Poor Level Of Knowledge Research Articles

Engaging community pharmacists to eliminate inadvertent doping in sports: A study of their knowledge on doping.

This study aimed to evaluate the community pharmacists' knowledge of tackling the issue of inadvertent doping in Malaysia. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 384 community pharmacists working in Malaysia using a self-administered questionnaire. All the respondents were pharmacists fully registered with the Pharmacy Board of Malaysia and had been working in the community setting for at least one year. Of the 426 community pharmacists approached, 384 community pharmacists participated in this study, giving a response rate of 90.14%. The majority of the respondents were females (63.5%), graduated from local universities (74.9%), with median years of practising as a community pharmacist of six years (interquartile range, IQR = 9 years). The respondents were found to have moderate levels of doping-related knowledge (median score of 52 out of 100). Anabolic steroids (95.8%), stimulants (78.6%) and growth factors (65.6%) were recognised as prohibited substances by most of the respondents. Around 65.9% did not recognise that inadvertent doping is also considered a doping violation. Most of them (90%) also have poor levels of knowledge of doping scenarios in the country. Community pharmacists in Malaysia have limited knowledge in the field of doping. More programmes and activities related to doping and drugs in sports should be held to enhance the community pharmacists' knowledge on the issue of inadvertent doping.

Knowledge and Response to Stroke Among Lebanese Adults: A Population-Based Survey.

ObjectivesTo date, research on public awareness of stroke warning symptoms, risk factors and practice in the general adult population in Lebanon is scarce. The aim of our study is to identify the level of stroke awareness in order to develop and implement preventive measures particularly in relationship to primary stroke prevention.MethodsIt is a cross-sectional study conducted among 410 adult participants from the five main governorates of Lebanon. Stroke knowledge and practice were assessed using two validated questionnaires namely the Stroke Knowledge Test (SKT) and the Stroke Action Test (STAT). Multivariable linear regression models were conducted to examine socio-demographic, social habits, and clinical factors independently associated with the SKT and the STAT scores.ResultsThe mean SKT score of the participants was 9.16. 48.5% showed a poor stroke-related knowledge level and 51.5% a good knowledge level. Living in Mount Lebanon and occasional smokers showed statistically significant lower mean SKT scores; whereas, university degree and suffering from diabetes mellitus were associated with higher mean SKT scores. The mean overall STAT score was 41.3%. For 36.8% of the stroke symptoms, respondents selected call 112. The mean STAT scores of participants who get their information from the internet was statistically significantly lower. However, no association was found between the SKT score and the STAT score.ConclusionKnowledge of stroke risk factors was low, as was awareness of the need to call 112 in response to stroke symptoms. Hence, it is essential to develop health education programs in order to decrease stroke morbidity and mortality.

“ASSESS THE KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICE REGARDING BIOMEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT AMONG HEALTH CARE WORKERS”

Biomedical waste is any waste, which is generated during the diagnosis, treatment or immunisation of human beings or animals, or in research activities pertaining thereto, or in the production or testing of biologics. The main aim of the study was to assess the knowledge and practice of health care workers regarding bio- medical waste management. The setting of the study is at Narayan Medical College and Hospitals, Sasaram, Rohtas. The objectives of the study were to assess the knowledge score and practice and to nd out the association between knowledge & practice of health care workers with the selected demographic variables. The methodology used for the study was Descriptive survey approach. Samples and Sample Size were 60 health care workers with convenient sampling techniques. 7 sociodemographic data and 30 self-structured questionnaires were used as the instrument to data collection. Data was analyzed and interpreted on the basis of Descriptive (frequency, percentage) and inferential (chi square) statistical methods. The ndings of the study revealed that majority (35) 58.34% of the study subjects had good level of knowledge followed by (25) 41.67% of them had average knowledge level, whereas none had poor level of knowledge regarding biomedical waste management. And also, the ndings of the studyrevealed that majority (58) 96.67% of the study subjects had adequate practice followed (2) 3.33% of them had inadequate practice. An information booklet was provided to all the study subjects with average knowledge score regarding Biomedical waste management. Proper handling, treatment and disposal of biomedical waste are important elements of health care ofce infection control programme. Correct procedure will help protect health care workers, patients and the local community. The main aim of the study is to provide knowledge and practices regarding bio-medical waste management among health care workers.

