Polyphenol Powder Research Articles

Synergistic antioxidant and antibacterial activities of polyphenol extracts from mangosteen peels in preservation of Pangasius hypophthalmus fish balls

In recent years, natural preservatives have attracted more and more attention in food processing since they can enhance food shelf-life and safety. In this study, the polyphenol extract was obtained from mangosteen peels using enzyme-microwave assisted method, characterized for its antioxidant and antimicrobial activities and subsequently used as a natural additive in fish ball preservation. Results revealed that the mangosteen peel polyphenol powder (MPP) had a high phenolic content of 154 mg gallic acid equivalent/g dry matter, which led to high 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging capacity of 95 mg Trolox equivalent/g dry matter. MPP also exhibited effective antimicrobial activity against E. coli and S. aureus, expressed by its large inhibitory zones (11.3 and 12.1 mm, respectively) and small ratios (less than 4) of minimum bactericidal concentration over minimum inhibitory concentration against tested bacteria. The MPP supplementation at the levels of 38 mg/100 g and 53 mg/100 g into fish balls remarkably improved their gel strength, reduced lipid oxidation, limited protein oxidation and structural degradation as compared to those of the control without any addition or with synthetic preservatives. Especially, the addition of 53 mg MPP/100 g could sufficiently retard the microorganism growth. The synergistic effects of MPP in both antioxidant and antimicrobial activities hence could extend the shelf-life of fish balls, more than 40 %, as compared to butylated hydroxytoluene (synthetic antioxidant) or sodium benzoate (synthetic antimicrobial) with their single effects. These findings imply that MPP could be potentially used as a natural additive in preservation of fish and meat products.

Effects of 7-day polyphenol powder supplementation on cycling performance and lung function in an ozone-polluted environment

PurposePolluted environments can adversely affect lung function and exercise performance. Evidence suggests that some nutrient supplements may offset pollution’s detrimental effects. This study examined the effect of polyphenol supplementation on lung function and exercise performance in an ozone-polluted environment.MethodsTen male cyclists (mean ± SD: age, 43.8 ± 12.4 years; height, 177.8 ± 7.1 cm; weight, 76.03 ± 7.88 kg; VO2max 4.12 ± 0.72 L min−1) initially completed a baseline maximal incremental test and maximal effort 4 km time trial in ambient air. Thereafter cyclists completed two trials in an ozone-polluted environment (0.25 ppm) following seven days of supplementation with either polyphenol (PB) or placebo (PL). Experimental trials consisted of a three-stage submaximal test (50%, 60% and 70% incremental peak power) followed by a 4 km time trial. Lung function was measured pre- and post-exercise via spirometry and adverse respiratory symptoms with a Likert scale.ResultsOzone exposure significantly reduced (p < 0.05) lung function relative to ambient air. There were no significant differences (p > 0.05) in measured variables across the three submaximal intensities. There was a small (d = 0.31) non-significant difference (p = 0.09) in 4 km performance in PB (406.43 ± 50.29 s) vs. PL (426.20 ± 75.06 s). Oxygen consumption during the time trial was greater in PB (3.49 ± 0.71 L min−1) vs PL (3.32 ± 0.71 L min−1, p = 0.01, d = 0.24). Cough severity (SOC) was lower (p = 0.03) with PB relative to PL.ConclusionPB supplementation may provide small benefits to performance and reduce cough symptoms during high-intensity exercise in ozone-polluted environments.

