Popular Resistance Research Articles

IIRSA, subimperialismo brasileño y resistencias populares. Los conflictos en torno a la represa de Inbambari (Perú) y de la carretera sobre el TIPNIS (Bolivia)

Este artículo aborda la forma en que el proyecto brasileño de desarrollo dependiente se desenvuelve en la constitución y consolidación de la Iniciativa para la Integración de la Infraestructura Regional Suramericana (IIRSA). Retomando los postulados de la teoría de la dependencia, específicamente los de Marini, se analizan las tendencias subimperialistas emanadas de Brasil, a partir de la promoción de un tipo de integración y una división regional del trabajo al servicio de los intereses de su burguesía. Así, se realiza un análisis de la IIRSA como etapa reciente de las estrategias de integración sudamericana. A su vez, se discute de qué forma la estrategia subimperialista brasileña y las resistencias populares se manifiestan en la Iniciativa a través de dos proyectos de inversión: la represa Inambari en Perú y la carretera sobre el Territorio Indígena y Parque Nacional Isiboro Secure en Bolivia.

Features of Popular Resistance in Diwan "Glory Bows Before You" Approaches to Subject and Poetic composition

The study deals with the "Glory bends before you" by the poet Abdel Nasser Saleh, as an appropriate model to study the subject of popular resistance and its role in confronting the occupier through the use of popular resistance methods and means, and the statement of its foundations, and objective and poetic features.He lived the experiences of struggle and arrest in the Uprising. He practiced peaceful resistance on the homeland by his pencil and actions.The study attempts to dismantle the vocabulary of the texts of the Diwan by employing the analytical methodology in order to demonstrate the extent to which the text copes with the reality of the event "popular resistance" against the other Israeli, through the study of technical techniques and poetic formation, and the effectiveness of reality and practice, culture and ideology. The researcher found the poet's artistic ability to root the state of popular resistance, whether at the level of term or poetic image, and the resulting positive impact on the conscience of the resistance people.

Features of Popular Resistance in Diwan "Glory Bows Before You" Approaches to Subject and Poetic composition

The study deals with the "Glory bends before you" by the poet Abdel Nasser Saleh, as an appropriate model to study the subject of popular resistance and its role in confronting the occupier through the use of popular resistance methods and means, and the statement of its foundations, and objective and poetic features.He lived the experiences of struggle and arrest in the Uprising. He practiced peaceful resistance on the homeland by his pencil and actions.The study attempts to dismantle the vocabulary of the texts of the Diwan by employing the analytical methodology in order to demonstrate the extent to which the text copes with the reality of the event "popular resistance" against the other Israeli, through the study of technical techniques and poetic formation, and the effectiveness of reality and practice, culture and ideology. The researcher found the poet's artistic ability to root the state of popular resistance, whether at the level of term or poetic image, and the resulting positive impact on the conscience of the resistance people.

Review

Review

COVID‐19 and Global Governance

Abstract The COVID-19 epidemic has sent economic and social shockwaves reverberating across the globe, and has shaken governance institutions at every level and across a range of issues, from trade to health and climate change An important question is whether COVID will accelerate, slow, or perhaps reverse some key trends in global governance Most prominently, the global and multilateral governance regimes that developed post-World War II were already weakening and fragmenting before COVID (Acharya, 2016) In a closely related phenomenon, cosmopolitan liberalism, as a set of institutions and ideologies committed to a democratic open society, human rights, and multiculturalism, has also retreated in the face of rising populism and authoritarianism in recent years (Norris and Inglehart, 2019) COVID could also affect a third important trend, the decline of state regulation and the rise of private, voluntary, and disclosure-based governance (Levy, Brown, and de Jong, 2010) The impact of COVID on these trends suggests some fruitful new directions for scholars of global governance and organizations

Venice as the Polity of Mercy: Guilds, Confraternities, and the Social Order, c.1250–c.1650, by Richard Mackenney

Richard Mackenney’s book has the goal of restoring the popolo (common people) of Venice to their rightful place in the history of the Venetian Republic. The author shares this enterprise with several scholars currently researching the lagoon city. But whereas others are seeking to undermine the mythic idea of a contented and quiescent popolo by examining popular resistance to the regime, Mackenney excavates an autonomous popular sphere in which the artisans and working people of Venice lived their lives largely uninvolved with, and undisturbed by, the ruling patrician regime. In the city’s many guilds and confraternities (known in Venice as scuole), the popolo found an outlet for their ‘energy’ (p. 7) and forged a synthesis of their economic, political and religious lives, one that focused on the ‘shared value system’ (p. 188) of mercy. These corporate organisations were the ‘institutional infrastructure’ (p. 189) that contributed to the longevity and...

