Polysulfide Redox Kinetics Research Articles

Ni-NiS Heterojunction Composite-Coated Separator for High-Performance Lithium Sulfur Battery

The shuttle effect and slow REDOX kinetics of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) lead to low sulfur utilization rate, short cycle life, poor rate performance, which hinder the application of Li–S batteries. Herein, the Ni-NiS/NCF heterojunction composite was prepared with multistage pore structure and a large specific surface area, which can effectively capture LiPSs, provide more active sites for catalyzing LiPSs. Moreover, due to the heterojunction structure of Ni-NiS, in which NiS can effectively capture and catalyze lithium polysulfide, and Ni can effectively accelerate the diffusion and charge transfer of lithium ions, the Ni-NiS/NCF heterojunction composite establishes a high ion and electron conduction network, so as to achieve efficient mass and charge transfer capacity. The mutual coordination of uniformly distributed Ni-NiS heterojunctions inhibits the shuttle effect of LiPSs. When the sulfur load is 1.8 mg/cm2, the initial capacity of the cell with Ni-NiS/NCF-coated separator at 1 C is 1109.6 mAh/g, and the final discharge capacity is maintained at 618.0 mAh/g after 300 cycles. At the same time, the reversible specific capacity was maintained at 674.0 mAh/g after 50 cycles even under high sulfur load.

Design of a 3D CNT/Ti3C2Tx aerogel-modified separator for Li–S batteries to eliminate both the shuttle effect and slow redox kinetics of polysulfides

Design of a 3D CNT/Ti3C2Tx aerogel-modified separator for Li–S batteries to eliminate both the shuttle effect and slow redox kinetics of polysulfides

Oxygen vacancy-mediated amorphous GeOx assisted polysulfide redox kinetics for room-temperature sodium-sulfur batteries

The practical applications of room-temperature sodium-sulfur (RT Na-S) batteries have been greatly hindered by the natural sluggish reaction kinetics of sulfur and the shuttle effect of sodium polysulfide (NaPSs). Herein, oxygen vacancy (OV)-mediated amorphous GeOx/nitrogen doped carbon (donated as GeOx/NC) composites were well designed as sulfur hosts for RT Na–S batteries. Experimental and density functional theory studies show that the introduction of oxygen vacancies on GeOx/NC can effectively immobilize polysulfides and accelerate the redox kinetics of polysulfides. Meanwhile, the micro-and mesoporous framework, acting as a reactor for storing active S, is conducive to alleviating the expansion of S during the charging/discharging process. Consequently, the S@GeOx/NC cathode affords a reversible capacity of 1017 mA h g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 after 100 cycles, outstanding rate capability of 333 mA h g−1 at 10.0 A g−1 and long lifespan cyclability of 385 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1 after 1200 cycles. This work furnishes a new way for the rational design of metal oxides with oxygen vacancies and boosts the application for RT Na-S batteries.

Pyrrole derivatives as interlayer modifier of Li-S batteries: Modulation of electrochemical performance by molecular perturbation

The electrochemical performance of lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries is strongly hampered by the shuttle effect and slow redox kinetics of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs). Surface modified interlayer of a separator of Li-S batteries is demonstrated to be an effective strategy to overcome this problem. Herein, cobalt nanoparticles confined in nitrogen co-doped porous carbon framework (Co-CN) were developed from pyrolysis of ZIF-67 and used as interlayer of PP separator for Li-S batteries, and were functionalized by four pyrrole derivatives, 1-phenylpyrrole, 1-methyl pyrrole, 1-(p-toluenesulfonyl) pyrrole, and 1-pyrrole, respectively, which were screened in terms of the electron-withdrawing/donating ability of the substituent groups on the pyrrolic nitrogen. The impact of the molecular structure of pyrrole derivatives on the interaction with LiPSs and the electrochemical performance of Li-S batteries were explored by nuclear magnetic resonance and theoretical calculation. It is uncovered that 1-phenylpyrrole shows the highest enhancement of redox kinetics of LiPSs, attributing to the optimal interaction with Co nanoparticles and LiPSs. Therefore, 1-phenylpyrrole modified Co-CN interlayer enables the best electrochemical performance for the Li-S batteries, delivering a specific capacity of 562 mAh g−1 at 5 C and a capacity of 538, 526, and 449 mAh g−1 after 500 cycles at 1, 2, and 3 C, respectively. At a high sulfur loading of 5.5 mg cm−2, it achieves a capacity of 440 mAh g−1 after 500 cycles at 1 C. This work reveals the interaction mechanism among LiPSs, Co nanoparticles and the molecular modifiers in improving the electrochemical performance of Li-S batteries.

