Farm Ponds Research Articles

Inspecting Pond Fabric Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle-Assisted Modeling, Smartphone Augmented Reality, and a Gaming Engine

Historical farm ponds have been designed, maintained, and established as heritage sites or cultural landscapes. Has their gradually evolving function resulted in changes to the landscape influenced by their degenerated nature and the new urban fabric? This study aimed to assess the interaction between urban fabrics and eight farm ponds in Taoyuan by determining the demolition ratio of ponds subject to the transit-oriented development (TOD) of infrastructure and to evaluate land cover using historical maps, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-assisted 3D modeling, smartphone augmented reality (AR), and a gaming engine to inspect and compare well-developed or reactivated ponds and peripheries. A 46% reduction in pond area around Daxi Interchange was an important indicator of degeneration in the opposite direction to TOD-based instrumentation. Three-dimensional skyline analysis enabled us to create an urban context matrix to be used in the simulations. Nearly 55 paired AR comparisons were made with 100 AR cloud-accessed models from the Augment® platform, and we produced a customized interface to align ponds with landmark construction or other ponds using Unreal Engine®. Smartphone AR is a valuable tool for situated comparisons and was used to conduct analyses across nine categories, from buildings and infrastructure to the intensity and stage of development. The gaming engine handled large point models with high detail and was supported by a customized blueprint. We found that 3D virtual dynamics highlighted the evolving interstitial space and role substitution of the agricultural fabric. This combination of heterogeneous platforms provides a practical method of preserving heritage and enables conflict resolution through policy and TOD instrumentation.

Valorization of the treatment of antibiotic and organic contents generated from an in-situ-RAS-like shrimp farming pond by using graphene-quantum-dots deposited graphitic carbon nitride photocatalysts

In this study, we investigated the possibility of a photocatalytic system that uses graphene-quantum-dot (GQD)-deposited graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) to treat tetracycline (TC) and other organic compounds generated from an in-situ-recirculatory-aquaculture-system (RAS)-like shrimp farming pond. GQDs were successfully deposited on the exfoliated g-C3N4 base through a hydrothermal treatment. The results showed that the incorporation of GQDs into the g-C3N4 enhanced its porosity without aggregating its mesoporous structure. The GQDs-deposited g-C3N4 photocatalysts revealed sheet-like structures with nanopores on their surface that facilitate photocatalysis. More than 90% of the TC was removed by the photocatalysts under UV-LED irradiation. Low loadings of GQDs over g-C3N4 resulted in a faster and more effective photocatalysis of TC, mainly driven by.O2- radicals. The photocatalysts were also applicable in the degradation of organic compounds with 27% of the total organic compounds (TOC) being removed from the wastewater of a RAS-like shrimp farming pond.

Study on Water Balance and Reutilization of Rainwater Harvesting with Dugout Farmpond

Water scarcity is a significant issue in numerous developing countries. Depending on the intensity of precipitation, rainwater has the potential to serve as a source of drinking water. Furthermore, its effective management could alleviate water and food crises in some of these regions. Farm ponds are utilized to transport water from one location to another, but they suffer from various types of losses, with seepage and evaporation being particularly problematic in the irrigation farm pond network. It is essential to minimize these losses to ensure efficient performance and the effective utilization of water. Seepage and evaporation losses are the primary challenges in unlined farm ponds. The harvested water in the farm pond can be used for various purposes, including household and irrigation.

The contribution of milkfish (Chanos chanos) pond farming to socio-economics and coastal community livelihoods for a sustainable blue economy in Tanzania

The contribution of milkfish (Chanos chanos) pond farming to socio-economics and coastal community livelihoods for a sustainable blue economy in Tanzania

Between ‘the Technical’ and ‘the Social’? The Case of Farm Ponds for Supplemental Irrigation in Burkina Faso and Mali

Adopting the perspective of practitioners, we analyse the case of farm ponds for supplemental irrigation built in Burkina Faso and Mali. We reflect on the ways in which climate technologies can contribute to smallholder farmers’ resilience to climate change, showing that in the different processes involved in the design and implementation of farm ponds as climate technologies, the distinction between infrastructure, equipment and machinery, on the one hand, and people, societies and communities, on the other, concealed the complexity of agricultural, agro-ecological and development practices. This ultimately hindered the potentially positive impacts of the technology and confirmed what the literature has already shown: that climate technologies should be approached as solutions that, regardless of their use of a particular piece of infrastructure or equipment, are always ‘socio-technical’.

