Polyether Amine Research Articles

Damping performance analysis of carbon black/lead magnesium niobite/epoxy resin composites

Abstract Piezoelectric damping composites with excellent damping properties were prepared from carbon black (CB), lead magnesium niobate (PMN), epoxy resin, and polyether amine D-400. The tan δ {\rm{\tan }}\delta area (TA) analysis method is used to evaluate the leading factors of damping enhancement. This method clearly shows the influence of the maximum loss factor ( tan δ {\rm{\tan }}\delta max) and effective damping temperature range on damping performance, and the damping enhancement factors are quantitatively analyzed by TA values. When CB content is less than 8 wt%, viscoelastic damping and frictional energy dissipation are the main factors affecting polymer properties. When CB content reaches 8 wt%, the conductive network gradually forms, and the electric energy generated by PMN through the piezoelectric effect is dissipated by the conductive network, and the piezoelectric effect of PMN becomes the dominant factor. In this case, the maximum tan δ \tan \delta max and TA values of the composite are 1.93 and 27.58, respectively. The damping contribution of PMN and CB reaches 40.21% and 34.41%, respectively.

Constructing “nunchaku-like” multi-stage gradient interface via covalently grafting rigid-flexible-rigid structures onto carbon fibers: An effect strategy to improve interfacial properties of composites

A multi-scale “nunchaku-like” rigid-flexible-rigid structure was constructed on the CF surface using carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and polyether amines (PEA) to improve the interfacial properties of carbon fiber (CF) reinforced polymer composites. The multi-scale rigid-flexible-rigid structure not only enhanced the chemical bonding, mechanical engagement and wettability, but also balanced the modulus of the fibers and resin to achieve best match for less stress concentration. As a consequence, IFSS, ILSS and TFBT strength increased by 73.4%, 65.4% and 137.0% compared to the original composites. In addition, the composites failure behavior and the interfacial strengthening mechanism were investigated in detail. This work proposed a novel and promising strategy for the preparation of high-performance CF composite from the perspective of interfacial structure design.

Preparation of Epoxy Resin with Disulfide-Containing Curing Agent and Its Application in Self-Healing Coating.

Intrinsic self-healing polymers via dynamic covalent bonds have been attracting extensive attention because of their repeatable self-healing property. Herein, a novel self-healing epoxy resin was synthesized with disulfide-containing curing agent via the condensation of dimethyl 3,3'-dithiodipropionate (DTPA) and polyether amine (PEA). Therefore, in the structure of cured resin, flexible molecular chains and disulfide bonds were imported into the cross-linked polymer networks for triggering self-healing performance. The self-healing reaction of cracked samples was realized under a mild condition (60 °C for 6 h). The distribution of flexible polymer segments, disulfide bonds and hydrogen bonds in cross-linked networks plays a great role in the self-healing process of prepared resins. The molar ratio of PEA and DTPA strongly affects the mechanical performance and self-healing property. Especially when that molar ratio of PEA to DTPA is 2, the cured self-healing resin sample showed great ultimate elongation (795%) and excellent healing efficiency (98%). The products can be used as an organic coating, in which the crack could self-repair during a limited time. The corrosion resistance of a typical cure coating sample has been testified by an immersion experiment and electrochemistry impedance spectrum (EIS). This work provided a simple and low-cost route to prepare a self-healing coating for prolonging the service life of conventional epoxy coatings.

Effect of addition of polyether amine and TiO2 nanofibers on the properties of PEO based sodium ion conducting composites

Sodium ion conducting polymer composite films have been prepared using the blend of poly (ethylene oxide) and polyetheramine (JEFFAMINE ED2003) in which sodium trifluoromethane sulfonate (NaTf) salt and varying amounts of inorganic filler (TiO2 nanofibers) have been added. The effect of TiO2 nanofibers addition has been seen in terms of improved ionic conductivity and electrochemical stability of the nanocomposite film. Highest ionic conductivity of ∼3.5 × 10⁻⁵ Scm⁻1 (at room temperature) along with an electrochemical stability up to ∼2.6 V has been obtained for PEO-Jeffamine blend based solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) with 10 wt% of NaTf salt and a small amount (0.2 wt%) of TiO2 nanofibers. A non monotonic variation in the room temperature ionic conductivity and intensity of XRD peaks has been seen for composite films with increasing concentration of TiO2 nanofibers. Uniform distribution of salt (Na, F and S) and TiO2 nanofibers in the prepared composite film has been obtained in the elemental mapping. FTIR results have given evidence of interaction between the blended polymers, salt and TiO2. The wavelength and duration of exposure of UV radiation have altered the electrical properties of film. Increase in the number of ionic charge carriers has been attained on exposure to UV radiation.