Built-In Electric Field on the Mott-Schottky Heterointerface-Enabled Fast Kinetics Lithium-Sulfur Batteries.

Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries (LSBs) have been considered one of the most potential candidates to substitute traditional Li-ion batteries (LIBs), owing to their high theoretical energy density and low cost. Nevertheless, the shuttle effect and the sluggish redox kinetics of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) have long been obstacles to realizing stable LSBs with high reversible capacity. In this study, we proposed a metal-semiconductor (Mo and MoO2) heterostructure with the hollow microsphere morphology as an effective Mott-Schottky electrocatalyst to boost sulfur electrochemistry. The hollow structure can physically inhibit the shuttling of LiPSs and accommodate the volume fluctuation during cycling. More importantly, the built-in electric field at the heterointerfacial sites can effectively accelerate the reduction of LiPSs and oxidation of Li2S, thereby reaching a high sulfur utilization. With the assistance of the Mo/MoO2 catalyst, the cell exhibited prominent rate capability and stable long-term cycling performance, showing a high capacity of 630 mA h·g-1 at 4 C and a low decay of 0.073% at 1 C after 500 cycles. Even with high areal sulfur loading of 10.0 mg·cm-2, high capacity and good cycle stability were achieved at 0.2 C under lean electrolyte conditions (E/S ratio of 6 μL·mg-1).

Hybrid of spinel zinc-cobalt oxide nanospheres combined with nitrogen-containing carbon nanofibers as advanced electrocatalyst for redox reaction in lithium/polysulfides batteries

The polysulfides shuttle effect and torpid kinetic are of the crucial barriers for lithium/sulfur batteries. Herein, nitrogen-containing carbon nanofibers (NCFs) combined with spinel zinc-cobalt oxide (ZCO) nanospheres hybrid (denoted as ZCONCFs) were designed as membrane electrode containing Li2S6 catholyte for lithium/polysulfides batteries, which promote electrochemical performance by suppressing the shuttle effect and enhancing the redox kinetics of lithium polysulfides. The conductive NCFs provide fast electronic transport and anchored ZCO nanospheres possess a strong affinity to sulfur species, which could effectively anchor lithium polysulfides, boost their redox reaction catalytically-accelerate the reversible soluble/insoluble phases conversion process, and greatly improve the utilization of active material. The results show that ZCONCFs membrane electrode with 5 mg sulfur loading exhibited stability cycling capacity and improved reaction kinetics, which delivered a high initial capacity of 1160 mAh g−1 at 0.2C and sustain a capacity of 830 mAh g−1 after 300 cycles. The cell with ZCONCFs exhibits 8.22 mAh under the sulfur loading of 10 mg and the capacity decay rate is 0.11% per cycle after 150 cycles. This effective method could significantly improve the application capacity of lithium/sulfur batteries.

Design of a 3D CNT/Ti3C2Tx aerogel-modified separator for Li–S batteries to eliminate both the shuttle effect and slow redox kinetics of polysulfides

Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries suffer from fast capacity fade and an inferior rate performance due to the shuttling of polysulfides (LiPSs) and slow redox kinetics. To solve these issues, a three-dimensional (3D) CNT/Ti3C2Tx aerogel was prepared, with Ti3C2Tx as the active matrix and CNTs as the conductive pillars, and used as a LiPS immobilizer and promoter to modify a commercial Li–S battery separator. The unique design of highly porous 3D aerogel results in the exposure of more Ti3C2Tx active sites by preventing the restacking of their sheets, which not only provides abundant charge transport paths, but also strengthens the adsorption and catalytic conversion of LiPSs. The incorporation of CNTs forms a highly conductive network to connect the adjacent Ti3C2Tx sheets, thereby improving the conductivity and robustness of the 3D aerogel. As a result, a Li–S cell using the CNT/ Ti3C2Tx aerogel-modified separator has a high rate capacity of 1 043.2 mAh g−1 up to 2 C and an excellent cycling life of over 800 cycles at 0.5 C with a low capacity decay rate of 0.07% per cycle.

