Pomegranate Leaf Research Articles

Pomegranate Leaf Disease Detection Using Supervised and Unsupervised Algorithm Techniques

Pomegranate is a highly profitable fruit which produces abundantly in several Asian countries. However, due to a wide range of factors, the plants are infected with a wide range of illnesses that kill off the entire crop, leading to a catastrophically low product production. To address the issues in Phytopathology, this research suggests an image processing, supervised and unsupervised approach to wellness detection and categorization of pomegranate leaf. The diseases spread by insects and the environment affect the leaves. Some examples of these ailments include blight microbe, rot, and spot. The proposed system employs some images for training, and others for testing functions. First, a color image is preprocessed and employed k-means clustering to isolate the damaged region of the leaf. Locating the Region of Interest, scaling, color converting, and filtering are all part of the pre-processing process. Next, supervised learning models like ResNet and MobileNet are used to extract features and classify data. Classification criteria are utilized to locate the top-performing model. Metrics analysis reveals that MobileNet outperforms ResNet by 1.79%, providing an accuracy of 97.32%.

Novel assay to measure chromosome instability identifies Punica granatum extract that elevates CIN and has a potential for tumor- suppressing therapies.

Human artificial chromosomes (HACs) have provided a useful tool to study kinetochore structure and function, gene delivery, and gene expression. The HAC propagates and segregates properly in the cells. Recently, we have developed an experimental high-throughput imaging (HTI) HAC-based assay that allows the identification of genes whose depletion leads to chromosome instability (CIN). The HAC carries a GFP transgene that facilitates quantitative measurement of CIN. The loss of HAC/GFP may be measured by flow cytometry or fluorescence scanning microscope. Therefore, CIN rate can be measured by counting the proportion of fluorescent cells. Here, the HAC/GFP-based assay has been adapted to screen anticancer compounds for possible induction or elevation of CIN. We analyzed 24 cytotoxic plant extracts. Punica granatum leaf extract (PLE) indeed sharply increases CIN rate in HT1080 fibrosarcoma cells. PLE treatment leads to cell cycle arrest, reduction of mitotic index, and the increased numbers of micronuclei (MNi) and nucleoplasmic bridges (NPBs). PLE-mediated increased CIN correlates with the induction of double-stranded breaks (DSBs). We infer that the PLE extract contains a component(s) that elevate CIN, making it a candidate for further study as a potential cancer treatment. The data also provide a proof of principle for the utility of the HAC/GFP-based system in screening for natural products and other compounds that elevate CIN in cancer cells.

Classification of Pomegranate Leaves Diseases by Image Processing and Machine Learning Techniques

A decrease in agricultural yield has been caused by uneven climatic conditions. Global agricultural economies are affected by this. Furthermore, if the crops are infected by any disease, the situation becomes even worse. In addition, farmers have to increase their yield in order to cope with a growing population. In order to detect and prevent various diseases from affecting crops, modern agricultural techniques, and systems are needed. One of the most profitable fruits on the market is the pomegranate, a fruit that produces an astounding yield in a number of Asian nations. Unfortunately, due to a number of conditions, the plants are infected with several diseases that destroy the entire crop leaving a terribly low yield of products. A key challenge in agricultural image processing is the recognition of disease in plants. To identify and classify diseases on pomegranate plants precisely, this framework uses image processing techniques such as acquisition, resizing, enhancement, segmentation, ROI extraction, and feature extraction to process images. The framework is implemented using a training set and a test set of images associated with pomegranate leaf disease. Image enhancement and image segmentation are usually used during the implementation process in order to identify ROIs and features. The use of machine learning (ML) may be a viable way to solve this problem. The problems are solved using ML models like linear discriminant analysis (LDA), K-Nearest Neighbor, Naive Bayes (NB), and ensembles (LDA–NB). By combining LDA with NB, the framework can achieve an accuracy of 96.49% for classifying diseases on pomegranate leaves.

A green and environmental sustainable approach to synthesis the Mn oxide nanomaterial from Punica granatum leaf extracts and its in vitro biological applications.