Medical cannabis. Facilitate the proposal and sustainability for the training of healthcare personnel and the conduct of clinical trials in the cancer population.

In light of the establishment of a permanent technical work table to address issues relating to cannabis for medical use, it is necessary to reflect free from ideological conditioning on the effectiveness and perception of the use of these "products" on the populations indicated in the regulatory note current. Taking a cue from two recently published works, which photograph a poor level of knowledge on medical cannabis by patients, caregivers, and healthcare professionals, we believe it is necessary to overcome ideological preconceptions by building educational programs and national guidelines that offer therapeutic opportunities based on solid scientific evidence.

Nurses knowledge towards atrial fibrillation in cardiac care unit in babylon governorate

Background: Atrial fibrillation is an irregular, often very rapid heartbeat that can lead to clots and increase the risk of stroke, heart failure and other heart-related complications. Nurses' knowledge of patient management is critical in the cardiac care wards. Therefore, the study aimed to assess nurses knowledge towards atrial fibrillation and determine the differences in knowledge with regards socio-demographic variables. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted with an purposive sample of 200 nurses was selected through the use a non-probability sampling approach. This sample was distributed throughout three cardiac care unit according to the Babel Health Directorate, including (Margan Teaching hospital, Shahid AL-Mihrab center and Imam AL-Sadiq Hospital). The reliability of the questionnaire was achieved through a pilot study and then presented to experts to prove its validity. The total number of items included in the questionnaire was 40-items. The data was collected by using the self-report method and analyzed by the application of descriptive and inferential statistical data analysis approach. Results: The results of the study indicated that (55%) of the nurses exhibited a poor level of knowledge about atrial fibrillation.

Patients' knowledge and perception of anesthesia and the anesthetists: Cross-sectional study

BackgroundAnesthesiology was misconceived as a behind the screen specialty. Despite significant advancements in its scope, anesthesia remains have a poor public image, clients are not even aware of an anesthetist as a medically qualified health professional, particularly in underdeveloped countries. There has been very little study done on the public's awareness of anesthesia in Ethiopia. This study was conducted to assess the level of patients' knowledge and perception of anesthesia and the anesthetists. MethodsInstitution-based, cross-sectional study was conducted from January to May 2021, at the University of Gondar comprehensive specialized hospital, Ethiopia. Consenting participants were asked to answer a standard questionnaire in a personal interview to assess their knowledge about anesthesia and the anesthetist. Descriptive statistic was used to explain the study participants with study variables and to describe their perception about anesthesia and anesthetists. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the association between the level of knowledge and independent variables. The strength of the association between the independent variables and the level of knowledge was presented by an adjusted odds ratio and 95% Confidence Interval. ResultsA total of 307 study participants were included in this study with a response rate of 100%. Of these 113 (36.8) were males and 194 (63.2) were females. Two hundred twenty (71.7%) study participants answered less than half of the questions correctly and had a poor level of knowledge the rest 87 (28.3%) had a good level of knowledge and the mean knowledge score was1.72 ± 0.45. Previous anesthesia exposure (p value = 0.001) and occupation (p value = 0.022) of participants had statistically significant association with the level of knowledge. Conclusionand recommendation: We have found that patients had very limited (poor) knowledge and perception regarding anesthesia and the role of anesthetists. Anesthetists should do a complete pre-anesthetic assessment which helps them to achieve good patient recognition.

A Descriptive Study to assess the learning needs and self-care practice regarding post natal care among mothers who underwent LSCS with a view to develop and distribute an information booklet at selected hospital in Udaipur city, Rajasthan

