Polymeric Nanoparticles Research Articles

Formulation development, characterization, and evaluation of sorafenib-loaded PLGA-chitosan nanoparticles.

The basic purpose of this work was to develop environmentally friendly, biodegradable, and biocompatible polymeric nanoparticles of sorafenib that can effectively release the desired drug in a customized and controlled manner for targeting hepatocellular carcinoma. The solvent evaporation technique was employed for the synthesis of sorafenib-loaded PLGA-chitosan nanoparticles, followed by various experimental specifications and compatibility studies using poloxamer 407 as the stabilizer. The best nanoparticles thus synthesized were selected to be used for cytotoxicity investigations through in vitro and in vivo assessments. For the in vitro drug release tests, the dialysis bag diffusion technique was used. For both chitosan nanoparticles and PLGA loaded with sorafenib, a biphasic release pattern was found, exhibiting a protracted release lasting 10 days after a 24-h burst release. As experimental animals, rabbits were utilized to evaluate different in vivo pharmacokinetic properties of the selected formulations. Plasma samples were extracted with acetonitrile and analyzed through the developed HPLC method. Pharmacokinetic parameters such as AUC0-t, Cmax MRT, Vd, and half-life (t1/2) were enhanced significantly (p ≤ 0.001), while clearance was considerably decreased (p ≤ 0.001) for the chosen synthesized nanoparticles in contrast to the commercially accessible sorafenib formulation (Nexavar®). The cytotoxicity of the reference drug and sorafenib-loaded PLGA and chitosan nanoparticles was calculated by performing an MTT assay against HepG2 cell lines. The developed polymeric sorafenib nanoformulations possess the appropriate physicochemical properties, better targeting, surface morphology, and prolonged release kinetics. The pharmacokinetic parameters were improved significantly when the results were compared with commercially available sorafenib formulations.

Direct Synthesis of Artificial Esterase through Molecular Imprinting Using a Substrate-Mimicking Acylthiourea Template.

Most reported artificial esterases hydrolyze only activated esters. We here report a one-pot synthesis of artificial esterases via molecular imprinting. An acylthiourea template hydrogen bonds with 4-vinylbenzoic acid and coordinates to a polymerizable zinc complex inside a cross-linkable surfactant micelle. Double cross-linking of the micelle yields a polymeric nanoparticle catalyst that mimics a metalloenzyme to activate a water molecule for nucleophilic attack on the bound ester. The catalyst hydrolyzes both activated and unactivated esters under mild conditions with selectivity.

Nanocarriers for Controlled Drug Delivery A convergence of Polymer and Nanochemistry

Regarding improving the quality of health care strategies and other fields based on nanoscale technology, nanotechnology has been recognized as the most prevalent and commercially invented technology. In the near future, the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries are likely to undergo significant changes due to the widespread adoption of nanoscale technology in drug delivery systems, that uses the polymeric nanoparticles that Polymeric nanoparticles have been extensively studied as particulate carriers in the pharmaceutical and medical fields, because they show promise as drug delivery systems as a result of their controlled- and sustained-release properties, subcellular size, and biocompatibility with tissue and cells. Several methods used for preparation of polymeric nanoparticles and after preparation of them they are most important particles that used in encapsulation of drugs such as PLGA, PLA, chitosan are used as encapsulation of anticancer drugs and antihormonal and antimalarial drugs and increase their release rates and also, they are used in field of dentistry and oral systems that are used in some diseases that cause infections, the use of polymeric nanoparticles with antibacterial drugs lead to decrease the infections . To achieve efficient drug delivery, it is important to understand the interactions of nanomaterials with the biological environment, targeting cell-surface receptors, drug release, multiple drug administration, stability of therapeutic agents and molecular mechanisms of cell signaling involved in pathobiology of the disease under consideration.

