Poor Rural Communities Research Articles

Peculiar Places: A Queer Crip History of White Rural Nonconformity

Peculiar Places: A Queer Crip History of White Rural Nonconformity

The nexus between cultural tourism and social entrepreneurship: a pathway to sustainable community development in Nepal

ABSTRACT Cultural tourism offers a pathway to community development and poverty eradication, particularly in developing countries and poor rural communities. In order to ensure that the benefits are spread equitably across the community and that cultural and environmental integrity is maintained over time, the active participation of community members supported by outside actors is essential. This paper explores the potential for community-based cultural tourism initiatives in three different regions of Nepal through a series of interviews with 18 experts in the Nepalese tourism industry. The list of tourism programmes suggested by the interviewees was interpreted through a community-based entrepreneurship model, focusing on the processes required to produce a sustainable cultural tourism product or service. The research furthers our understanding of the tourism industry in Nepal as well as providing guidance for the implementation of sustainable cultural tourism initiatives using community-based entrepreneurship.

Gender Dynamics and Human-Wildlife Conflicts in Maasai Mara Game Reserve, Kenya

A big factor as to why Human-Wildlife Conflict is a major issue in the African context than in the western world is the level of income stability. This is heightened by the fact that most communities that live near wildlife settlements in Africa are poor rural communities. The people in the Mara are a good example of such a community. One of the reasons why this plague has been so persistent is because the rules and regulations are too broad and do not factor in the differences within the communities that live within reach of wildlife populations. This research has singled out the main difference within these communities as being gender and focuses on gendered differences. The objective of this research is to examine the gender dynamics that affect Human-Wildlife Conflicts. To fulfil the objective, the research set out to test the hypothesis of whether gender dynamics influence wildlife conservation measures. The methodology for this research was guided by a descriptive research design which entailed the use of observation, questionnaires, and interviews to gather data. The samples were automatically classified into the two established genders, male and female. The findings concluded that the following attributes affect how the genders interact with Human-Wildlife Conflicts household roles, agricultural occupation, income loss, injuries, land ownership, and marital status. This was because the null hypothesis was disproved. After all, the p-value: =0.006435 was less than the agreed significance level of 0.05. These results indicate that there is a correlation between gender dynamics and Human-Wildlife Conflict. Therefore, gender mainstreaming needs to be considered in the wildlife conservation discourse.

Coupled forest zoning and agricultural intervention yields conflicting outcomes for tropical forest conservation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC)

Agricultural intensification and forest conservation are often seen as incompatible. Agricultural interventions can help boost food security for poor rural communities but in certain cases can exacerbate deforestation, known as the rebound effect. We tested whether coupling agricultural interventions with participatory forest zoning could improve food security and promote forest conservation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Simple agricultural interventions led to a >60% increase in cassava yields and a spill-over effect of improved cassava variety uptake in non-intervention zones. Household surveys conducted at the end of the 8 year project implementation period revealed that households that received agricultural interventions had more favorable attitudes toward forest zoning and conservation. The surveys also showed that farmers in the intervention domain practiced less land-intensive field and fallow management strategies compared to those practiced in the non-intervention domain. However, an 18 year time series analysis of Landsat satellite data revealed that agricultural expansion persisted in areas both with and without intervention assistance, and there is risk of a rebound effect. Approximately 70% of the tree cover loss that occurred outside of the agricultural areas was located within a 3 km buffer zone surrounding the outermost edges of the agricultural areas, which suggested that the majority of tree cover loss was caused by agricultural expansion. Within that 3 km buffer, average annual tree cover loss during the post-intervention period was higher in the intervention domain compared to the non-intervention domain (0.17% yr−1 compared to 0.11% yr−1 respectively, p < 0.001), suggesting risk of a rebound effect. The disconnection between household perceptions of zoning adherence and actual behavior indicates the importance of strengthening governance structures for community-based monitoring and enforcement.

Building a gender responsive framework for malaria elimination in Asia-Pacific

Since 2010, the Asia-Pacific region has made significant strides towards malaria elimination with a 63% decline in cases and 87% decline in deaths. Despite this, 300 million people continue to remain at high-risk.1 Increasingly, it is a disease of the rural poor and vulnerable communities. While history has shown that malaria can be eliminated without a gendered approach, applying the lens of gender in health programming can have the dual effect of improving outcomes while furthering gender equality.

