Poor Safety Research Articles

Statistical Analysis of the Vibrations Transmitted From an Electric Kick Scooter to Riders

In recent years, micro-vehicles have been increasingly involved in urban mobility following the actual trend towards light, more affordable, and eco-friendly means of transportation. Among this vehicle category, the electric kick scooters (e-scooters) represent the most popular example driven by app-based sharing mobility services. Despite the positive implications, poor safety requirements and issues of discomfort are also related to this new segment. The recent spread of e-scooters is motivating the scientific community in investigating performance and ride comfort, in the attempt of improving vehicle design and safety regulations. The aim of this study is to evaluate e-scooter vibrations in driving in a realistic environment, constituted by bike path with seven speed bumps. Fourteen healthy young participants (seven males and seven females) are asked to conduct the test at two different constant velocities (5\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$5$$\\end{document} km/h and 25\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$25$$\\end{document} km/h). Accelerations are acquired at the main human body segments as well as on the e-scooter. The assessment is based on identifying maxima and root mean squares from signal time histories. A non-parametrical statistical analysis is performed focusing on vibrations transmitted from vehicle to human body, e-scooter velocity, and some rider’s characteristics such as gender, mass, dominant arm, and dominant foot. Root mean squares and tests at low velocity generally underline a larger number of significant differences. Moreover, the parameter which mostly influences the system is the rider’s mass. Overall, the proposed methodology proves to be an efficient tool to investigate the vehicle-rider vibrational influence.

Outcomes of 3-year follow up with induction vs first line chemotherapy in oral cancer patients: An observational hospital-based study.

Our study aims to analyse and compare the efficacy, adverse effect profile and survival among the Paclitaxel/Cisplatin/5-Flurouracil (TPF) induction chemotherapy and Paclitaxel/carboplatin (PC) first line or cisplatin chemotherapy in a high-volume tertiary care cancer centre. 215 patients with oral cavity cancer were recruited in this study. Patients with stages I-IIc underwent surgical resection or radiation therapy 66-74 GY/fraction. Patients of Stages III-IV were administered with either induction chemotherapy TPF or PC or cisplatin regimen. Treatment responses were assessed by CT and MRI. Response rates, survival and adverse effects data were tabulated and analysed. The mean age was 49.2 ± 11.68 years. Symptoms were ulceration (33.5%), growth (20.5%), pain (13%), ulcer-proliferative growth (8.4%) and swelling (13, 6%). The tumour site was found at the base of the tongue, C01 (42.2%) followed by C06 (35.8%), C08 (6.5%), C07 (5.2%) and C05 (4.6%). There were no significant differences ( P > 0.05) in efficacy and survival outcomes between the different groups of treatment. Median survival was achieved within 36 months. The major side effect observed were anaemia (15.81%), diarrhoea (36.2%), dyspepsia (28.8%), fever (33.95%), mucositis (28.85%), myalgia (33.95%) and nausea (7.9%). Survival among the responder categories (CR, PR and NR) was significantly different as per Log-rank analysis ( P = 0.015). TPF induction therapy and PC first line chemotherapy showed similar efficacy, safety profile and survival whereas cisplatin shows poor efficacy and safety and survival in Indian oral cancer patients.

Structure-Guided Design of a Highly Potent Partial RXR Agonist with Superior Physicochemical Properties.

Retinoid X receptors (RXRs, NR2B1-3) hold therapeutic potential in oncology, neurodegeneration, and metabolic diseases, but traditional RXR agonists mimicking the natural ligand 9-cis retinoic acid exhibit poor physicochemical properties, pharmacokinetics, and safety profiles. Improved RXR ligands are needed to exploit RXR modulation as a promising therapeutic concept in various indications beyond its current role in second-line cancer treatment. Here, we report the co-crystal structure of RXR in complex with a novel pyrimidine-based ligand and the structure-informed optimization of this scaffold to highly potent and highly soluble RXR agonists. Focused structure-activity relationship elucidation and rigidization resulted in a substantially optimized partial RXR agonist with low nanomolar potency, no cytotoxic activity, and very favorable physicochemical properties highlighting this promising scaffold for the development of next-generation RXR targeting drugs.

