Gum Polysaccharide Research Articles

Fabrication of pH-sensitive galactomannan/glycerol bio-composite films for food packaging applications

Polysaccharide has attracted tremendous attention for their potential applications in film material with biodegradable, non-toxic, and environmentally friendly. Herein, the novel degradable galactomannan composited films were fabricated by a simple one-pot method based on physically crosslinking hydrogen bonding interactions between the hydroxyl of Gleditsia sinensis polysaccharide gum (GSG) and glycerol (Gly). Meanwhile, the film was incorporated with dye ingredients (Methyl orange, MO; Methyl red, MR; Bromocresol green, BG) as responsive agents and displayed considerable pH-responsive behavior by simulating the contact under acidic and alkaline conditions. The WVP values of films directly related to the concentration of Gly, and the highest WVP value was determined to be 0.1153 g•mm/m2•h•kPa. By taking mechanical property for emphasis, the composites film had decreased tensile stress (from 89.6 to 33.6 MPa) and significantly improved elongation rate (from 3.7% to 177.0%) with the increased Gly concentration, owing to the dynamic variation of inter- and intra-molecular hydrogen bonds between GSG and Gly chains and the corresponding molecular motion. The results demonstrated the properties of a novel galactomannan composited film that can potentially be applied in food packaging.

A step forward to overcome the cytotoxicity of graphene oxide through decoration with tragacanth gum polysaccharide

Hybridization of nanomaterials (NMs) with natural polymers is one of the best techniques to promote their exciting properties. In this way, the main objective of this work was to investigate the efficiency of decoration of the graphene oxide (GO) nano-sheets with tragacanth gum (TG) polysaccharide. To aim this, different approaches were used (with and without ultrasonic treatment) and various tests (XRD, FTIR, Raman, UV–Vis, DLS, Zeta potential, contact angle, AFM, FE-SEM, TEM, and MTT assay) were conducted. Test results indicated that the nano-hybrids were successfully synthesized. Furthermore, our findings represented that, the TG hybridized GO (TG-GO) appreciably enhanced the biocompatibility of GO. Moreover, it was demonstrated that the ultrasonic treatment of TG solution put a remarkable impact on the microstructure, wettability, and also surface charge characteristic of fabricated nano-hybrids and consequently improved the biocompatibility against L929-fibroblast cells.

Structural characterization of peach gum polysaccharide and its effects on the regulation of DSS-induced acute colitis

The structure and the effect of polysaccharide from peach gum (DPG2) on ameliorating DSS-induced acute colitis in mice were investigated in the present study. The results showed that DPG2 was identified as an AG II arabinogalactan with the backbone of β-D-(1 → 6)-galactan, which consisted of mannose, glucuronic acid, galactose, xylose and arabinose with a molar ratio of 4.64:1.02:2.61:39.82:3.89:48.02. Moreover, DPG2 behaved as a flexible chain conformation with a coil-like structure with a molecular weight (Mw) of 5.21 × 105 g/mol. Furthermore, the worm-like chain model parameters for DPG2 were estimated as follows: ML = 379 nm−1, q = 0.74 nm and d = 0.82 nm. The results of the animal assay showed that the intake of DPG2 not only effectively improved the phenotypes of DSS-induced colitis in mice, but also significantly improved the oxidative stress status of mice, such as regulating NO content and T-SOD and MPO levels and repairing oxidative damage to the colonic mucosa. Moreover, DPG2 improved the inflammation of DSS-induced colitis in mice by inhibiting the secretion of the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-17. Therefore, these results suggested that peach gum polysaccharide showed protective effects against colitis, and has great potential for the application of functional components in the food industry.

Design of moxifloxacin encapsulated network hydrogel wound dressings: Evaluation of polymer‐drug, polymer‐blood, and polymer‐bio membrane interactions

AbstractIt is an exploration of the inherent wound‐healing tendency of Azadirachta indica gum (AIG) or neem gum polysaccharides to develop the hydrogel wound dressings with enhanced potential during wound management. Herein this research work, antibiotic moxifloxacin encapsulated AIG network copolymeric hydrogels were developed by functionalizing with carbapol and poly(acrylamide) [poly(AAm)] for better wound healing. The polymer‐drug, polymer‐blood, and polymer‐bio membrane interactions were evaluated in biomedical properties. The copolymeric network structure was confirmed by scanning electron micrographs (SEMs), atomic force microscopy (AFM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and 13C solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The results confirmed sustained release of the moxifloxacin with diffusion by non‐Fickian process and Korsmeyer–Peppas kinetic model in the phosphate buffer saline (PBS). These interactions inferred the blood‐compatible (hemolytic index 3.41 ± 0.70%) and mucoadhesive nature (polymer‐biomembrane detachment force 0.09 ± 0.01 mN) of hydrogel dressing. The per gram of hydrogel dressings absorbed 10.22 ± 0.23 g of simulated wound fluid which is very useful to maintain moist wound environment for better wound healing. All these interactions and properties indicated the suitability of the hydrogel material for wound dressing applications for better wound care.