Macro- and micronutrient composition of estuarine roundherring (Gilchristella aestuaria) (Pisces: Clupeidae) in the Eastern Cape, South Africa: a potential dietary source of essential nutrients

South Africa lacks research on the nutritional value of inland small fish species available to poor rural communities, despite the potential of such species to mitigate micronutrient deficiencies. Here we provide the first nutrient composition analysis for estuarine roundherring Gilchristella aestuaria, a widespread small fish species that is abundant in many estuarine and freshwater habitats. Protein, fat, calcium, iron, zinc and vitamin A content of G. aestuaria from five estuarine and two freshwater habitats were analysed. We found no difference in nutrient content between estuarine and freshwater habitats, and no significant correlation (Spearman’s test) between levels of each nutrient and variation in temperature, turbidity, pH, chlorophyll a, phosphates, nitrates and ammonia. Compared with other small fish species consumed in other countries, G. aestuaria has comparable iron, zinc, calcium, fat and protein, but very low levels of vitamin A. When considering the recommended dietary allowance of infants aged two or more, adult men and women, and pregnant and lactating women, we found that G. aestuaria is an excellent source of all these nutrients, except vitamin A.

Techno-economic and environmental feasibility study with demand-side management of photovoltaic/wind/hydroelectricity/battery/diesel: A case study in Sub-Saharan Africa

This paper presents an optimal design and selection made on four energy systems or configurations with criteria Loss of Power Supply Probability, Cost of Energy, Total Emission and the Diesel Contribution Factor using a Multi-objective Particle Swarm Optimization technique; for some rural communities selected from five different countries in the Sub-Saharan Africa region. These communities include BOGO, BOGOMORO, DANTIKA, GARA-ALI and KASSOUALA. Energy conservation demand-side management strategy is also applied in this study. The results obtained reveal that considerable savings are made with the demand-side management strategy and that Configuration 1 with demand-side management is the best energy system for the communities of BOGO, GARA-ALI and KASSOUALA; Configuration 2 with demand-side management is the best energy system for the communities of DANTIKA and BOGOMORO. For the case of BOGO, the best configuration consists of 196 solar panels, 10 wind turbines, 1 micro hydro generator, 1.5 days of storage system autonomy and 1 diesel generator with Cost of Energy 0.096 $/kWh, 15080.47 kg of Total Emission and 0.0002% of Diesel Contribution Factor. In DANTIKA, the best configuration 174 solar panels, 9 wind turbines, 1 micro hydro generator, 1.3 days of storage system autonomy with Cost of Energy 0.088 $/kWh and 10524.474 kg of Total Emission. Moreover, the results of this study can provide a good framework in the development of Hybrid renewable energy systems to solve the problem of energy deficit in poor rural communities.

Wealth inequalities in reproductive and child health preventive care in Mozambique: a decomposition analysis

ABSTRACT Background Assessing the gap between rich and poor is important to monitor inequalities in health. Identifying the contribution to that gap can help policymakers to develop interventions towards decreasing that difference. Objective To quantify the wealth inequalities in health preventive measures (bed net use, vaccination, and contraceptive use) to determine the demographic and socioeconomic contribution factors to that inequality using a decomposition analysis. Methods Data from the 2015 Immunisation, Malaria and AIDs Indicators Survey were used. The total sample included 6946 women aged 15–49 years. Outcomes were use of insecticide-treated nets (ITN), child vaccination, and modern contraception use. Wealth Index was the exposure variable and age, marital status, place of residence, region, education, occupation, and household wealth index were the explanatory variables. Wealth inequalities were assessed using concentration indexes (Cindex). Wagstaff-decomposition analysis was conducted to assess the determinants of the wealth inequality. Results The Cindex was −0.081 for non-ITN, −0.189 for lack of vaccination coverage and −0.284 for non-contraceptive use, indicating a pro-poor inequality. The results revealed that 88.41% of wealth gap for ITN was explained by socioeconomic factors, with education and wealth playing the largest roles. Lack of full vaccination, socioeconomic factors made the largest contribution, through the wealth variable, whereas geographic factors came next. Finally, the lack of contraceptive use, socioeconomic factors were the main explanatory factors, but to a lesser degree than the other two outcomes, with wealth and education contributing most to explaining the gap. Conclusion There was a pro-poor inequality in reproductive and child preventive measures in Mozambique. The greater part of this inequality could be attributed to wealth, education, and residence in rural areas. Resources should be channeled into poor and non-educated rural communities to tackle these persistent inequities in preventive care.