Health and Safety Executive research on wood dust exposure controls in British manufacturing.

To generate new intelligence on occupational exposure to wood dust in woodworking manufacturing activities in Britain, the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) performed 22 occupational hygiene site visits to assess exposure and exposure controls between 2014 and 2017. The work aimed to characterise good practice and therefore sites with a poor health and safety record, as identified from HSE inspection records, were not invited to participate. Sites selected covered furniture production, joinery, saw milling, and boat building and repair. Twenty-three follow-up telephone interviews were also carried out across 15 of the companies with supervisors and managers to explore how they tried to promote good practice among the workforce, and if there are any potential challenges encountered. The aim of the interviews was to gain a better understanding of how to enable organisations to improve the management of wood dust exposure. This study found that 6.0% of all wood dust exposure measurements (15 out of 252) were above 5 mg/m³, and 17.6% of exposures to hardwood dust or mixtures of hardwood and softwood dust (38 out of 216) were above 3 mg/m³ (the then current and future workplace exposure limits). Sanding, cleaning, and maintenance activities were of particular concern. Improvements to exposure controls are required, in particular, improvements to local exhaust ventilation controls for hand-held power tools and hand sanding. The management, selection, and use of respiratory protective equipment were poor. All the managers and supervisors recognised that exposure to wood dust can pose serious health risks, and that controls were crucial to protecting workers' health. The findings from the telephone interviews suggest that supervision and provision of information about the health effects of exposure to wood dust were common approaches that organisations used to raise awareness and promote good practice, in relation to managing wood dust exposure. Worker attitudes towards controls, such as perceptions that they hinder task completion and habitual ways of working, were identified as factors influencing the use of controls. Risk communication approaches that focus on increasing workers' awareness of their susceptibility to ill-health using credible sources, such as peers, can help enhance the uptake of messages on the use of controls. Financial constraints were identified as a challenge to improving the control of wood dust, particularly for small companies.

Food Hygiene, Safety Measures, and Associated Factors among Street Food Vendors in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Implications for Intervention Activity Design and Implementation

Background. Foodborne outbreaks and epidemic diseases are common in resource-limited countries. Many people in developing countries are increasing their habit of eating fast foods prepared on the street due to their low cost and accessibility, while most of them get sick due to poor food hygiene practices and safety measures among the street food vendors. Therefore, this research is aimed at assessing food hygiene knowledge, practices, and associated factors among street food vendors. Methods. A community-based cross-sectional study design was conducted among 494 street food vendors in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The data were collected using a face-to-face interview with a pretested questionnaire. All precautions for prevention of COVID-19 were followed since the study was conducted during the COVID-19 era. The data were entered into a computer and cleaned using EpiData 3.4 before being exported to SPSS version 23 for analysis. A multivariable logistic regression with a 95% confidence interval was used to identify the factors that were significantly associated with poor hygiene practice. Results. In this study, 78% of street food vendors had poor hygienic practices. Monthly income less than 2000 birr (AOR=1.95, 95% CI (1.36, 11.26), p=0.014), age groups less than 25 years of age (AOR=3.17, 95% CI (1.12, 8.97), p=0.03), food vendors who prepare food while not healthy (AOR=2.07, 95% CI (1.25, 5.93), p=0.025), and lack of toilet facilities (AOR=2.84, 95% CI (1.58, 9.68), p≤0.001) were significantly associated with the poor hygiene practices of street food vendors at a significance level of p≤0.05. Conclusions. The general food hygiene practices and safety measures were poor. Age groups younger than 25 years of age, monthly income less than 2000 birr, preparing food while sick, and lack of access to toilet facilities were significantly associated with poor food hygiene and safety practices. To promote food safety and community health, street food vendors should receive health education and training about proper food hygiene practices through health extension workers and mass media. Basic infrastructure and services like clean water supply and waste disposal facilities should be provided for street vendors to improve food hygiene and safety practices.