Multifunctional transitional metal-based phosphide nanoparticles towards improved polysulfide confinement and redox kinetics for highly stable lithium-sulfur batteries

The shuttle effect and the sluggish redox kinetics of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) are the major issues impeding the practical applications of lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs). Herein, a highly-efficient Ni2P electrocatalyst supported on N, P co-doped graphene (Ni2P@NPG) is developed via a simple “recrystallization-self-assembly” method to address the above issues. The ultrafine Ni2P nanoparticles ensure abundant adsorption-diffusion-conversion interfaces for accelerating LiPSs transformation and Li2S deposition, which extremely decreases the accumulation of LiPSs in the electrolyte and therefore prevents the migration of LiPSs. Their superior catalytic performance is demonstrated by reduced Gibbs free energy changes of rate-limiting step based on the systematic theoretical calculations and the reduced shuttle effect is tested by the three-dimensional reconstructions of Raman depth profiles. Benefiting from these synergistic effects, the LSBs with Ni2P@NPG modified separators present a superior cycling performance with an average capacity decay rate of 0.048 % per cycle at 1C around the 400 cycles and a high-rate capacity of 731 mAh/g at 2C. Even with a high-sulfur loading of 3.53 mg cm−2, the cell can still contain a reversible capacity of 809 mAh/g at 0.2C with a remarkable columbic efficiency of 98.4 %.

Modulating eg orbitals through ligand engineering to boost the electrocatalytic activity of NiSe for advanced lithium-sulfur batteries

Accelerating the sluggish redox kinetics of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) by electrocatalysis is essential to achieve high performance lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries. However, the issue of insufficient catalytic activity remains to be addressed. Herein, a strategy of modulating eg orbitals through ligand engineering has been proposed to boost the catalytic activity of NiSe for rapid LiPSs redox conversion. The X-ray spectroscopic measurements and theoretical calculations reveal that partial substitution of Se with N disrupts the octahedral coordination of Ni atoms in NiSe, leading to the reduced degeneracy and upward shift of eg orbitals of Ni 3d states. As a consequence, the bonding strength of N-substituted NiSe (N-NiSe) with LiPSs is enhanced, which facilitates the interfacial charge transfer kinetics and accelerates the LiPSs redox kinetics. Therefore, the Li-S batteries assembled with N-NiSe present a high capacity of 682.6 mAh g−1 at a high rate of 5 C and a high areal capacity of 6.5 mAh cm−2 at a high sulfur loading of 6 mg cm−2. This work provides a promising strategy to develop efficient transition-metal based electrocatalysts for Li-S batteries through eg orbital modulation.

Porous and heterostructured molybdenum-based phosphide and oxide nanobelts assisted by the structural engineering to enhance polysulfide anchoring and conversion for lithium–sulfur batteries

Lithium-sulfur batteries have ultra-high theoretical energy densities, which make them one of the most promising next-generation energy storage systems. However, it is still difficult to achieve large-scale commercialization because of fast capacity fade and poor rate capabilities. These problems are mainly caused by the severe shuttle effect of lithium polysulfide (LiPS) and slow redox kinetics. To solve these barriers, herein a modification strategy of functional separator is prepared by coating heterostructured and defective MoP-MoO2 with porous carbon nanofibers (PCNFs) on the surface of a commercial separator. Moreover, for the first time, we detailly explored the formation processes of various heterojunction (MoP-MoO2, Mo3P-MoO2 and MoP-Mo3P) derived from MoO3 nanobelts and put forward some conceptions for the constituting heterostructured MoP-MoO2 through the phosphorization of MoO3 precursor. The functional coating layer exhibits both satisfactory interception ability for LiPS shuttle and fast LiPS conversion ability due to abundant anchoring sites of heterostructured MoP-MoO2 nanobelts and shortened lithium ion channels of the prepared PCNFs. Benefiting from these advantages, the assembled Li-S battery with MoP-MoO2/PCNFs separator delivered a high specific capacity of 1078.9 mAh g−1 at 1C and 1056.7 mAh g−1 at 2C, excellent cycling stability (856.9 mAh g−1 after 400 cycles at 1C and 630.1 mAh g−1 after 500 cycles at 2C). The cell with MoP-MoO2/PCNFs separator manifested outstanding cycle performance with fading rate of 0.08 % at 0.5C after 300 cycles under a sulfur loading of 4.0 mg cm−2. The novel work will provide a new strategy by which the modified separator with the heterostructured transition metal phosphides and oxides can be applied for high-performance Li–S batteries and shows great potential for practical application.