Emerging Nanoparticle-Based Herbal Drug Delivery Systems for Colon Targeting Therapy

Abstract: Herbal medications hold a dominant position in the pharmaceutical sector due to their well-established therapeutic effects and extremely low negative effects. Besides, herbal remedies are easily available and highly economical. However, to circumvent the issue of poor bioavailability, the combinatorial strategy of incorporating herbal medicines and nano-technology is useful. The phytoconstituents molded in novel nanocarriers such as polymeric nanoparticles, polymeric micelles, liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carriers, nanoemulsions, gold nanoparticles, etc., have been extensively investigated as they are the most promising approach for colon-targeting drug delivery systems. Although plant-based medicines have been developed for decades, there is enormous research interest in the development of an effective plant-derived delivery system for the incorporation of phytocon-stituents into various nanomaterials to overcome potential challenges related to solubility, bioavailability, and stability issues. The encapsulation of phytoconstituents in a novel nanocarrier is a promising approach to improving the bioavailability, stability, and therapeutic efficacy of herbal medicines. The herbal nanomedicines are used as a promising tool for tar-geted delivery to the colon, with potentially effective outcomes for the treatment of colonic diseases, viz., ulcerative colitis, diverticulitis, Crohn's disease, shigellosis, constipation, co-lonic polyps, colon cancer, etc. This article presents a comprehensive survey of recent find-ings and patents by innovators working exclusively on nanoparticles for the delivery of phy-tomedicines for colon targeting.

Nonlinear amplification of nano bowl surface concavity on the critical response threshold to biosignals

Polymer nanoparticles that can sharply sense and detect biological signals in cells are promising candidates for biomedical and theranostic nanomaterials. However, the response ability of current polymer assemblies poorly matches the requirement of trace concentration level (10−6 ~ 10−9 mol/L) of cellular biosignals due to their linear signal input-to-function output mode, which impedes their practical applications in vivo. Here we report a kind of nanobowl system with pH-tunable invaginated morphology that can nonlinearly amplify the response abilities toward biosignals by modulating the surface concavity. Compared to conventional spherical nanoparticles, nonspherical nanobowls with a specific concave structure reduce the critical response threshold of polymers by up to 5 orders of magnitude, from millimole to nanomole level, covering most of biosignal concentration windows. Moreover, we find that this nonlinear signal gain effect is originated from the collective impact of a single signal on transitioning the polymer chain aggregation state of individual assemblies, rather than just altering a certain unit or chain. This nonlinear signal-to-response mechanism is potential to solve the tricky problems of probing and sensing endogenous signals with trace physiological concentration.

Chitosan–sodium Tripolyphosphate–CuO Biopolymer–nanocomposite as an Efficient Electrocatalyst for Water Splitting

Background: Fossil fuels have been used extensively as primary energy sources, which has resulted in nearly depleted reserves, a contaminated environment, and a variety of negative health effects globally. Hydrogen has been proposed by researchers as an effective “carbon neutral” fuel. Large-scale hydrogen production through electrochemical water splitting necessitates the use of inexpensive, extremely effective, and earth-abundant electrocatalysts. Method: In this study, chitosan–sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) nanoparticles are combined with CuO nanostructures to produce chitosan–TPP–CuO (CT/CuO) nanocomposite. Chitosan–TPP nanoparticles were first synthesized using the ionic gelation method. These nanoparticles were then extracted, and CuO was synthesized in situ in polymer nanoparticles using a simple chemical precipitation method. Chitosan and CuO are abundantly available and are environmentally beneficial materials. The porous structure and open channels within the chitosan polymer matrix host the CuO nanostructures, which promote electrolyte penetration, mass transport, and charge transfer, while the metal-oxide nanostructures act as catalytic centers. The structural and morphological properties of the CT/CuO nanocomposite were investigated using XRD, HRSEM, and HRTEM. The band gap and functional groups in the material were measured by UV–Vis DRS and FTIR methods, respectively. Elemental analysis was conducted utilizing EDS, HRSEM, and XPS. Thermal characteristics of the CT/CuO nanocomposite were investigated using TG-DTA and DSC methods. Electrochemical techniques were used to investigate the activities of HER and OER. Results: The XRD examination of the CT/CuO nanocomposite revealed semi-crystalline chitosan peaks and a monoclinic CuO structure. HRSEM and HRTEM pictures indicated that chitosan–TPP nanoparticles and CuO nanostructures were evenly spread and clustered to create a nanoparticulate matrix. UV–Vis DRS indicated that the CT/CuO nanocomposite had a direct band gap of 1.702 eV. The FTIR and XPS studies revealed the various bonds and oxidation states of the nanocomposite. Thermal analyses demonstrated that the inclusion of CuO increased the thermal stability of the CT/CuO nanocomposite. CT/CuO nanocomposite exhibited excellent OER and HER activity, requiring a low overpotential of 444 mV and 379 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and -10 mA cm−2, respectively. Conclusion: Biopolymer metal-oxide nanocomposites could potentially be used as electrocatalysts in water splitting, energy conversion, storage devices, sensors, and several other fields.