Mothers undergoing caesarean section have not expected this operative procedure and were unable to perform self-care practices during post-operative period. The proper guidance promotes maternal and neonatal wellbeing by adopting a holistic approach to care and prevent complication like puerperal infection, wound sepsis, neonatal morbidity, and also length of hospital stay after surgery. Present study was aimed to assess the learning needs and self-care practice regarding post natal care among mothers who underwent LSCS. 120 samples were selected using non probability purposive sampling technique and structured interview schedule and five points likert scale was used for data collection. Findings in terms of learning need revealed that 62.50% of respondents had poor level of knowledge, 35% had average level of knowledge and 2.5 % had good level of knowledge. The overall mean knowledge scores regarding postnatal care were 45.10%. findings related to self care practices shows that 99.17% respondents were having poor practice on self care on 2nd day & 86.67% on 3rd day & 50% on the 4th day, whereas 0.83%, 13.33% and 50% respondents were having average practices on 2nd, 3rd and 4th day respectively. At the same time none of the respondents were having good practices on 2nd, 3rd as well as on 4th day. In this study showed that the postnatal mothers had high learning needs regarding post natal care after caesarean section and their self care practice performed was poor. The self care practice was increased every day, because of the awareness created by the health personnel during hospital stay. Information booklet can be helpful to increase the knowledge and to improve the self care practices as well.

Knowledge, attitude, and practice of health professionals for oxygen therapy working in South Gondar zone hospitals, 2021: multicenter cross-sectional study

IntroductionTherapeutic oxygen should be administered by competent healthcare providers who possess the required competencies of knowledge, skill, and judgment/abilities to make clinical decisions regarding the administration of oxygen. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of health professionals towards oxygen therapy.MethodsA multicenter institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 218 health professionals. The assessment was done with a total of 31 questions. After data cleanup analysis was done with SPSS software. Descriptive, chi-square test, bivariable and multivariable analysis were done accordingly. A p-value of ≤0.05 was considered to have a significant association with the outcome variables.ResultsAmong 218 participants, most of the participants (92.7%) were in the age range of less than 40 years old. Nurses were the most responding professions followed by physicians and midwifes. From the participants, around 54.6, 54.6, and 65.1% of respondents answered above the means score of knowledge, attitude and practice questions respectively. Getting training (AOR- 4.15, CI- 1.15-14.6), work experiences of less than 4 years (AOR- 2.54, 95%CI- (1.28-5.05), and availability of guidelines (AOR- 11.5, CI- 3.35-39.6) were significantly associated with knowledge level. Also work experience of fewer than 4 years (AOR- 3.41, 95%CI- (1.58-7.35) and presence of periodic maintenance and supply of oxygen therapy devices (AOR- 4.32, 95% CI- (1.44-12.9) were associated with practice level. Similarly, work experiences < 4 years (AOR- 8.6, 95%CI- (2.6-29) and getting training (AOR- 21.4, 95%CI-(2.7- 27.3) has a positive (direct) association with the level of attitude, and poor level of knowledge (AOR- 12.1, 95%CI (3.42-42.9) was contributed for negative attitude.ConclusionThis study concluded that 54.6, 54.6, and 65.1% of participants have a good level of knowledge, positive attitude, and good level of practice towards oxygen therapy respectively.

Post Covid-19 and E-Commerce in Malaysia: Tax Compliance Evidence among Youtubers, Instafamous and Facebookers

E-commerce has been present for a while, but it was not widely adopted in Malaysia until Covid-19 struck in early 2020. As government places a control movement restriction preventing business from being done at their physical location, more people are engaging in online commerce using social media platforms. Due to absence of rental and employee costs, business owners have shifted their old methods of conducting business to an internet platform. However, the rapid growth of online business via social media platforms and the lack of physical presence have made it difficult for tax enforcement which open the opportunity for tax evasion. Malaysia still does not have rigorous e-commerce tax regulations and enforcement by the time Covid-19 hit and this could result to loss of billions tax revenue in future. Thus, in order to better understand the tax compliance behaviour of online business taxpayers in Malaysia, this research intends to investigate the factors that influence tax compliance behaviour of individuals in the e-commerce industry. Three independent variables were used in this study namely tax knowledge, tax morale and tax complexity. The respondent used are taxpayers who conducted online business through social media platforms namely YouTube, Instagram, and Facebook. The study used quantitative analysis where data are collected using 7-point Likert scale and analysed using multiple regression to see the significance of the variables. Using a sample of 158 respondents, analysis showed that online business owner has a poor level of knowledge that their income derived from the online business is taxable. As for tax morale and tax complexity, it shows that each online business owners knows their responsibility to pay tax if they declare. On average, they assume income tax declarations are complicated in terms of forms, computations, and procedures, but this does not lead to poorer tax compliance.