A captura das subjetividades como estratégia nas relações de poder na sociedade capitalista

Este artigo apresenta uma reflexão sobre o processo de captura das subjetividades dos/as trabalhadores/as nos tempos de avanço do projeto neoliberal de extrema direita no Brasil, marcado pelo projeto de poder que exclui, segrega, mata e subjuga a classe trabalhadora a partir de retirada de direitos, mas sobretudo, pela inserção da lógica da mercadoria na vida cotidiana. Para realizarmos o exercício de compreensão, buscamos neste artigo discutir as subjetividades sob a ótica do materialismo histórico e dialético para entender sua dinâmica e, assim, sua captura e sua condição de superação. O artigo reafirma a necessidade da construção de um projeto de superação da sociedade capitalista e da produção de novas subjetividades a partir da resistência popular, da ciência e de novas formas de produzir o cotidiano.

Catastrophe and Denial in Belarus

The long-ruling president has manipulated World War II history and downplayed the lasting effects of the Chernobyl nuclear disaster. His similarly dismissive approach to the pandemic provided a spark for an unprecedented election challenge and popular resistance.

Cultural resistance in occupied Palestine and the use of creative international solidarity through song1

Protest song has been an important component of grassroots political struggles, and the Palestinian resistance to Zionist settler-colonization is no exception. This article draws on original research with activists in the Palestinian popular resistance on the impact of song during the first intifada (1987 to 1993) and more recently in the opposition to the segregation wall and accelerated colonization of the West Bank. The significance of international solidarity to the Palestinian struggle is noted, and the role of protest song in international solidarity is explored. The activities of Edinburgh-based community choir San Ghanny in using song as an expression of solidarity with the Palestinian popular anti-colonial struggle is analysed. Protest song is a globally recognizable form, which can help to build connections with social movements in different parts of the world and in different periods of history, which is both rooted in individual places and struggles, and also transcends these at the level of global solidarity.

Transformative Practices within Mechanisms of Control: “Recognizing” Unrecognized Arab-Bedouin Villages in Israel

“Seeing from the South” (Watson 2008) and “Re-engaging Planning Theory with South-Eastern Perspectives” (Yiftachel 2006) are essential calls for the development of planning theories and empirical research from the Global South. Such scholarship has interpreted the rationalities at play as informal settlements develop on the peripheries of rapidly globalizing cities and explored how they reflect the nature of state interventions. This article examines the utility of planning theories issued from the Global South and North in explaining a case of state planning for an indigenous, ethnic minority in Israel: the Negev/Naqab Arab-Bedouins. The researchers conducted 90 interviews with planners, engineers, Bedouin residents, government officials, academics, and employees of non-governmental organizations. Their aim was to understand how stakeholders comprehended, engaged with, and approached planning for the Abu-Basma Regional Council, a state initiative to plan and provide services to informal Bedouin villages in Israel’s south, as well as the program’s outcomes. The findings indicate that planning theories from the Global South, which are focused on space, resource distribution, and resident-driven spatial change, are essential to understanding the outcomes of planning. They provide a necessary context for the North’s normative/prescriptive planning theories, which highlight tangible “episodes” (Healey 2007, 78) of planning practice but risk misattributing popular resistance to a program’s communication challenges, rather than to residents’ fundamental objections.

The case of the missing maps: cartographic action in Ho Chi Minh City

ABSTRACT In May 2018, Ho Chi Minh City officials declared that they had lost the original planning maps to the city’s most important urban development project. The case of the missing maps revealed core tensions about urban planning in the city, galvanized popular resistance to city planning authorities, and prompted a series of investigations into government misdeeds. While it is common to criticize maps as artifacts of state power, this case shows how citizens can reappropriate the meaning of maps and transform them into a form of quasi-legal evidence that demands accountability and responsiveness from state officials in a non-democratic single party state. The transformative entanglement of maps and people, however, works reciprocally – just as social groups can transform the meaning of maps, maps also participate in the transformation of social groups. The concept of “cartographic action” seeks to account for the entangled relationship among maps, political life, and social action.

