Poor Level Research Articles

How do women comply with cancer screenings? A study in four regions of France

BackgroundThis article looks at the behaviour of women facing different cancer screening options available to them from the age of 50 onward. The study was conducted in 2019 in four departments of the French territory with the objective of identifying the factors that influence acceptance of a population-based screening proposal.MethodsA questionnaire was sent to women who had received three invitations to organised screenings (OS) for both breast and colorectal cancer. The categories of participants in both OS were designed from data from the regional cancer screening coordination centres in each department. Participation in opportunistic cervical cancer screening was evaluated as self-reported data.Results4,634 questionnaires were returned out of the 17,194 sent, giving a global return rate of 27%. The highest rate of return (73.5%) was obtained from women who had participated at least once in both breast and colorectal cancer OS. An intermediate rate was obtained from women participating in breast cancer OS only (18.7%). Poor levels of return came from women who had participated in colorectal cancer OS only (3.6%) and from non-participants (4.1%). Our results suggest that women with lower educational levels tend to be the most regular attendants at OS (50.3%), compared to highly educated women (39.7%). 11.8% of women were overdue in their opportunistic cervical cancer screening. This percentage rose to 35.4% in the category of non-participants. In addition, women’s comments provide a better understanding of the reasons for irregular attendance and non-participation.ConclusionOverall, similar behaviours towards screening were observed in the four departments. Our analysis suggests that participation in one cancer OS increases the likelihood of participating in others. This adhesion could be an interesting lever for raising women’s awareness of other cancer screenings.

The impact of campus housing problems faced by female expatriate students on the level of their academic achievement

AbstractThis study aimed to identify the impact of campus housing problems faced by female expatriate students on their academic achievement. The study sample included 140 female students living in campus housing. The results showed that the value of the impact of campus housing problems on academic achievement reached a total weight of 7663 and a weighted relative weight of 60.82%, indicating a moderate level of impact. Psychological problems were ranked first at 35.01%, followed by social problems at 32.63%, and organizational problems at 32.3%. The study concludes several key problems faced by female expatriate students, including a lack of social support, difficult procedures for family visits and a lack of study resources within campus housing such as offices, stationery, ink, paper and printing. These problems have led to a poor level of academic achievement for female expatriate students.

Mastication inefficiency due to diminished or lack of occlusal support is associated with increased blood glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes.

It has been shown that mastication may contribute to a lower risk of diabetes, and occlusal support reduced the risk of diabetes by improving glucose metabolism after meals. However, the relationship between inefficient mastication and blood glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) remains unclear. This retrospective study, therefore, aimed to investigate the association between mastication inefficiency due to diminished occlusal support and blood glucose control in subjects with T2D. Ninety-four subjects (mean of 54.9 years) were recruited in this study. Subjects with at least 1-year T2D medical history and current medications for T2D were included. Subjects were divided into 2 groups: The control group (41 subjects) included Eichner group A (4 occlusal functional areas in the posterior area). The test group (53 subjects) included Eichner group B (1-3 occlusal functional areas) and group C (no natural occlusal contact). Blood glucose level was significantly lower in the control group participants than in the test group. Subject(s) showing diminished or lack of occlusal support and requiring a fixed restoration were treated with an implant-supported fixed restoration. These groups' levels of glycated hemoglobin (A1c) were compared using the independent student t-test. Blood glucose level was significantly lower in the control group (7.48) as compared to those in the test group (9.42). The mean differences between the two groups were 1.94 ± 0.39 (p = 0.0001). Differences in white blood cell counts and body mass index (BMI) were not statistically significant between groups. Blood glucose levels could be reduced (from A1c 9.1 to 6.2) following a fixed implant-supported restoration in T2D patients with diminished occlusal support. The results suggested that masticatory inefficiency due to diminished dental occlusion was associated with an increase in poor controlled-blood glucose levels among T2D patients.