Knowledge and Perception of Fluoridated Drinking Water Among Public in Kulaijaya, Johor

Fluoride is an ionized form of the fluorine element which is can be found naturally in water bodies and fluoride is also being added into the drinking water supply to prevent and control tooth decay problems, especially among younger children. The purpose of this study is to determine the level of knowledge and perception about fluoride in drinking water among respondents. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 243 respondents who lived in Kulaijaya, Johor by convenience sampling method. They were required to answer an online questionnaire that consisted of three (3) sections, namelysocio-demographic characteristics, knowledge of fluoride in drinking water, and perception of fluoride in drinking water. Most (185 – 76.1%) of respondents were 18 to 64 years old and133 (54.7%) of them were female. Majority of them (153 – 63%)achieved tertiary education level and most (153 – 63%) lived for more than 10 years in the same location. The majority of respondents had poor knowledge level (164 - 67.5%) and a high perception level of fluoride in drinking water (83 - 34.2%). There was an association between educational level and knowledge level (x2=32.19, p-value = 0.000) while, there was no association found between socio-demographic factors (age, gender, educational level, and residential duration) and the public’s perception level of fluoride in drinking water.The local government is encouraged to collaborate with other agencies to implement more fluoridation programs to the public to raise awareness of water fluoridation as knowledge level have positive significance with the education exposure (p=0.000).

Infection prevention and control: knowledge, determinants and compliance among primary healthcare workers in enugu metropolis, south-east nigeria

SummaryIntroductionHealthcare workers have lost their lives in significant numbers in the discharge of their duties as a result of a breach in Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) procedures. The increasing incidence of emerging and re-emerging diseases complicates this burden. Adequate IPC includes administrative, environmental and personal protective control measures. This study assessed the knowledge, determinants and compliance to IPC among primary healthcare workers in Enugu Metropolis.MethodologyA cross-sectional study was done using a semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaire. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to select 300 eligible Health Care Workers in Primary Health Care facilities. Analyses were done using IBM-SPSS version 23. Ethical approval was obtained from the Health Research Ethics Committee of UNTH Enugu.ResultsThe majority of the respondents were Community Health Extension Workers (CHEWs) or Community Health Officers (CHOs) and nurses 122 (40.7%), 197(65.7%) were female; with a mean age of 39.86 ± 9.62 years. Only 254(84.7%) of the respondents had previous IPC training and 82(27.3%) of them had good knowledge of IPC. Needle-stick injury was identified as a source of occupational exposure to infections amongst 185(61.7%). A majority, 244(81.3%) could not correctly identify all the moments of hand washing.ConclusionThe demonstrated poor level of knowledge and compliance to IPC demands more research to unravel this existing gap. However, these conditions can be improved by training the workers on IPC.

Prevalence of Hemoglobin-S and Baseline Level of Knowledge on Sickle Cell Disease Among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Clinics in Dar-Es-Salaam, Tanzania.

Background: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is the single most important genetic cause of childhood mortality globally. Newborn screening (NBS) is the recommended intervention aimed at early identification of babies with SCD and their linkage to care. To ensure success of NBS, pregnant women need to have the required knowledge on SCD and therefore motivation to screen their babies. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of hemoglobin-S and assess the baseline level of knowledge on SCD among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in urban settings in Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted between August 2020 and February 2021, involving 600 pregnant women at 20–28 weeks of gestation attending antenatal clinics at Buguruni Health Center, Mbagala Hospital, and Sinza Hospital in Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania. We administered a structured questionnaire to all participants to assess socio-demographic characteristics and baseline level of knowledge on SCD, where those scoring 7 or higher out of 10 questions were considered to have good knowledge. We screened for SCD a total of 300 participants from two centers (Buguruni Health Center and Mbagala Hospital) by using Sickle SCAN point-of-care test (BioMedomics Inc., United States). We used SPSS version 23 to analyze the data. On determining the association between level of knowledge and socio-demographic factors, we used Pearson’s Chi-square and multivariate logistic regression in ascertaining the strength of associations. Results: Of the 600 participants, the majority were of the age between 26 and 35 years (51%), with the parity of 1-3 children (55.8%) and secondary level of education (43%), while 56% were self-employed. Only 14.7% had good knowledge on SCD. The majority of the participants had ever heard of SCD (81.3%), most of them heard from the streets (42.4%), and only 2.4% heard from hospitals. Of all 600 study participants, only 2 (0.3%) knew their SCD status while 7.7% declared having a family history of SCD. A proficient level of knowledge on SCD is associated with a high level of education, occupation, and knowing personal status of SCD. Among 300 participants who were screened for SCD, 252 were Hb-AA (84%), 47 were Hb-AS (15.7%), and 1 (0.3%) was Hb-SS. Conclusion: Despite the high prevalence of hemoglobin-S among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in urban settings in Tanzania, there is a poor level of knowledge on SCD and personal knowledge of SCD status. Maternal screening and health education on SCD should be included as part of the comprehensive package for health promotion at antenatal clinics.