Synthesis of polymeric nanoparticles with different functionalities to produce new biocatalysts

AbstractThis study aimed to synthesize functionalized nanosupports via emulsion polymerization to develop new promising nanobiocatalyts via enzyme immobilizations. The co‐monomers methyl methacrylate, divinylbenzene and the epoxy monomer glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) were used. The performance of the nanobiocatlysts was evaluated in hydrolysis and esterification reactions after the immobilization of lipase B from Candida antarctica (CAL B). Firstly, the nanosupports functionalized in situ with 25% and 50% w/w of GMA were successfully synthesized. In esterification reactions, the nanobiocatalysts containing 25% (w/w) of GMA were more active, achieving 254 U.g−1, or an enzyme activity per area of 2.8 U.m−2; such value was higher than the one obtained when the commercial matrix Octadecyl Sepabeads was used (328 U.g−1, 2.4 U.m−2). Such results point out that there is an optimum concentration of GMA epoxide groups that should be incorporated into the supports. The greater enzymatic activity obtained for 25% of GMA nanobiocatalyst was achieved not only because of their textural properties, but also due to a favorable interaction between the epoxide groups and CAL B. These results highlight the potential use of the heterofunctional matrices for the synthesis of new market‐competitive biocatalysts.

Core-Shell Confined Stable Polymer Nanoparticles with Tunable Clusteroluminescence.

Clusteroluminescent polymers have the most potential to be used in light conversion agricultural films due to tunable emission wavelength and large-scale production, but they are still limited by shortcomings such as poor stability and sensitivity to melting processes. In this work, we propose a core-shell confined stable clusteroluminescent polymeric nanoparticle strategy with adjustable shell thickness. By the employment of a combination of solvent and heat treatment methods, the structures, rigid-flexible properties, and aggregation states of the core polymer chains have been modified. The presence of cross-linked shells has significantly enhanced the stability of the clusteroluminescent nanoparticles, ensuring that they retain their structure form even after undergoing high temperature and shear. Finally, the stable agricultural light conversion films with tunable clusteroluminescence are obtained via melt blending of the core-shell confined nanoparticles and polyethylene (PE). Due to the shell confinement effect, when melt-blended, the shell can protect the clusteroluminescent polymer within the core from the effects of high temperature and shear. It is anticipated that the completion of this work will provide a significant foundation for the large-scale application of cluster-luminescent polymers in agriculture.

Novel Delivery Systems of Raloxifene Hydrochloride for Improved Bioavailability and Therapeutic Efficacy: A Review

