users. qualitative research conducted with 34 registered users in seven family health units of a municipality of Bahia from June to December 2014. The results were organized by the technique of content analysis. users showed satisfaction with the nurse care due to listening, warmth and resolution of their health needs, despite the emphasis on procedures and programs targeted to populational groups. The dissatisfaction stems from the authoritarian, prescriptive and inflexible attitude in the nurse care. It was also emphasized that the home visits are directed to the bedridden and more restricted to preventive actions. Educational activities occur during the nursing consultation and in the health unit. there is urgent need of redefining the care as a structuring axis of the nurse practice.

7.0 Is Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Onset Limited to Childhood?

The trajectory of ADHD is not fully understood, especially in individuals from the community. Although ADHD is conceptualized as a childhood-onset neurodevelopmental disorder, no prospective longitudinal study has described the childhoods of the adult ADHD population or tested the hypothesis that ADHD onset can occur in adulthood. This symposium will discuss recent findings from three populational sample groups describing the trajectories of ADHD across development and its predictors.

Comparative karyotypic analysis and cytotaxonomy in the Alstroemeria ligtu L. (Alstroemeriaceae) complex of Chile

Due to the variability in morphology and color of the flowers as well as the excellent post-harvest durability of Alstroemeria, many species are cultivated as ornamental and cut flowers. Alstroemeria ligtu L., endemic to Chile, has also been a source of artificial hybridizations for development of new cultivars. Cytogenetic studies provide clues for possible breeding programs and taxonomically useful data to clear up infraspecific relationships of Chilean native populations. Three subspecies are recognized within A. ligtu: subsp. ligtu, subsp. splendens Munoz-Schick, and subsp. simsii (Sprengel) Bayer. The objective of this paper is to characterize karyotypically these subspecies and to clarify their taxonomic status. Fourteen populations were collected throughout its distributional range. Chromosome number, karyotypic formulae, karyotypes, ideograms, intrachromosomal asymmetry index MCA, and interchromosomal asymmetry index CVCL were calculated. All studied populations showed 2n = 2x = 16 chromosomes. Subspecies ligtu and simsii are clearly differentiated from each other in MCA and together from subsp. splendens with CVCL. Intrachromosomal asymmetry index revealed two populational groups within subsp. splendens. These populations also differ in karyotypes formulae, habitat, soil type, and distribution. We concluded that a fourth subspecies should be described from populations located in the lower part of the cordillera de los Andes in the Region of Maule. Populations of higher elevations correspond to those already described as subsp. splendens.