Cardiac Nurses’ Knowledge towards Patient Safety after Cardiac Catheterization; A Cross Sectional Study

Background: Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in UAE. Coronary heart disease is a common term for the buildup of plaque in the heart’s arteries that could lead to heart attack. Cardiac catheterization is a procedure to examine how well the heart is working. Patient safety is defined as being free from accidental harm as a result of a health care encounter. Cardiac nurses are responsible for providing patient’s safety and minimizing vascular complications after cardiac catheterization procedures. This study explored the knowledge of cardiac nurses working in DHA Hospitals, with regard to patient safety after cardiac catheterization. Methods: This is a descriptive quantitative study which was conducted in DHA Hospitals, UAE between the periods October 2020 till December 2020. A convenience sampling technique was used for this study with 108 cardiac nurses working in DHA. Results: The knowledge percentage of cardiac nurses on patient safety revealed that 64.81% were had moderate knowledge,15.74% had adequate knowledge level whereas 19.44% were had poor level of knowledge regarding patient safety after cardiac catheterization. Conclusion and Recommendation: The study concluded that cardiac nurses reflected moderate level of knowledge. It was statistically proven that there was a significant association of knowledge regarding patient safety after cardiac catheterization among cardiac nurses with their age, job experience and years of experience in cardiac unit. There is a need to follow innovative approaches in training and consider to include post cardiac catheterization care in education session. Keywords: [Nurses, Knowledge, cardiac catheterization, Cardiovascular, Patient.]

Knowledge, Prevention, and Practice of Heat Strokes among the Public in United Arab Emirates (UAE)

Background: Heat strokes are predictable and preventable, so sufficient public awareness of the condition and preventative practices are essential in hot and humid countries such as the United Arab Emirates (UAE). This study aims to assess the level of awareness (knowledge, prevention, and management) of heat stroke among UAE residents. Methods: Survey-based study of a random sample of adults (?18 years) in four different cities of UAE. The questionnaire included 37 questions on knowledge and practices. Correct answer was equal to one point and total scores were calculated. The average of participants’ total scores was taken as cut-off point. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify associated factors with below-average awareness. Results: A total of 402 people participated in the study, with age average 33±12 years and 48.5% were female. Only 1 person achieved a perfect score and 0.7%, 10%, and 17.7% achieved above average scores in knowledge, practices, and management, respectively. Seven percent of participants had never heard of a heat stroke before. A third of participants (32%) did not know that severe heat strokes can lead to death. Males are at higher risk of having a poor level of knowledge (Odds ratio [OR]=1.65; 95% confidence interval [95%CI]=1.10-2.47). The older the population the poor was the knowledge about heat stroke (OR=1.39, 95%CI=1.03-1.89). Conclusion: The results of this study show that a huge proportion of the population in the UAE does not have sufficient knowledge about heat stroke, its prevention, and management. Governmental institutes should increase awareness of heat stroke.

Effectiveness of Nutritional Program on Senior Person Knowledge Regarding Constipation Management at Nursing Home Centers in Al-Kut City

