Pond Plant Research Articles

Aquatic Plants in Ponds at the Brdo Estate (Slovenia) Show Changes in 20 Years.

Ponds are important habitats for aquatic plants and other biota, particularly in regions where the quality of aquatic ecosystems is deteriorating or even disappearing. Ponds provide refuge for many species and serve as foraging places for others. The ponds studied are located in the Brdo Estate and are under special protection to maintain their educational and other ecosystem services. This study examined the temporal differences (20 years) of the plant communities in eleven ponds concerning eutrophication and/or other human pressures. Various measurements were taken between the two surveys to improve the quality of inflowing water. The selected ponds' physical and chemical parameters, water depth, and transparency were measured. According to our results, water transparency and temperature significantly shaped the structure of the plant community and significantly influenced the presence and abundance of aquatic plants. The changes were reflected in the disappearance of four species of the genus Potamogeton, namely P. filiformis, P. lucens, P. pectinatus, and P. trichoides, which were recorded in 2001 but not in 2021. Secondly, the average number of plant species in the ponds has slightly increased in 20 years, mainly due to emergent plants. The construction of wastewater treatment plants in the catchment area prevented the eutrophication processes.

Water availability and proximity to natural areas influence plant and terrestrial invertebrate communities in urban stormwater basins and ponds

Water availability and proximity to natural areas influence plant and terrestrial invertebrate communities in urban stormwater basins and ponds

ISOLATION OF Escherichia coli FROM VANAME SHRIMP (Litopenaeus vannamei) POND AND THE SENSITIVITY TOWARD ANTIBIOTICS

Vannamei shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) is a fishery commodity widely cultivated in various parts of Indonesia. The main problem often found in vannamei shrimp production is poor water quality during the rearing period. This study aims to isolate and identify E. coli contained in water, sediment, and meat of vannamei shrimp cultivated in shrimp ponds and examine its sensitivity to antibiotics. The research was conducted from March to May 2023 at the Technical Implementation Unit (UPT) Vannamei Shrimp Ponds of the Maritime Affairs and Fisheries Service, Tanjung Punak Village, Rupat Utara District, Bengkalis Regency, Riau. The survey method was used in this study. The Most Probable Number (MPN) method was employed for E. coli isolation to calculate bacterial density, and the Kirby-Bauer method was used to test bacterial sensitivity to antibiotics. Based on the identification of the six isolates carried out, it was found that only two isolates were positively identified as E. coli bacteria, namely SD C 3.1 and IP B 1.1, which were isolated from sediment and the Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) pond. The diameter of the inhibition zone for sediment isolate RF01 against the antibiotic chloramphenicol was 18.75 mm, indicating intermediate sensitivity. On the other hand, WWTP isolates RF02 exhibited an inhibition zone of 17 mm for chloramphenicol, indicating medium sensitivity as well. However, it showed resistance to penicillin with a diameter of 6.5 mm and resistance to ampicillin with a diameter of 2 mm

Comparative study of efficiencies of purification of cadmium contaminated irrigation water by different purification systems

Cadmium (Cd) contamination in rice threats food safety and human health. Control of Cd pollution has become an urgent need. Most existing studies on heavy metal pollution control have focused on industrial wastewater and few on irrigation water. Some researchers have found ecological ditches, plant ponds and constructed wetlands have the potential of treating heavy metal contaminated irrigation water, but they examined only one of the methods and the validity needs to be verified by field studies. Our study has filled the gap by combining the methods and using field experiments. We examined efficiencies of removal of Cadmium from irrigation water by 14 different combinations of ecological ditches, plant ponds, and constructed wetlands using field experiments. The effects of the purification on Cd concentration in paddy soil and rice grains were also examined. Results showed that there were significant differences among efficiencies of purification of Cd contaminated irrigation water using different systems and that pH, chemical form of Cd in irrigation water, vegetation coverage and biomass of aquatic plants significantly affect the efficiency. Of the 14 purification systems, seven resulted in the concentration of Cd in the effluent water meeting the National Standard for Irrigation Water Quality (GB5084–2021) for all days of the experiment period. The highest amount and rate of Cd removal were achieved by the combination of two-stage ecological ditch, two-stage plant pond, and one-stage constructed wetland, while the highest removal amount and rate per 100 m2 was achieved by the combination of one-stage plant pond and one-stage constructed wetland. Considering purification efficiency, area of coverage, and cost of construction and maintenance, we suggest that combination of plant pond and constructed wetland be a priority choice for purification of Cd pollution in irrigation water. Compared to the control data collected from rice grain and paddy soil irrigated by unpurified water, Cd concentration in rice grain and paddy soil irrigated by purified water declined by 5.08–19.42 % and 30.93–77.15 % respectively. All results showed that removal of Cd contamination from irrigation water effectively controlled cadmium pollution in rice grain and paddy soil. Our study not only contributes to pollution control practice, but also warrants further investigation of the mechanisms of how the treatment systems work. The most efficient method we identified could be applied locally, regionally and in areas of similar topography, climate, soil, vegetation, agriculture, and heavy metal pollution.