An Artificial Thermal Nociceptor Based on Xanthan Gum‐Gated Synaptic Transistors to Emulate Human Thermal Nociception

Nociceptors are kinds of sensory neurons that send warning information to the central nervous system in response to noxious stimuli. Thermal nociception happens as the thermal stimulus exceeds 45 °C as this temperature is perceived to be potentially harmful. Simulating this function is of great significance to developing bioinspired electronic skins and humanoid robots, which thus creates more demands for electronic devices that can simulate thermal nociception. Herein, an artificial thermal nociceptor (ATN) is fabricated by integrating a temperature sensor and a synaptic transistor, which can simulate the thermal pain threshold of the human body and operates in a very similar way as the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1). For this ATN, the function of temperature sensing is realized by a graphite–polydimethylsiloxane (Gr–PDMS) composite temperature sensor, and the synaptic functions, as well as nociceptor features, are emulated through a synaptic transistor using xanthan gum polysaccharide electrolyte as gate dielectric, providing energy‐efficient building blocks for brain‐inspired computation systems. In a word, the ATN proposed can help to open a new avenue and provides more possibilities in the design of artificial sensory systems with the functions of temperature perception and thermal feedback.

Characterization of ultrasonically extracted flaxseed polysaccharide gum and assessing its lipid-lowering potential in a rat model.

Flaxseed polysaccharide gum (FPG) was extracted through the ultrasound-assisted process using water as a solvent with a yield ranging from 8.05 ± 0.32% to 12.23 ± 0.45% by changing different extraction variables. The extracted FPG was analyzed for its functional groups and antioxidant potential. The maximum DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) free radical scavenging activity (≈100%) of FPG was noted at concentrations beyond ≈10mg·ml-1. The maximum inhibition percentage through ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis 3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (72.4% ± 1.9%) was noted at 40 mg·ml-1, which was observed to be less when compared to DPPH at the same concentration. The total antioxidant potential of the FPG solution at a concentration of 10mg·ml-1 was equivalent to 461 mg ascorbic acid, which tends to increase with concentration at a much lower scope. The in vivo trial suggested that the least weight gain was noted in experimental groups G2 and Gh2. A significant reduction in total cholesterol was noticed in G1 (-14.14%) and G2 (-17.72%) and in Gh1 (-22.02%) and Gh2 (-34.68%) after 60 days of the trial compared to the baseline values. The maximum reduction in total triglyceride was observed in Gh2 (-25.06%) and Gh1 (-22.01%) after 60 days of the trial. It was an increasing trend in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) in different experimental groups G2 (10.51%) than G1 (5.35%) and Gh2 (48.96%) and Gh1 (31.11%), respectively, after 60 days of study interval. Reduction of -5.05% and - 9.45% was observed in G1 and G2, while similar results were observed in Gh1 and Gh2. Conclusively, results suggested a possible protective role of FPG against hyperlipidemia.

Unexplored potential of acacia and guar gum to develop bio-based greases with impressive tribological performance: A possible alternative to mineral oil-based greases

A potential, sustainable, and economical eco-friendly alternative to harmful petroleum-based lubricants is a big challenge for the 21st-century lubricant industry. The present study explores, for the very first time, polysaccharide gums like gum acacia (GA) and guar gum (GG) as additives (0.5–10 %w/w) to enhance the extreme-pressure (EP) performance of greases (based on vegetable oil and organoclay). The greases are evaluated on a four-ball tester for the standard EP test (ASTM D2596). Adding GA or GG to greases enhances EP performance significantly. The performance ameliorates with the gum's concentration showing impressive results at higher concentrations (up to ≈ 60% better than a commercial grease). The superior performance is attributed to an in-situ formed polymer-layered silicate nanocomposite tribofilm at the interface via chemisorption (for GA) or physisorption (for GG). The formulated greases are a possible replacement for existing mineral oil-based commercial greases.

