From 1970 to 1973, an insular population of Armenian wild sheep (Ovis orientalis gmelinii) in an area of 3145 hectares declined from an estimated 3500 to 1000. The dry spring and summer of 1971, the severe winter of 1971-72, and the poor range conditions engendered by heavy overstocking were the major factors contributing to the 1971-72 die-off. During that die-off less than 1 percent of the lamb crop survived. Net productivity during 1971, 1972, and 1973 was 14 percent, less than 1 percent, and 15 percent respectively. Under present poor range conditions, the recommended population level is 500 animals. J. WILDL. MANAGE. 41(4):720-725 Kabudan Island, situated in northwestern Iran (Fig. 1), is inhabitated by a population of Armenian wild sheep which were introduced in unknown numbers from the mainland in the nineteenth century (Nasonov 1923). When the island was declared a wildlife refuge in 1967, all domestic sheep and goat grazing was prohibited. Except for 2 game wardens who patrol the area, there are no permanent human inhabitants on the island. To establish natural predation, an adult male and female leopard (Panthera pardus) trapped in northeastern Iran were introduced on the island in 1969. Limited hunting of wild sheep was allowed on the island until 1973. The population dynamics of the wild sheep population were documented between May 1971 and May 1975. We thank the Iran Department of the Environment field personnel for their assistance and in particular the Director, H. E. Eskandar Firouz, for his support of these studies.