Carbon dioxide capture with aqueous calcium carbide residual solution for calcium carbonate synthesis and its use as an epoxy resin filler

Calcium carbide residue (CCR) is a waste obtained from the production of acetylene gas by the hydration reaction of calcium carbide. This residue is generated in large quantities annually and requires appropriate disposal. The main composition of the residue is calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2). Ca(OH)2 can react with CO2 gas and form CaCO3 particles. This process is well known but not very attractive since Ca(OH)2 is obtained from limestone using an energy-intensive thermal conversion process. This paper examined the synthesis of CaCO3 from CCR solutions by capturing CO2 with the aid of triethanolamine (TEA) solutions at doses of 0, 5, 10 and 20% w/w. The precipitated CaCO3 was characterized, and the application of CaCO3 as a filler in epoxy resin was tested. The results showed that the precipitated CaCO3 was mainly calcite, with a 76.6% yield. Cubic calcite was primarily obtained in TEA solutions, whereas small and agglomerated spherical vaterite and cubic calcite particles were formed in non-TEA solutions. The CaCO3-filled epoxy composites showed higher compressive strength than the neat resin. However, the transparency of specimen plates was reduced. These results can serve as guidelines for the application of CCR slurry filtrate obtained from the sedimentation ponds of acetylene plants and help to reduce the amount of wastewater that needs to be treated. CO2 gas from industrial flue gas combined with TEA solution could be applied to precipitate CaCO3 for carbon-neutral manufacturing.

Slurry pond plants in gravel processing: Insights into improvements of the last 10 years or “From problematic cases to advanced solutions”

Slurry pond plants in gravel processing: Insights into improvements of the last 10 years or “From problematic cases to advanced solutions”

Decision-making support for optimizing pollutant degradation processes in domestic wastewater treatment plants involving uncertain parameters via fuzzy programming approaches

A fuzzy optimization model was implemented in this study as a decision-making approach to optimize pollutant degradation processes in facultative ponds of domestic wastewater treatment plants. The fuzzy parameters are due to uncertain situations, which eliminate the need for managers to collect data, particularly when the data are no longer represent the real situation. The managers formulate the fuzzy parameters in the problem based on their intuition and experience in using the provided decision-making tool. Also, the fuzzy optimization model proposed in this study was solved using the fuzzy-based programming approach with the generalized gradient algorithm performed in LINGO 19.0 optimization software. In addition, the numerical experiment was conducted with secondary and generated data for the certain and fuzzy parameters, respectively. The results showed that optimal decisions were achieved and the manager can then use the proposed model in managing domestic wastewater treatment plants.

Demonstration study of bypass stabilization pond system in the treatment of eutrophic water body.

This study involved a comprehensive renovation of fish ponds to improve the water quality of a eutrophic river in Dongguan City. The abandoned fish ponds were transformed into three different types of stabilization ponds: facultative, aerated biological, and submerged plant stabilization ponds. The water of the eutrophic section of the river was pumped into the facultative stabilization pond and discharged into the Haizai River through an aerated biological pond and a submerged plant pond. In the aerated biological pond, secondary treatment was carried out using plant zoning and artificial floating island aeration system. The submerged plant pond used fountain-type aeration and an underwater forest for tertiary treatment. After four months of monitoring the water quality of the stabilization pond and the river, the ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), total phosphorus (TP), and chemical oxygen demand (CODCr) levels in the raw sewage reduced from 6.53 mg/L to 1.13 mg/L, 1.76 mg/L to 0.29 mg/L, and 63 mg/L to 22 mg/L, respectively; the transparency of water increased to 45 cm, and dissolved oxygen (DO) level increased to 5.32 mg/L. This study provides a reference for the ex-situ treatment of urban eutrophic waterbodies.