Development of dietary fibers moringa-sterculia gum hydrogel for drug delivery applications

IntroductionKeeping in view the role of polysaccharide gums in pharmaceutical applications. Herein this research, Moringa gum (MOG) and Sterculia gum (SG) polysaccharides have been explored to design the network structure in the form of hydrogels which can act as a wound dressing for better wound healing. Both gums are hydrophilic stem exudate and their anti-fungal and antioxidant activities have been reported for wound healing which can help the increase in wound healing potential of the antibiotic drug encapsulated hydrogel dressings. ObjectivesTo design the moringa gum, sterculia gum and polyacrylic acid based hydrogel wound dressings by graft copolymerization method impregnated with antibiotic drug levofloxacin for better wound care. MethodologyThe co-polymers were prepared by grafting and crosslinking of the polyacrylic acid onto MOG and SG. The copolymers were characterized by cryo-SEM, AFM, FTIR, 13C NMR and swelling studies along with the evaluation of blood compatibility, wound fluid absorption, antioxidant activity, permeability (O2, H2O and, microbial), mucoadhesion, mechanical and in vitro release dynamics of antibiotic drug levofloxacin. Results and conclusionThe Cryo-SEM and AFM images of the hydrogels showed the porous nature and rough surface morphology of the hydrogels. The porosity in the hydrogel controlled the wound fluid absorption and drug diffusion from dressing. The release of the levofloxacin from MOG-cl-SG-co-poly(AAc) hydrogel occurred by the non-Fickian diffusion mechanism and release profile was best fitted in the Korsmeyer-Peppas kinetic model of drug release in the simulated wound fluid . The gum-based dressings were found permeable and antioxidant in nature. Overall, these hydrogels could be proposed as suitable materials for biomedical applications including drug delivery and wound dressing for better wound care.

Structural and Rheological Properties of Yanang Gum (Tiliacora triandra).

Plant polysaccharides are used in the food industry to improve the texture and stability of food. The viscosity of polysaccharides, which includes both thickening and gelling, is an important characteristic. Yanang, Tilaicora triandra (Colebr.) Diels., composed of polysaccharide gum in its leaves. In this research, Yanang gum’s structural and rheological properties were investigated. The gum’s structure is xylan, with a backbone made up mostly of mixed (1,3)- and (1,4)-D-xylan. The average molecular weight of Yanang gum is 3819 kDa, with a gyration radius of 120.4 nm and an intrinsic viscosity of 14.6 dL/g. The power-law model was found to be the best fit for Yanang gum flow curves. The consistency coefficient, k, increases significantly with concentration in both the forward and the reverse measurements, whereas the flow behavior index, n, decreased as concentration increased. Yanang gum exhibited shear-thinning flow behavior. Increasing the concentration results in heightened G′ and G″, and the cross-over point shifts toward lower frequencies. The results of this study show that Yanang gum may be beneficial as other natural gums for food products.

Pharmacological Importance of Peach Gum Polysaccharide: A Review

Background: Peach gum is a natural gum exudate secreted from a peach tree (Prunus persica) by a process known as physiological gummosis. Peach gum is a natural biopolymer that is composed of acidic polysaccharides with a high percentage of arabinose and galactose subunit, which classifies it as an arabinogalactan. Objectives: This review summarizes the composition, chemical structures, physical properties and biological properties of peach gum, and its potential biotechnological applications. Method: A literature search was performed using Google Scholar with keywords as Peach Gum and Prunus persica. Only articles written in English and articles with downloadable full-texts were included in this review. Results: Peach gum polysaccharides possess antibacterial, antioxidant and anti-diabetic, and hypolipidemic properties. Excellent emulsification properties of PGP show that it has the potential to be employed as a food-grade emulsifier. Conclusion: PGP exhibits excellent emulsification, antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-diabetic and hypolipidemic properties. As plastic pollution has become an alarming global issue, PGP could be a promising edible raw material in the field of bioplastic research and development.

The physicochemical properties and the release of sodium caseinate/ polysaccharide gum chlorophyll multiple-layer particles by rotary side-spray fluid bed technology

Multiple-layer coating technology has widely applied to the quality modification of bioactive ingredients nowadays. This research used a rotary side-spray fluid bed to manufacture chlorophyll multiple-layer particles to adjust control release characteristics. The chlorophyll extracts were coated with sodium alginate (A1) and sodium caseinate (CA1) as the primary layer on sugar spheres and the product yield was 96.98 and 96.71%, respectively. The content of chlorophyll a and b (μg/g) were 41.04 and 13.20 in A1, 47.40 and 13.68 in CA1. The Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the bonding change and increase stability. The CA1 was coated with sodium alginate (CA-A), sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CA-C) and xanthan gum (CA-X) as the secondary layer, which can increase coated integrity, shell strength and thermal stability. The simulated gastrointestinal fluid showed 30.11% release in the stomach and 94.27% in the intestine, which improved release control characteristics. Increased retention rate and color stability in the storage test.