Pathogenic fungal infections in fruit cause economic losses and have deleterious effects on human health globally. Despite the low pH and high water contents of vegetables and fresh, ripened fruits, they are prone to fungal and bacterial diseases. The ever-increasing resistance of phytopathogens toward pesticides, fungicides and bactericides has resulted in substantial threats to plant growth and production in recent years. However, plant-mediated nanoparticles are useful tools for combating parasitic fungi and bacteria. Herein, we synthesized biogenic manganese oxide nanoparticles (MnONPs) from an extract of Punica granatum (P. granatum), and these nanoparticles showed significant antifungal and antibacterial activities. The production of MnONPs from plant extracts was confirmed by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and UV visible spectroscopy (UV). The surface morphology and shape of the nanoparticles were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Using a detached fruit method, the MnONPs were shown to exhibit significant antimicrobial activities against two bacterial strains, E. coli and S. aureus, and against the fungal species P. digitatum. The results revealed that the MnONPs had a minimum antimicrobial activity at 25µg/mL and a maximum antimicrobial activity at 100µg/mL against bacterial strains in lemon (citrus). Furthermore, the MnONPs exhibited significant ROS scavenging activity. Finally, inconclusive results from the green-synthesized MnONPs magnified their significant synergetic effects on the shelf life of tomatoes (Lycopercicum esculantum) and indicated that they could be used to counteract the phytopathological effects of postharvest fungal diseases in fruits and vegetables. Overall, this method of MnONPs synthesis is inexpensive, rapid and ecofriendly. MnONPs can be used as potential antimicrobial agents against different microbial species.

NITRIFICATION INHIBITORS IMPACT ON NITROUS OXIDE EMISSION AND AMMONIA VOLATILIZATION: A SUSTAINABLE MEASURE TOWARD A HYGIENIC ENVIRONMENT

Nitrogen (N) application to agricultural fields warrants curtailing nitrous oxide (N2O) emission and ammonia (NH3) volatilization for improved use efficiency with a less environmental footprint of N. As a means of mitigating N2O emissions, the efficacy of nitrification inhibitors (NIs) is well established but the efficacy of NIs in reducing NH3 volatilization is not well understood. The study investigated the efficacy of neem oil, pomegranate leaf extract, and dicyandiamide (DCD) coating on prilled urea for reducing N2O emissions and the trend of NH3 release using static air closed chamber technique in an incubation room. The results showed that all NIs reduced N2O flux in the order of 37%–42% by DCD urea, 19%–34% by neem oil coated urea (NOCUs), and 11%–16% by pomegranate leaf extract coated urea (PLECU). However, over uncoated urea, 43%–54% NH3 flux was increased by DCD, 10%–32% by NOCUs, and significantly the least increase (5%–14%) in NH3 cumulative flux was shown by PLECU. Dicyandiamide significantly reduced N2O flux more than all other treatments, and PLECU showed the least increase in NH3 emission when compared with other coated treatments. Hence, it is suggested that neem oil and pomegranate leaf extract could be used successfully not only for mitigating N2O emission, but also lessen environmental damages in association with managed N intense agriculture. Moreover, research focus on the increase in NH3 volatilization using DCD needs serious attention, especially in alkaline calcareous soils.

Green synthesis of Ag2O nanoparticles using Punica granatum leaf extract for sulfamethoxazole antibiotic adsorption: characterization, experimental study, modeling, and DFT calculation.

Silver oxide (Ag2O) nanoparticles (NPs) were generated by synthesizing green leaf extract of Punica granatum, and afterwards they were used as adsorbent to remove the antibiotic additive sulfamethoxazole (SMX) from aqueous solutions. Prior of their use as adsorbent, the Ag2O NPs were characterized by various methods such as X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The Ag2O NPs were found to be spherically shaped and stabilized by the constituents of the extract. Further, at SMX antibiotic concentration of 100 mg L-1, the Ag2O NPs achieved almost complete removal of 98.93% within 90 min, and by using 0.8 g L-1 of adsorbent dose at pH=4 and temperature T=308 K. In addition, the experimental data were well fitted with the theoretical Langmuir model indicating homogeneous adsorbed layer of the SMX antibiotic on the Ag2O NPs surface. The maximum uptake capacity was 277.85 mg g-1. A good agreement was also found between the kinetic adsorption data and the theoretical pseudo-second-order model. Regarding the thermodynamic adsorption aspects, the data revealed an endothermic nature and confirmed the feasibility and the spontaneity of the adsorption reaction. Furthermore, the regeneration study has shown that the Ag2O NPs could be efficiently reused for up to five cycles. The geometric structures have been optimized and quantum chemical parameters were calculated for the SMX unprotonated (SMX+/-) and protonated (SMX+) using density functional theory (DFT) calculation. The DFT results indicated that the unprotonated SMX+/- reacts more favorably on the Ag2O surface, as compared to the protonated SMX+. The SMX binding mechanism was predominantly controlled by the electrostatic attraction, hydrogen bond, hydrophobic, and π-π interactions. The overall data suggest that the Ag2O NPs have promising potential for antibiotic removal from wastewater.