Introduction: Constipation is a clinical diagnosis based on symptoms of incomplete elimination of stool, difficulty passing stool, or both. Patients typically experience other symptoms such as hard stools, abdominal bloating, pain, and distention. Methods: A quantitative, quasi-experimental study design was carried out at two nursing home centers (Dar Al-Shhafaa government home and Basmat Al-Rahmma private nursing home) in order to determine the effectiveness of a nursing home program. Beginning on the 24th of December 2020 and ending on the 15th of January 2022, the current study will be conducted. In order to meet the study's aims, a non-probability (purposive) sample of (57) senior citizens (27) senior citizens selected for the case group and (30) senior citizens selected for the control group who were residents of a nursing home were selected. Results: Analysis of such knowledge shows that the large number of senior persons, in study group, has expressed poor level of knowledge about constipation at the pretest. Such poor level of knowledge is evidenced in all the low mean of scores on items of senior persons’ knowledge about constipation . Conclusions and recommendation :It has been emphasized in the literature that patients must spend more time seeking health-related education in order to improve their health care outcomes. The teaching must be enthusiastic, motivated, and responsive to the individual patient's needs. For individual members of the society to realize the benefits of health education, there is a need for a robust, hearty engagement between patients and health care providers . Keywords: Nutritional, Senior Person, knowledge , Constipation Management

PENGARUH PENGETAHUAN IBU DAN SIKAP TERHADAP PENCEGAHAN DIARE PADA BALITA DI DUSUN SISWO MULIO TIMUR DESA KWALA BEGUMIT STABAT KABUPATEN LANGKAT

Diarrhea is a condition in which a person suffers from loose stools, watery stools, can be mixed with blood and mucus, sometimes accompanied by vomiting. Diarrhea is still the biggest cause of death for children under five years old in the world. According to the United Nations International Child's Emergency Fund (UNICEF), every second one toddler dies of diarrhea, Ridwan Amiruddin, (2007). In carrying out her role as a mother, it cannot be separated from the knowledge relationship she has. the knowledge possessed by the mother, the diarrhea prevention actions taken in toddlers will make the toddlers recover and be healthy. So that toddlers who suffer from diarrhea are handled well and do not cause complications due to diarrhea they experience. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between mother's knowledge and attitudes towards preventing diarrhea in toddlers in Siswo Mulio, Kwala Begumit Langkat. This type of research uses the type of research that is analytic observation with a cross sectional research design. The total sampling used in this study was 34 mothers who have toddlers. The data analysis technique carried out by the researcher was a closed questionnaire to the respondents as many as 24 questions, namely 12 questions for the independent variable and 12 questions for the dependent variable, then the variable answer interval was formulated using the Sturgers formula. The results showed that of the 34 mothers who became respondents, the level of knowledge of the respondents was good amounted to 11 people (32.4%), sufficient level of knowledge amounted to 17 people (50%) and the level of poor knowledge amounted to 6 people (17.6%). Based on the attitude of the respondents to the prevention of diarrhea in toddlers, there were 8 good (23.5%), moderate 23 people (67.6%), and 3 bad people (8.8%). The results of the research analysis that has been carried out show that the majority of respondents have sufficient knowledge as many as 17 people (50%) and the majority have sufficient attitudes as many as 23 people (67.6%) and the number of respondents with poor knowledge is 6 people (17.6%) with bad attitudes as many as 3 people (8.8%). Statistical test results obtained p = 0.001 stating that there is a relationship between maternal knowledge and attitudes towards prevention of diarrhea in toddlers in Siswo Mulio Timur Hamlet, Kwala Begumit Village, Stabat District, Langkat Regency with p = 0.001. The mother's role in implementing and preventing diarrhea requires knowledge, because knowledge is one of the components of an important predisposing factor.

“A STUDY TO ASSESS THE KNOWLEDGE OF MOTHER OF TODDLERREGARDING GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT IN SELECTED RURAL AREA AT CHANDRAPUR”.

A good start at the beginning of life make a child to be an efcient person of the society because the rst ve years is a crucial period of child growth and development especially the growth of the brain. OBJECTIVES: To assess the existing knowledge of mother of toddler regarding growth and development, to associate the knowledge among mother of toddler regarding growth and development with a selected demographic variable. METHODOLOGY: The researcher conducted study in selected rural area and used descriptive research approach with quantitative quasi experimental research design in selected rural area. For the data collection structured knowledge questionnaire were used. Among 60 samples who gave consent for the study. The researcher found the study feasible and reliable. RESULT: The ndings of the study included, the analysis and interpretation of data collected from the subjects in the selected rural area. In this study, out of 60 subjects, the mothers (16.66%) had poor level of knowledge, were (16.66%) had average level of knowledge, then (43.35%) subjects had good level of knowledge, were (23.33%) subjects were having very good level of knowledge &amp; (0%) were having excellent level of knowledge. CONCLUSION: The study revealed that there was a signicant knowledge of toddler mother regarding growth and development in selected rural area.