Rationally designing composite gel polymer electrolyte enables high sulfur utilization and stable lithium anode

The lithium-sulfur battery is an attractive energy-storage device with low cost and high energy density. However, its development is still restricted by “shuttle effect”, lithium dendrite growth and safety problem. Herein, a novel PEO-PAN-LLZO composite gel polymer electrolyte (CGPE) was designed to overcome these issues. A porous composite membrane with excellent mechanical and interfacial properties was formed after casting dispersion of PAN, PEO, LLZO sheets, which can effectively absorb electrolyte, inhibit “shuttle effect” and protect lithium anode. A conductive acetylene black layer was coated on the membrane to further hinder the migration and enhance the redox kinetics of polysulfides. The CGPE based lithium-sulfur battery displays remarkably high specific capacities (1459 and 942 mAh/g at 0.1 and 1C respectively) and outstanding cycling performance (555 mAh/g at 1C after 500 cycles, average decay/cycle of 0.082%). The unique CGPE is promising for the practical application of high-performance lithium-sulfur battery.

A bifunctional interlayer fabricated by FeS2-embedded N-doped carbon nanocages with efficient polysulfide trapping-catalyzing capability for robust Li-S batteries

Shuttling behavior and sluggish redox kinetics of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) are fundamental reasons that impede the practical application of lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs). Herein, a novel FeS2-embedded N-doped carbon (FeS2-NC) nanocage is reported as a separator coating material to alleviate these problems. It is also for the first time that FeS2 is applied to the separator coating of LSBs. The yolk-pleat-shell structure of FeS2-NC was synthesized via the pyrolysis of iron complexes prepared by Schiff base condensation and subsequent sulfurization treatment. The large internal space of FeS2-NC not only physically confines LiPSs but also forms a high-speed electron–ion transport network in cooperation with the highly polar compound FeS2, providing abundant chemical adsorption and catalytic sites for fast conversions of LiPSs. Theoretical calculation further confirms that FeS2 has strong adsorption energy for both Li2S6 and Li2S8, while in-situ Raman analysis also reveals the interaction between FeS2 and LiPSs. In addition, coin cells with the light functional separator (coating loading: 0.2 mg cm−2) have a ultrahigh initial capacity of 1613.6 mAh g−1 at 0.1C and a satisfactory cyclability of 652.3 mAh g−1 at 1C over 600 cycles with an attenuation rate of 0.049% per cycle. Even the high-sulfur-loaded (2.73 mg cm−2) pouch cell release a lasting high areal capacity of 2.38 mAh cm−2 at 0.4C. These results demonstrate that FeS2-NC has the efficient capability as polysulfide trapping-catalyzing nanoreactor for LSBs application.

Cubic pyrite nickel sulfide nanospheres decorated with Ketjen black@sulfur composite for promoting polysulfides redox kinetics in lithium-sulfur batteries

Lithium polysulfides shuttle effect and their sluggish redox kinetics have seriously affected the development of lithium-sulfur batteries. To solve these issues, we have designed cubic pyrite-structure NiS 2 nanospheres modification of Ketjen black@sulfur (NiS 2 /KB@S) composite as cathode materials for lithium-sulfur batteries. The NiS 2 nanospheres have a positive effect on the adsorption and catalysis performance of the lithium polysulfides, which further facilitates the redox kinetics. Consequently, the NiS 2 /KB@S cathode with 3.1 mg cm −2 sulfur loading attains a discharge capacity of 869 mAh g −1 at 0.5 C and reversible capacity is 461 mAh g −1 after 500 cycles. Even at high sulfur loading of 5.3 mg cm −2 , the NiS 2 /KB@S electrode still delivers a high initial area capacity of 4.82 mAh cm −2 at 0.2 C with capacity retention capacity of 3.74 mAh cm −2 after 120 cycles. The cyclic and rate properties of NiS 2 /KB@S are greatly improved over that of KB@S. The results suggest that multifunction cubic pyrite-structure NiS 2 nanospheres that anchors effectively and catalysis is beneficial to the large-scale application for lithium-sulfur batteries. • Pyrite NiS 2 nanospheres serve as an activation catalyst in Li/S batteries. • Kinetic analyses prove that NiS 2 accelerates the redox kinetics of polysulfides. • NiS 2 /KB@S cathode achieves better cycling performance than KB@S.