The effects of host country language proficiency on the relationship between psychological contract breach, violation, and work behaviors: A moderated mediation model

As self-initiated expatriates (SIEs) often struggle to communicate in the common corporate language and/or host country language, the aim of this study is to determine if host country language proficiency (HCLP) facilitates communication. As a corollary HCLP might reduce the negative impact of psychological contract (PC) breach on PC violation, and ultimately the positive impact on counterproductive work behaviors (CWB) and the negative impact on organizational citizenship behaviors (OCB). This study uses a repeated-measurement design with three measurement points from 300 SIEs. Using a moderated mediation path model, we found that PC breach at T1 is positively associated with CWB and negatively associated with OCB at T3 through PC violation at T2. Furthermore, HCLP at T1 moderates the positive PC breach–PC violation relationship. Specifically, HCLP amplifies the indirect relationships between PC breach, CWB, and OCB for participants with poor levels of HCLP. This study demonstrates the need of improving HCLP of SIEs. We discuss additional implications for theory, practice and future research.

Conocimientos y actitudes sobre hepatitis B en internos de medicina humana de las universidades acreditadas en la región Lambayeque, Perú, 2020

Objective. To determine the sociodemographic and clinical factors associated with the level of knowledge and attitudes about hepatitis B in human medicine interns of accredited universities in the Lambayeque region, 2020. Material and methods. Observational, quantitative, cross-sectional analytical study. The population was 123 human medicine interns in the year 2020. A validated questionnaire of 19 questions was virtually applied to measure the level of knowledge about hepatitis B, and a Likert-type scale with 14 items, for attitudes. Data analysis was performed with SPSS version 22.0 statistical software. Participation was voluntary. Results. Of the 93 respondents, 54.8% were female and the median age was 24 years. A total of 95.7% had received the HBV vaccine, but only 58.4% had received all three doses. The level of knowledge was poor in 93.5% and fair in 6.5%. The attitude towards hepatitis B was favorable in 73.1 % and unfavorable in 26.9 %. Bivariate analysis showed no association between sociodemographic and clinical variables with knowledge or attitude towards hepatitis B (p>0.05). Conclusions. Medical interns from accredited universities in Lambayeque have a poor level of knowledge and an unfavorable attitude towards HBV. There was no association between sociodemographic variables and level of knowledge or attitudes, nor between attitude and level of knowledge.

Digital literacy level and associated factors among health professionals in a referral and teaching hospital: An implication for future digital health systems implementation.

In Ethiopia and other developing countries, electronic medical record systems and other health information technology are being introduced. However, a small proportion of low-income countries have successfully implemented national health information systems. One cause for this can be the lack of digital literacy among medical practitioners. As a result, this study aimed to assess health professionals' digital literacy level and associated factors in Northwest Ethiopia. A quantitative cross-sectional study was employed among 423 health professionals working in a teaching and referral hospital in Northwest Ethiopia. We modified and applied the European commission's framework for digital competency to assess the level of digital literacy among health professionals. We used stratified random sampling with proportional allocation to the size of the departments in the hospital to select study participants. Data were collected using a semi-structured, self-administered, and pretested questionnaire. Descriptive and binary logistic regression analysis techniques were used to describe respondents' digital literacy level and identify its associated factor, respectively. The odds ratio with 95% CI and value of p were used to assess the strength of the association and statistical significance, respectively. Out of 411 participants, 51.8% (95% CI, 46.9-56.6%) of health professionals had adequate digital literacy. Holding a master's degree (Adjusted OR = 2.13, 95% CI: 1.18-3.85), access to digital technology (AOR = 1.89, 95% CI: 1.12-3.17), having training in digital technology (AOR = 1.65, 95% CI: 1.05-2.59), and having a positive attitude towards digital health technology (AOR = 1.64, 95% CI: 1.02-2.68) were found to be significant factors associated with health professionals digital literacy level of health professionals. Low level of digital literacy among health professionals was observed, with nearly half (48.2%) of them having poor digital literacy levels. Access to digital technology, training on digital technology, and attitude toward digital health technology were significant factors associated with digital literacy. It is suggested to increase computer accessibility, provide a training program on digital health technology, and promote a positive attitude toward this technology to improve the deployment of health information systems.