Understanding safety engineering practice: Comparing safety engineering practice as desired, as required, and as observed

Good safety management means that continuous attempts are made to improve safety engineering practice. These improvements are often through creating interventions to perceived problems. Many of these interventions seem to have been largely ineffective, suggesting that they may not be addressing the real impediments to good safety engineering practice. We do not argue that existing tools for improving safety engineering practice (such as checklists) are necessarily deficient, rather we challenge whether they are being employed to correct the causes of impediments to better practice. Safety practice ‘As Observed’ (the actual safety engineering activities performed) is informed by defined processes (safety practice ‘As Required’). These processes aim to ensure practice achieves the best safety outcomes (safety practice ‘As Desired’). For many different and complex reasons ‘As Observed’ safety practice may not be equivalent to the safety practice ‘As Required’. Similarly safety practice ‘As Required’ may not be equivalent to safety practice ‘As Desired’. All of these discrepancies could play a significant role in poor safety engineering practice. By exploring these discrepancies it becomes possible to understand the causes of deficiencies in practice, and to start to propose effective interventions. In this paper we introduce and discuss a process for understanding safety engineering practice based around modelling safety practice ‘As Desired’, ‘As Required’, and ‘As Observed’, and the interactions between these elements. We describe how this process can be used to evaluate safety engineering practice and inform the design of effective improvements. We present an example of how the process may be applied to understand safety practice for software safety assurance in the military domain.

Using a Space Syntax Approach to Enhance Pedestrians’ Accessibility and Safety in the Historic City of George Town, Penang

Contemporary urban development places a critical emphasis on pedestrian environments, especially in historic cities like George Town, which is a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Malaysia. Although survey questionnaires effectively captured public perceptions of issues such as poor road connectivity, weak accessibility, crime and safety concerns in George Town, they fell short in providing a comprehensive understanding of the root causes. This study leverages space syntax theory to model and analyze George Town’s unique pedestrian landscape, aiming to identify strategies for improving pedestrian networks in historical urban landscapes. Space syntax theory, known for revealing structural issues within urban contexts, is applied after a thorough examination of George Town’s urban layout, climate, architectural features, and development policies. George Town employs an informal grid layout widely utilized in British colonial port cities to enhance overall efficiency. The predominant architectural form is the shophouse, which is characterized by a ground level designed for pedestrian movement known as the “five-foot way” and adapted to Malaysia’s climate. Various axis drawing methods for the unique five-foot way under different circumstances are considered. The George Town special area plan (SAP) emphasizing heritage preservation guides development policies, thus requiring an inclusive approach to pedestrian environments. This enhances the practical significance of the current study, with the eastern and northern coastal areas serving as crucial focal points for investigation. This approach results in a comprehensive spatial model that captures the essence of George Town’s pedestrian landscape. Evaluation using space syntax indicators such as connectivity, integration, intelligibility, and choice reveals issues like poor overall network connectivity, inadequate access to key attractions, suboptimal integration, concentrated pedestrian flows, and significant safety concerns, which are exacerbated by limited infrastructure on certain two-way roads and a lack of zebra crossings. The practical implications of this study include recommendations for enhancing pedestrian spaces along identified roads and strategically installing zebra-crossings. This research is significant for its focus on a historical city in a Southeast Asian developing country, deeply integrating local environmental characteristics and providing insights into urban planning and optimization, thereby serving as a reference for similar cities.

Air-Stable Li2S Cathodes Enabled by an In Situ-Formed Li+ Conductor for Graphite-Li2S Pouch Cells.