Biosynthesis of Silica Nanoparticles Using the Leaf Extract of Punica granatum and Assessment of Its Antibacterial Activities Against Human Pathogens

Plant-mediated nanoparticle synthesis is a revolutionary technique with numerous applications in fields, such as agriculture, food processing, and medicine. This study reports that Punica granatum leaf extract is capable of the green and eco-friendly synthesis of silica nanoparticles that provides a simple, cost-effective, and efficient methodology. P. granatum leaf extract was employed as a capping and stabilizing agent for the formation of silica nanoparticles, which were synthesized by a biological method using tetra ethyl ortho silicate. Biosynthesized silica nanoparticles are characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. All the analyses and characterization determined that the particles were spherical in shape and amorphous in nature with an average size of 12nm. P. granatum-assisted silica nanoparticles were tested for antibacterial activity by a well-diffusion method against two-gram negative bacterial pathogens (E. coli and Salmonella sp.). The antibacterial studies prove that P. granatum-assisted silica nanoparticles have good antibacterial properties. These studies will help us find a new nano-drug or medicine against multidrug-resistant bacteria.

Efficient performance of copper oxide nanoparticles synthesized with pomegranate leaf extract for neutral red dye adsorption

AbstractThe adsorption of dyes in water and wastewater using metallic nanoparticles stands out due to its high removal capacity and low environmental impact. The present study proposed the use of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO_NP), synthesized with pomegranate leaves extract (Punica granatum) to remove the neutral red (NR) dye from the aqueous medium. The characterization confirmed the efficiency of the redox process and the formation of nanoparticles. The adsorption results were promising, wherein the maximum adsorption capacity was 283 mg/g (298 K), with 0.4 g/L of adsorbent concentration, equilibrium time at 120 min, and removal rate of 96%. The pseudo‐second‐order and Langmuir models had a better fit concerning the kinetic and isothermal data, respectively. Thermodynamic parameters revealed an exothermic, spontaneous, and reversible process. The mechanisms that described the adsorptive process were hydrogen bonds, π‐interactions, and electrostatic attraction. CuO_NP showed good regeneration performance up to four reuse cycles (98–52 mg/g). In addition, not pronounced changes were verified in its adsorption capacity with dissociated ions (90–102 mg/g, in relation to the adsorption with no salts 104 mg/g). This secures the material versatility and cost‐effectiveness, justifying its high potential for industrial application to remove NR from water and wastewater.

A novel and one-pot synthesis of Punica granatum mediated copper oxide having flower-like morphology as an efficient visible-light driven photocatalyst for degradation of textile dyes in waste water

Removal of an organic pollutant from wastewater is becoming a matter of serious concern due to pure water scarcity. The present research proposed a one-pot synthesis of CuO nanoparticles with a novel flower-like morphology which is found to be an efficient photocatalyst for the current scenario of environmental concern i.e., degradation of organic pollutants. Nanoparticles have been successfully synthesized using Punica granatum leaf extract as a stabilizing and reducing agent and are characterized through XRD, FTIR, FESEM, EDX, TEM, and UV–Visible spectrophotometer. XRD pattern elucidates the formation of green synthesized CuO along with the coexistence of cubic-Cu2O and monoclinic-CuO phases. FTIR and EDS results enumerate the presence of biomolecules of leaf extract on the particle’s surface of CuO and elemental composition, respectively. FESEM images depict different flower-like morphology. TEM images expose the interspaces among the particles which result in high absorption of dye-molecules. HRTEM reveals the interplanar distance of 0.24 nm corresponding to (111) lattice plane of CuO. BET results reveal mesoporous nature of copper oxide particles with surface area and pore size of 85.551 m2g−1 and 9 nm. TG-DTA analysis reveals the formation of stable CuO. Effect of pH, copper oxide dose, dye concentration and contact time on the adsorption of dye has been studied along with adsorption isotherms. High photocatalytic efficiency (97.8%, 90.8% and 93%) of such type of morphology of CuO has been achieved under natural sunlight towards decolorization of three different type dyes (Reactive Yellow-86, Reactive Orange-4 and Methylene Blue). Therefore, current work offers simplistic, rapid, and eco-friendly green synthesis of CuO. This study will contribute in its own way for the practical development of the green synthesis route.