Global Health in Undergraduate Education: Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Sudanese Medical Students towards Global Health Education: a cross-sectional study

IntroductionGlobalization and other relevant phenomena such as healthcare workforce, ageing of the population, brain drain etc. all necessitate medical curricula to transcend national medicine and encompass a more global approach. This is especially true in the context of developing countries which currently act as passive recipients of ongoing global decisions, health inequities or pandemics. The aim of this research was to study the Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Sudanese medical students towards global health education and the impact of extra-curricular activities on their knowledge and attitudes.MethodsThis was a descriptive cross-sectional institutional based study. The study was conducted in five Sudanese Universities and participants were selected using systematic random sampling. An online-based, self-administered questionnaire was used, samples were collected between November 2019 until April 2020 and data was analyzed using SPSS version 25.Results1176 medical students were involved. The study revealed a poor level of knowledge among 72.4%, and only 2.3% of respondents revealed a good level of knowledge. Mean knowledge scores between Universities slightly vary and have shown positive correlation according to the grade of the medical student. Regarding attitude, the results demonstrated the high level of interest of medical students in global health, their agreement in including global health in their official medical education curriculum (64.8%) and their consideration of including global health as part of their future career (46.8%).ConclusionThe study concluded that there is a knowledge gap among Sudanese medical students regarding global health education, although students showed good attitudes and willingness to include global health in their official curriculum.RecommendationsGlobal health education should be implemented in the official curriculums of Sudanese Universities, and Universities should do global partnerships and increase the learning and teaching opportunities in this interesting field.

An Assessment of the Knowledge and Awareness of Common Otorhinolaryngology-Related Issues Among School and University Students in Makkah City, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background Otorhinolaryngology (ENT) illnesses commonly affect all individuals with a broad range of symptoms, and most causes are preventable. According to the WHO, more than 278 million people have bilateral hearing loss. Locally, a previously published study done in Riyadh showed that most participants (79.4%) had a poor level of knowledge on common ENT-related diseases. The current study aims to investigate and explore the knowledge of and attitudes toward common ENT problems among students in Makkah City, Saudi Arabia. Method This descriptive, cross-sectional study used an Arabic-language electronic questionnaire to assess knowledge of common ENT problems. It was distributed to medical students at Umm Al-Qura University and students attending Makkah City high schools in Saudi Arabia between November 2021 and October 2022. The sample size was calculated to be 385 participants. Results Overall 1080 respondents were enrolled in this survey from Makkah City. Participants with good knowledge of common ENT diseases were over 20 years of age with a p-value <0.001. Furthermore, females also had a significant p-value of <0.004, and those with bachelor's or university degrees showed a statistically significant p-value of <0.001. Conclusion Female participants with bachelor's or university degrees and participants aged 20 and older showed superior knowledge. Our findings indicate that students need educational implications and awareness campaigns to increase their knowledge, practice, and perception toward common otorhinolaryngology-related issues.

Study on the Habits among Adolescents of Government Secondary School students in Aizawl City

The term adolescence originates from the Latin verb adolescere, which means to grow or mature, and refers to the phase of development that lies between childhood and adulthood. However, there is considerable disagreement about the precise beginning and end of this period, particularly in Western societies where it tends to be prolonged. For most people, adolescence is a transitional stage between childhood and adulthood that is characterized by gradual and uncertain changes. The boundaries between the two stages are often unclear, and the length of this phase varies from person to person. Despite this, most individuals eventually emerge from adolescence as mature, responsible, and creative adults. Essentially, adolescence serves as a bridge between childhood and adulthood, which individuals must cross in order to attain full adult status and all its associated privileges. One of the most insightful definitions of adolescence was offered by Sieg, who defined it as the period during which an individual begins to feel entitled to adult privileges that are not yet granted, and which ends when the individual is fully recognized as an adult by society and given full social status and power. This study aimed to investigate the study and extracurricular habits of government secondary school students. The results indicate that 49.56% of the students possess a high level of study habits, 45.65% exhibit an average level, and only 4.78% demonstrate poor study habits. Furthermore, 61.30% of the students fall within the average level of extracurricular habits, while 21.73% exhibit high levels and 17.39% exhibit poor levels of extracurricular habits. Overall, it can be concluded that the government secondary students in Aizawl demonstrate good study habits and average extracurricular habits.

