Side-chain second-order nonlinear optical polyimides were prepared from four novel chromophore-containing diamines and 4,4′-(hexafluoroisopropylidene) diphthalic anhydride by a traditional two-step process that included a solution polycondensation followed by a chemical imidization. The four diamines were 2,4-di-β-aminoethylamino-6-p-nitrophenylamino-1,3,5-triazine (M1), 4-nitro-4′-[N-(4,6-di-β-aminoethylamino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]amino azobenzene (M2), 2,4-di-p-aminophenylamino-6-p-nitrophenylamino-1,3,5-triazine (M3), and 4-nitro-4′-[N-(4,6- di-4-aminophenylamino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]amino azobenzene (M4). All the polyimides exhibited maximum ultraviolet-visible absorption peaks or shoulders of chromophores at wavelengths below 400 nm, and those based on M1 and M3 were transparent at wavelengths above 450 nm, whereas those based on M2 and M4 were transparent at wavelengths above 550 nm. The polyimides possessed high glass-transition temperatures (Tg's; 218–247 °C) and thermal decomposition temperatures. They were soluble in aprotic solvents such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N,N-dimethyl acetamide, N,N-dimethyl formamide, and dimethylsulfone. Some were even soluble in common low-boiling-point solvents such as tetrahydrofuran. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 37: 4330–4336, 1999