Raloxifene hydrochloride belongs to the selective estrogen receptor modulator category. Initially, US FDA approved its use for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Later, raloxifene hydrochloride was also approved for the prevention of invasive breast carcinoma in post-menopausal women under the high-risk category. Despite its immense and diverse therapeutic potential, the oral bioavailability of raloxifene hydrochloride is only ~ 2%. The factors responsible for the poor bioavailability of raloxifene hydrochloride include its amphiphobic nature, para-glycoprotein pump-mediated efflux in the intestine, and high pre-systemic glucuronidation. In the past two decades, multiple novel delivery systems, viz. lipid-based nanocarriers, polymeric nanoparticles, polymer-lipid hybrid nanoparticles, micelles, and mixed micelles, have been developed to overcome its drawbacks. Moreover, inclusion complex, phospholipid complex, and solid dispersion have also been developed to improve its solubility and dissolution rate. Further, some research groups successfully explored non-peroral routes like nasal and transdermal for augmenting the raloxifene hydrochloride bioavailability and its therapeutic efficacy. Hence, the principal objective of this review paper is to critically analyze all the delivery systems developed for raloxifene hydrochloride with their advantages and limitations. In addition, a detailed discussion of the physicochemical and pharmacokinetic parameters of raloxifene hydrochloride has been included in this paper. An in-depth understanding of these parameters will assist formulation scientists in developing efficient delivery systems in the future. In conclusion, the literature review revealed that the nanoparticulate systems successfully augmented the raloxifene hydrochloride bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy in pre-clinical experiments. However, future clinical trials should be conducted to assess their safety and therapeutic efficacy for rapid preclinical to clinical translation.

Stable Polymer-Lipid Hybrid Nanoparticles Based on mcl-Polyhydroxyalkanoate and Cationic Liposomes for mRNA Delivery.

Background/Objectives: The development of polymer-lipid hybrid nanoparticles (PLNs) is a promising area of research, as it can help increase the stability of cationic lipid carriers. Hybrid PLNs are core-shell nanoparticle structures that combine the advantages of both polymer nanoparticles and liposomes, especially in terms of their physical stability and biocompatibility. Natural polymers such as polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) can be used as a matrix for the PLNs' preparation. Methods: In this study, we first obtained stable cationic hybrid PLNs using a cationic liposome (CL) composed of a polycationic lipid 2X3 (1,26-bis(cholest-5-en-3β-yloxycarbonylamino)-7,11,16,20-tetraazahexacosane tetrahydrochloride), helper lipid DOPE (1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine), and the hydrophobic polymer mcl-PHA, which was produced by the soil bacterium Pseudomonas helmantisensis P1. Results: The new polymer-lipid carriers effectively encapsulated and delivered model mRNA-eGFP (enhanced green fluorescent protein mRNA) to BHK-21 cells. We then evaluated the role of mcl-PHA in increasing the stability of cationic PLNs in ionic solutions using dynamic light scattering data, electrophoretic mobility, and transmission electron microscopy techniques. Conclusions: The results showed that increasing the concentration of PBS (phosphate buffered saline) led to a decrease in the stability of the CLs. At high concentrations of PBS, the CLs aggregate. In contrast, the presence of isotonic PBS did not result in the aggregation of PLNs, and the particles remained stable for 120 h when stored at +4 °C. The obtained results show that PLNs hold promise for further in vivo studies on nucleic acid delivery.

Breast Cancer Bone Metastasis Therapy and Tumor‐Associated Bone Destruction Repair by Versatile Semiconducting Nanointegrators with X‐Ray Adjuvant

AbstractTumor progress and tumor‐associated osteolysis are two key issues of breast cancer bone metastasis, which makes it challenging for bone metastasis treatment. To settle these two issues concurrently, a versatile semiconducting nanointegrator (termed as SPNCpG/Ca) containing semiconducting polymer nanoparticle (SPN), Ca2+ and cytosine‐phosphate‐guanine (CpG) oligonucleotides conjugated on the surface via a singlet oxygen (1O2)‐responsive linker, is designed. The antitumor effect can be triggered with X‐ray irradiation as an adjuvant, in which SPN works as a radiosensitizer to produce 1O2 for radiotherapy and controlled release of CpG via disrupting 1O2‐responsive linkers. The Ca2+ accumulation via SPNCpG/Ca delivering causes tumor cell death and the released CpG activates immune response to realize immunotherapy. The combinational action of radiotherapy, Ca2+ overloading, and immunotherapy results in complete clearance of metastatic tumor cells in 4T1 breast cancer‐based bone metastasis mouse models. Furthermore, Ca2+ can accelerate osteogenesis of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells while CpG inhibits osteoclast differentiation in the bone metastasis microenvironment to alleviate osteolysis, which synergistically contributes to repair of tumor‐associated bone destruction. SPNCpG/Ca represents a versatile therapeutic nanosystem with the abilities to treat bone metastasis and repair tumor‐associated bone destruction, providing a new tactic for bone metastasis therapy.