Progressive muscle relaxation exercises in patients with COVID-19: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Patients with COVID-19 will experience high levels of anxiety and depression and poor levels of sleep and quality of life (QoL) due to isolation treatment and uncertain outcomes. Progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) exercises show promising treatment effects on mental health and sleep problems and overall QoL in COVID-19 patients. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of PMR exercises in patients with COVID-19. Both experimental and non-experimental studies related to PMR and COVID-19 were systematically searched in the PubMed, Cochrane Library, PEDro and HINARI databases for studies published from the occurrence of the pandemic to December 2022. Study selection, methodological quality assessment and data extraction were carried out by 2 independent authors. Efficacy outcomes were evaluated for sleep quality, anxiety, depression, and QoL. The safety outcomes were evaluated based on adverse events reported. Review manager (RevMan 5.4, Cochrane collaboration) was used for the data analysis. Four studies with 227 subjects were included in this systematic review. The pooled results indicated that PMR interventions improved the sleep quality score standardized mean difference (SMD): -0.23; 95% confidence interval (CI): -0.54, 0.07; P = .13, level of anxiety SMD: -1.35; 95% CI -2.38, -0.32; P = .01 compared to the usual care. Depression level, disease severity and QoL were also improved following PMR interventions. Only 1 study reported worsening of 1 patient clinical status while all other studies did not report any adverse events during the interventions. PMR interventions can improve the sleep quality, anxiety, depression, disease severity and QoL in patients with mild to moderate COVID-19 in a short-term period compared to the usual care. However, there was indecision about the safety and long-term effects of PMR.

Greener theatre, greener surgery - environmental sustainability in a rural surgical setup.

Greener theatre, greener surgery - environmental sustainability in a rural surgical setup.

Association of Life’s Simple 7 and ideal cardiovascular health in American Indians/Alaska Natives

ObjectiveAmerican Indians and Alaska Natives (AI/ANs) are an understudied population at high risk for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs); little is known about contextual factors contributing to CVDs in AI/ANs. This study...

The Relationship Between Teacher’s Autonomy-Supportive Behavior and Learning Strategies Applied by Students: The Role of Teacher Support and Equity

This study aimed to investigate the role of teacher support and equity in the relationship between teacher’s autonomy-promoting behavior and students’ learning strategies. The approach examines the direct relationship between teacher’s autonomy-supportive behavior and students’ learning strategies and via perceived teacher support. It also discusses the effect of perceived equity for the relationship between autonomy-supportive behavior in teacher’s and teacher support. Data were obtained from 24 secondary schools in nine Lithuanian municipalities with poor socioeconomic level contexts ( N = 632 pupils). The findings revealed that teacher’s autonomy-supportive behavior is directly associated to student’s greater use of learning strategies, as well as through a mediator—student’s perceptions of teacher support. The association between teacher’s autonomy-supportive behavior and teacher support is moderated by students’ perceived equity so that the positive relationship is stronger for students with a higher than with a lower perceived equity. This study adds to the understanding of the importance of teacher behavior for students’ learning by concentrating on equity, which is especially essential for students from low-income families. Teachers may foster equity by providing more possibilities for autonomy for all students, creating a supportive classroom environment and inviting students to be active participants in the learning process.

An Evaluation of Draminski Detector as an Early Detection Tool for Subclinical Mastitis in Dairy Cattle in Pondok Ranggon Farm

Subclinical mastitis is one of the main problems in the development of dairy farming in Indonesia. Several screening test tools have been developed to support of control program for this problem. This study aimed to assess the suitability of the Draminski detector as a screening tool for subclinical mastitis in dairy cows. Quaternary milk samples from 27 dairy cows during normal lactation in the Pondok Ranggon area, East Jakarta were collected to be evaluated for the possibility of coming from quarters suffering from subclinical mastitis. Each milk sample was tested with 3 types of tests, i.e. the Breed method (golden standard) which was based on the number of somatic cells, the device Milkchecker which was based on electrical conductivity, and the Draminski detector which was based on electrical resistance. The results showed that the Draminski detector had a poor level of compatibility with the Breed method as the golden standard (Kappa value 0,013) and the Milkchecker tool (Kappa value 0,036). This test method was also considered to have poor test performance in diagnosing cases of subclinical mastitis in dairy cattle with a sensitivity value of 3,5%, specificity 100%, positive predictive value 100%, negative predictive value 18,8%, estimated prevalence 2,9%, and the true prevalence was 81,7%. In conclusion, the Draminski detector cannot be used to replace the Breed method and Milkchchecker as a screening test tool in cases of subclinical mastitis in dairy farms in Indonesia which were generally reared in the dairy farms.