Antimicrobial and Cytotoxicity Activities of Medicinal Plants against Salmonella gallinarum Isolated from Chickens.

Medicinal plants have been the good source of treatment for different ailments of humans as well as animals for centuries. However, in Tanzania, few plants were investigated for their efficacy against various diseases of chickens. In the present study, four medicinal plants were investigated against Salmonella gallinarum isolated from chickens. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) using the broth microdilution methods and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBCs) were used to evaluate the activities of plants against chicken salmonellosis. For the safety of chickens against the toxicity of plants, the cytotoxicity assay was determined using a brine shrimp lethality test. Aloe secundiflora leaf ethyl acetate (ALEA), Aloe rabaiensis leaf methanolic (ArM), Aloe rabaiensis leaf ethyl acetate (ArLEA), and Punica granatum leaf ethyl acetate (PGLEA) extracts exhibited the highest MIC (0.3906 mg/mL) and MBC (3.125 mg/mL), respectively. The Dolichos kilimandscharicus tuber ethyl acetate (DTEA) and Dolichos kilimandscharicus tuber pet ether (DTPE) extracts displayed MIC of 1.563 mg/mL and 12.50 mg/mL and MBC of 12.50 mg/mL and 25.50 mg/mL, respectively. The highest LC50 values exhibited in Dolichos kilimandscharicus ranged from 7.937 × 10−4 mg/mL to 7.242 × 10−2 mg/mL for pet ether and methanolic extracts, respectively, while ALEA extract exhibited LC50 of 7.645 × 10−3 mg/mL. Generally, the extracts with MIC 0.3906 mg/mL and MBC 3.125 mg/mL demonstrated the highest antibacterial activity with low toxicity efficient to manage chicken salmonellosis. Dolichos kilimandscharicus, which exhibited higher toxicity, warrants further investigation on insecticidal and anticancer agents.

Field Evaluation of Indofil Z-78 against Fruit Rot (Colletotrichum sp.) and Leaf Spot (Alternaria and Cercospora) Disease of Pomegranate

The pomegranate (Punica granatum L.), is one of the ancient and highly praised favorite fruit belongs family Lythraceae of Myrtales order which is mainly grown in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. In recent years for successful cultivation of pomegranate, faced by many constraints, among them, pest and diseases are the major ones. Common pathogens of pomegranate leaf and fruits include Anthracnose and Cercospora and Alternaria leaf spot and these pathogens cause severe loss to pomegranate crop. Therefore, a field experiment was carried out on the effect of Indofil Z-78 against leaf spots and fruit rot of pomegranate during 2018-19 and 2019-2020 at College of Horticulture, Hiriyur. Experimental results revealed that all the treatments significantly reduced the leaf spots and fruit rot disease severity over untreated control.Amongst all the treatments in both seasons. Indofil Z-78 @ 4 gm/liter was most effective in management leaf spots (15.18 and 12.33 PDI), anthracnose (10.55 and 15.13 PDI) with a yield of 4.00 tons/ha and 3.82 tons/ ha respectively followed by the same fungicides at 3.00 gm/liter.

Field Evaluation of Indofil M-45 against Fruit Rot (Colletotrichum sp.) Leaf Spot (Alternaria and Cercospora) Disease of Pomegranate

The pomegranate (Punica granatum L.), is one of the ancient and highly praised favorite fruit belongs family Lythraceae of Myrtales order which is mainly grown in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. In recent years for the successful cultivation of pomegranate, faced by many constraints, among them, pest and diseases are the major ones. Common pathogens of pomegranate leaf and fruits include Anthracnose and Cercospora and Alternaria leaf spot and these pathogens cause severe loss to pomegranate crop. Therefore, a field experiment was carried out on the effect of Indofil M- 45 against leaf spots and fruit rot of pomegranate during 2018-19 and 2019-2020 at College of Horticulture, Hiriyur. Experimental results revealed that all the treatments significantly reduced the leaf spots and fruit rot disease severity over untreated control. Amongst all the treatments in both seasons. Indofil M-45 atat gm/liter was most effective in management leaf spots (15.50 and 16.17 PDI), anthracnose (10.55 and 8.33 PDI) with a yield of 4.18 tons/ha and 3.59 tons/ ha respectively followed by the same fungicides at 3.00gm/liter.