Using Li2S cathodes instead of S cathodes presents an opportunity to pair them with Li-free anodes (e.g., graphite), thereby circumventing anode-related issues, such as poor reversibility and safety, encountered in Li-S batteries. However, the moisture-sensitive nature of Li2S causes the release of hazardous H2S and the formation of insulative by-products, increasing the manufacturing difficulty and adversely affecting cathode performance. Here, Li4SnS4, a Li+ conductor that is air-stable according to the hard-soft acid-base principle, is formed in situ and uniformly on Li2S particles because Li2S itself participates in Li4SnS4 formation. When exposed to air (20% relative humidity), the protective Li4SnS4 layer maintains its components and structure, thus contributing to the enhanced stability of the Li2S@Li4SnS4 composite. In addition, the Li4SnS4 layer can accelerate the sluggish conversion of Li2S because of its favorable interfacial charge transfer, and continuously confine lithium polysulfides owing to its integrity during electrochemical processes. A graphite-Li2S pouch cell containing a Li2S@Li4SnS4 cathode is constructed, which shows stable cyclability with 97% capacity retention after 100 cycles. Hence, combining a desirable air-stable Li2S cathode and a highly reversible Li-free configuration offers potential practical applications of graphite-Li2S full cells.

Remote area nurses' experiences of workplace safety in very remote primary health clinics: A qualitative study.

To explore Remote Area Nurses' experiences of the implementation of workplace health and safety policies and risk mitigation strategies in Australian very remote primary health clinics. This qualitative study used online semi-structured interviews, with participants purposively sampled to maximize variation in work location and service type. Data were analysed using a reflexive thematic analysis approach. Coding was carried out inductively, with NVivo 12 aiding data management. The interviews were conducted from 24 Februrary 2021 to 06 March 2021 with Remote Area Nurses from very remote primary health clinics in Australia. Fifteen Remote Area Nurses participated in the study. Thematic analysis revealed varied approaches to workplace safety among the different health services and regions. While the spread of 'never alone' policies in many clinics addressed one of the significant risks faced by Remote Area Nurses, gaps remained even for hazards specifically highlighted in existing work health and safety legislation. Meaningful collaboration with staff and the community, local orientation, preparation for the role and providing quality care were protective factors for staff safety. Understaffing, unsafe infrastructure and inadequate equipment were common concerns among Remote Area Nurses. Health services need to prioritize workplace safety and take a continuous quality improvement approach to its implementation. This will include ensuring safety strategies are appropriate for the local context, improving infrastructure maintenance, and establishing sustainable second responder systems such as a pool of drivers with local knowledge. Poor personal safety contributes to burnout and high turnover of staff. Nurses' insights into the barriers and enablers of current workplace safety strategies will aid policymakers and employers in future improvements. COREQ reporting guidelines were followed. A panel of six Remote Area Nurses collaborated in the development of this project.

A chemical accident cause text mining method based on improved accident triangle

BackgroundWith the rapid development of China’s chemical industry, although researchers have developed many methods in the field of chemical safety, the situation of chemical safety in China is still not optimistic. How to prevent accidents has always been the focus of scholars’ attention.MethodsBased on the characteristics of chemical enterprises and the Heinrich accident triangle, this paper developed the organizational-level accident triangle, which divides accidents into group-level, unit-level, and workshop-level accidents. Based on 484 accident records of a large chemical enterprise in China, the Spearman correlation coefficient was used to analyze the rationality of accident classification and the occurrence rules of accidents at different levels. In addition, this paper used TF-IDF and K-means algorithms to extract keywords and perform text clustering analysis for accidents at different levels based on accident classification. The risk factors of each accident cluster were further analyzed, and improvement measures were proposed for the sample enterprises.ResultsThe results show that reducing unit-level accidents can prevent group-level accidents. The accidents of the sample enterprises are mainly personal injury accidents, production accidents, environmental pollution accidents, and quality accidents. The leading causes of personal injury accidents are employees’ unsafe behaviors, such as poor safety awareness, non-standard operation, illegal operation, untimely communication, etc. The leading causes of production accidents, environmental pollution accidents, and quality accidents include the unsafe state of materials, such as equipment damage, pipeline leakage, short-circuiting, excessive fluctuation of process parameters, etc.ConclusionCompared with the traditional accident classification method, the accident triangle proposed in this paper based on the organizational level dramatically reduces the differences between accidents, helps enterprises quickly identify risk factors, and prevents accidents. This method can effectively prevent accidents and provide helpful guidance for the safety management of chemical enterprises.