Violence against nurses in the emergency department: an observational study

ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the number and risk factors of violent events encountered in the emergency department. An observation grid was developed following interviews with emergency department staff to...

Improving the Standby Process Completion Rate Among Nurses for High-Risk Neonates

Readiness process effectiveness significantly impacts the safety of high-risk neonates and requires an immediately responsive and well-trained healthcare team. Analysis of our unit found the high-risk neonatal standby process completion rate among nursing staff to be very low. Reasons for this poor level of performance included absence of standardized procedures for high-risk neonatal standby, lack of an auditing system, inadequate education and training, multiple medical supplies in the standby kits, absence of a checklist for the kits, and failure to regularly inventory the contents of these kits. This study was designed to improve the high-risk neonatal standby process completion rate among nursing staff. We developed standardized procedures and videos for high-risk neonatal standby situations, established an auditing system, conducted regular scenario-based training, organized medical supplies in the standby kits, designed a checklist, and defined procedures for stocking and using the supplies. The high-risk neonatal care completion rate among nursing staff increased to 100%, and the satisfaction rate with the standby procedure for high-risk neonates rose from 59.5% to 96.5%. Following proper standardized procedures and conducting education and training can ensure effective and high-quality care in critical healthcare situations.

Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) Infection and Vaccination: Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices among Young Adults Attending Universities in Cameroon

Aims: This study was initiated to assess the knowledge of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and vaccination, attitudes towards HPV vaccines, as well as risky sexual practices of young university students towards HPV infection. &#x0D; Study Design: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study that included university-going young adults of both sexes, aged 18 to 25 years. &#x0D; Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in four randomly selected state universities, located in different geographic regions of Cameroon. The study took place between April and July 2022.&#x0D; Methodology: The survey instrument was a self-administered anonymous questionnaire. Participants were randomly given questionnaires to be completed. Data was imported into SPSS version 23 software for analyses. Participants were categorised into one of two groups - poor level of knowledge and good level of knowledge, depending on the number of correct answers to 7 questions about knowledge of HPV infection and vaccination. Chi-square test and logistic regression were used to examine differences in parameters.&#x0D; Results: 1263 questionnaires were returned. Most participants (78.9%) were undergraduates aged 20 - 21 years (32.7%). Overall, just 87/1263 (6.9%) of participants had a good knowledge of HPV infection and vaccination, most of whom were females (56.7%). Educational level (OR 3.11, 95% CI (1.24 – 7.85), P = .02), field of study (OR 0.42, 95% CI (0.17 – 1.04), P = .04) and plans to become vaccinated (OR 0.33, 95% CI (0.14 – 0.76), P = .009) were predictors of good knowledge of HPV. Attitudes towards HPV vaccination were overall positive. 71.9% participants were sexually active, most of whom only used condoms sometimes (47.2%).&#x0D; Conclusion: These findings underscore the need for educational programs and public health policies targeted to this age bracket, to increase students’ awareness of the risks associated with HPV infection as this can potentially increase the vaccination rate in the country.

Competence of Pharmacy Students in Reading Comprehension

The puropose of this research were to: 1) investigated the students’ competence in Reading comprehension at pharmacy department, 2) to find out the students’ problems in answer to reading questions. In this research used descriptive quantitative. The research used thirty students at Pharmacy Department at English Course. The data thorugh test. The results of this research show that their competence in reading comprehension was excellent (64%). Most of the students still problems to reading comprehension its show that many students are in fair level or 10 %and very poor level or 12%, its means that still students are less competence to comprehension of reading its cause the students are not understanding means of the questions, lazy for reading which make the students are over answers to avoid the mistake it’s show on results and analysis above. So, it can be conclude that the students at Pharmacy Department Universitas have competence in reading comprehension and the researcher still found that the some of the students are problem to comprehension of reading.