Spinel manganese-cobalt oxide nanospheres anchored on nitrogen-containing carbon nanofibers as a highly efficient redox electrocatalyst in lithium/polysulfides batteries

The large-scale practical application of cost-efficient lithium/sulfur batteries with high energy density are impeded due to the shuttle effect and torpid kinetic of polysulfides. Herein, nitrogen-containing carbon nanofibers (NCFs) combined with spinel manganese-cobalt oxide (MCO) nanospheres (denoted as MCONCFs) were designed as membrane electrode containing Li2S6 catholyte for lithium/polysulfides batteries, which promote electrochemical performance by suppressing the shuttle effect and enhancing the redox kinetics of lithium polysulfides. The conductive NCFs provide fast electronic transport and anchored MCO nanospheres possess a strong affinity to sulfur species, which could effectively anchor lithium polysulfides, boost their redox reaction catalytically-accelerate the reversible soluble/insoluble phases conversion process, and greatly improve the utilization of active material. The results show that MCONCFs membrane electrode with 5 mg sulfur loading exhibited stability cycling capacity and improved reaction kinetics, which delivered a high initial capacity of 1177 mAh g−1 at 0.2 C and sustain a capacity of 745 mAh g−1 after 300 cycles. Even at 8.85 mg cm−2 sulfur loading, the composite electrode shows a high areal capacity of 7.8 mAh cm−2, and the areal capacity decay rate is 0.13% per cycle after 100 cycles. This effective method could significantly improve the application capacity of lithium/sulfur batteries.

Crystal Surface Engineering Induced Active Hexagonal Co2 P-V2 O3 for Highly Stable Lithium-Sulfur Batteries.

Purposeful control of the highly active crystal planes is an effective strategy to improve the nanocrystalline catalytic activity. Therefore, Co2 P nanocrystals with high exposure of (211) lattice plane loaded at 2D hexagonal V2 O3 nanosheets (H-Co2 P-V2 O3 ) are designed via the control of morphology. After optimization, this H-Co2 P-V2 O3 boosts the redox kinetics of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) in lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs), which is due to the increase of the Co-active sites by exposing more (211) lattice planes of Co2 P, and the high adsorption and catalysis characteristic of H-Co2 P-V2 O3 for the conversion of LiPSs into LSBs. In the case of modification separator by H-Co2 P-V2 O3 composite, the battery achieves an outstanding reversibility of 876.9 mAh g-1 over 500 cycles at 1 C, a superior rate property of 611.5 mAh g-1 at 8 C, and a long-term cycling performance with a low attenuation of 0.04% per cycle over 1000 cycles at 4 C for LSBs. Impressively, a remarkable areal capacity of 12.38 mAh cm-2 is retained under the high sulfur loading of 14.5mg cm-2 after 100 cycles. It is believed that the crystal surface engineering provides guidance to further improve the electrochemical performance of the LSB field.

Emerging multifunctional iron-based nanomaterials as polysulfides adsorbent and sulfur species catalyst for lithium-sulfur batteries—A mini-review

Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) battery has been considered as one of the most promising next generation energy storage technologies for its overwhelming merits of high theoretical specific capacity (1673 mAh/g), high energy density (2500 Wh/kg), low cost, and environmentally friendliness of sulfur. However, critical drawbacks, including inherent low conductivity of sulfur and Li2S, large volume changes of sulfur cathodes, undesirable shuttling and sluggish redox kinetics of polysulfides, seriously deteriorate the energy density, cycle life and rate capability of Li-S battery, and thus limit its practical applications. Herein, we reviewed the recent developments addressing these problems through iron-based nanomaterials for effective synergistic immobilization as well as conversion reaction kinetics acceleration for polysulfides. The mechanist configurations between different iron-based nanomaterials and polysulfides for entrapment and conversion acceleration were summarized at first. Then we concluded the recent progresses on utilizing various iron-based nanomaterials in Li-S battery as sulfur hosts, separators and cathode interlayers. Finally, we discussed the challenges and perspectives for designing high sulfur loading cathode architectures along with outstanding chemisorption capability and catalytic activity.