High-Value Utilization of Polyphenol Aromatic Antimicrobial Agents Extracted from Pineapple Peel Waste

Plant polyphenols’ antibacterial capabilities are just beginning to be applied in the environment. In this study, solvent recovery and concentration techniques were used to achieve zero-waste extraction of pineapple peel polyphenol (PPP) powder on an industrial scale. For environmental sterilization, PPP antibacterial agents (PAAs) were created. Their physicochemical and antibacterial qualities were examined, and technical and financial analysis was done. The results showed that (1) among the major PPP components, protocatechuic acid content was the highest (48.90 mg/L), followed by quercetin dihydrate (17.56 mg/L); (2) PAA sprays passed the tests for physicochemical properties like pH and heat resistance; (3) at the 8 mg/mL concentration, PAA achieved 100% bacterial inhibition below 40 °C; and (4) the production cost of 8 mg/mL PAA spray was only $273.41/t at 100,000 t industrial scale. These findings might offer an application prospect in the development of renewable bacteriocins from fruit and vegetable waste materials.

Alginate and β-lactoglobulin matrix as wall materials for encapsulation of polyphenols to improve efficiency and stability

Abstract The present study aimed at developing novel encapsulate materials of calcium-alginate and β-lactoglobulin complex for polyphenols using the jet-flow nozzle vibration method. Encapsulated microbeads were characterized using SEM, FTIR, DSC, and MSI. The encapsulation efficiency of the microbeads varied depending upon the coating material in the range of 74.17–84.87%. Calcium-alginate-β-lactoglobulin microbeads (CABM) exhibited a smooth surface and uniform shape with an average particle size of 1053.73 nm. CABM also showed better thermal and storage stabilities as compared to calcium alginate microbeads. The CABM resulted in excellent target release of polyphenols (84%) in the intestine, which was more than 3-fold the bio-accessibility offered by free polyphenol powder. Further study on individual phenolic acids after simulated in-vitro digestion (SIVD), photo-oxidative and osmotic stress revealed that CABM significantly retained a higher amount of polyphenols and exhibited improved antioxidant capacity after SIVD environment, and may have high industrial application for nutraceutical production.

Influence of Mango Polyphenol Treatment in Mechanical Properties of Dendrocalamus Asper Bamboo

In this study, the effectiveness of mango polyphenol (MPP) powder in seawater pH 7.4 as a natural treatment on the mechanical properties of unidirectional full culm bamboo (Dendrocalamus asper) was investigated. Our observations are explained through the changes in MPP percentage of 5, 10, and 20 of the raw material upon treatment, where the 10% amount of MPP are dominant in compressive strength with 43.83 MPa at the top part (nodal), 10% amount of MPP in compressive strength with 47.13 MPa at the middle part (non-nodal), and 5% in flexural strength with 43.07 MPa at the top part. The treatment process combining sea-water absorption plus mango polyphenol powder is more effective in improving mechanical properties with MPP variations than using them alone. Finally, materials identified as having favorable effects on full bamboo culm.

Effect of Drying Temperatures and Aids on Polyphenol Content, Antioxidant Activity, and β Glucosidase Enzyme Inhibition Activity of Powder &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Stylissa flexibilis&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;

Sponge <i>Stylissa flexibilis</i> is Porifera belong to a medicine animal group in the Vietnam sea, contains numerous valuable bioactive substances. The study focused on the impact of spray-drying input temperatures (90°C, 100°C, 110°C, and 120°C) and aids (Maltodextrin, saccharose: maltodextrin mixture (1:1, w/w and 1:2, w/w)) on the physical-chemical properties (moisture content, solubility, and polyphenol content), antioxidant activities (mechanism Mo⁶⁺ and Fe³⁺), and inhibition enzyme β Glucosidase of sponge extract powder. The sponge was collected from the sponge in May 2017 in the Ninh Thuan sea. The results showed the polyphenol content, total antioxidant activity, reducing power activity, and β Glucosidase enzyme inhibition activity was affected by the temperature and aids of the drying process and got the highest value of 77.692 ± 2.025 mg phloroglucinol equivalent/100g DW, 98.526 ± 1.997 mg ascorbic acid equivalent/100g DW, 28.945 ± 0.754 mg FeSO₄ equivalent/100g DW, and 75.38 ± 2.516/100 μg/ml was at 90°C, respectively, compared to the others. The moisture of powder was a negative-correlation to the increase of drying temperature. All the powder dissolved fully in the water. Polyphenol content and bioactivities (antioxidant activity, β Glucosidase enzyme inhibition activity) was a strong correlation with each other (R²>0.8) and a positive-correlation to drying temperature. The suitable condition for drying of active polyphenol powder was at 90°C and 10% of maltodextrin. Active polyphenol powder can be useful for applicating into functional foods and pharmaceutics.