Feasibility of Rabi crops using harvested Rain Water through farm pond under semi-arid conditions of North Gujarat

Feasibility of Rabi crops using harvested Rain Water through farm pond under semi-arid conditions of North Gujarat

Analysis Of The Effectiveness Of Government Communication And Empowerment For Traditional Fishpond Farmers On The North Aceh Coast

Research to determine, describe and analyze the effectiveness, transparency and accuracy of government communication and empowerment for Traditional Pond Farmers on the coast of North Aceh, Aceh province. Utilizing all communication media effectively, creatively and innovatively in strengthening partnerships and collaboration; government, pond farmers, coastal institutions and other stakeholders. Becoming a new paradigm and perspective in development and empowerment with the spirit of voicing the voiceless. In revealing the socio-economic capital of traditional pond farmers. The presence of government communication, development communication and empowerment to contribute to the development and empowerment process, diffusion of innovation and communication technology. The phenomenon of helplessness of traditional pond farmers in North Aceh is an illustration of the still weak effectiveness of government communication, development communication, empowerment and human-centered social change. This research uses a phenomenological paradigm with theoretical foundations and concepts from the perspective of government communication, social development communication, empowerment communication, communicative action, social welfare, social capital, local wisdom, coastal areas and traditional pond farmers. Data is collected through interviews, observation, focus group discussions, literature review or documentation. The results of the research show that changes in the mindset of traditional pond farmers will lead to different behavior patterns than before. In this process of change, it can be seen that there is a self-help process to get out of the stigma of being poor and marginalized. The development and empowerment process should show empowerment, participation, collaborative communication that can lead to a condition of life for pond farmers based on mutually agreed values, norms, customs, culture and local wisdom capable of strengthening social welfare and social capital. Development and empowerment must be understood as a process with multiple dimensions, involving major changes in social structures, social institutions, attitudes, minimizing inequality, marginalization and absolute poverty. There needs to be a paradigm shift from a capitalist market mechanism system to upholding nationalist values ​​with human- centered development practices. Including strengthening togetherness, harmonization, solidarity and strengthening collective self-empowerment. So that the effectiveness of government communication, development and empowerment of traditional pond farmers must be prepared based on initiative, participation, orientation to needs, potential and capabilities while still paying attention to the institutional dynamics therein.

Platform Budidaya Perairan Ekosistem Tambak Berbasis Internet Of Things

Indonesia has a potential pond area of 2,963,717 hectares. Ponds are a place for breeding ecosystems such as shrimp. The digitalization system in ponds is very necessary for management and development and has an impact on economic growth. Development in the field of aquaculture involves extensification and intensification. One of the intensification programs is to utilize Internet of Things (IoT) technology to identify various parameters from the Pond which are sent to the Webserver. This research is to produce a webserver-based platform to serve as a data center and monitor several IoT devices on the farm. This platform uses an internet network with HTTP and MySql protocols. Operations related to web servers and devices refer to standard quality settings from pond farmers.

Negative Effects of Butachlor on the Growth and Physiology of Four Aquatic Plants.