Pharmacognostic evaluation, physicochemical standardization and HPTLC fingerprint analysis of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) leaf and seed

Pharmacognostic evaluation, physicochemical standardization and HPTLC fingerprint analysis of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) leaf and seed

The Effect of Ethanol Extract of Punica granatum Linn. Leaves on Lipid Profiles of Dyslipidemic Rat

It has been reported that peel of Punica granatum has antidyslipidemic activity. The aim of this research was to investigate the antidyslipidemic activity of Punica granatum leaf. The dried Punica granatum leaves were extracted with 96% ethanol. Rats were divided into several groups, which were normal, positive control, simvastatin at a dose of 10 mg/kg bw as reference group, and Punica granatum extract at a dose of 100 mg/kg. Before treatment, male Wistar rats were fed with high cholesterol chow for 3 months, and then plant extract was given for 4 weeks. Blood samples were collected at week 0, 12, 14, and 16 to measure the levels of total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, and triglyceride. Furthermore, at the last day of extract treatment, the aorta was isolated and haematoxylin-eosin stained. Administration of ethanol leaf extract of Punica granatum at a dose of 100 mg/kg for 2 weeks significantly reduced the total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels up to 27.6% and 34.79%, respectively, compared to positive control group. After 4 weeks of extract treatment, the reduction of total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol level were up to 59.9% and 75.05%, respectively. There was no effect of extract on HDL-cholesterol and triglyceride level. Furthermore, histological study showed that ethanol extract of P. granatum reduced aortic wall thickness significantly compared to untreated group. Punica granatum leaf is potential to be developed as an antidyslipidemic drug.

Variation of the Polyphenolic Composition and Antioxidant Capacity of Freshly Prepared Pomegranate Leaf Infusions over One-Day Storage.

In recent decades, an intensive search for natural and novel types of antioxidant polyphenolics has been carried out on numerous plant materials. However, the current literature has very little information on their storage stability in the form of freshly prepared infusions. This study aims to characterize the polyphenolic composition and the antioxidant capacity of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) leaf infusions over one-day storage (analyzed at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 24 h). Spectrophotometric evaluation demonstrated that the infusion presented no significant changes in the content of total phenols (131.40–133.47 mg gallic acid g−1) and ortho-diphenols (239.91–244.25 mg gallic acid g−1). The infusion also maintained high stability (over 98% and 82%, respectively) for flavonoids (53.30–55.84 mg rutin g−1) and condensed tannins (102.15–124.20 mg epicatechin g−1), with stable (>90%) potent antioxidant capacity (1.5–2.2 mmol Trolox g−1) throughout 0–24 h storage. The main decrease was observed during 0–2 h storage of flavonoids, 8–24 h storage of tannins, and 0–4 h storage of antioxidant capacity. Chromatographic analysis further revealed that 7 decreased and 11 increased compounds were found within 0–24 h storage. The good stability of the total polyphenolics and antioxidant properties might be related to the complex conversion and activity compensation among these compounds. The findings suggest that pomegranate leaf infusion could be of great interest in the valorization of high added-value by-products and in the application of green and functional alternatives in the food-pharma and nutraceutical industries.

Preparation of Anti-immunodeficiency pills by the Herbal solution

Background: In Indian medical treatments, the extracts from plants and leaves played major role in pharmaceuticals drugs. Objective of the present study is to find the anti-immunodeficiency pills by the herbal solution. Methods: Natural medicine in this is to prepare the anti-immunodeficiency tablet from the neem leaf, guava leaf and the high vitamin content pomegranate leaf. The mixed extract of all three leaf phytochemicals and which can use as an anti-immunodeficiency tablet. To extract the ingredients from the leaves the process of infusion has been followed and then the extract converted to powder as per standard procedure. Result and Conclusion: The produced herbal combinations have been characterized by the FTIR, XRD, FESEM with EDAX (EDS) and antimicrobial testing and the results is analysed.