Lipid oxidation inhibition capacity of plant extracts and powders in a processed meat model system

A meat model system was used for screening lipid oxidation inhibiting capacity of diverse horticultural plant materials. In the model, heme-containing sarcoplasmic proteins from the meat water-phase were homogenized with linoleic acid and thiobarbituric reactive substances (TBARS) were measured. 23 Plant materials were investigated at three high (50, 100, and 200 ppm) concentrations and five plant extracts were tested at three low (5, 10, and 20 ppm) concentrations over time. In the high concentration sets, summer savory freeze-dried powder, beetroot leaves extracted with 50% ethanol, and an olive polyphenol powder extracted from wastewater, inhibited oxidation the most effectively. After two weeks and at 200 ppm concentration, oxidation was reduced to 17.2%, 16.6% and 13.5% of the blank sample with no added antioxidants respectively. In the low concentration set, spray dried rhubarb juice inhibited oxidation the most after two weeks at 5 ppm where oxidation was reduced to 68.3% of the blank sample with no added antioxidants.

Dr. PI POLYPHENOL CONTENT, PHYTOCHEMISTRY COMPOSITIONS AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF DIFFERENT EXTRACTS FROM MARINE SPONGE AAPTOS SUBERITOIDES GROWN IN NHATRANG BAY, VIETNAM

Objective: To investigate the content and antioxidant activities of polyphenol, the correlation between polyphenol content and their antioxidant activities, and phytochemistry compositions of different extracts from marine sponge Aaptos suberitoides commonly found growing in Nhatrang bay, Vietnam orienting application into functional food and pharmacy.&#x0D; Methods: Evaluating the toxicity of antioxidant polyphenol powder preparing from the initial concentrated extract was by the adjusted Behrens Karber method and a correlation between polyphenol content and antioxidant activities basing on the Pearson coefficient in Excel. Separating antioxidant polyphenol content was base on solvents polarization of n-hexane, chloroform, ethanol, ethyl acetate and n-butanol which the quantification of polyphenol content and antioxidant activities, and preliminary phytochemical compositions qualitative.&#x0D; Results: Antioxidant polyphenol powder did not affect mice weight during the assay time of 28 d. Polyphenol content and antioxidant activities got the highest value at chloroform extract in comparison to other extracts, a significant difference (p&lt;0.05) and strong correlation (R2&gt;0.9). Polyphenol content (122.682 mg gallic acid equivalent ml-1), total antioxidant activity (368.183 mg ascorbic acid equivalent ml-1), reducing power activity (24.08 mg FeSO4 equivalent ml-1) and DPPH scavenging (72.48±1.54 %) were the highest values. Alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, tannins and triterpenoids existed in initial methanol extract. Weakly polarized polyphenol content was 70.27% in comparison to initial methanol extract.&#x0D; Conclusion: Antioxidant polyphenol of sponge Aaptos suberitoides has the potential for application into the field of functional food and pharmaceuticals.

