Poly Vinyl Chloride Compounds Research Articles

Antimony‐based flame retardant systems in plasticized polyvinyl chloride compounds

AbstractA method of choosing the most effective way to meet specific flame retardant requirements in polyvinyl chloride compounds, which uses flammability tests based on oxygen indexes, shows that antimony‐based and non‐antimony retardants perform as well as commonly used antimony oxide retardants, and at a reduced cost.

The additive heat history of PVC stability

AbstractA thermal stability test can determine the amount of residual stability remaining in a polyvinyl chloride compound after processing. Once the percentage of a compound's stability consumed in a given process is known, any regrind material can be tested to determine if it has sufficient residual stability to be reprocessed. Thermal processing also affects weathering, so the test can predict safe weathering limits.

Melt extensiometer investigation of PVC pipe compounds

AbstractThe Rheotens melt extensiometer can be a valuable tool for developing and studying rigid polyvinyl chloride compounds. The Rheotens can relate effects of variables such as processing aids, lubricants, and extrusion conditions on compound extrusion characteristics and changes in the melt on a morphological and molecular level, adding to the understanding of the processing and physical properties development of PVC materials.

Liver disease among polyvinyl chloride production workers.

A protocol for systematic testing of all employees of a chemical plant is presented. This factory manufactures polyvinyl chloride compounds and resins, ABS compounds and resins, and synthetic rubber. The results were reviewed, which led to the discovery of 2 additional cases of angiosarcoma and 11 cases of portal fibrosis. Two of the 11 cases were found to have developed in employees other than polyvinyl chloride production workers.

Boric acid esters as secondary plasticizers for poly (vinyl chloride)

AbstractIn addition to the primary plasticizers which are essential for giving the required ease of processing to and improving desirable mechanical properties of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) compounds, secondary plasticizers also play a significant role in confering specific properties to PVC. It was from this point of view that the boric acid esters were evaluated in PVC compositions. Because of the limited compatibility of boric acid esters with PVC by themselves, their use could be recommended only as secondary plasticizers. In the present paper various boric acid esters prepared in this laboratory [S. P. Potnis and A. G. Khanolkar, Popular Plastics, 15, 20 (1969)] have been evaluated for their performance in PVC compounds, and results obtained indicate that the monomeric and alicyclic esters of boric acid could be used with definite advantage and improve such properties as electrical resistance, heat stability, and in some cases even the mechanical properties.

Rheological and thermodynamic interaction effects in plasticized polyvinyl chloride compounds

AbstractEarlier work reported the superposition of flow curves for plasticized compounds of vinyl chloride homopolymer with corresponding curves for unplasticized resin. Viscosity shift factors for three plasticizer systems plotted against temperature define an apparent fusion temperature for the bulk polymer. A Brabender Plasticorder, used as a temperature‐scanning rheometer, determined fusion temperatures for various plasticized PVC compounds. These data confirm a fusion temperature for bulk polymer near 205°C, and permit calculation of Flory‐Huggins χ parameters over substantial ranges of composition and temperature. The thermodynamic parameter correlates well with viscosity shift factors for compounds with polymer volume fractions below 0.6. The possibility is therefore raised of calculating flow characteristics for plasticized PVC compounds from knowledge of χ only. The temperature and composition dependence of χ, estimated for the system PVC‐diiso‐octyl phthalate, is similar to reported variations in simpler polymer‐diluent systems. Thus, PVC‐plasticizer systems may follow analogous thermodynamic rules.

Thermal stability of modified poly(vinyl chloride) by TGA

AbstractThe stability of poly(vinyl chloride), as measured by thermogravimetric analysis, is significantly different from that of other thermoplastics. It is shown that the onset of weight loss can be correlated with the development of color in a processed resin. It is further shown that the ingredients within a rigid polyvinyl chloride compound drastically alter its thermal behavior. The effect of lubricant and stabilizer on the degradation of poly(vinyl chloride) is stressed.

The determination of acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene terpolymer in polyvinyl chloride compounds using infrared or near‐infrared spectrophotometry

The determination of acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene terpolymer in polyvinyl chloride compounds using infrared or near‐infrared spectrophotometry

Bulk handling racks for free-floating serial sections, especially suitable for nauta staining.

Staining racks, each containing 20 shallow compartments, were constructed by drilling 1.5 cm holes in 8 × 11 cm sheets of 1 mm thick Darvic, an unplasticised polyvinyl-chloride compound, and cementing fibre-glass gauze of 1.3 mm mesh size to one surface. Sections were placed serially—one to each compartment—in the racks, and stacks of up to 9 racks were clamped by Perspex (methyl methacrylate) nuts and bolts, and side clamps. Thus, sections could be handled easily and kept in strict serial order, even in bulk. For Nauta staining, brains had to be gelatin embedded before sectioning. By storing sections in groups of 4 in ice-cube trays, evenly spaced series could be selected for placement in the racks. As many as 160 sections were taken together through all stages of the Nauta method, the timing of critical stages being controlled by taking 4 to 6 free-floating sections, together with the racks, through the various solutions.

