Polymer Proton Exchange Membrane Research Articles

Fabricating rapid proton conduction pathways with sepiolite nanorod-based ionogel/Nafion composites via electrospinning

The major limitation of conventional sulfonated polymer proton-exchange membranes (PEMs) is their strong reliance on water molecules for proton conduction, causing a significant reduction in proton conductivity under low-humidity conditions. In this study, a one-dimensional ionogel (IL@Sep) confined within sepiolite (Sep) nanorods was prepared using ionic liquid (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate) and supercritical CO2. Subsequently, IL@Sep was blended with a Nafion solution, and electrospinning was used to fabricate the composite fiber PEM suitable for low-humidity environments. The results revealed that the electrospun (ES)-Nafion/IL@Sep composite fiber membrane exhibited significantly enhanced mechanical properties, water absorption, and proton conductivity. At an IL@Sep content of 2 wt%, the Nafion/2IL@Sep membrane exhibited a proton conductivity of 231 mS cm−1 at 80 °C/98 % relative humidity (RH) and 113 mS cm−1 at 80 °C/40 % RH. Moreover, the single-cell assembled with this composite membrane exhibited good gas tightness and achieved a peak power density of 779 mW cm−2 at 60 °C/80 % RH, which was ∼1.45 times that of the Nafion 212 membrane single-cell. This study indicates that electrospinning-assisted ionogel-modified ES-Nafion/IL@Sep composite fiber membranes have potential suitability for use in proton-exchange membrane fuel cells under varying humidity conditions.

Supramolecular Complexation of Metal Oxide Cluster and Non‐Fluorinated Polymer for Large‐Scale Fabrication of Proton Exchange Membranes for High‐Power‐Density Fuel Cells

AbstractCost‐effective, non‐fluorinated polymer proton exchange membranes (PEMs) are highly desirable in emerging hydrogen fuel cells (FCs) technology; however, their low proton conductivities and poor chemical and dimension stabilities hinder their further development as alternatives to commercial Nafion®. Here, we report the inorganic‐organic hybridization strategy by facilely complexing commercial polymers, polyvinyl butyral (PVB), with inorganic molecular nanoparticles, H3PW12O40 (PW) via supramolecular interaction. The strong affinity among them endows the obtained nanocomposites amphiphilicity and further lead to phase separation for bi‐continuous structures with both inter‐connected proton transportation channels and robust polymer scaffold, enabling high proton conductivities, mechanical/dimension stability and barrier performance, and the H2/O2 FCs equipped with the composite PEM show promising power densities and long‐term stability. Interestingly, the hybrid PEM can be fabricated continuously in large scale at challenging ~10 μm thickness via typical tape casting technique originated from their facile complexing strategy and the hybrids’ excellent mechanical properties. This work not only provides potential material systems for commercial PEMs, but also raises interest for the research on hybrid composites for PEMs.

Electrospinning-assisted construction of rapid proton conduction channels in halloysite nanotube-encapsulated ionic liquid-embedded sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) proton exchange membranes

The most fatal drawback of traditional sulfonated polymer proton-exchange membranes (PEMs) is their heavy dependence on water molecules to conduct protons, which causes a sharp decrease in their proton conductivity in low-humidity environments. Here, composite membranes were fabricated by electrostatically spinning halloysite nanotube-encapsulated ionic-liquids (IL@HNTs) incorporated into sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) (SPEEK/IL@HNTs). Using electrospinning, one-dimensional IL@HNTs ionogels with good water absorption were axially and uniformly aligned along the fiber filament direction. This formed long-range uninterrupted proton conduction pathways that greatly improved the proton conductivity of the composite membrane under various humidity environments. The axially-aligned structure facilitated crystallization, which improved the mechanical properties and thermal stability of the composite membrane. The SPEEK/6IL@HNTs membrane exhibited a through-plane proton conductivity of 139.2 mS cm−1 at 90 °C/98 % RH, representing a significant increase compared with the intrinsic SPEEK membrane. The SPEEK/6IL@HNTs membrane demonstrated a maximum power density of 732 mW cm−2, which exceeded that of the Nafion115 membrane (328 mW cm−2) by a factor of 2.2. It exhibited a single-cell performance equivalent to that of the Nafion212 membrane (723 mW cm−2), demonstrating that this provides a feasible approach to operating fuel cells in low-humidity environments without additional humidification.