Optimization and techno-economic analysis of a solar photo-voltaic/biomass/diesel/battery hybrid off-grid power generation system for rural remote electrification in eastern India

This work presents a case study for powering energy poor remote rural communities of Eastern India with locally available solar, biomass, diesel energy resources using Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewables tool to identify the optimized system architecture. The selection of the energy resources has been based on the performance assessment of the resources. The software tool brings four different categorized optimized hybrid configurations using different architectures of resources mentioned above with battery bank. The study exposed that cost of electricity, and net present cost of the most suitable low cost optimized hybrid configuration (600 kW solar photo-voltaic/10 kW biomass generator/50 kW diesel generator/1000 kWh battery/200 kW bidirectional converter) is $0.222/kWh and $0.922 M. The system benefits in terms of reduced emissions and improved system economics. The use of solar energy resource in optimal system modelling provides 45.5% return of investment, 49.4% internal rate of return, payback period of 2.04 years, and discounted payback of 2.25 years from the system without solar photo-voltaic component. Additionally, variation of cost of electricity is analyzed by interpreting sensitivity variables affecting load, system economics, and power production of energy sources using one-dimensional and distinguished multi-dimensional approaches. Eventually, the proposed configuration suitability is justified by comparing with the esteemed works from existing literature.

Eco-geographic patterns of child malnutrition in India and its association with cereal cultivation: An analysis using demographic health survey and agriculture datasets.

Background:High prevalence of maternal malnutrition, low birth-weight and child malnutrition in India contribute substantially to the global malnutrition burden. Rural India has disproportionately higher levels of child malnutrition. Stunting and wasting are the primary determinants of child malnutrition and their district-level distribution shows clustering in different geographies and regions. Cereals, particularly millets, constitute the bulk of protein intake among the poor, especially in rural areas in India where high prevalence of wasting persists. Methods:The previous round of National Family Health Survey (NFHS4) has disaggregated data by district, enabling a more fine-scale characterisation of the prevalence of markers of malnutrition. We used data from NFHS4 and agricultural statistics datasets to analyse relationship of prevalence of malnutrition at the district level and area under cereal cultivation. We analysed malnutrition through data on under-5 stunting and wasting by district. Results:Stunting and wasting patterns across districts show a distinct geographical and age distribution; districts with higher wasting showed relatively higher prevalence at six months of age. Wasting prevalence at district level was associated with higher cultivation of millets, with a stronger association seen for jowar and other millets (Kodo millet, little millet, proso millet, barnyard millet and foxtail millet). District level stunting was associated with higher district level cultivation of wheat. In multivariable analysis, wasting was positively associated with women's body mass index and stunting with women's short stature. Conclusions:Well-designed intervention studies will be required to confirm causal pathways contributing to ecogeographic patterns of child malnutrition. The cultivation of other millets has a strong association with prevalence of wasting. State-of-the-art studies that improve our understanding of bio-availability of amino acids and other nutrients from the prevalent dietary matrices of rural poor communities will be needed to confirm causal pathways contributing to potential eco-geographic patterns.

Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic on Agricultural Food Production among Smallholder Farmers in Northern Drakensberg Areas of Bergville, South Africa

COVID-19 pandemic has greatly affected social and economic activities in the agriculture systems. The extent of pandemic disruptions on agriculture food production systems is lamentably scanty in rural areas. A survey was carried out in the Northern Drakensberg areas of Bergville, and it assessed the impact of COVID-19 on agricultural food production in smallholder farming systems comprising crop-livestock systems. A survey was conducted using structured questionnaires that measured the impact of COVID-19 within farming operations and average crop yield trends pre-COVID-19 and during COVID-19. Most farmers (77.1 to 92.4%) reported having limitations in accessing agricultural inputs of seeds, fertilizers, herbicides, fungicides, and insecticides during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results indicated a continuous decrease in yields of maize, dry beans, and soybeans across two years of cropping seasons during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study demonstrated that COVID-19 lockdowns accompanied by movement restrictions negatively impacted food production of staple crops (maize, dry beans, soybeans) despite suitable rains received during COVID-19 production periods. COVID-19 policies and legislations sensitive to the plight of poor rural communities are necessary as these communities are more reliant on local agricultural food production for their livelihoods and income. Strong co-operations must be established among input suppliers, smallholder farmers associations, extension services, and local retailers to assist smallholders to obtain inputs at local retailers even during COVID-19 lockdown restrictions.