The increasing use of herbicides in intelligent agricultural production is driven by the time-consuming nature of manual weeding, as well as its ephemeral effectiveness. However, herbicides like butachlor degrade slowly and can be washed away by rainwater, ultimately flowing into the farm ponds and posing risks to aquatic plants. To identify and recommend superior restoration strategies that effectively address the challenges posed by butachlor, we investigated the impacts of butachlor on the growth and physiology of four common aquatic plants (i.e., Hydrilla verticillata, Ceratophyllum demersum, Potamogeton maackianus, and Myriophyllum aquaticum) and their potential role in mitigating environmental damage by reducing residual herbicide levels. Our findings indicated that M. aquaticum was tolerant to butachlor, exhibiting higher growth rates than other species when exposed to various butachlor concentrations. However, the concentration of butachlor negatively impacted the growth of H. verticillata, C. demersum, and P. maackianus, with higher concentrations leading to more significant inhibitory effects. After a 15-day experimental period, aquatic plants reduced the butachlor residuals in culture mediums across concentrations of 0.5 mg/L, 1 mg/L, and 2 mg/L compared to non-plant controls. Our findings classified P. maackianus as butachlor-sensitive and M. aquaticum as butachlor-tolerant species. This investigation represents novel research aimed at elucidating the contrasting effects of different concentrations of butachlor on four common aquatic species in the agricultural multi-pond system.

Hardware Realization of Long Range (LoRa) Based Telemetry System for Aquaculture Monitoring

Freshwater fish farming must pay attention to the condition of the water content in the pond and the water quality in the pond. Fish will feel comfortable if the efficiency of oxygen levels and pond water content is maintained. Freshwater fish farming needs to optimize crop yields so as not to get losses. The problem that is often encountered is that many fish die in the pond due to lack of water. Irrigation channels leading to fishponds experience blockages. The smoothness of the irrigation channel affects the volume of water in the pond. Blockage of irrigation channels is usually due to garbage trapped in irrigation, causing dirty water to settle and water sequestration to occur in the pond. This tool system aims to improve water quality and increase the efficiency of oxygen levels by using TDS and ultrasonic sensors. The parameter value on the sensor affects the work of the tool actuator. The tool actuator is a water pump that is used as a substitute for irrigation channels and an aerator motor to increase dissolved oxygen in water by moving the propeller on the surface of the pond water. Wireless technology is used for data communication. Because the land of freshwater fish farming ponds is a large area and is far from settlements, wireless communication is suitable for enabling easy and fast access to information and services. In this research, the testing methods used are functional testing and system performance testing. Functional testing is used to prove whether the system that has been implemented can meet the requirements of operational functions as planned. System performance testing is intended to monitor several parameters that can show the ability and reliability of the system in carrying out its operational functions. The result of the overall test is the LoRa communication distance that can communicate up to about 1000 meters, proving that LoRa technology has a strong enough ability in terms of range wireless communication. The PLE (Path Loss Exponent) of the LoRa module with 100 meters in LoS (indoor) conditions is 7.77, while in nLoS conditions in obstructed in-building, it is 10.13. The average error of the ultrasonic sensor type JSN SR-04T is 0.16% and has a difference of ± 1 cm. The TDS sensor with dissolved pool water content has an average value of 142.6 ppm with an error value of 1.05%. The PDAM water content has an average value of 112.1 ppm with a sensor value of 1.38%. The water content of the lime and detergent mixture has the highest observed ppm value, which is an average of 737.33 ppm, with a sensor error of 0.14%. The water pump activates when the pool water is low (when the ultrasonic distance reaches 60 cm), and the aerator activates when the water content is contaminated (when the TDS sensor value exceeds 500 ppm).

Smallholder aquaculture diversifies livelihoods and diets thus improving food security status: evidence from northern Zambia

BackgroundMuch has been made of the potential for aquaculture to improve rural livelihoods and food and nutrition security in Africa, though little evidence exists to back such claims. This study, conducted in northern Zambia, assessed the benefits of adopting aquaculture by comparing a sample of households with (n = 177) and without fishponds (n = 174).ResultsOn-farm food production was assessed by summing all crop and livestock activities and calculating a production diversity score (PDS) of key food groups. Aquaculture households had greater crop diversification and were more associated with key nutritious foods grown on the farm, possibly due to additional water irrigation capabilities. A greater diversity of cultivated crops led to better household dietary diversity scores (HDDS). We further assessed the frequency of consumption of 53 food items (including 30 fish species) over a period of 4 weeks via a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). Using the Simpson’s Index, aquaculture households had greater diversity and evenness in the distribution of foods and fish species consumed, particularly for foods grown on the farm. Using livelihood and dietary factors in a multilevel probit regression on the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS), we found that adopting aquaculture gave households almost two times more likelihood of improving their food security status. Households could further improve their food security outcomes by growing and consuming certain vegetables, especially those that could be integrated along pond dykes.ConclusionsThe study suggests three clear pathways to food security. (1) Increasing wealth and income from the sale of fish and integrated vegetables and/or crops, which can be used to purchase a diversity of foods. (2) Increasing food and nutrition security via the direct consumption of fish and vegetables grown on the farm. (3) Improving irrigation capabilities in integrated aquaculture–agriculture systems that has direct impact on pathways 1 and 2. Aquaculture should be promoted in the region for its crop diversification and food security benefits, so long as it fits the local farming system and livelihood context. Moving away from productivist approaches to nutrition-sensitive aquaculture widens the scope of uncovering the many benefits of pond farming in smallholder systems.

