Опыт интеграции эвакуированного промышленного оборудования в экономику уральского тыла (осень 1941 – весна 1942 гг.)

Abstract

The historical experience of industrial evacuation and integration of the arrived equipment into the economy of the rear territories is of undoubted research interest. A historiographical review has shown that the problem of placing and commissioning relocated industrial equipment in evacuation sites has not been a topic of special research. The study was conducted on the basis of archival documents of the Evacuation Council, Gosplan, correspondence of People's Commissariats with the Communist Party and state organizations. The article analyzes the problems faced by the industry of the rear regions in 1941-the spring of 1942 in connection with the arrival of factories and equipment from the front line to the evacuation destinations. During the study, the following problems were identified: incompleteness and sometimes poor safety of the arrived equipment, the unavailability of industrial sites to receive large enterprises due to insufficient industrial infrastructure, and lack of labor for unloading and installing the machinery. It was noted that during the restoration of arrived enterprises, priority was given to the defense industry plants. The article discusses ways to overcome the difficulties that arose: a mechanism was established for obtaining resources stored in evacuation bases; industrial construction was carried out both on the territories of existing factories and on sites occupied by educational, commercial, cultural, etc. organizations; intersectoral cooperation was arranged, involving the exchange of raw materials and equipment; nonstandard management solutions were applied. It is concluded that with a tightly centralized vertical of power, the start-up of evacuated industrial equipment was more successful where the directors’ corps and regional leaders showed independence and initiative.