Physical capability in a rural birth cohort at the age of 52: association with early environmental, nutritional, and developmental factors

IntroductionMidlife physical capability (PC) is associated with developmental factors in the populations of economically developed countries. As far as we know, there is no information for rural populations of low- and middle-income countries. The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of pre- and postnatal factors on midlife objective measures of PC in a 1966–67 birth cohort from a Mexican rural community. The hypothesis was that adverse developmental conditions are associated with low midlife PC.MethodsIn 1966–67, a birth cohort of all children from a poor Mexican rural community was assembled. Data on family socioeconomic status (SES), parental health and nutritional status, birth weight, postnatal growth and feeding patterns were registered. In 2018, out of the 336 cohort members, 118 were living in the community, and eighty-two of them underwent a comprehensive clinical evaluation. The evaluation included grip strength, gait velocity and chair-stand PC tests. In multivariable linear models, PC tests were the dependent variables, and prenatal, birth and postnatal factors were the independent variables. Adjustment for confounding was made with adult anthropometric, body composition, clinical and ageing status variables.ResultsIndependent of adult health status and other ageing indicators, lower PC was associated with family organization and SES, parental nutritional status, birth weight, infant postnatal growth velocity, and weaning time. These results indicate that adverse family and environmental conditions that are prevalent in poor rural communities are associated with low midlife PC.

“If I Were to Suffer a Stroke Right Now, the First Place That I Should Be Taken to Is the Traditional Healer”: Community Beliefs and Health-Seeking Practices for Noncommunicable Diseases in Rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

The burden of chronic noncommunicable diseases in rural South Africa is exacerbated by delayed health care seeking resulting in poor access to health care. This study explored awareness, beliefs and health-seeking behaviour relating to diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular diseases in Ingwavuma, a poor rural community in the uMkhanyakude district of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Eight gender and age-stratified Focus Group Discussions (FGD) were conducted in isiZulu using a pre-tested FGD guide with seventy-six participants. Thematic analysis was done to discern views on access to care for noncommunicable diseases. Findings revealed limited awareness of hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular-related disease burden. The community practices medical plurality, and consultation with traditional healers precedes biomedical care for acute illness with symptoms like metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases. Males prefer self-care and herbal remedies probably due to cultural and masculinity expectations. Furthermore, distant health facilities and transport costs hinder biomedical care utilisation. Our study revealed the nuanced interaction of cultural and socioeconomic factors on chronic noncommunicable disease perception and health-seeking practices in Ingwavuma. The study indicates the need for improving access to primary healthcare facilities and community-based health promotion in partnership with community stakeholders to improve awareness and health-seeking behaviour.

Efficacy of Indigenous Knowledge and Selected Modified Storage Structures to Insect Pests of Maize during Home Storage: A Review

Maize (Zea mays L) is an important food crop in Ethiopia and is produced in a number of agro ecologies in the region. Despite the favorable environmental conditions for its production, maize is infected by several insect pests before and after harvest, due to poor pre- and post-harvest practices/handling. Farmers store the produce for two reasons; for home consumption and marketing. They may not accept improvements which incur costs when storing primarily for home consumption. Thus, this review will assess the use of indigenous knowledge and modified storage structures to store maize by controlling postharvest insect pests. The use of indigenous knowledge has been seen by many as an alternative way of promoting development in poor rural communities in many parts of the world. Most developing countries are in the tropics, often in areas of high rainfall and humidity. These conditions are ideal for the development of micro-organisms and insects which cause high levels of deterioration of crops in store. Food losses during storage are the result of biological, chemical or physical damage. In earlier times various indigenous items and methods were used for storage of household items including food items, clothing and bedding etc. The shelf life or storage span of items was increased using readily available and low cost items like mineral substances (ash, sand, table salt, camphor, and inert dust) and other different plant materials and they are the common methods adopted by majority of the rural farmers for storing the grains although majority of them are not aware of the reasons or qualities of these materials and are using them as age old wisdom. Modified storage structures such as hermetic storage, bamboo mat with mud plastering, jute bag with inner plastic lining, metal bins and others are another technique adopted by farmers for maize storage. So it can be concluded that many of the indigenous practices find credibility even in today’s period. Moreover, their user-friendly approach, local availability associated with scientific reasoning provides enjoyment and satisfaction to the users. It must therefore be encouraged to use only those eco-friendly practices that are known to be both safe and effective. These practices must be modified to make them more efficient for further transfer to the end users in the future.