Study Sedimentation Rate of PLTU Pulang Pisau Due to Jetty Modification in Efforts to Improve Production Capacity

Pulang Pisau Steam Power Plant (PLTU) is one of the plants that is used to fulfill the electricity needs of the people in Central Kalimantan Province. By using coal as a source of steam production, the Pulang Pisau PLTU has a capacity of up to 2 × 60 MW. Such a large population growth cannot be avoided and it is therefore denied that the Pulang Pisau PLTU is deemed to require additional production capacity. One alternative that can be given is to increase the amount of fuel capacity, namely coal that can be accommodated. By changing the design of the existing jetty, it is expected that ships with larger capacities can lean on the Pulang Pisau power plant pond. In this study, an analysis of sediment volume rate in the existing condition jetty and two alternative jetties in the PLTU river basin area, where the modeling is done using MIKE21. The results of the existing jetty modeling show the sedimentation volume that was line up for 12 months at 9550.017 m3, while the sedimentation volume of alternative jetty 1 and 2 produced for 12 months respectively were 917.444 m3 dan 8616.040 m3. The first alternative jetty is more efficient in dealing with sediment in terms of increasing production capacity. The alternative jetty is considered to be able to maintain the determined vessel draft and not cause excessive sedimentation impacts in the Pulang Pisau power plant area.

Assessment of risk zones in failure of tailings dams using geoinformation system

The author describes the global patterns of geodynamics-related accidents at tailings ponds of mining and processing plants. Based on the statistical analysis of causes of such accidents, it is concluded on the necessity of the anticipatory mathematico-cartographic modeling of geodynamic processing and possible after-effects of such accidents at tailings dams at their design stage. The mathematico-cartographic modeling allows integrating computation, spatial representation and analysis, as well as ensures reliable assessment of risk zones in tailings dam failure and engineering-and-management decision-making with regard to safety. The suitability of the model is ensured by RR-criterion formulated in compliance with the fundamental Idea of Academician A. N. Kolmagorov.

Effect of the Influent Substrate Concentration on Nitrogen Removal from Summer to Winter in Field Pilot-Scale Multistage Constructed Wetland–Pond Systems for Treating Low-C/N River Water

The quality of micropolluted water is unstable and its substrate concentration fluctuates greatly. The goal is to predict the concentration effect on the treatment of nitrogen in a river with an actual low C/N ratio for the proposed full-scale Xiaoyi River estuary wetland, so that the wetland project can operate stably and perform the water purification function effectively in the long term. Two pilot-scale multistage constructed wetland–pond (MCWP) systems (S1 and S2, respectively) based on actual engineering with the same “front ecological oxidation ponds, two-stage horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands and surface flow constructed wetlands (SFCWs) as the core and postsubmerged plant ponds” as the planned process were constructed to investigate the effect of different influent permanganate indexes (CODMn) and total nitrogen (TN) contents on nitrogen removal from micropolluted river water with a fixed C/N ratio from summer to winter in the field. The results indicate that the TN removal rate in the S1 and S2 systems was significant (19.56% and 34.84%, respectively). During the process of treating this micropolluted water with a fixed C/N ratio, the influent of S2 with a higher CODMn concentration was conducive to the removal of TN. The TN removal rate in S2 was significantly affected by the daily highest temperature. There was significant nitrogen removal efficiency in the SFCWs. The C/N ratio was a major determinant influencing the nitrogen removal rate in the SFCWs. The organic matter release phenomenon in SFCWs with high-density planting played an essential role in alleviating the lack of carbon sources in the influent. This research strongly supports the rule that there is seasonal nitrogen removal in the MCWPs under different influent substrate concentrations, which is of guiding significance for practical engineering.

Using a DNA barcoding approach to facilitate biosecurity: Identifying invasive alien macrophytes traded within the South African aquarium and pond plant industry

South Africa's water bodies have been invaded multiple times by various alien macrophytes in the last 200 years and this trend is set to continue – posing a significant threat to the already fragile indigenous aquatic ecosystems and the services they provide. The aquarium and ornamental pond plant industry has been found to serve as a primary pathway for the continued introduction of high-risk taxa. Although regulations like the National Environmental Management: Biodiversity Act (NEM:BA) 10 of 2004 together with some national programmes are currently in place to ensure compliance by the different industry role players, adequate enforcement is hampered by challenges inherent to definitive species identification. In this study, the utility of a DNA barcoding approach to aid in addressing these issues was assessed. An extensive macrophyte core barcode (matK and rbcLa) reference library was compiled and tested to: (i) establish if a “barcode gap” was present, ii) determine the optimised threshold for species delimitation and (iii) assess identification efficiency using different distance based metrices. This reference library was subsequently used to identify plants collected during a survey of ten macrophyte retailer shops in and around the Johannesburg metropolitan area for which DNA barcodes could be generated. Results obtained indicate the presence of considerable interspecific and curbed intraspecific distance between the marker combinations tested and demonstrate high species identification rates. Additionally, multiple alien aquatic plants currently in trade under the following NEM:BA categories were recovered: 1a (invasive species), 1b (invasive species controlled by program) and species prohibited in terms of section 67(1). A surprisingly large number of first-time invasive alien macrophytes not currently on the NEM:BA lists were also identified. The dataset and findings presented in this study have important implications for informing pre-emptive invasive macrophyte management in South Africa e.g. tracking the country's commitments towards achieving the Convention on Biological Diversity's (CBD) Aichi Biodiversity Target 9 (as well as its inheritor post-2020) and providing recommendations for updates to the NEM:BA alien and invasive species lists. The library also presents opportunities for exploring the utility of spin-off applications that rely on robust molecular datasets (e.g. eDNA monitoring).