Nanomaterials Marvels: Transformative Advancements in Biomedicine, Drug Delivery, and Pharmaceutical Analysis

Nanoparticles are solid colloidal particles ranging in size from 10 to 1000 nm having high surface area-to-volume ratio which allows them for efficient interaction with biological systems. Nanoparticles offer many benefits in comparison to larger particles such as increased surface-to-volume ratio and increased magnetic properties. Nanomaterials hold the potential to revolutionize in critical domains like Biomedicine, Drug Delivery, and Pharmaceutical Analysis. These particles can be functionalized with specific molecules to target diseased cells or tissues, enhancing the efficacy of drugs while minimizing side effects. For instance, gold nanoparticles conjugated with antibodies can be used for targeted cancer therapy, delivering therapeutic agents directly to tumor cells. Similarly drugs encapsulated within nanoparticles can be protected from premature degradation and released in a controlled manner at the target site improving their drug solubility, and enhance cellular uptake, leading to better therapeutic effect in treatment strategies. Polymeric nanoparticles, liposomes, and micelles are some examples of commonly used nanocarriers for drug delivery. Nanomaterials are finding increasing applications in pharmaceutical analysis and can be employed as highly sensitive detection probes for drugs, metabolites, and biomarkers. Additionally, nanomaterials can be used for the separation and purification of bio molecules, facilitating accurate and efficient analysis. This review explores different types of nano materials used exploring their new advances and applications in biomedicine, drug delivery, and pharmaceutical analysis. As research continues to overcome current challenges, nanomaterials unique properties hold immense promise for revolutionizing healthcare and improving patient outcomes.

In Vitro Mucoadhesive Features of Gliadin Nanoparticles Containing Thiamine Hydrochloride.

Gliadins have aroused significant interest in the last decade as suitable biomaterials for food and pharmaceutical applications. In particular, the oral route is the preferred method of administration for gliadin-based formulations, due to the affinity of this biomaterial for the gut mucosa. However, up to now, this has been demonstrated only by means of in vivo or ex vivo studies. This is why, in this study, various in vitro techniques were employed in order to evaluate the ability of polymeric nanoparticles, made up of a commercial grade of the protein and an etheric surfactant, to interact with porcine gastric mucin. The nanosystems were also used for the encapsulation of thiamine hydrochloride, used as a model of a micronutrient. The resulting systems were characterized by a mean diameter of ~160-170 nm, a narrow size distribution when 0.2-0.6 mg/mL of thiamine was used, and an encapsulation efficiency between 30 and 45% of the drug initially employed. The incubation of the gliadin nanosystems with various concentrations of porcine gastric mucin evidenced the ability of the carriers to interact with the mucus glycoprotein, showing a decreased Zeta potential after a 4 h incubation (from ~-30 to -40 mV), while demonstrating that the encapsulation of the drug did not affect its bioadhesive features. Altogether, these data support the conceivable application of gliadin nanoparticles as formulations for the oral administration of bioactive compounds.