Food security and livelihood challenges of extensive goat production systems in desertification areas

Abstract Undernourishment and food insecurity are still challenges threatening poor urban and rural communities. Approximately 12% of the global population faced severe food insecurity in 2020, representing 928 million people. A significant fraction of the world’s land surface is covered by drylands, and this proportion is expected to increase in the future, affecting the food security and livelihood of 2 billion people due to climate change. Goats have traditionally been a significant asset and source of protein for rural communities inhabiting arid and semiarid regions of the world. We hypothesize that goats were intentionally selected by communities in dry environments and might be the optimal animal to breed in the future due to their capability to survive in dry environments and to utilize less water than other livestock production systems. However, it must be considered that only a small fraction (1%–2%) of the total water consumed by goats is drunk or utilized directly by the animals. Most of the water consumed is utilized to grow the feed that livestock such as goats consumes. Which in most regions of the world is green water due to goats feed on the vegetation that grows in rainfed rangelands. Increasing water efficiency in goat production is thus critical in the context of increasing water scarcity and desertification. However, there is little research on goat water productivity and the impact of decreasing water security on the sustainability of goat production and, hence, on the livelihoods in small communities in developing countries. Therefore, the impact AQ: Please restrict the word count of &#x201C;Abstract&#x201D; to 250 words as is the style requirement--> of increasing water scarcity and desertification on goat production in rainfed lands should be a research priority.

THE IMPACT OF POVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGIES DURING COVID 19 IN SOUTH AFRICA

This article focuses on investigating the impact of poverty reduction strategies during Covid 19 in improving the quality of lives of the people in our local municipalities, in relation to interventions that have been implemented by the South African government to address poverty. The main aim of the article is to understand the situation in our municipalities and come up with recommendations that will assist government to enhance delivery of poverty reduction strategy in order to improve the quality of life of the rural poor communities. The research methodology for the study is descriptive, sourced from available literature. Due to the restricted extent of the research, no empirical survey was conducted. A number of normative criteria that dealt with the research problem were identified from the available literature, from which findings were drawn and recommendations made. The findings on this article show that; whilst significant progress has been made to address poverty through policy and legal frameworks and through implementation of poverty reduction strategies and programmes, there is a general consensus in literature that poverty is still widespread in South Africa and that activities put in place to reduce and eradicate it are not sufficiently translating into required outputs necessary for desired outcomes which ultimately impact on poverty. The study has identified the gaps that exist in service delivery as well as the challenges faced by government in effectively impacting on poverty through its poverty reduction programmes. The article will be structured as follows: Introduction, Literature review, Methodology, Results, Discussion and findings, Recommendations, Conclusion and References.

Spurious infection by Calodium hepaticum (Bancroft, 1983) Moravec, 1982 and intestinal parasites in forest reserve dwellers in Western Brazilian Amazon.

ABSTRACTSubsistence hunting is the main source of protein for forest reserve dwellers, contributing to the development of spurious infections by Calodium hepaticum, frequently associated with the consumption of the liver from wild mammals. The prevalence of infections by soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) and intestinal protozoa is considered an indicator of the social vulnerability of a country, besides providing information on habits, customs and quality of life of a given population. Intestinal parasites mostly affect poor rural communities with limited access to clean water and adequate sanitation. This study reports the results of a parasitological survey carried out in 2017 and 2019, in two municipalities (Xapuri and Sena Madureira) in Acre State. Stool samples were collected from 276 inhabitants. Upon receipt, each sample was divided into two aliquots. Fresh samples without preservative were processed and examined by the Kato-Katz technique. Samples fixed in 10% formalin were processed by the spontaneous sedimentation and the centrifugal sedimentation techniques. Calodium hepaticum eggs were found in three stool samples. The overall STH prevalence was 44.9%. The hookworm prevalence (19.2%) was higher than that of Ascaris lumbricoides (2.5%) and Trichuris trichiura (0.7%), an unexpected finding for municipalities belonging to the Western Brazilian Amazon. When considering parasites transmitted via the fecal-oral route, Endolimax nana and Entamoeba coli showed the highest positivity rates, of 13% and 10.9%, respectively. This study is the first report of spurious infection by C. hepaticum among forest reserve dwellers that consume undercooked liver of lowland pacas. Additionally, this is the first report of Blastocystis sp. in Acre State.