Educação popular: instrumento de formação, luta e resistência no projeto educativo do MST

A educação popular é um importante instrumento formador e de luta, que institui processos determinantes para a formação e consolidação da história da educação brasileira. O direito e o acesso à educação pública, gratuita, laica e de qualidade têm raízes nas lutas reivindicatórias das classes populares, que combatem concepções liberais nos diferentes períodos da história. Alternativas de resistência são construídas coletivamente, utilizando estratégias de mobilização nas comunidades para realizar o trabalho de base. Este artigo visa compartilhar ideias das práxis social e coletiva de educação do Movimento Sem Terra (MST). Trata-se de uma experiência de resistência, luta e organização política em defesa da Educação do Campo: professores educadores resistem para significar o campo como lugar de vida, de produção de saberes e conhecimento. A defesa das políticas públicas, em especial da educação pública, gratuita, laica e de qualidade, em conformidade com o princípio de que educação não é mercadoria, luta histórica da classe trabalhadora, é um lema que precisa estar ativo. Requer-se a organização da categoria dos trabalhadores da educação na perspectiva de uma práxis coletiva e de organização social para articulação e construção de outro projeto educacional.

The Palestinian Resistance: Nonviolent Praxis in a Gramscian Paradigm

This article analyses the praxis of nonviolent resistance in Palestine through the lens of Gramsci. First, it begins with a historical inquiry into the major phenomena of the Palestinian resistance tradition. Its nonviolent expressions are highlighted in order to prove their continuity as well as their effectiveness, focusing on three uprisings of the national movement where this form of resistance was deployed: the Arab revolt, the First Intifada, and the Al Aqsa Intifada. Then, it presents the framework of the theoretical tradition of nonviolent struggle in order to interpret Palestinian popular resistance actions and strategies. Finally, these forms of resistance are embedded, and subsumed, in a Gramscian alternative hegemonic paradigm, so as to enhance the discussion around an organic nonviolent strategy of political resistance.

Contesting ‘EU as Empire’ from Within? Analysing European Perceptions on EU Presence and Practices in the Mediterranean

In a context of ongoing popular resistance in the Arab world, the question of how this has affected the view of the EU’s role in the region by European stakeholders has not yet sufficiently be inquired into. How is the EU – and its presence and practices particularly – perceived within its own core, by its policymakers on one hand, and by the European civil society it also involves in its policies, on the other? Institutional stakeholders see the space the EU occupies in the Mediterranean as rather limited with other powers growing in the region. In contrast to this, resistance of European civil society to the current EU role is growing. Not only is the EU now criticized of massive human rights violation itself, specifically in the area of migration, but its whole development model is called into question, including within Europe itself. At the same time, civil society presents a strong alternative imagination of the EU as a non-colonial presence whose practices are based on a universal human rights approach with a strong focus on socio-economic rights/social justice and the inclusion of a variety of actors. European Union, Mediterranean, civil society, democracy, human rights, resilience

Satirical argument in political discourse

The aim of this research is to identify the concept of arguments as an interactive linguistic phenomenon produced by society following a communication and intellectual revolution and the increased use of the concept of arguments more after the outbreak of the so- called "spring revolution" at all levels without exception in order to persuade and influence and reveal the hidden to the public. In particular, the political arguments originally depended on systematic and studied persuasion. But, after the revolution, there became picture arguments dependent on the mockery in which the image is used to express the idea to be communicated, which gives a new persuasive character. Thus, the research reached the following results: - That sarcasm has multiple and varied dimensions revealed by political and social articles. - The study also revealed that the arguments of satire is a creative art in which the whole complex represented in language, thought, art and philosophy is mixed. - Irony is a position on life issues, an expression of the idea and a challenge to a specific situation, especially the status of a specific issue that has a political dimension. - The results also showed that satirical images are a weapon of much resistance to corruption, as they are considered a manifestation of popular resistance and rebellion against injustice, by depicting them in a comic manner.

Austerity Beyond Crisis: Economists and the Institution of Austere Social Spending for At-Risk Children in Israel

AbstractAusterity is frequently associated with crisis-enabled spending cuts. What happens when the crisis is over? This article’s original contribution lies in its in-depth exploration of one mechanism that help explain austerity’s endurance post-crisis, when state elites face increased popular resistance and pressure to reinstate social spending. This mechanism calls attention to the role of economists in Central Budgeting Offices as agents of technocratization and de-politicization within social policy domains. These economists may institute an austere spending mode by changing social spending’s norms and instruments. To demonstrate economists’ role in mediating macroeconomic fiscal goals and social policy design over time, the article examines the development of child welfare policy in Israel before, during and in the aftermath of economic crisis. In this case, austerity attained hegemony when economists were able to delegitimize and shelve an ‘irresponsible’ social spending proposal – and in response to post-crisis demands for compensation – introduce an austere policy instrument to cap social spending during a period of social policy expansion. This analysis suggests that scholars regard relations between austerity and social spending as dialectical.