Poly(β-amino ester) polymer library with monomer variation for mRNA delivery

Non-viral vectors for mRNA delivery primarily include lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) and polymers. While LNPs are known for their high mRNA delivery efficiency, they can induce excessive immune responses and cause off-target effects, potentially leading to side effects. In this study, we aimed to explore polymer-based mRNA delivery systems as a viable alternative to LNPs, focusing on their mRNA delivery efficiency and potential application in mRNA vaccines. We created a library of poly(β-amino ester) (PBAE) polymers by combining various amine monomers and acrylate monomers. Through screening this polymer library, we identified specific polymer nanoparticles (PNPs) that demonstrated high mRNA expression efficiency, with sustained mRNA expression for up to two weeks. Furthermore, the PNPs showed mRNA expression only at the injection site and did not exhibit liver toxicity. Additionally, when assessing immune activation, the PNPs significantly induced T-cell immune activation and were effective in the plaque reduction neutralization test. These results suggest that polymer-based mRNA delivery systems not only hold potential for use in mRNA vaccines but also show promise for therapeutic applications.

Therapeutic Efficacy of Nanocarrier‐Mediated Inhalable Gene Transfection for Lung Cancer

AbstractLung cancer is now the leading cause of cancer‐related mortality, eclipsing all other cancer forms, and of all lung malignancies, non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) makes up around 85%. Recently, the use of vectors in gene therapy besides chemotherapy to treat malignancies brought on by gene mutations has gained prominence. Therapeutic molecule inhalation is a direct approach to lung‐targeted medication delivery with low nonspecific toxicity and limited drug exposure. Treatment for lung cancer with chemotherapy and immunotherapy can be aided by inhalable nanomedicine through advanced mechanisms. Viral and nonviral vectors, such as lipid‐based nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles, and inorganic nanoparticles, have all drawn a lot of interest for their ability to increase effects and decrease side effects. Nanocarriers have a significant impact on targeted gene delivery, bioavailability, stability, and residence in target areas. The inhaled pulmonary gene delivery approach, when combined with nanomedicine, will offer a noninvasive and successful way to treat lung cancer by taking use of the physiological properties of the lung. The authors have majorly used data from PubMed and Google Scholar to obtain the relevant information required for the article. In general, this review concentrates on the usage of various inhalable nanocarriers, which might serve as an inspiration for the creation and deployment of more potent genetic therapy for the treatment of lung cancer.

Synthesis, Characterization and Targeted Drug Delivery of Curcumin-Loaded PLGA Nanoparticles

Background: Nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems have revolutionized therapeutic delivery, offering advantages such as enhanced bioavailability, controlled release, and targeted delivery to diseased tissues. Among these, polymeric nanoparticles, especially those utilizing poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), have shown significant potential due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and stability. Curcumin, a polyphenolic compound with potent anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties, faces clinical limitations due to poor solubility and low bioavailability. Encapsulation in PLGA nanoparticles could enhance curcumin’s therapeutic efficacy by improving stability, controlled release, and targeted delivery. Methods: Curcumin-loaded PLGA nanoparticles were synthesized using a solvent evaporation method. Nanoparticles were characterized using dynamic light scattering (DLS) for size and zeta potential, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for morphology. In vitro drug release was assessed using a dialysis method, while cytotoxicity and anti-inflammatory activity were evaluated using MTT and nitric oxide inhibition assays, respectively. Results: DLS analysis revealed an average particle size of 150 ± 10 nm and a zeta potential of -25 ± 2 mV, indicating stability and suitability for therapeutic applications. SEM imaging showed smooth, spherical nanoparticles. Drug release studies displayed a biphasic pattern, with an initial burst followed by sustained release over 72 hours. Cytotoxicity assays demonstrated enhanced anticancer activity of curcumin-loaded nanoparticles compared to free curcumin, with a significantly lower IC50 value (5 ± 0.5 µM versus 15 ± 1.0 µM). Anti-inflammatory studies showed a 60% inhibition of nitric oxide production in LPS-induced macrophages, indicating improved anti-inflammatory efficacy over free curcumin. Conclusion: Curcumin-loaded PLGA nanoparticles show promise as a targeted drug delivery system, with enhanced stability, controlled release, and increased therapeutic efficacy. These findings support further in vivo studies to validate the clinical potential of curcumin nanoparticles in cancer and inflammatory diseases, providing a foundation for advanced therapeutic applications.