Monkeypox Post-COVID-19: Knowledge, Worrying, and Vaccine Adoption in the Arabic General Population.

The outbreak of monkeypox was declared a global public health emergency by the World Health Organization on 23 July 2022. There have been 60,000 cases reported worldwide, most of which are in places where monkeypox has never been seen due to the travel of people who have the virus. This research aims to evaluate the general Arabic population in regard to the monkeypox disease, fears, and vaccine adoption after the WHO proclaimed a monkeypox epidemic and to compare these attitudes to those of the COVID-19 pandemic. This cross-sectional study was performed in some Arabic countries (Syria, Egypt, Qatar, Yemen, Jordan, Sudan, Algeria, and Iraq) between 18 August and 7 September 2022. The inclusion criteria were the general public residing in Arabic nations and being older than 18. This questionnaire has 32 questions separated into three sections: sociodemographic variables, prior COVID-19 exposure, and COVID-19 vaccination history. The second portion assesses the knowledge and anxieties about monkeypox, while the third section includes the generalized anxiety disorder (GAD7) scale. Logistic regression analyses were performed to compute the adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and their confidence intervals (95%CI) using STATA (version 17.0). A total of 3665 respondents from 17 Arabic countries were involved in this study. Almost two-thirds (n = 2427, 66.2%) of the participants expressed more worry about COVID-19 than monkeypox diseases. Regarding the major cause for concern about monkeypox, 39.5% of participants attributed their anxiety to the fear that they or a member of their family may contract the illness, while 38.4% were concerned about monkeypox becoming another worldwide pandemic. According to the GAD 7 score, 71.7% of the respondents showed very low anxiety toward monkeypox and 43.8% of the participants scored poor levels of knowledge about monkeypox disease. Participants with previous COVID-19 infection showed a 1.206 times greater acceptance to receive the monkeypox vaccine than those with no previous infection. A 3.097 times higher concern for monkeypox than COVID-19 was shown by the participants who perceived monkeypox as dangerous and virulent than those who did not. Participants who have a chronic disease (aOR: 1.32; 95%CI: 1.09-1.60); participants worried about monkeypox (aOR: 1.21; 95%CI: 1.04-1.40), and perceived monkeypox as a dangerous and virulent disease (aOR: 2.25; 95%CI: 1.92-2.65); and excellent knowledge level (aOR: 2.28; 95%CI: 1.79-2.90) have emerged as significant predictors. Our study reported that three-fourths of the participants were more concerned about COVID-19 than monkeypox disease. In addition, most of the participants have inadequate levels of knowledge regarding monkeypox disease. Hence, immediate action should be taken to address this problem. Consequently, learning about monkeypox and spreading information about its prevention is crucial.

A Comprehensive Review on Major Zoonotic Parasites From Dogs and Cats

Zoonotic diseases are significant causes of morbidity and mortality in humans and animals, including birds. These diseases are transmitted through several routes and are reported in developing and developed nations of the world. The dogs and cats also act as the reservoirs of a large number of parasitic zoonoses, including toxoplasmosis, giardiasis, leishmaniasis, toxocariasis, and cryptosporidiosis. The roles of pet animals (cats and dogs) in transmitting human infections have been recognized worldwide. Since most of these parasites have an oral-fecal transmission cycle, the transmission of these zoonotic agents could occur through indirect contact with animal feces, contaminated water, and food, or direct contact with infected animals. In addition, the soil is an important route for the transmission of human pathogens. In socioeconomically disadvantaged communities, the poor levels of hygiene and overcrowding, together with a lack of veterinary attention and zoonotic awareness, exacerbate the risks of disease transmission. Traditional husbandry and inadequate management practices, the mixing of wild animals with farm animals, and unrestricted movement and living pastoralists with their animals can all contribute to the development of zoonotic diseases. Therefore, veterinarians are thought to be on the ‘front line’ of the prevention of pet animal-associated zoonotic parasitic infections.