Spectroscopic Analysis of Polyvinyl Chloride Compounds

An emission spectrographic method for the determination of stabilizers and fillers in polyvinyl chloride compounds is described. In conjunction with infrared methods, the plasticizer is ether extracted and the resin dissolved in tetrachloroethane. The stabilizer and filler are removed from the dissolved resin by centrifuging The resultant powder is mixed with cupric oxide and graphite powder. The mixture is pelletized on the end of a graphite electrode. A Multisource discharge is used to determine lead, aluminum, silicon, calcium and antimony as percent oxides The concentration of stabilizers and fillers may then be calculated The emission spectrographic analysis can be performed in duplicate on 8 mg of stabilizer and filler from the compound.

電線用塩化ビニル混和物に用いる着色剤の分散性

電線用塩化ビニル混和物に用いる着色剤の分散性

塩化ビニル樹脂混和物中の可塑剤の拡散速度

第1報で報告した混和物中の可塑剤の拡散係数Dと, 第3報で報告した振動リード法による粘性, η50 (50cps) との関係を考察した。50°-20℃ においては, logD-logη50はほぼ傾斜45° の直線関係をなす。Eyringの粘性および拡散に関する理論式と, Floryらの高分子溶液の理論による活性に関する式を組み合せると, Dη50-v1 (v1: 可塑剤の容積分率) の関係から, 樹脂と可塑剤の相亙作用を表わすμ 定数が求められることを確かめた。ただDoty-Zab1eが樹脂の膨潤から求めたμ の値と比較すると, 一致する場合も一教しない場合もあり, さらに測定を重ねて補正を加えてゆく必要がある。

塩化ビニル樹脂混和物中の可塑剤の拡散速度

前報において, 可塑剤としてTCP, DOP, DOAを含む塩化ビニル樹脂混和物について, 可塑剤濃度20-60%, 温度20-140℃ の範囲で, 混和物中の可塑剤の拡散係数を測定した結果を報告したが, 本報で可塑剤濃度と温度が拡散係数に及ぼす影響を検討した。可塑剤の拡散係数は100℃ 以上では, 可塑剤の種類による差はごくわずかで, 可塑剤の容積分率でほぼ決定されるが, 50-20℃ になると可塑剤による差が明瞭に現われる。log D-1/ T ( D: 拡散係数;T: 絶対温度) の関係は, DOP, DOAにあっては20-140℃ の範囲で直線関係が成立し, 活性化エネルギーを求めると, いずれも可塑剤濃度が小になると急激こ増大する。次にEyringの理論により活性化エントロピーを求めると, 同じく可塑剤濃度が小になると急激に増大する。なお耐寒性可塑剤であるDOAは活性化エネルギーもエントロピーもやや低い値を示す。

塩化ビニル樹脂混和物中の可塑剤の拡散速度

第1報で報告した塩化ビニル樹脂混和物中の可塑剤の拡散速度と, 混和物の2次転移点および体積固有抵抗との関係を検討した。混和物の可撓温度をTf (°K), 樹脂の重量分率を恥とすると, 1/Tf～ic2の間には直線関係が成立する。logD～1/Tfの関係は, 10O℃ 以上においては, Boyerの指摘したように, 直線関係が成立するが, 50℃ になると曲線になり, 20℃ になると可塑剤の種類に無関係にほぼ一定の関係が成立する。混和物の体積固有抵抗をρとすると, log (ρw2)～logDの間には, 可塑剤の種類に無関係に直線関係が成立する。

塩化ビニル樹脂混和物中の可塑剤の拡散速度

塩化ビニル樹脂混和物中の可塑剤の拡散速度

Elastic properties of polvinyl chloride gels

AbstractYoung's moduli are measured by a simple compression method on plasticized polyvinyl chloride (Vinylite VYNW) compounds containing from 5 to 100% polymer covering a range of approximately seven orders of magnitude in modulus. By comparing values obtained at different temperatures, it is shown that the 60‐second modulus in the range of 25°C. is largely due to entropy changes occurring during deformation of compounds containing less than about 50% polymer, but upon internal energy changes in compounds containing higher concentrations of resin. A semiquantitative description of the three‐dimensional polyvinyl chloride network existing in the soft‐gel region is arrived at from the kinetic theory of elasticity, and a network structure is suggested for the region of high resin content. A method for comparing relative solvent power of various plasticizers is suggested based on moduli determined in the soft‐gel region. Effects of polymer composition on the network structure are also discussed.

Observation on Dielectric Constants of Polyvinyl Chloride Compounds in Plasticizing Process

Observation on Dielectric Constants of Polyvinyl Chloride Compounds in Plasticizing Process

The Dependence of Volume Resistivities of Polyvinylchloride Compounds on the Kind ofPlasticizers

The Dependence of Volume Resistivities of Polyvinylchloride Compounds on the Kind ofPlasticizers

Properties of Polyvinyl Chloride Compounds

Properties of Polyvinyl Chloride Compounds

Polyvinyl Chloride Compounds.

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPolyvinyl Chloride Compounds.R. R. Lawrence and E. B. MclntyreCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1949, 41, 4, 689–694Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1949Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1949https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50472a008RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views145Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (713 KB) Get e-Alerts