Enhanced polysulfide redox kinetics by niobium oxynitrides via in-situ adsorptive and catalytic effect in wide temperature range

Enhanced polysulfide redox kinetics by niobium oxynitrides via in-situ adsorptive and catalytic effect in wide temperature range

CoP@C with chemisorption-catalysis effect toward lithium polysulfides as multifunctional interlayer for high-performance lithium-sulfur batteries

The development of the commercial lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries have been severely limited due to the disgusting shuttle effect and sluggish redox kinetics of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) intermediates. Herein, cobalt phosphide (CoP) nanoparticles embedded into carbon spheres (CoP@C) as an interlayer on commercial polypropylene (PP) separator are designed through a facile co-precipitation method to address the above issues. The spherical CoP@C composite with numerous active sites can not only capture the LiPSs via strong chemical anchoring ability effectively, but also have good electrocatalytic ability to decrease the redox conversion barrier and enhance Li+ ion transport, ultimately promote the LiPSs conversion kinetics. Therefore, the Li-S batteries with CoP@C-PP separator show excellent electrochemical performance with high initial capacity of 1213 mAh g − 1 at 0.2 C, excellent cyclability with a low capacity fading rate of 0.058% per cycling upon long-term 800 cycles at 1.0 C, and a superior rate performance with 654 mAh g − 1 even at 5.0 C.

Manipulating Electrocatalytic Polysulfide Redox Kinetics by 1D Core–Shell Like Composite for Lithium–Sulfur Batteries

AbstractAlthough lithium–sulfur batteries have high theoretical energy density of 2600 Wh kg−1, the sluggish redox kinetics of soluble liquid polysulfide intermediates during discharge and charge is one of the main reasons for their limited battery performance. Designing highly efficient electrocatalysts with a core–shell like structure for accelerating polysulfide conversion is vital for the development of Li–S batteries. Herein, core–shell MoSe2@C nanorods are proposed to manipulate electrocatalytic polysulfide redox kinetics, thereby improving the Li–S battery performance. The 1D MoSe2@C is synthesized via a facile hydrothermal and subsequent selenization reaction. The electrocatalysis of MoSe2 is confirmed by the analysis of symmetric batteries, Tafel curves, changes of activation energy, and lithium‐ion diffusion. Density functional theory calculations also prove the low Gibbs free energy of the reaction pathway and the lithium‐ion diffusion barrier. Therefore, the Li–S batteries using MoSe2 electrocatalyst exhibit an excellent rate performance of 560 mAh g−1 at 1 C with a high sulfur loading of 3.4 mg cm−2 and an areal capacity of 4.7 mAh cm−2 at a high sulfur loading of 4.7 mg cm−2 under lean electrolyte conditions. This work provides a deeper insight into regulation of polysulfide redox kinetics in electrocatalysts for Li–S batteries.

Nitrogen-doped MoS2 as a catalytic sulfur host for lithium-sulfur batteries

Lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs) are the leading candidates for the next-generation lithium-ion batteries because of their large energy densities and low price. However, LSBs have a critical problem in that specific capacity continuously decreases due to the shuttle effect, so it has not been commercialized. Herein, we propose an N-doped MoS2 composite (nMC) with the dual functions of a chemisorption host and a conversion catalyst to inhibit the shuttle effect and thus improve the scalability of LSBs. The nMC increases the chemisorption energy of lithium polysulfide and promotes electron transfer, resulting in improved cycle stability and electrochemical performance. In addition, it controls the redox kinetics of lithium polysulfides by acting as a catalyst of the cathode. The nMC cathode accelerates the reaction rates by reducing the activation energy barrier of the Li2Sn to Li2S conversion and inhibits the shuttle effect by rapidly reducing highly soluble Li2Sn. Consequently, we developed the N-doped MoS2 composite, a catalytic host material for LSBs, that provides high initial capacity, outstanding cycle stability, and fast charging ability as cathode materials of LSBs. Especially, LSBs based on S@nMC cathode demonstrate high cycle stability with a low-capacity decay rate of 0.025% per cycle after 1000 cycles.