Proton exchange membrane deriving from sulfonated N-heterocyclic poly(aryl ether ketone)s containing ether-free proton conducting units and performing enhanced physicochemical stability and conduction properties

Sulfonated aromatic polymer proton exchange membranes suffer from the trade-off relationship between physicochemical stability and proton conductivity hampering the membrane application in fuel cells. To bridge the effect, the high-performance membranes exhibiting excellent proton conduction behavior and good stability are constructed from sulfonated N-heterocyclic poly(aryl ether)s designed elaborately, in which the hydrophilic units are constructed by combining the high-density pendant benzenesulfonic groups and biphthalazindione structures without the introduction of weak linkage units like ether bonds. The twisted heterocyclic structures and the multiple interactions between heterocyclic structures and sulfonic groups enhance the physical stability and proton-conduction behavior with the highest conductivity of 256 mS cm−1 for the membranes. The membranes perform rupture time between 3.9 and 7.1 h in high temperature Fenton's oxidation test, exhibiting good chemical stability. The cells loading the membranes perform the maximum power density between 1.08 and 2.30 W cm−2. The above results verify the benefits of constructing ether-free heterocyclic hydrophilic units with high-density proton-conducting groups for the improvement of comprehensive membrane performance.

Application of nanoparticles in modified polybenzimidazole-based high temperature proton exchange membranes

Polymeric proton exchange membranes (PEMs) are vital components of fuel cells, as they enable the transport of protons while preventing the crossover of fuel and oxidant gases. However, conventional PEMs have limitations such as low use temperature, low proton conductivity, and poor mechanical and thermal stability. Various types of nanoparticles have been investigated to modify PEMs to overcome these limitations, as they can increase proton conductivity, mechanical strength, thermal stability, and chemical resistance. Metal oxides such as SiO2 and TiO2 have been shown to improve the proton conductivity and mechanical properties of PEMs. Carbon-based materials such as graphene oxide have been found to enhance both the proton conductivity and thermal stability of PEMs. The use of nanoparticles in modified polymeric PEMs for fuel cells shows excellent potential for improving the performance and durability of fuel cells. Future research should focus on developing cost-effective and scalable methods for nanoparticle synthesis and incorporation into PEMs. Polybenzimidazole (PBI) is the most widely studied high-temperature polymer for preparing composite PEMs. This review provides the recent development of PBI composite PEMs modified with different types of nanoparticles.

ПАЛИВНІ ЕЛЕМЕНТИ – АЛЬТЕРНАТИВНЕ ДЖЕРЕЛО ЕНЕРГІЇ

Electricity production by stations operating on coal, natural gas, gasoline, or other energy carriers is carried out according to the scheme: chemical energy of fuel - thermal energy - energy of motion - electricity. Chemical energy in fuel cells is converted into electrical energy, avoiding intermediate stages. At the same time, a significant gain is obtained both in materials and in energy. These devices are long-term chemical current sources. They are environmentally friendly. Their use in the automotive industry also significantly reduces harmful emissions into the environment. There are two areas of PE application: autonomous and large power generation. In particular, FSs can solve today's pressing problem of energy storage: daily and weekly load fluctuations of power systems significantly reduce their efficiency and require so-called maneuvering capacities. One of the options for electrochemical energy storage is a fuel cell in combination with electrolyzers and gas holders (storage for large quantities of gas). The use of PE in a car promises the greatest benefits. Here, like nowhere else, the compactness of PE is indicated. Among all types of FS, FS with a polymer proton exchange membrane as an electrolyte (PEMFC) has currently found the greatest use. They are used in transport (almost 100% of all cars running on hydrogen). The segment of fuel cells with phosphoric acid as an electrolyte (PAFC) is considered the most "mature" among all fuel cell technologies. Advantages: - low requirements for fuel purity; a large resource of work. The main emphasis in their application is large stationary sources of thermal and electrical energy. FSs based on molten carbonate (MCFC) are characterized by high fuel conversion efficiency - electrical efficiency reaches 60%.