Progress in the application of silicon-based anode nanotechnology in lithium batteries

With the development of technology, graphite materials in traditional lithium batteries can no longer meet people’s needs due to their relatively low specific capacity, limited charging and discharging rates, and poor safety. Silicon has a very high theoretical specific capacity, far exceeding traditional graphite negative electrode materials, making silicon nanoparticles an ideal choice for improving the energy density of lithium-ion batteries. In this paper, we first introduce the silicon nanoparticle anode and its preparation methods: mechanical ball milling, and thermal cracking, and introduce the application of binders in it. Secondly, the silicon nanowire anode and the chemical deposition method for its preparation are introduced, and the high-performance silicon nanowire lithium battery of Amprius is introduced. Thirdly, the preparation of silicon thin film anode and two types of composite film was introduced. Finally, the three types of silicon nano anodes are summarized and prospected. This paper has reference significance for the future research of silicon-based lithium-ion batteries.

Stunting predictors among children aged 0-24 months in Southeast Asia: a scoping review.

To identify predictors of stunting among children 0-24 months in Southeast Asia. This scoping review focused on articles with observational study design in English published from 2012 to 2023 from five international databases. The primary keyword used were: "stunting" OR "growth disorder" AND "newborn" AND "predict" AND "Southeast Asia". Of the 27 articles selected for the final analysis there are thirteen predictors of stunting in seven Southeast Asia countries. The thirteen predictors include the child, mother, home, inadequate complementary feeding, inadequate breastfeeding, inadequate care, poor quality foods, food and water safety, infection, political economy, health and healthcare, water, sanitation, and environment, and social culture factor. All these predictors can lead to stunting in Southeast Asia. To prevent it, health service providers and other related sectors need to carry out health promotion and health prevention according to the predictors found.

Stabilizing Layered Cathodes by High-Entropy Doping.

Layered Ni-rich oxide cathodes in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) often struggle with poor thermal safety and capacity fade. Xin and colleagues' studies in Nature and Nature Energy demonstrate a novel high-entropy (compositionally complex) doping strategy, introducing "cocktail effects" from multiple constituents. This approach substantially improves cycling performance and stability, reduces material cost, and may pave the way toward the development of advanced electrodes for next-generation LIBs.

Design and Practical Application of a Cost Effective Intelligent Female Surveillance System Using GPS, GSM, and Arduino Technology

This paper suggests a cost effective, portable and intelligent surveillance system for women that they can utilize in risky or emergency situations. In this design, an Arduino Nano microcontroller, a GPS module, and a GSM module are the main parts used. Whenever an emergency arises, the user can instantly send an emergency message to a preset phone number along with their current location. The emergency activation button is in a handy place on the gadget, which is tiny enough to carry in a pocket or purse. This device will improve women's protection and security, particularly in places with high crime rates or poor public safety.

Design and synthesis of novel hybrids incorporating thiadiazole or thiazole-naphthalene: Anticancer assessment and molecular docking study