Development of erythromycin loaded PLGA nanoparticles for improved drug efficacy and sustained release against bacterial infections and biofilm formation

Bacterial infections are a common cause of sepsis, often leading to high patient mortality. Such infections are challenging to treat due to bacterial resistance to many existing drugs. Erythromycin (Ery) is a macrolide antibiotic used against bacterial infections with reported resistance. Recently, synthetic poly-lactide co-glycolic acid (PLGA) polymer nanoparticles (NPs) have displayed improved drug delivery characteristics and biocompatibility. In this study, PLGA-Ery NPs were synthesized by the o/w emulsion diffusion method, having a particle size of 159 ± 23 nm and displayed 71.89 % of encapsulation efficiency. The PLGA-Ery NPs showed 1.5, 2.1 and 1.5-fold improved MIC and antibacterial efficacy against E. coli, S. aureus, and P. aeruginosa, respectively than the pure drug. As illustrated by scanning electron microscopy, PLGA-Ery NPs caused damage to the bacterial cell walls. Furthermore, a surface coating with PLGA-Ery NPs on a glass surface showed efficient inhibition (>90 %) of the biofilm formation by P. aeruginosa, as determined by fluorescence microscopy and MTT assay. This study demonstrates that PLGA-Ery NPs can increase the efficiency of erythromycin and can suppress the growth and biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa. Such polymeric nanoparticles drug nanoformulations have potential as an antimicrobial and as a surface coating for medical devices.

Photoswitchable dual-color fluorescent polymeric nanoparticles for self-erased time-resolved information encryption and anti-counterfeiting

Photoswitchable dual-color fluorescent polymeric nanoparticles for self-erased time-resolved information encryption and anti-counterfeiting

Utilization of Polymers for the Development of Nanomaterials

AbstractThis study highlights the significance of polymers in the progress of nanoparticles across various areas. The molecules of polymers are highly regarded for their ability to adapt and self‐assemble, making them essential components in the creation of nanomaterials. The variety of polymers include natural polymers such as chitosan, synthetic polymers like polyethylene, and biodegradable polymers like poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA). These kinds of polymers possess distinct advantages such as high strength, environmental sustainability, and biocompatibility. Incorporation of nanoscale fillers into polymer matrices, which enhances the mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties of materials, is crucial for the development of nanocomposites. Illustration instances encompass carbon nanotube‐polymer composites and polymer clay hybrids, which find application in the construction, automotive, and aerospace sectors. Composites can employ many synthetic methods to generate nanostructures. Nanofibers have utility in tissue engineering, whereas polymer nanoparticles function as carriers for medical delivery. Also, polymers enhance nanomaterials by modifying their surfaces, a crucial factor for their application in membrane technology, catalysis, and sensing. A collaborative synergy between polymers and nanoparticles fosters a wide range of applications, showcasing the versatility and potential of polymers in altering the characteristics of nanomaterials. The resulting partnership continues to generate pioneering breakthroughs that address complex challenges and unveil unprecedented prospects in the domains of science, technology, and business.

Exploring Nanoparticles: Types, Advantages, Challenges, and Applications in Drug Delivery and Technology

ABSTRACT: Recently the use of particulate systems, such as nanoparticles, has physically altered and improved the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic aspects of many different types of pharmaceutical compounds. They have been used in vivo to protect the drug entity in systemic circulation, restrict drug access to the desired locations, and deliver the drug at a steady and controlled rate to the site of action. Without a doubt, the size of medication delivery research is getting smaller and smaller. Nanotechnologies are therefore emerging as a field in medicine that promises to produce significant therapeutic benefits. One of the most challenging issues facing the pharmaceutical business is the development of effective, small delivery devices that can safely and accurately deliver a medication to a designated site of action. They are working to reformulate the blockbuster drugs that are presently on the market and add new indications in order to maintain valuable scientific findings and therapeutic advancements. Nano emulsions, liposomes, and lipid or polymeric nanoparticles are the fundamental elements of nano delivery systems.