High performance poly(isatin alkyl-terphenyl)s proton exchange membranes with flexible alkylsulfonated side groups

Hydrocarbon-based polymer proton exchange membranes (PEMs) free of heteroatom linkages are supposed to be an attractive alternative for the most advanced perfluorosulfonic acid PEMs, but it is challenging to synthesize them. Here we disclosed a series of aliphatic chain-containing poly(isatin diphenyl-co-terphenyl)(PIDT) copolymers, which were conveniently prepared by superacid-catalyzed Friedel-Crafts polycondensation. Subsequently, the sulfonated copolymer (SPIDT) membranes were prepared by the grafting of side-chain sulfonic acid groups. Due to the formed continuous and efficient nanoscale proton transport channel, these PEMs exhibited excellent proton conductivity showing 186 mS/cm at 80°C, higher than Nafion115 (150 mS/cm). Meanwhile, the prepared membranes exhibited good oxidative stability. The residual weight of the membranes is still greater than 98 wt % after 1 h immersion in Fenton’s reagent at 80°C. Notably, the direct borohydride-hydrogen fuel cell (DBHFC) equipped with SPIDT-50 membrane as the diaphragm showed the peak power density of 71 mW•cm−2 at 25°C, which was greater than that of Nafion115 (63 mW•cm−2). Therefore, the hydrocarbon-based PEMs prepared in this study show promise for application in fuel cells.

High Performance and Self-Humidifying of Novel Cross-Linked and Nanocomposite Proton Exchange Membranes Based on Sulfonated Polysulfone.

The introduction of inorganic additive or nanoparticles into fluorine-free proton exchange membranes (PEMs) can improve proton conductivity and have considerable effects on the performance of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells. Based on the sol–gel method and in situ polycondensation, novel cross-linked PEM and nanocomposite PEMs based on a sulfonated polysulfone (SPSU) matrix were prepared by introducing graphene oxide (GO) polymeric brushes and incorporating Pt-TiO2 nanoparticles into an SPSU matrix, respectively. The results showed that the incorporation of Pt-TiO2 nanoparticles could obviously enhance self-humidifying and thermal stability. In addition, GO polymer brushes fixed on polymeric PEM by forming a cross-linked network structure could not only solve the leakage of inorganic additives during use and compatibility problem with organic polymers, but also significantly improve proton conductivity and reduce methanol permeability of the nanocomposite PEM. Proton conductivity, water uptake and methanol permeability of the nanocomposite PEM can be up to 6.93 mS cm−1, 46.58% and be as low as 1.4157 × 10−6 cm2 s−1, respectively, which represent increases of about 70%, about 22% and a decrease of about 40%, respectively, compared with that of primary SPSU. Therefore, the synergic action of the covalent cross-linking, GO polymer brush and nanoparticles can significantly and simultaneously improve the overall performance of the composite PEM.

Structural architectures of polymer proton exchange membranes suitable for high-temperature fuel cell applications

High-temperature proton exchange membrane (HT-PEM) fuel cells offer more advantages than low-temperature PEM fuel cells. The ideal characteristics of HT-PEMs are high conductivities, low-humidity operation conditions, adequate mechanical properties, and competitive costs. Various molecular moieties, such as benzimidazole, benzo-thiazole, imide, and ether ether ketone, have been introduced to polymer chain backbones to satisfy the application requirements for HT-PEMs. The most common sulfonated polymers based on the main chain backbones have been employed to improve the rties. Side group/chain engineering, includ crosslinking, has been widely applied to HT-PEMs to further improve their proton conductivity, thermal stability, and mechanical properties. Currently, phosphoric acid-doped polybenzimidazole is the most successful polymer material for application in HT-PEMs. The compositing/blending modification methods of polymers are effective in obtaining high PA-doping levels and superior mechanical properties. In this review, the current progress of various membrane materials used for HT-PEMs is summarized. The synthesis and performance characteristics of polymers containing specific moieties in the chain backbones applied to HT-PEMs are discussed systemically. Various modification approaches and their deficiencies associated with HT-PEMs are analyzed and clarified. Prospects and future challenges are also presented.

Water channel structure of alternative perfluorosulfonic acid membranes for fuel cells

The use of fuel cells is strategic in the global energy system; their inclusion in eco-cars, avoiding CO2 emission, represents a crucial enhancement for the environment. For this reason, any improvement in their use and optimization is fundamental for our society. Since one of the main components in these cells is their polymeric proton exchange membrane, in this work, the commercial Fumapem F-14100 and F-1850 membranes have been studied, both representing a cheap and effective alternative in direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) applications. Their characterization will provide a new insight about them, in order to optimize and improve future fuel cell operation conditions. Small angle neutron scattering (SANS) has been used in this work to achieve a nanometric structural characterization of these membranes, which is key for understanding their physicochemical properties. Starting from SANS measurements, empirical fitting models were applied in order to obtain global sample features, which allowed to propose a lamellar water channel structure. Then, 2D scattering length density maps generated by Monte Carlo simulations were optimized to match the experimental SANS intensity profiles by using the inverse Fourier transform method. In addition, the crystalline contribution from the sample ordered domains was also studied by using X-ray diffraction.