Nurses' Knowledge and Attitudes Regarding Pain Assessment and Management in Saudi Arabia.

Inadequate pain management affects the patient outcome. Pain assessment and management are fundamental in nursing care, and nurses must be equipped with adequate knowledge and a positive attitude toward pain assessment and management. This study aims to evaluate nurses’ knowledge and attitudes regarding pain assessment and management at King Fahad Hospital, Al-Madinah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. A quantitative, cross-sectional survey, using a self-administered questionnaire, was conducted from January to February 2020 with 660 registered nurses working in the Emergency Department, critical care units, inpatient and outpatient departments at King Fahad Hospital in Al-Medinah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The data were analyzed with descriptive and inferential statistics. Of the 660 nurses, 291 responded, resulting in a response rate of 44.09%. The participants’ scores ranged from 17.7% to 100%, with a mean score 45.29%. The majority of the participants (70.1%) had a poor level of knowledge and attitudes (score < 50%). Nurses working in the outpatient department scored significantly higher than the group working in the Emergency Department and inpatient wards. Deficient knowledge and negative attitudes were found and nurses continue to underassess and undertreat pain. Nursing school curricula and in-service continuous education must equip nurses with the required knowledge and attitudes to enable them to manage pain effectively.

Knowledge Level of Health Care Providers about Complicated Grief during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Objective: The coronavirus 2019 (COVID -19) pandemic had great psychological impact on COVID-19 patients and their families. Relatives of the deceased COVID-19 patients are at risk for complicated grief. Healthcare providers (HCPs) should be able to identify complicated grief cases. The aim of this study was to assess HCP knowledge regarding complicated grief during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method : This cross-sectional study was conducted using an online researcher-made questionnaire. The questionnaire was designed and validated before being used in this study. The questionnaire included demographic questions as well as knowledge about complicated grief and its symptoms, risk factors and management. The link to the questionnaire website was sent to HCP governmental and private sectors. Data was analyzed using the ordinal regression model by the SPSS 16 software. Results: A total of 887 HCPs (69% female and 31% male) participated in this study. Majority of the participants (594, 70%) had fair overall knowledge about complicated grief while 206 (23.2%) participants had poor knowledge. Poor knowledge level about risk factors for complicated grief was observed in 44.3% of the participants. Fair or poor knowledge about prevention and management of complicate grief was observed in 39.2% of participants. Knowledge about complicated grief had a significant positive relationship with female gender (OR: 1.55; 95% CI: 1.15-2.08) and higher education level (OR: 1.86; 95% CI: 1.37-2.54). Conclusion: Knowledge of HCPs about complicated grief was low. There is need for HCP knowledge improvement regarding complicated grief by appropriate education.

The Act of Prevention: Knowledge, Attitudes, and Perception Among Caretakers of Kidney Disease Patients in Rural Wardha District of Central India.

BackgroundThere is a continual rise in the prevalence of non-cancerous conditions such as chronic kidney disease (CKD) owing to an enormous load of diabetes, hypertension, and vascular diseases. A positive attitude and healthy lifestyle for CKD prevention can only be followed when the masses are well aware and educated about the disease. This study aimed to compare, correlate, and evaluate the distribution of knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions among relatives or caretakers of patients with kidney disease or at risk of the disease.MethodologyThis cross-sectional study aimed at obtaining data on the knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions using the Chronic Kidney Diseases Screening Index questionnaire from the relatives of CKD patients. All data were computed and analyzed using SPSS version 28.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA).ResultsThe majority of the relatives of CKD patients had poor knowledge (63.6%) and poor attitude (51.6%) levels. On the contrary, most respondents had good practices (52.8%) level toward the risk for CKD. A significant correlation was noted between education and knowledge (p < 0.050). A significant association was also observed between education and occupation with attitude (p < 0.001 and p < 0.050, respectively). Additionally, a significant association was noted between age and perception (p < 0.001).ConclusionsInformed and well-educated populations are less prone to acquire or progress to CKD. From this study, we can understand the need for improvement in public knowledge, which has the potential to help in saving the lives of many patients progressing toward end-stage renal diseases.