Phytochemical and antioxidant analysis of medicinal and food plants towards bioactive food and pharmaceutical resources

Plants with medicinal properties play an increasingly important role in food and pharmaceutical industries for their functions on disease prevention and treatment. This study characterizes the phenolic composition and antioxidant activity of seven medicinal and food plants, including the leaves of Salvia officinalis L., Rosmarinus officinalis L., Olea europaea L., and Punica granatum L., as well as the leaves and young stems of Ruta graveolens L., Mentha piperita L., and Petroselinum crispum, Mill., by using colorimetric, chromatographic, and spectrophotometric assays. Results revealed that the hydro-methanolic leaf extracts of P. granatum (pomegranate) displayed the highest content of total phenols (199.26 mg gallic acid per gram of plant dry weight), ortho-diphenols (391.76 mg gallic acid per gram of plant dry weight), and tannins (99.20 mg epicatechin per gram of plant dry weight), besides a higher content of flavonoids (24 mg catechin per gram of plant dry weight). The highest antioxidant capacity measured by ABTS, DPPH, and FRAP (2.14, 2.27, and 2.33 mM Trolox per gram of plant dry weight, respectively) methods was also obtained in pomegranate leaf extracts, being 4–200 times higher than the other species. Such potent antioxidant activity of pomegranate leaves can be ascribed to the presence of different types of phenolic compounds and the high content in tannins, whilst phenolic acids and flavonoids were found to be the dominant phenolic classes of the other six plants. Consequently, despite the well-known antioxidant properties of these plant species, our study suggests pomegranate leaf can stand out as a relatively more valuable plant source of natural bioactive molecules for developing novel functional food-pharma ingredients, with potential for not only promoting human health but also improving bio-valorization and environment.

Adsorption of Safranin-O dye by copper oxide nanoparticles synthesized from Punica granatum leaf extract

ABSTRACT The development of new technologies for water and wastewater treatment is a growing need due to the occurrence of micropollutants, such as dyes, in water resources. In this sense, green-synthesized nanoparticles are being extensively studied, due to their low cost, non-toxicity, and high efficiency in adsorption processes. Thus, the present study reports the green synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO-NP), obtained from pomegranate (Punica granatum) leaf extract, employed for the removal of Safranin-O (SO) dye. CuO-NP was characterized by physicochemical analysis. These analyzes suggested that the redox process occurred efficiently. Also, the material presented interesting elements for the removal of cationic dyes such as negative surface charge, high specific surface area, and predominance of mesopores. The kinetic data fitted the pseudo-second-order model, reaching equilibrium in 480 min. The equilibrium study resulted in a maximum adsorption capacity of 189.54 mg g−1 at 298 K and the experimental data best fitted the Langmuir model. The effect of pH and ionic strength did not present significant changes, which demonstrates an advantage of this adsorbent over other materials. The regeneration study allowed to verify the possibility of reuse CuO-NP, since after 4 cycles the adsorption capacity was 44% of the initial value. Considering the results found, CuO-NP has a high potential for applicability in the treatment of water contaminated by dyes.

Assessment of anti-oxidant, anti-epileptic and anti-anxiety activities of pomegranate leaf (Punica grantum) in mice

Assessment of anti-oxidant, anti-epileptic and anti-anxiety activities of pomegranate leaf (Punica grantum) in mice

Development of specific culture media, studies on effect of media, pH and temperature on growth of Cercospora punicae, the causal agent of fruit and leaf spot disease of pomegranate

The mycelail growth of Cercospora punicae on PDA is very slow therefore the present investigation describes the effects of media, pH, temperature and standardized the best media for qucik growth of Cercospora punicae (leaf and fruit spot disease of pomegranate) in vitro. Five media, Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA), Czapeck Dox Agar (CDA), Green Pomegranate Leaf Decoction Agar 5% (GPLDA), Oat Meal Agar (OMA) and Vegetable Juice Agar (V-8JA) were evaluated for their effects on growth of the pathogen. Green Pomegranate Leaf Decoction Agar medium 5% (57.50 mm) was found to support maximum mycelail growth of fungus in vitro. Therefore, five different concentrations (5; 10; 15; 20; 25%) of Green Pomegranate Leaf Extract in Potato Dextrose Agar were evaluated for standardization of optimum concentration of leaf extract for getting maximum growth of Cercospora punicae in minimum possible time. The maximum radial growth of C. punicae (90 mm) was attained at 15 per cent Green Pomegranate Leaf Decoction Agar medium in 18 days and standardized as specific medium for conducting all the laboratory studies. The maximum growth was observed at temperature levels 25 oC (89.85 mm) which was significantly superior to all other temperatures levels viz., 15, 20, 30 and 35 0C on GPLDA medium. The pathogen grew best on pH 6 and the least growth occurred at pH 4.