Enhancement of Antioxidant Mechanisms and Reduction of Oxidative Stress in Chickens after the Administration of Drinking Water Enriched with Polyphenolic Powder from Olive Mill Waste Waters

The aim of the study was to examine the effects of a polyphenolic powder from olive mill wastewater (OMWW) administered through drinking water, on chickens' redox status. Thus, 75 chickens were divided into three groups. Group A was given just drinking water, while groups B and C were given drinking water containing 20 and 50 μg/ml of polyphenols, respectively, for 45 days. The antioxidant effects of the polyphenolic powder were assessed by measuring oxidative stress biomarkers in blood after 25 and 45 days of treatment. These markers were total antioxidant capacity (TAC), protein carbonyls (CARB), thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS) and superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) in plasma, and glutathione (GSH) and catalase activity in erythrocytes. The results showed that CARB and TBARS were decreased significantly in groups B and C, and SOD decreased in group B compared to that in group A. TAC was increased significantly in group C and GSH was increased in group B, while catalase activity was increased in groups B and C compared to that in group A. In conclusion, this is the first study showing that supplementation of chickens with polyphenols from OMWW through drinking water enhanced their antioxidant mechanisms and reduced oxidative stress-induced damage.

Effect of Maturation Degree of Areca Nut and Binder Treatment to The Physicochemical Properties and Citotoxicity of Spray-Dried Areca Nut (Areca catechu L) Extracted Powder

Areca nut ( Areca catechu L) is a rich polyphenol source which is potential health-benefit. Polyphenol could extract from the sources and then converted to solid powder by spray drying. Polyphenol powder is easy to use and to introduce it into food (materials). The objective of this study was to determine the effect of maturation degree of areca nut (unripe, ripe) and binder treatment (without a binder, arabic gum 2% w/v ) on the physicochemical properties and citotoxicity of spray-dried areca nut extracted powder. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD). Data were analysed statistically used an analysis of variance. Analysis of the results exhibited unripe areca nut produced powder with higher in yield, moisture content and total phenolic content but had no significant effect on pH and lower in bulk density and solubility than ripe areca nut. Arabic gum treatment produced powders with higher in yield, and solubility, but had no significant effect on moisture content and lower in bulk density, pH and total phenolic content than the treatment without binder. The areca nut extracted powders from all combination of treatments exhibited high cytotoxic activity against brine shrimp larvae with LC50 less than 1000 ppm, excepted the powders from ripe areca nut with arabic gum.

Thermal performance of cellulose acetate/tea polyphenol nanofibers

In this paper, the cellulose acetate/tea polyphenol nanofibers are manufactured by electrostatic spinning technique. The surface morphology and thermal property of obtained nanofibers are characterized via scanning electron microscope, thermal gravity analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry. Different concentrations of cellulose acetate/dimethyl formamide solutions are prepared before sonicated tea polyphenol powder was added. The diameter of cellulose acetate/tea polyphenol nanofibers increases with the increase of the cellulose acetate component.

Isolation and structural determination of two novel phlorotannins from the brown alga Ecklonia kurome Okamura, and their radical scavenging activities.

Two novel phlorotannins with a molecular weight of 974, temporarily named 974-A and 974-B, were isolated from the polyphenol powder prepared from the edible marine brown alga Ecklonia kurome Okamura, and their chemical structures were determined by spectroscopic method. The isolated yield of the total of 974-A and 974-B was approximately 4% (w/w) from the polyphenol powder. In 974-A, the carbon at the C2′ position in the A ring of phlorofucofuroeckol-A forms a C–C bond with the carbon at the C2″ position of the C ring of triphloretol-B, while in 974-B, phlorofucofuroeckol-B and triphloretol-B form a C–C bond in the same manner as in 974-A. These structures were supported by high resolution-MS/MS data. To evaluate the antioxidant activities, the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay and intracellular radical scavenging assay, using 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFH-DA), were performed for 974-A, 974-B, and four known phlorotannins. The results of the DPPH assay showed that the IC50 values of 974-A, 974-B, phlorofucofuroeckol-A, and dieckol were significantly smaller than those of phlorofucofuroeckol-B, phloroglucinol, α-tocopherol, and ascorbic acid. Furthermore, the DCFH-DA assay suggested that 974-A, 974-B, and dieckol reduce intracellular reactive oxygen species most strongly among the tested compounds.