Agricultural drought risk and local adaptation measures in the Upper Mun River Basin, Thailand

Northeast Thailand is one of the country's important agricultural regions. Yet, it is frequently grappled by droughts affecting crop production as most of the cultivation depends on rain-fed irrigation. This study employs a comprehensive framework for assessing the drought risk in the Mun River basin, including hazard, exposure, and vulnerability factors. Hazard is estimated using a multivariate approach considering drought duration and severity, while exposure and vulnerability are evaluated using eighteen proxy factors encompassing physical and socioeconomic aspects. Local adaptation measures adopted by farmers to cope with droughts are an integral part of the risk assessment framework. Factors are normalized to five equally spaced categories and are aggregated using weights obtained from AHP through a survey among 50 local experts. Further, an extensive survey was conducted among 122 farmers in two hotspots with high hazards but contrasting vulnerability to investigate adaptation practices. Experts in the region perceive a higher importance of adaptive capacity than drought susceptibility while defining vulnerability. The results show that people living in areas with high hazard levels and physical vulnerability also tend to have a higher adaptive capacity to manage water scarcity. Overall, 22% of the area is under high to very high drought risk. Specifically, 14% of the area in Nakhon Ratchasima, 15% in Buriram, 8% in Surin, and 19% in Si Sa Ket provinces have very high risk. Among two hotspots, Dan Khun Thot district farmers have diversified crops and practiced various adaptive measures to build their resilience against drought and have low vulnerability and risk. In contrast, adaptation measures are implemented to a far lesser extent in the Phlapphla Chai district and have high vulnerability and risk. The education level of farmers is found to be directly linked with the implementation of local adaptation measures. The disparity in the adaptive measures adopted in two districts highlights the significance of agricultural water management interventions. Access to climate information regarding droughts, building farm ponds, and crop management practices are the preferred adaptation measures taken by the farmers. The study recommends districts in each province identified as having high risk are prioritized and supported by the local government to improve farm-level water management practices and drought resilience. It is imperative as looming climate change will further exacerbate future droughts.

Attitude of farmers towards kisan farm pond scheme in Bhilwara district of Rajasthan

Attitude of farmers towards kisan farm pond scheme in Bhilwara district of Rajasthan

Profiling of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and multi drug resistance (MDR) of <em>Escherichia coli</em> isolates from livestock, wild animals and an ornamental fish farm in Polgahawela, Sri Lanka

The pattern of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and the prevalence of multi drug resistance (MDR) of Escherichia coli (E. coli) isolates from livestock, wild animals and an ornamental fish farm were investigated in a selected area in Polgahawela, Sri Lanka. Sampling area of one square Km containing an ornamental fish farm, a broiler farm, cattle, goat, and backyard poultry which are located separately within the sampling area but not in an integrated farming system with its associated wildlife was mapped using GPS. Faecal samples were examined from 89 wild animals (terrestrial and avian species), 28 livestock animals (including poultry) as well as 40 samples from an ornamental fish farm (fish faecal material, pond water and pond sediment). E. coli was isolated using standard methods and AMR profiles were investigated for 12 antimicrobials using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Sixty nine percent (62/89) of wild animals and 86% (24/28) of livestock samples were positive for E. coli whereas the isolation rate was 17.5% (7/40) in the samples from the ornamental fish farm. A maximum of two randomly selected E. coli isolates from each sample, making a total of 164 isolates were tested for AMR of which 114, 43 and 7 were from wild animals, livestock and the ornamental fish farm, respectively. The E. coli isolates tested against 12 antimicrobials reflected that the proportions of E. coli isolates resistant to at least one antimicrobial were 30%, 63% and 71% in wild animals, livestock and the ornamental fish farm, respectively. Multidrug-resistant E. coli isolates were detected in wild animals, livestock and the samples from ornamental fish farm. Overall, according to the statistical analysis, E. coli isolated from livestock and the ornamental fish farm reflected a significantly higher chance of carrying AMR compared with E. coli from wild animals.