CONSEQUENCES OF LOSS OF COMMON PROPERTY RESOURCES IN THE SELECTED BLOCK, DINDIGUL DISTRICT OF TAMILNADU

Common property land resources include grazing ground, community pasture, village forests and woodlots, and village sites, on which the villagers have legal usufructuary rights; these land resources also include all another land formally held by the panchayat or a community of the villages (NSS 54th round). For a collection of data of common land resources de jure and e facto approaches were considered. Forest land resources which are under the jurisdiction of the forest department was also considered as poor dependent rural communities are directly or indirectly dependent on the forest for livelihoods. From the report of NSS 54th round, it is observed that 15% of India’s total geographical area substantially forms a part of common land resources. Consequences of loss of common property resources and depletion of common property resources resulted largely because there was no private cost for using these resources. Privatization of common property resources in the arid zone has invariably meant the conversion of common property resources land into cropland.

Paratuberculosis: The Hidden Killer of Small Ruminants.

Simple SummaryParatuberculosis is a chronic disease of ruminants and many non-ruminant animals caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. Affected animals show diarrhoea, loss of weight, and decreased production performance with consequent economic losses. This bacterium has been detected in some humans suffering from a chronic intestinal disease known as Crohn’s disease (CD) and, therefore, some scientists believe that CD is the human form of paratuberculosis. The disease in small ruminants has been reported in all continents, with goats being more susceptible than sheep. The clinical signs of the disease in goats are not so obvious as often do not show signs of diarrhoea, and the animal may die before being finally diagnosed. In Africa and many developing countries, paratuberculosis is described as a “neglected disease” particularly in small ruminants, which play a vital role in the livelihood of poor communities. This overview attempts to highlight the current research and gaps on this disease in small ruminants to draw more attention for further studies on diagnosis, prevention and control.Paratuberculosis (PTB) is a contagious and chronic enteric disease of ruminants and many non-ruminants caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP), and is characterised by diarrhoea and progressive emaciation with consequent serious economic losses due to death, early culling, and reduced productivity. In addition, indirect economic losses may arise from trade restrictions. Besides being a production limiting disease, PTB is a potential zoonosis; MAP has been isolated from Crohn’s disease patients and was associated with other human diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, Type 1 diabetes, and multiple sclerosis. Paratuberculosis in sheep and goats may be globally distributed though information on the prevalence and economic impact in many developing countries seem to be scanty. Goats are more susceptible to infection than sheep and both species are likely to develop the clinical disease. Ingestion of feed and water contaminated with faeces of MAP-positive animals is the common route of infection, which then spreads horizontally and vertically. In African countries, PTB has been described as a “neglected disease”, and in small ruminants, which support the livelihood of people in rural areas and poor communities, the disease was rarely reported. Prevention and control of small ruminants’ PTB is difficult because diagnostic assays demonstrate poor sensitivity early in the disease process, in addition to the difficulties in identifying subclinically infected animals. Further studies are needed to provide more insight on molecular epidemiology, transmission, and impact on other animals or humans, socio-economic aspects, prevention and control of small ruminant PTB.

A Review on Empowering Farmers through Technology Adoption towards Poverty Alleviation in Developing Countries

Poverty alleviation is critical to improving the living standards of communities that earn less than $1 per day; the majority of them work in agriculture in developing countries. Lack of technological adoption is a significant factor influencing agricultural performance and minimizes the income of the poor rural community in many developing countries. The primary goal of this paper is to empirically validate the link between empowerment and technology adoption in the context of poverty alleviation. The current study conducted a review study to assess the influence of empowerment and technology adoption on poverty alleviation within the agricultural community in developing nations from 2010 to 2020, identified 11 studies that fulfilled our inclusion criteria. Technology adoption can empower individuals and alleviate poverty in many ways. The cumulative impact of technology interventions on empowerment is determined by how these factors interact independently and cohesively. Improved technology adoption is essential, but it is not enough to prevent poverty at the domestic level. Agriculture science and technology, community development approaches, policies, and systematic structure need to address poverty alleviation. The empowerment approach provides a holistic vision of sustainable community development. Finally, empowerment is essential for poverty alleviation through technology adoption in developing countries.