Grape Polyphenols Reduce Blood Pressure and Increase Flow-Mediated Vasodilation in Men with Metabolic Syndrome

AbstractWe evaluated the effects of grape polyphenols in individuals classified with metabolic syndrome (MetS). Men (n = 24)aged 30–70 y were randomly assigned to consume either a freeze-dried grape polyphenol powder (GRAPE) or a placebo for 30 d in a double-blind, crossover design, separated by a 3-wk washout period. Participants were asked to maintain their usual diet and physical activity during the study and abstain from consuming polyphenol-rich foods. MetS criteria including blood pressure (BP) and markers of vascular endothelial function including brachial artery flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD), plasma total nitrite + nitrate (NOx) to estimate NO production, plasma soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1) were measured at the end of each dietary period.Systolic BP (P < 0.0025) and plasma sICAM-1 concentrations (P < 0.025) were lower, whereas the FMD response was higher (P < 0.0001), during the GRAPE compared with the placebo period. In addition, changes in sVCAM-1 concentrations between periods were positively correlated with changes in systolic BP (r = 0.45; P < 0.05). Although NOx concentrations did not differ between periods, changes in systolic BP were negatively correlated with changes in NOx concentrations (r =–0.44; P < 0.05), indicating the vasodilating properties of NO. Other MetS variables did not differ between the GRAPE and placebo periods. These results suggest that GRAPE polyphenols may potentiate vasorelaxation and reduce BP and circulating cell adhesion molecules, resulting in improvements in vascular function.

Grape polyphenols improve blood pressure and vascular function in men with metabolic syndrome

Men (n=24, 30–70y) with metabolic syndrome (MetS) were randomly allocated to consume either a freeze‐dried grape polyphenol powder (GRAPE) or a placebo for 30 days in a double blind manner. After a 3‐wk washout, they were allocated to the alternate treatment. Participants maintained their usual diet and physical activity during the study and abstained from consuming polyphenol‐rich foods. MetS parameters and markers of vascular endothelial function [flow‐mediated vasodilation (FMD) of the brachial artery, plasma total nitric oxide (NOx), plasma soluble intercellular adhesive molecule‐1 (sICAM‐1) and vascular cell adhesive molecule‐1 (sVCAM‐1) were measured]. There was a significant (p= 0.002) decrease in systolic blood pressure (BP), greater FMD response (p= 0.000), and reductions in circulating sICAM‐1 concentrations (p= 0.017) during the GRAPE compared to the placebo period. In addition changes in sICAM‐1 concentrations between periods were negatively correlated with absolute FDM changes (r = −0.479, P &lt; 0.025). Although NOx concentrations were not different between periods, changes in systolic BP were negatively correlated (r = −0.437, p &lt; 0.05) with changes in NOx concentrations indicating the vasodilating properties of NOx. These results suggest that GRAPE polyphenols may potentiate vasorelaxation and reduce circulating adhesive molecules, as well as reduce BP and improve vascular dysfunctionGrant Funding Source : California Table Grape Commission

The Increase in Flow‐Mediated Vasodilation Induced by Grape Polyphenols is Positively Correlated with Increased Expression of Inducible Nitric Oxide (iNOS)