To underscore the significance of thiazole and thiadiazole moieties in advancing cancer treatment and support researchers in drug design, we developed a novel series of 1,3,4-thiadiazole and 1,3-thiazole derivatives. These were synthesized by reacting 2-(naphthalen-1-ylmethylene)-N-phenylhydrazine-1-carbothioamide with hydrazonoyl halides and α-halo-compounds. Spectroscopic data and alternative syntheses confirmed the structures. The growth-inhibitory potential against HepG2-1 liver cancer cells was evaluated using the MTT assay, revealing compounds 5c and 15 with IC50 values of 0.53 ± 0.82 and 0.61 ± 0.72 μM, respectively, demonstrating promising anticancer activity than doxorubicin (IC50 = 0.72 ± 0.49 μM). Given the high attrition rate in drug development, computational approaches were employed to mitigate risks associated with poor pharmacokinetics and safety. Molecular docking analyses of the synthesized compounds illustrated binding interactions at enzymes' sites, consistent with in vitro studies, indicating potential as antitumor agents. In silico investigations affirmed the ADMET profile's favorable oral bioavailability properties for the synthesized compounds. These findings highlight the potential of the investigated ligands as promising candidates for further development as antitumor medicines.

Neurotrauma from fall accidents in Ethiopia

BackgroundEthiopia is a fast-growing economy with rapid urbanization and poor occupational safety measures. Fall injuries are common and frequently result in traumatic brain injury (TBI) or spinal cord injury (SCI). MethodsWe prospectively included fall victims who were hospital-treated for neurotrauma or forensically examined in 2017 in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. We registered sociodemographic factors, fall types, injuries, treatment, and outcome. ResultsWe included 117 treated and 51 deceased patients (median age 27 vs. 40 years). Most patients were injured at construction sites (39.9%) and only one in three used protective equipment. TBI (64.7%) and SCI (27.5%) were the most common causes of death among the deceased patients, of which most died at the accident site (90.2%). Many patients suffered significant prehospital time delays (median 24 h). Among treated patients, SCI was more frequent than TBI (50.4% vs. 39.3%), and 10.3% of the patients had both SCI and TBI. Most SCIs were complete (49.3%), whereas most TBIs were mild (55.2%). Less than half of TBI patients and less than one in five SCI patients were operated. There were twice as many deaths among TBI patients as SCI patients. Among those discharged alive, at a median of 33 weeks, 50% of TBI patients had a good recovery whereas 35.5% of SCI patients had complete injuries. ConclusionFalls at construction sites with inadequate safety measures were common causes of SCI and TBI resulting in severe disability and death. These results support further development of prevention strategies and neurotrauma care in Ethiopia.

Socio-demographic determinants of good food safety practices for young, educated food handlers in Türkiye

Food handlers' poor food safety practices increase the risk of foodborne diseases. In this study, food safety practices varied significantly according to gender, age, grade level (student or graduate), and internship status but did not differ according to marital status and income. Correct cutting board use received the highest score (92.6%) among student and graduate food handlers. Double tasting, hand cleaning before food contact, and expiration date/first in-first out rule were scored over 90% correctly. Neglecting hand washing during peak hours (43.9%) and not washing the vegetables to be cooked (45.7%) took the lowest scores. Gender, age, and grade level determine whether food safety practices are good or poor. Men were found to be 0.2 times less likely than women to perform good food safety practices. Food handlers aged 25-30 were 0.1 times less likely to prepare safe food than individuals aged 18-24. It has been determined that the probability of safe food preparation of graduates is 0.1 times lower than that of students.

A Socio-Criminological Analysis of Off-Campus Accommodation in Public Tertiary Institutions in Nasarawa State, Nigeria.