Synthesis, characterization, and properties of a new polyurethane elastomer based on tragacanth gum polysaccharide

This study prepared a type of bio-based elastomeric polyurethane from tragacanth gum (TG). TG is a natural polysaccharide with many hydroxyl groups that can be used as a chain extender and a crosslinker to react with the isocyanate groups in polyurethane prepolymer to form a highly branched and crosslinked polyurethane with high molecular weight and good mechanical properties. The chemical structure of the prepolymer and the thermal and mechanical properties of the prepared polyurethane were studied by Fourier transform infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance, scanning electron microscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis, dynamic mechanical thermal analysis, and tensile strength tester. The properties of the polyurethane-based on TG (TG-PU) were compared with the properties of the PU based on only polyethylene glycol. The TG-PU sample with 0.5 g TG showed a tensile strength of 288% and the glass transition temperature (Tg) of 33% higher than the tensile strength and Tg of PU without TG. We expect these findings to widen the range of preparation and applications of bio-based polyurethane materials.

Purification and Characterization of Gum-Derived Polysaccharides of Moringa oleifera and Azadirachta indica and Their Applications as Plant Stimulants and Bio-Pesticidal Agents.

Plant gums are bio-organic substances that are derived from the barks of trees. They are biodegradable and non-adverse complex polysaccharides that have been gaining usage in recent years due to a number of advantages they contribute to various applications. In this study, gum was collected from Moringa oleifera and Azadirachta indica trees, then dried and powdered. Characterizations of gum polysaccharides were performed using TLC, GC-MS, NMR, etc., and sugar molecules such as glucose and xylose were found to be present. Effects of the gums on Abelmoschus esculentus growth were observed through root growth, shoot growth, and biomass content. The exposure of the seeds to the plant gums led to bio stimulation in the growth of the plants. Poor quality soil was exposed to the gum polysaccharide, where the polysaccharide was found to improve soil quality, which was observed through soil analysis and SEM analysis of soil porosity and structure. Furthermore, the plant gums were also found to have bio-pesticidal activity against mealybugs, which showed certain interstitial damage evident through histopathological analysis.

Green synthesis of bioinspired chitosan-ZnO-based polysaccharide gums hydrogels with propolis extract as novel functional natural biomaterials

A facile, green synthesis methodology to obtain zinc oxide nanoparticles using three polysaccharide gums (Acacia gum, Guar gum and Xanthan gum) of biological origin was developed. Subsequently, biosynthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles were incorporated into a sustainable chitosan hydrogel matrix functionalized with propolis extract. This study has revealed that the selected polysaccharides as chelates represents a suitable approach to synthesize ZnO nanoparticles of particular interest with controlled morphology. The formation of ZnO nanoparticles using polysaccharide gums was confirmed by FTIR, XRD, UV–Vis spectroscopy, thermal analysis, SEM, Raman and photoluminescence spectroscopies. The rheological behaviour of obtained hydrogels was evaluated. The AFM studies demonstrate that all synthesized chitosan incorporated ZnO composites hydrogels functionalized with propolis extract exhibit corrugated topographies. The present study highlights the possible incorporation of various guest molecules into hydrogel matrix due to its tuneable morphologies. The obtained hydrogel composites were cytocompatible in L929 fibroblast cell culture, in a range of concentrations between 50 and 1000 μg/mL, as assessed by MTT, LDH and Live/Dead double staining assays. By enhancing the biological properties, these novel green hydrogels show attractive superior performance in a wide concentration range to develop future in vivo suitable natural platforms as effective delivery systems of pharmacologic agents for biomedical applications.

Oil spill remediation by grafted natural polysaccharide gum tragacanth: its kinetics and isotherms studies

Oil spill remediation by grafted natural polysaccharide gum tragacanth: its kinetics and isotherms studies

Physico-mechanical properties enhancement of pineapple leaf fiber (PALF) reinforced epoxy resin-based composites using guar gum (polysaccharide) filler: effects of gamma radiation

Pineapple leaf fiber (PALF) reinforced epoxy resin-based composites were fabricated by using hand lay-up technique. The fiber content in the composites was taken as 25% (w/w), then it was modified by inserting 5% guar gum (polysaccharide) filler. Results demonstrated a 6% and 9% increase of tensile strength (TS) and tensile modulus (TM), respectively, over that of virgin PALF-epoxy composites. But 7% reduced elongation at break (Eb%) was noticed in this study. Results also revealed a 6% increase of bending properties due to insertion of guar gum filler. The virgin PALF-epoxy composites and along with guar gum filler PALF-epoxy composites were treated by gamma radiation doses varied from 2.5 to 10 kGy. The results revealed improved tensile and bending properties at 5 and 7.5 kGy, respectively. Sheared composite samples were immersed into deionized water and it was observed that both composites with and without filler absorbed a lower amount of water. The fiber-matrix adhesion was obtained by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) on both composites. The functional groups of the composites were also determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and evaluated in this study.