MASS MEDIA AND THE LEGITIMATION OF INTERNET CONTROL IN RUSSIA: THE CASE OF TELEGRAM

In today's hyperconnected world, states are confronted with the global challenge of responding to potentially disruptive online communications, such as terrorist propaganda and fake news. Formulating effective internet regulation to address these threats carries the risk of infringing upon media freedom and constitutional rights. In the case of Russia, ostensibly sound legitimations have been instrumentalised to bring about a dramatic decline in internet freedom. Controlling public opinion may well be decisive for Russia's "success" in expanding its system of internet controls without arousing popular resistance. Scholarship thus far, however, has neglected to critically examine how the Russian government legitimates and cultivates popular support for restricting online freedom of speech. This paper aims to address this crucial aspect of internet censorship by studying how restrictions of internet freedom, freedom of expression and the right to information and privacy are framed in political and media discourses. The paper presents a case study examining the legitimation of user data storage, surveillance and restriction of online anonymity, on the example of messaging application Telegram. To justify legal measures in these domains, policymakers have framed their proposals as anti-terrorist, or claimed the need to protect personal data from foreign states. Typically, anonymity and privacy are recast as secrecy indicating criminal (e.g., drug dealers) or morally derogatory intent (e.g., paedophilia). The paper analyses how frames are produced by policymakers; how they are translated and disseminated in state and (semi-)independent media; and how they resonate in online debates and social media.

O golpe de Estado (1964) no Brasil visto por um cinejornal soviético

Este artigo propõe uma reflexão histórica e teórica sobre a relação entre registros visuais e construção da memória de um evento político, analisando o caso específico do Golpe de Estado de 1964 no Brasil que derrubou o presidente de centro-esquerda João Goulart e se tornou um importante evento da Guerra Fria na América Latina. Este evento, que inaugurou 20 anos de ditadura militar no Brasil, foi registrado em imagens que se tornaram matrizes da memória social, nas quais predominam figurações da derrota e da ausência de resistência popular diante das tropas golpistas. A partir de uma sequência de um cinejornal exibido na União Soviética em 1964, entretanto, pudemos tomar contato com imagens raras de um protesto popular contra os golpistas, ocorrido no Rio de Janeiro. Estes registros nos ajudam a problematizar a memória construída e seus suportes visuais, sugerindo a possibilidade de uma outra história visual e política do Golpe de 1964.

Control the Capital: Cities and Political Dominance

As optimism about the ‘third wave’ of democratization has waned in the face of continued and renewed authoritarianism across the world, analyses of authoritarian dominance remain focused primarily on the national scale. We are argue that cities, and especially capital cities, play crucial roles in the production of dominance and the politics of maintaining it, as well as being sites of popular resistance. However, the varying ways in which governing elites deploy their resources and strategies in the urban arena in pursuit of dominance remain underexplored. In this conceptual framing paper for a multi-country comparative study spanning Africa and Asia, we suggest that strategies for urban dominance can be analyzed in accordance with two overlapping modalities: interventions that are generative by design (their primary intention is to create some new form of support); and those that are repressive by design (their primary aim is to destroy or inhibit some form of opposition). We then present a typology of strategies that cut across these spheres of intervention and include co-optation, legitimizing discourses, legal maneuvers, coercive distribution and violent coercion. This framework is designed to inform empirical analysis of strategies of urban dominance, how these change over time and how they are deployed in varying combinations, facilitating a deeper understanding of how struggles for control shape urban outcomes.

Migration, Border Security, and New Forms of Resistance in the Age of Trump*

The present article analyzes the responses to US border security policies and particularly US immigration policy by activists, migrants, and progressive actors during the Trump era. It explains new forms of popular resistance in the US and south of its border, as well as their effects in national politics, policies and geopolitics. This analysis focuses on migrant caravans and related protest movements. Finally, this article provides preliminary explanations of such phenomena that include considerations of geopolitics, philanthropy, and the plausible utilization of counterinsurgency tactics.