Off-campus which is an alternative for on-campus due to limited space on-campus is faced with various degrees of problems. These problems directly have negative impact on students living off-campus. A careful observation shows most off-campus areas are faced with problems, hence it is not peculiar to one institution but it cuts across different tertiary institutions of learning. This study examined students’ off-campus accommodation with specific focus on public tertiary institutions in Nasarawa State. The objectives of the study include to: find out the forms of disorderly conducts that are associated with off-campus accommodation system in public tertiary institutions in Nasarawa State, ascertain the reasons for the persistence of disorderly conducts in off campus accommodation system in public tertiary institutions in Nasarawa State, determine how the disorderly conducts associated with off-campus accommodation system affect students, explore ways that could curb the disorderly conducts common in off-campus accommodation system in public tertiary institutions in Nasarawa State. The social control theory of Travis Hirschi was adopted for theoretical framework. Survey research design was used. Sample size of 385 respondents were sampled using Cochran formula for sample size determination and given copies of questionnaire to fill and submit, however only 376 were retrieved for analysis. Data were collected from both primary and secondary sources. The method of data analysis was through the use of percentages, mean and standard deviation. This is for easy comprehension by readers. Findings revealed that the forms of disorderly conducts that are associated with off-campus accommodation system in public tertiary institutions in Nasarawa State include drinking in public, playing loud music or causing excessive noise late at night, illegal sales of drugs and exposing one’s naked body. Findings also revealed that the ways disorderly conducts associated with off-campus affect students include poor academic performance, interpersonal problem, safety concerns and distortion of student’s morals. The study recommended that Parents and guidance should constantly check their wards living off-campus in order to maintain strong bond with them so as to discourage them from engaging in disorderly conducts. The study also recommended that Government and management of institutions should revisit the Build, Operate and Transfer Policy (BOT) and adhere to its philosophy to boost provision of on-campus accommodation

Опыт интеграции эвакуированного промышленного оборудования в экономику уральского тыла (осень 1941 – весна 1942 гг.)

The historical experience of industrial evacuation and integration of the arrived equipment into the economy of the rear territories is of undoubted research interest. A historiographical review has shown that the problem of placing and commissioning relocated industrial equipment in evacuation sites has not been a topic of special research. The study was conducted on the basis of archival documents of the Evacuation Council, Gosplan, correspondence of People's Commissariats with the Communist Party and state organizations. The article analyzes the problems faced by the industry of the rear regions in 1941-the spring of 1942 in connection with the arrival of factories and equipment from the front line to the evacuation destinations. During the study, the following problems were identified: incompleteness and sometimes poor safety of the arrived equipment, the unavailability of industrial sites to receive large enterprises due to insufficient industrial infrastructure, and lack of labor for unloading and installing the machinery. It was noted that during the restoration of arrived enterprises, priority was given to the defense industry plants. The article discusses ways to overcome the difficulties that arose: a mechanism was established for obtaining resources stored in evacuation bases; industrial construction was carried out both on the territories of existing factories and on sites occupied by educational, commercial, cultural, etc. organizations; intersectoral cooperation was arranged, involving the exchange of raw materials and equipment; nonstandard management solutions were applied. It is concluded that with a tightly centralized vertical of power, the start-up of evacuated industrial equipment was more successful where the directors’ corps and regional leaders showed independence and initiative.

Potential mechanism of improved cryotolerance of Pediococcus pentosaceus YT2 by cold acclimation based on TMT quantitative proteomics analysis

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are used in fermented foods to overcome the shortcomings of traditional fermentation methods, such as long cycles and poor safety. However, the application of LAB in low-temperature foods is limited by their growth temperature. This study aimed to quantitatively compare the proteins of the YT2 strain acclimated at 37, 28, 20, 15, 8, and 4 °C (YT-4) and that grown at 37 °C (YT-37) using tandem mass tag (TMT) proteomics and bioinformatics analysis to elucidate the potential mechanism of cryotolerance of P. pentosaceus YT2. Altogether, 1416 quantitative proteins were identified, of which 747 were differentially abundant between the YT-4 and YT-37 strains. Functional enrichment analysis showed that the upregulated proteins were mainly involved in nucleotide transport, metabolism, translation, ribosomal structure and biogenesis, transcription, replication, recombination, and repair, while the downregulated proteins were involved in lipid, amino, and carbohydrate transport and metabolism. These results were validated for eight upregulated and five downregulated proteins using parallel reaction monitoring (PRM). Our study analyzed the potential mechanism underlying the improved cryotolerance of P. pentosaceus YT2 at 4 °C, which may enable the utilization of LAB in low-temperature applications.