Fabrication of Catalytic Compositions for Electrodes of Fuel Cells and Water Electrolyzers with Proton-Exchange Membrane by Magnetron Sputtering of Composite Targets

Catalytic coatings for electrodes of fuel cells and water electrlyzers with a polymeric proton-exchange membrane were prepared by magnetron sputtering of composite targets and studied. The noble metals platinum and iridium were used as inserts into the base targets made of graphite, molybdenum, titanium, or nickel. The effects that parameters of different processes occurring in magnetron sputtering have on the electrochemical behavior and structural properties of catalytic compositions are investigated. The prepared coatings display high catalytic activity. We discuss the feasibility to use magnetron sputtering for fabrication of thin nanostructured catalytic compositions as part of industrial technology of fuel cells and electrolyzers with proton-exchange membrane and low noble metal contents.

Co-tri MOF-impregnated Aquivion® composites as proton exchange membranes for fuel cell applications

In polymeric proton exchange membranes, the impregnation of filler materials, such as metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), has attracted considerable attention. Aquivion® is a state-of-the-art membrane used in fuel cells and electrolysis applications because of its mechanical stability and elevated proton conductivity at high temperatures. By applying the theory of coordination networks with the incorporation of a high-proton-conductive Co-tri MOF, {[(Co(bpy)(H2O)4](Hbtc).(H2O)1.5}n, the proton conductivity of Aquivion® is improved. Co-tri MOF/Aquivion® composite membranes are prepared in different weight percentages using the solution casting method and are tested within a fuel cell system. The 1-wt.% Co-tri MOF/Aquivion® blend membrane shows an improved cell performance and a 66% increase in proton conductivity compared with that of the pristine Aquivion® membrane. The effect of Co-tri MOF on the Aquivion® membrane’s structural morphology and thermal properties is also investigated.

Co-Tri MOF -Impregnated Aquivion® Composite Membrane for Fuel Cell Application

A membrane electrode assembly (MEA) is regarded as a center of the polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), and a solid electrolyte membrane is an indispensable component of the MEA. Reducing the ohmic resistance while improving mechanical stability is a challenge to membrane research and development. In polymeric proton exchange membranes (PEMs), Metal−organic frameworks (MOFs) have gained a great deal of attention as filler materials because of their tenability and designability. Aquivion® is a state-of-the-art membrane used in fuel-cell and electrolysis applications because of its mechanical stability and elevated proton conductivity. Considering the theory of coordination networks, the conductivity of short-side-chain (SSC) Aquivion® has been improved by incorporating the highly proton-conductive Metal-Organic Framework (MOF), namely, Co-tri MOF {[(Co(bpy)(H2O)4](Hbtc).(H2O)1.5}n. The proton conductivity of the 1 wt.% Co-tri MOF/Aquivion® composite membrane is significantly increased by 66% than that of the pristine Aquivion® membrane, 3.5 times that of cast Nafion® membrane. The effect of Co-tri MOF on the Aquivion® membrane structural morphology and thermal properties were investigated by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The composite membrane showed an improved in ion conductivity and cell performance compared to the pristine Aquivion® membrane.

Preparation and Application of Aromatic Polymer Proton Exchange Membrane with Low-Sulfonation Degree