Mitigation of The Risk of Failed Harvest Pond Farming Fisheries Using The Calculating of The Premium Through The Approach to The Principle of Expectation Value

Pond cultivation is a promising business to be engaged in at this time, the demand for fish in the market is high, it opens opportunities for entrepreneurship in the field of fish cultivation. It is undeniable that several factors will cause crop failure in fish farming, both from weather factors and in the livestock process. If such an unexpected thing happened, the cultivators would be slightly affected. Therefore, there is a need for special insurance to protect farmers from financial losses due to possible risks, namely Fishery Microinsurance. This study aims to determine a reasonable amount of insurance premiums for small-scale shrimp pond aquaculture cultivators using the expectancy value principle calculation method. The data on the number of events uses the Poisson distribution, while the loss data uses the Exponential distribution in Pandeglang Regency. Next use the Maximum Likelihood Estimation method to calculate the parameter estimate. After that, the results of the parameter estimation are used to search for a collective risk model. Thus, the result of the premium calculation in this study was Rp 25.893.046

Farmer’s Perception and Efficacy of Adaptation Strategies to Climate Change in North Eastern Transition Zone of Karnataka State in India

A primary survey during the year 2021-22 was carried out among the 240 farmers of Bidar and Gulbarga districts of North Eastern Transition Zone in Karnataka to study the farmer’s perception on climate change for the period 1979 to 2019 and validate their opinions with the change in the meteorological indicators. About 74 percent of farmers expressed that there is a decline in crop yield while 83 percent of farmers opined that is a shift of employment from farm to non-farm activities during the period of forty years. Farmers practice various farm adaptation strategies activities to overcome the effect of climate change. Through Garatte ranking, it is revealed that most of the farmers prefer to practice alteration of sowing dates of crop (rank 1) as adaptation strategy followed by using of drought tolerant varieties (rank 2) and mixed cropping (rank3). Binary Logit analysis was used to identify the socio- economic attributes of households influencing the adoption of adaptation strategy to climate change. The results showed that, the variables like farm size, access to institutional credit, live stock ownership and climate information are the factors which positively shows significant influence on adoption. Economic incentives play an important role in the adoption of modern technologies. Access to institutional credit will support the farmers financially in adopting water conservation techniques like farm ponds, micro irrigation products.

An automatic waste cleaning system in shrimp ponds with digital image processing using the internet of things

Super intensive shrimp pond wastewater with a stocking density of 750-1,250 individuals/m2 contains an average total suspended solids (TSS) of 798-924 mg/L, dissolved organic matter (BOT) of 81,227-88,641 mg/L; total nitrogen (TN) 9.8389-14.4260 mg/L; and total phosphate (TP) 7.8770-11.8720 mg/L. This value has exceeded the threshold limit of the permissible pond wastewater standard so it has the potential to hurt the environmental quality of water bodies receiving the waste load. making a more intensive vannamei shrimp farming pond cleaning system using turbidity sensors to read turbidity in shrimp farming ponds and ultrasonic sensors as readers of the water level in shrimp farming ponds and using a camera to detect the presence of foam waste in shrimp farming ponds and the Raspberry Pi microcontroller as a center system control on control devices and monitoring of all sensors then the output data will activate the drainage of leftover shrimp feed and shrimp waste from drainage to disposal using PVC pipes and automatic faucets that are driven using DC power window motors. The Internet of Things (IoT) automatic system in the construction of a waste cleaning device for shrimp ponds was built using a turbidity sensor that can detect the level of turbidity in water with an accuracy of 0.51%. The need for additional water in the pond is assisted by an ultrasonic sensor which provides information to the water pump with an average accuracy of 0.56%. To detect foam waste using a webcam camera as a foam detector.