Herbivory by spadefoot toad tadpoles and reduced water level affect submerged plants in temporary ponds

ABSTRACT In temporary ponds, submerged plants have adapted to recurrent periods of drought. These ponds often lack the impact of large herbivores but can harbor large numbers of herbivorous tadpoles. Tadpoles of the Iberian spadefoot toad (Pelobates cultripes) may reach large body size and consume large quantities of macrophytes during their long larval period, which is shortened with risk of pond drying. We conducted a mesocosm experiment to analyze the interplay between hydroperiod and impact of herbivorous tadpoles on the abundance and life history of 3 species of submerged plants common to temporary ponds. We observed differences in growth among plant species resulting in lags in timing of maximum cover, probably related to interspecific competitive interactions. Some plants responded to pond drying with a remarkable increase in the production of flowers. Tadpoles greatly reduced the plant cover, although their impact varied across plant species. Differential plant consumption by these large tadpoles can substantially modify the internal structure and complexity of temporary ponds, and tadpoles can also interfere with plant responses to shortened hydroperiod.

The application of steel slag in a multistage pond constructed wetland to purify low-phosphorus polluted river water

To investigate the effect of a constructed wetland (CW) with steel slag as the filler on water contaminated by low phosphorus levels, a multistage pond CW system was designed in this study. Low-phosphorus polluted river water was used as the research object. This study explored the effects of using steel slag as a CW filler on phosphorus removal and the total phosphorus (TP) purification effect of the wetland system. The results showed that the TP removal rates in the ecological pond, oxidation pond, surface flow wetlands and submerged plant pond were 5.17%, 8.02%, 21.56%, and 16.31%, respectively. Intermittent increases in phosphorus concentration were observed in the reactors and were caused by the decay of plant tissues, which released pollutants. Because steel slag was added to the filler, the TP concentrations in the effluent of the first- and second-level horizontal subsurface CWs increased by 151.13% and 16.29%, respectively, compared to the influent concentration. The 20th to 40th days of the test run was a period of rapid phosphorus release of the system. The use of steel slag has a potential risk of phosphorus release when applied in CWs used to purify low-phosphorus contaminated water bodies.

Submerged Rootless Macrophytes Sustain a Stable State Against Free-Floating Plants

Both non-rooted submerged vegetation dominated by coontail (Ceratophyllum demersum) and non-rooted floating duckweed vegetation (Lemna gibba) can maintain their stable dominance in small ponds and channels. We examined the competitive interactions between them and how Ceratophyllum can sustain its stable state against floating plants in a range of nutrient concentrations. Coontail and duckweed were co-cultured in static and semi-static microcosm experiments, and their impact on the nutrients (N, P, Fe, Mn) in the water column was analysed. Coontail strongly reduced the growth of duckweed under a low nitrogen level (0.2–2 mg N L−1). This reduction seems to be due to the low availability of nutrients in the water as derived from the lower nutrient concentrations in duckweed tissue or high pH in water. High nitrogen levels in semi-static media (5–10 mg N L−1) resulted in an increasingly higher chance to overgrow C. demersum by L. gibba. Field observations revealed that C. demersum dominated over L. gibba in water bodies with total N below 3 mg L−1, while L. gibba dominance over C. demersum occurred above 5 mg L−1 total N. Ceratophyllum occurrence correlated negatively with total N in the water, while Lemna showed a positive correlation. Furthermore, the occurrence of L. gibba was negatively correlated with the frequency of C. demersum. All findings together support the theory that under a certain nutrient range, rootless submerged macrophytes have a strong potential to inhibit the dominance of floating plants in ponds, ditches and channels, and thus, they stabilize the submerged vegetation state.