4,4′-Dichlorodiphenylsulfone-3,3′-disulfonic acid (disodium) salt and 4,4′-difluorodiphenylsulfone were used as sulfonated monomer. 4,4′-Fluorophenyl sulfones were used as the nonsulfonated monomer. 4,4′-Dihydroxy diphenyl ether or 4,4′-thiodibenzenethiol was used as the comonomer. The sulfonated poly (aryl ether sulfone) (SPES) and sulfonated poly (arylene thioether sulfone) (SPTES) with sulfonation degree of 30% and 50% were successfully prepared by nucleophilic polycondensation. Two kinds of aromatic polymer proton exchange membranes were prepared by using sulfonated poly phthalazinone ether ketone (SPPEK) material and fluidization method. The performance of the prepared aromatic polymer proton exchange membrane was researched by the micromorphology, ion exchange capacity, water absorption and swelling rate, oxidation stability, tensile properties, and proton conductivity. Experimental results show that there is no agglomeration in the prepared aromatic polymer proton exchange membrane. The ion exchange capacity is 0.76–1.15 mmol/g. The water absorption and swelling rate increase with the increase of sulfonation degree. The sulfonated poly (aryl ether sulfone) membrane shows better oxidation stability than sulfonated poly (aryl sulfide sulfone). They have good mechanical stability. The prepared aromatic polymer proton exchange membrane with low sulfonation degree has good performance, which can be widely used in portable power equipment, electric vehicles, fixed power stations, and other new energy fields.

Graphene modified fluorinated cation-exchange membranes for proton exchange membrane water electrolysis

One of major current technical challenges in proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE) is the limited proton conductivity. Nowadays, graphene is considered one of the most promising candidates for improving the ionic transport properties, isotopic selectivity and proton conductivity throughout the unique two-dimensional structure. In this paper, we report on the development of graphene modified commercial membranes (Fumapem®) containing different graphene loadings for PEMWE applications. The membranes are characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and thermo-gravimetrical and differential thermal analysis (TGA-DSC). Properties of composite membranes are investigated, including water uptake and ion-exchange capacity (IEC). In plane four-electrode arrangement is used to determine the proton conductivity of the composite membranes. It is found that composite membranes show an improved behaviour when compared to pristine commercial membranes and graphene loading can improve proton conductivity. In our conditions, the calculated activation energy (Ea) for proton conduction is found to be about 3.80 kJ mol−1 for the composite Fumapem®/graphene membrane with 10 mg graphene loading, lower than of the pristine polymer proton exchange membrane.

Transport Rate of Liquid Water and Saturated Water Vapors across Polymer Proton-Exchange Membranes

Dependences of the transport rate of liquid water and saturated water vapor across commercial membranes (Nafion, MF-4SK) and proton-exchange membranes synthesized by the authors (PVDF, PP, UHMWPE, PTFE films modified with sulfonated polystyrene) on the membrane thickness have been studied. It has been found that at room temperature (17–25°C), the transport rate of liquid water and saturated water vapor across the membranes into an air stream hardly depends on the membrane type and thickness (60–240 μm), with the transport rate of saturated vapor being almost an order of magnitude below that of liquid water contacting one of the membrane surfaces. The fact that the flux of water and water vapor across the membrane does not depend on membrane thickness under conditions of maximum moistening suggests that the flow resistance is determined by the resistance at the feed and permeate interfaces. If one of the membrane surfaces is in contact with liquid water, the transport rate is equal to the rate of water removal from the permeate surface of the membrane; in the case of contact with saturated vapor, the transport rate is determined by the rate of water sorption from the vapor phase by the membrane. The results can be used to optimize the operation of fuel cells based on polymer proton-exchange membranes.

A review: Exergy analysis of PEM and PEM fuel cell based CHP systems

In recent years, growing attention has been given to new alternative energy sources and exergy analysis since fossil fuels cause emissions that have some negative impacts on earth such as global warming, greenhouse effect etc. New power generation systems have been developed in order to reduce or eliminate these impacts as possible. So that, new alternative energy systems have been taken place instead of fossil fuel based systems with nearly zero emission levels. One of them is solid polymer electrolyte or proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell. Although it has significant advantages, there are some disadvantages such as cost, and hydrogen is not a fuel that can be easily obtained. For these reasons, efficiency of a PEM fuel cell has a great significance. Energy efficiency of a system is the most important parameter for utilization. But, energy analysis does not always show the capacity to do work potential of energy of a system. Exergy analysis must be investigated for a system in order to see available work of the system. Because of disadvantages of the PEM fuel cell, exergy analysis has quite importance. In this paper PEM fuel cell and exergy analysis of PEM fuel cell are combined and investigated. A detailed review of the past and recent research activities has been documented. The review focuses on exergy analysis of both PEM fuel cells and PEM based combined heat and power (CHP) systems at different operating parameters. It is concluded that there are a lot of parameters which effects the exergy efficiencies of systems.