Twenty four men (30–70 y) with metabolic syndrome (MetS) participated in a double blind study and were randomly allocated to either a freeze‐dried grape polyphenol powder (GRAPE) or a placebo for 30 d. After a 3‐wk washout, they followed the alternate treatment. Participants abstained from consuming polyphenol‐rich foods. Flow‐mediated vasodilation (FMD), Inflammatory markers tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐a, interleukin 6 (IL‐6), IL‐8, and the anti‐inflammatory IL‐10 were measured in plasma as well as 8‐ isoprostanes in urine. Additionally, mRNA expression of IL‐6, IL‐ 1b, IL‐10, the antioxidant enzymes (SOD1&amp;2, GPx1&amp;4), the endothelial (eNOS) and inducible (iNOS) isoforms of nitric oxide synthase, and NADPH oxidase (NOX2) were measured in peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated at both periods. FDM was increased during the GRAPE period (p&lt;0.0001) while inflammatory or antioxidant markers were not different (p&gt;0.05) between periods. However, iNOS expression changes were correlated with changes in absolute (mm) FMD response (r=0.514, p&lt; 0.025) and with changes in SOD2 expression (r=0.642, p&lt;0.01). These results suggest that the beneficial effects of GRAPE on FMD are positively associated with NO production in men with MetS. However, 4 wk of GRAPE supplementation were not enough to detect changes in anti‐inflammatory or anti‐oxidant gene expression [Supported by The California Table Commission]

Physical and Antibacterial Properties of Edible Films Formulated with Apple Skin Polyphenols

Fruit and vegetable skins have polyphenolic compounds, terpenes, and phenols with antimicrobial and antioxidant activity. These flavoring plant essential oil components are generally regarded as safe. Edible films made from fruits or vegetables containing apple skin polyphenols have the potential to be used commercially to protect food against contamination by pathogenic bacteria. The main objective of this study was to evaluate physical properties as well as antimicrobial activities against Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Salmonella enterica of apple skin polyphenols at 0% to 10% (w/w) concentrations in apple puree film-forming solutions formulated into edible films. Commercial apple skin polyphenol powder had a water activity of 0.44 and high total soluble phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity (995.3 mg chlorogenic acid/100 g and 14.4 mg Trolox/g, respectively). Antimicrobial activities of edible film containing apple skin polyphenols were determined by the overlay method. Apple edible film with apple skin polyphenols was highly effective against L. monocytogenes. The minimum concentration need to inactive L. monocytogenes was 1.5%. However, apple skin polyphenols did not show any antimicrobial effect against E. coli O157:H7 and S. enterica even at 10% level. The presence of apple skin polyphenols reduced water vapor permeability of films. Apple skin polyphenols increased elongation of films and darkened the color of films. The results of the present study show that apple skin polyphenols can be used to prepare apple-based antimicrobial edible films with good physical properties for food applications by direct contact.

Pomegranate Juice and Extracts Provide Similar Levels of Plasma and Urinary Ellagitannin Metabolites in Human Subjects

Pomegranate juice (PJ), a rich source of polyphenols including ellagitannins, has attracted much attention due to its reported health benefits. This has resulted in the consumption of liquid and powder pomegranate extracts as alternatives to PJ. Therefore establishing the bioavailability of polyphenols from these extract preparations is necessary. Sixteen healthy volunteers sequentially consumed, with a 1-week washout period between treatments, PJ (8 ounces, Wonderful fruit variety), a pomegranate polyphenol liquid extract (POMxl, 8 ounces), and a pomegranate polyphenol powder extract (POMxp, 1,000 mg). The three interventions provided 857, 776, and 755 mg of polyphenols as gallic acid equivalents, respectively. Plasma bioavailability, judged based on ellagic acid levels over a 6-hour period, did not show statistical differences in area under the curve for the three interventions: 0.14 +/- 0.05, 0.11 +/- 0.03, and 0.11 +/- 0.04 micromol . hour/L for PJ, POMxl, and POMxp, respectively. The time of maximum concentration was delayed for POMxp (2.58 +/- 0.42 hours) compared to PJ (0.65 +/- 0.23 hours) and POMxl (0.94 +/- 0.06 hours). Urolithin-A glucuronide, a urinary metabolite of ellagic acid, was not significantly different with the three interventions, reaching levels of approximately 1,000 ng/mL. This study demonstrates that ellagitannin metabolites, delivered from pomegranate fruits, as PJ, POMxl, and POMxp, reach equivalent levels with a delay in time of maximum concentration of POMxp compared to PJ and POMxl.