Nitrogen removal from summer to winter in a field pilot-scale multistage constructed wetland-pond system

A pilot-scale multistage constructed wetland-pond (MCWP) system with a "pre-ecological oxidation pond, two-stage horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland (HSCW) and surface flow constructed wetland (SFCW) as the core and postsubmerged plant pond" as the process was used to treat actual polluted river water in the field, and the variation in nitrogen removal from summer to winter was investigated. The results showed that the average total nitrogen (TN) removal efficiency in the MCWP was approximately 40.74%. The significant positive correlation between the daily highest temperature and the TN removal efficiency of the whole system was fitted with a nonlinear curve (R2 = 0.7192). The TN removal load rate in the HSCWs was 2.7–3.7 times that in the SFCW. The SFCW, which had high-density plants (35 plants/m2), increased the proportion of nitrogen removed by plant harvesting and microbial function. The TN transformed by Iris pseudacorus L. accounted for 54.53% in the SFCW. Furthermore, bacteria completed the nitrogen cycle in the SFCW through a variety of nitrogen removal pathways. This research not only investigated the TN removal performance in an MCWP system but also made it possible to predict the TN removal efficiency according to the daily highest temperature from summer to winter in the field.

Improved retting methods of jute to enhance fibre quality and retting waste management

The quality jute fibre production entirely depends upon the process of retting not only on the production of jute. Retting is a rotting process generally preferred to separate the fibre from woody stem without damaging the fibre cellulose. Retting microbes consumes pectin and hemicellulose mainly that are non fibrous cementing materials. Over retting causes degradation of fibre cellulose while under retting does not allow removal of gummy materials completely that are pectic substances. Over retting as well as under retting causes production of low grade jute fibre. Moreover, jute fibre retting and extraction are also labour-intensive, depending upon productivity and the level of technology used. Production of quality jute fibre depends on the process of retting in presence of good quality water. Microbial retting and the extraction of the fibre from the woody core are important primary operations in the processing of jute crops for fibre production. This involves the immersion of bundles of plants in open water, lakes, rivers, ditches, canals and ponds and the controlled decomposition of the non-fibrous materials connecting the fibres to the bark of the plants by using aquatic microbes. Ribbon retting also reduces time of normal retting by 4-5 days, saves water, space and the cost of retting process up to 50% over the traditional method. These improved methods of jute retting able to produce higher quality of jute fibre.

Study on water purification effects and microbial community compositions of the estuarine wetland buffer zones during a low-temperature period

The estuarine wetland buffer zone of the Fuhe river plays an important role in terms of improving water quality of Baiyangdian lake. In this study, the water purification effect and microbial community composition of an estuarine wetland buffer zone during a low-temperature period were investigated (March, 2021). The results indicated that the pre-sedimentation ecological pond (Pep), the subsurface flow wetland (Sfw), and the aquatic plant pond (App) exhibited good removal effects on total phosphorus (TP) and NH3-N. In contrast, the removal effects on chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total nitrogen (TN) was unsatisfied. Various phosphorus removal bacteria were detected in the water samples from the Pep and the Sfw, such as Arthrobacter, Flavobacterium, and Planococcus. These findings indicated the water purification performance and the microbial community composition in an estuarine wetland buffer zone during a low-temperature period.

ANALISIS CIYCLE COSTING DAN WASTE MANAGEMENT SCENARIOS PADA KOLAM IKAN 4G DAN AZOLLA

One of Mina Kahuripan fish cultivators in Jampang village located in Bogor Regency has innovation and achievements in managing fish and its fish feed, and is the largest fish producer in Bogor Regency. One of the innovations of fish cultivators is the use of a 4G (Four G) fish pond. Besides the fish pond innovation, there is another innovation, namely the use of the Azolla plant. This research aims to analyze the collaboration between Azolla and the 4G pond in waste management scenarios and cycle costing. This research is a qualitative research phenomenon. The data collection technique is done by using observation, interview, documentation, and experiment techniques. Respondents of this study were fish cultivators Mina Kahuripan in Jampang Bogor Village. The results showed that the cycle costing analysis between conventional and 4G fish ponds, it was seen that the production costs in conventional ponds were higher because the media used were all purchased by new categories, while the production costs for 4G fish ponds were lower even though there was a budget for Azolla plant ponds, the quality of the fish produced was guaranteed. Lower production costs are due to the fish cultivators doing waste management from the waste in making 4G fish ponds, resulting in cost efficiency. Another advantage of Waste management scenarios utilizes waste from vegetable and fruit plants that are above the 4G fish pond

Purification Mechanism of Low-Pollution Water in Three Submerged Plants and Analysis of Bacterial Community Structure in Plant Rhizospheres

Three kinds of submerged plants (Hydrilla verticillata, Vallisneria natans, and Potamogeton wrightii Morong) were used to construct plant ponds for the removal of nitrogen, phosphorus, and organic ...