Oils seeds performed better for different sources of irrigation water as comparedto wheat and chickpea in Malaprabha Command Area of Northern Karnataka

In the present scenario of irregular monsoon, in-situ conservation of rain water through farm ponds and providing life saving irrigations utilizing ground water to the agriculture crops is the need of hour. In this context, astudy was conducted on evaluation of effect of different sources of irrigation water on important rabi crops like safflower, sunflower, wheat and chickpea during rabi seasons of 2017, 2018 & 2019 at the Irrigation Water Management Research Center (IWMRC), Belavatagi in North Karnataka. Among the different rabi crops tried safflower recorded significantly higher chickpea equivalent yield in all three years as well as in pooled analysis (2.38, 2.04, 1.16 and 1.86 t /ha, respectively) followed by sunflower (1.49, 1.32, 1.28 and 1.36 t /ha, respectively). The results also indicated that, among the rabi crops, safflower and sunflower are the least affected crops with respect to sources of irrigation water, whereas chickpea and wheat are much affected with the different sources of irrigation water. Thus, oilseeds like safflower and sunflower performed better as compared to chickpea and wheat with different sources of irrigation water with respect to their growth and performance in Malaprabha Command Area of North Karnataka region.

Aquaculture practices in Bangladesh: A synopsis on prospects, productivity, and problems

AbstractAquaculture is one of the most prominent sectors of Bangladesh regarding nutrition, livelihood, and revenues. Although this nation has made promising improvements in aquaculture, several existing and imminent challenges can disrupt further development. Until now, no studies have extensively reviewed the existing aquaculture practices of this nation. Thus, this article elucidates the prospects, production, and problems of common aquaculture practices for the establishment of sustainable aquaculture in Bangladesh. The culture units are mainly natural bodies of water including earthen ponds, seasonal floodplains, baor, and gher. Although pond farming is the oldest and most dominant practice in this nation, the use of pen and cage cultures has also been intensified in the last decade. Regarding farmed fish species, indigenous major carps, exotic carps, tilapia, pangas catfish, and climbing perch are the major runners. Among crustaceans, giant freshwater prawns and tiger shrimp are the leading farmed species. Mud crab, biofloc, and seaweed farming are a growing focus that can evolve as artisanal and commercial‐scale farming practices in the near future. Major challenges that are potent enough to impede the establishment of viable aquaculture practices in Bangladesh are inadequate seed production, disease outbreaks, climate change, mediocre management practices, and limited mariculture propagations.

Innovation in Hungarian aquaculture

Before the regime change in Hungary, the aquaculture sector produced one of the largest income values within agriculture in the field of international knowledge and technology transfer. As a result of environmental effects, the strengthening of regulations and their enforcement, as well as the Covid-19 epidemic, marine fish catches decreased by 3.8% in 2020 compared to the average of 2017-2019. In addition, the EU is a net importer of aquaculture products (68% of the aquaculture products consumed in the EU are not produced in the EU). The decline in marine fisheries offers a chance to increase the market share of the freshwater aquaculture sector. However, the recent increase in energy and feed raw material prices makes the situation even more complicated. In the current economic environment, there is an increased need to respond to problems through innovation. The development of the Hungarian aquaculture sector has three target areas: i) traditional pond farming; ii) precision (intensive) fish production; iii) and modernization of fish processing are both priorities and at the same time complex development goals We examined the main challenges of these areas and identified proposed solutions that, can provide a solution to some of the sector's problems thanks to the recent innovative developments. It can be concluded that willingness and susceptibility to innovation are present in the sector. Excellent national and international developments have been made recently. It is a task for national economies to support actors in the aquaculture innovation chain in their renewal.