Selective depression of talc in azurite sulfidization flotation by tamarind polysaccharide gum: Flotation response and adsorption mechanism

In this study, tamarind polysaccharide gum was first used in the sulfidization flotation of azurite to improve the Cu grade of the concentrate via the depression of talc. The flotation and contact angle test results indicated that the hydrophobicity and floatability of talc were weakened, and the recovery decreased with the addition of tamarind polysaccharide gum, but the flotation behavior of azurite was barely influenced. At pH 8.0, using 30 mg/L tamarind polysaccharide gum with 200 mg/L Na2S and 400 mg/L NaBX to separate azurite and talc, the recoveries of which were 80.42% and 18.07%, respectively. To explore the adsorption mechanism of tamarind polysaccharide gum, zeta potential measurements, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analyses were conducted. The results indicated that tamarind polysaccharide gum selectively adsorbed on the talc surface, thus the flotation separation of azurite and talc was achieved, and the concentrate grade in the sulfidization flotation of azurite was increased.

General and facile synthesis of robust composite nanocrystals with natural peach gum polysaccharide

Composite nanocrystal (CN) composed of inorganic nanocrystal and polymer has attracted great interest because of its attractive synergetic properties and wide applications. Herein, we present a simple and general method for the synthesis of various CNs (e.g., noble metal, magnetic, semiconductor and silver halide) based on the use of natural peach gum polysaccharide (PGP) as a capping agent. PGP with highly branched topological structure and abundant functional groups can not only induce the formation of CNs, but also endow the CNs with good aqueous dispersibility and stability. Thanks to the capping of PGP, the obtained CNs simultaneously possess small and relatively uniform size, numerous tailorable functional groups and low cytotoxicity. In addition, it is also confirmed that some CNs (e.g., PGP-Au and PGP-AgBr) can be utilized as a catalyst with high catalytic activity due to their accessible surface for substrate molecules. Considering the easy synthesis process and robust performance of CNs, this study opens up a new opportunity for scalable synthesis of applicable CNs.

Polysaccharide-Based Membrane Biocompatibility Study of Anacardium occidentale L. and Polyvinyl Alcohol after Subcutaneous Implant in Rats.

Polymeric membranes are a viable and sustainable option for the biotechnology industry from an economic and environmental point of view. In this study, we evaluated tissue response and tolerance to the implantation of a polymeric membrane prepared with cashew gum polysaccharide (CGP) associated with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). The objective was to characterize the biocompatibility of the CGP/PVA membrane in vivo. Following the evaluation criteria of the ISO 10993-6 standard, we demonstrated that the CGP/PVA membrane showed moderate tissue reaction, with a non-irritating ISO pattern, a thinner fibrous capsule, and a smaller amount of collagen compared to the positive control group. At 30 and 60 days, the membrane presented a similar amount of mast cells to that observed in the negative control group. The data demonstrate that the CGP/PVA membrane presents biocompatibility in accordance with the ISO 10993-6 standard.

Carboxymethylated tamarind polysaccharide gum as a green binder for silicon-based lithium-ion battery anodes

Binders pave the way for silicon (Si)-based lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) by alleviating excessive expansion of Si and offer an intriguingly high theoretical specific capacity (4200 mAh g−1), even with small amounts of additive. Here, we report a novel aqueous binder, carboxymethylated tamarind polysaccharide gum (1-CMT), created by modifying a low-cost, abundant, and non-toxic natural polysaccharide (tamarind kernel powder) under mild conditions. The Si@1-CMT electrode has a satisfactory specific capacity of 3626.7 mAh g−1 as well as a coulombic efficiency of 90.96% at the initial cycle; the Si mass loading is approximately 0.75 mg cm−2. A specific capacity of 1176 mAh g−1 is retained after 200 cycles at a strict current density of 2000 mA g−1; the corresponding value for a Si@CMC electrode is only 697 mAh g−1. The 1-CMT electrode has a specific capacity greater than 1600 mAh g−1 even under a current density of 4000 mA g−1. The unique branched chain structure and substantial number of free polarfunctionalgroups explain the outstanding electrochemical properties. Hence, 1-CMT acts as a premium binder in a Si-based anode that can be used to create high-performance batteries.