Structure and electrical properties of polymer electrolyte membrane for fuel cell application

In this study to investigate the Polymer Electrolyte Membrane or Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) that were synthesized by using acrilonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS). In order to enhance ability as a proton conductive polymer membrane as electrolyte, amorphous and crystalline silica ( 3 % and 5 %) were added to the initial mixture of ABS to inhibit relatively high proton conductivity. The structural and morphological characterization of samples was done by X-ray powder diffractometer, FTIR and scanning electron microscopy. Electrical properties were determined by LCR-meter (HIOKI 3522-50LCR HiTESTER). The structure analysis shows that the ABS amorphous phase with the unsmoth surface. The electrical conductivity of Polymer Electrolyte Membrane is 4,21 x10-3 S/cm of ABS with 5 % amorphous silica.

Rational Design of S-UiO-66@GO Hybrid Nanosheets for Proton Exchange Membranes with Significantly Enhanced Transport Performance.

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are being intensively explored as filler materials for polymeric proton exchange membranes (PEMs) due to their potentials for the systematic design and modification of proton-conducting properties. S-UiO-66, a stable MOF with functional groups of -SO3H in its ligands, was selected here to prepare S-UiO-66@graphene oxide (GO) hybrid nanosheets via a facile in situ growth procedure, and then a series of composite PEMs were prepared by hybridizing S-UiO-66@GO and sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK). The resultant hybrid nanosheets not only possessed abundant -SO3H groups derived from the ligands of S-UiO-66 but also yielded a uniform dispersion of S-UiO-66 onto GO nanosheets, thus effectively eliminating the agglomeration of S-UiO-66 in the membrane matrix. Thanks to the well-tailored chemical composition and nanostructure of S-UiO-66@GO, the as-prepared SPEEK/S-UiO-66@GO composite PEMs present a significant increase in their proton conductivity under various conditions. In particular, the proton conductivity of the SPEEK/S-UiO-66@GO-10 membrane was up to 0.268 S·cm-1 and 16.57 mS·cm-1 at 70 °C-95% RH and 100 °C-40% RH (2.6 and 6.0 times that of recast SPEEK under the same condition), respectively. Moreover, the mechanical property of composite membranes was substantially strengthened and the methanol penetration was well-suppressed. Our investigation indicates the great potential of S-UiO-66@GO in fabricating composite PEMs and also reveals that the high proton conductivity of MOFs can be fully utilized by means of MOF/polymer composite membranes.

SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES OF AROMATIC POLYESTERS WHITH CARDED FRAGMENTS

Polyethers are of great interest for various industries due to a complex of valuable properties, such as heat resistance, fire resistance, high strength, etc. Carded polymers occupy a special place among polymers with increased heat resistance, containing in the main polymer chain at least one element that is part of the lateral cyclic grouping. The presence of such fragments increases the glass transition temperature and heat resistance, which allows the copolymers to be operated at higher temperatures without changing the physico-mechanical parameters. For crystalline polymers, the presence of cardo fragments leads to better solubility in organic solvents. One of the promising ways of synthesizing heat-resistant polymeric materials is based on the use of aromatic compounds such as 3,3-bis (4'-hydroxyphenyl) phthalide, 3-chloro-3- (diphenyloxyd-4'-yl) phthalide, 3- chloro-3- (diphenylsulfide-4'-yl) phthalide, 9,9-bis (4'-hydroxyphenyl) fluorene, 9,9-bis (4'-hydroxyphenyl) anthrone-10, 2-phenyl-3,3- Bis (4'-hydroxyphenyl) phthalimidine and the like. At present, the worldwide problem of the release of toxic waste into the environment is aggravated, which causes irreversible climatic changes. To solve this problem, it was proposed to develop solid fuel cells based on polymeric proton-exchange membranes. Thus, polymer membranes must satisfy a number of requirements: to provide minimal ohmic losses, to possess considerable proton conductivity, mechanical strength, thermal stability and to have limited solubility in organic solvents. Polymer membranes with carded fragments in the main chain satisfy all the requirements. In the presented review features of synthesis and properties of copolymers on the basis of polysulfones, polyether ketones, polyetherimides with carded fragments are considered.Forcitation:Shakhmurzova K.T., Kurdanova Zh.I., Zhansitov A.A., Baiykaziev A.E., Khashirova S.Yu., Pakhomov S.I., Ligidov M.Kh.Synthesis and properties of aromatic polyesters whith carded fragments. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2017. V. 60. N 6. P. 28-39.