Lightweight, electrical insulating, and high thermally conductive all-polymer composites with reinforced interfaces

High thermally conductive materials with good electrical insulating and mechanical properties are indispensable for electronics. Aiming for all-polymer composites with light weight, electrical insulation and high thermal conductivity (TC), ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fibers/epoxy composites with two kinds of fiber orientation structures (0°/90°, ±45°) were fabricated by hot-pressing. It is found that the in-plane TC of ±45° composite is approximately 1.3–1.4 times that of 0/90° one, and the corresponding mechanism is verified by finite element simulation and model calculation. Thermally conductive pathways formed by UHMWPE fibers endow 0/90° and ±45° composites with the in-plane TC of 9.94 and 13.61 Wm−1K−1, respectively. Through depositing polydopamine (PDA) and grafting polyether amine (PEA) onto the surface of fibers, the poor fiber/epoxy interface was improved, resulting in 40.7% and 52.3% improvement in interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) and shear modulus, respectively. Simultaneously, a higher in-plane TC as high as 15.76 Wm−1K−1 is achieved. The heat dissipation evaluation indicates that the composite can reduce the temperature of the resistance wire by 14 °C. This work reveals the great potential of UHMWPE fibers in heat dissipation and provides a strong candidate for electrical insulating support materials with high TC for heat management of electronics.

Novel Surfactant Compatibility with Downstream Protein Bioprocesses

Downstream processing of antibodies consists of a series of steps aimed at purifying the product and ensuring it is delivered to formulators structurally and functionally intact. The process can be complex and time-consuming, involving multiple filtrations, chromatography, and buffer exchange steps that can interfere with product integrity. This study explores the possibility and benefits of adding N-myristoyl phenylalanine polyether amine diamide (FM1000) as a process aid. FM1000 is a nonionic surfactant that is highly effective at stabilizing proteins against aggregation and particle formation and has been extensively explored as a novel excipient for antibody formulations. In this work, FM1000 is shown to stabilize proteins against pumping-induced aggregation which can occur while transporting them between process units and within certain processes. It is also shown to prevent antibody fouling of multiple polymeric surfaces. Furthermore, FM1000 can be removed after some steps and during buffer exchange in ultrafiltration/diafiltration, if needed. Additionally, FM1000 was compared to polysorbates in studies focusing on surfactant retention on filters and columns. While the different molecular entities of polysorbates elute at different rates, FM1000 flows through purification units as a single molecule and at a faster rate. Overall, this work defines new areas of application for FM1000 within downstream processing and presents it as a versatile process aid, where its addition and removal are tunable depending on the needs of each product.

A novel, high strength, ultra-fast room temperature self-healing elastomers via structural functional region optimization strategy

The development of self-healing material enabled people to obtain more reliable and intelligent chemical products. However, how to solve the contradiction between mechanical strength and self-healing efficiency has become the most urgent scientific problem. Here, we obtained a room temperature self-healing elastomer with high strength mechanical properties by one-step copolymerization of polyether amines with different molecular weight. The two functional regions, low density and high density hydrogen bond functional regions, were formed in polymer networks due to the different chemical length. The low density hydrogen bond functional regions chain segment with high efficiency of motion could promote the self-healing properties of the polymer. The high density hydrogen bond functional regions had a high molecular energy barrier, which would improve the rigidity of polymer network and enhance the mechanical properties of materials. The elastomers obtained not only possessed ability to fully self-healing within 6 h at room temperature, but also had a maximum tensile strength of 17.8 MPa and a fracture energy up to 105.7 KJ/m2. The amazing comprehensive properties was far ahead to room temperature self-healing material previously reported. In addition, we verified its great application prospects in the field of conductive polymer composites. Our work provided a new insight into the construction of room temperature self-healing materials with faster self-healing speed and higher mechanical strength.

Multifunctional polymer electrolyte membrane networks for energy storage via ion-dipole complexation in lithium metal battery

A novel concept of energy storage is presented involving ion-dipole complexation within multifunctional polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM), consisting of polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) and succinonitrile (SCN) plasticizer and lithium bis-trifluoromethane sulfonyl imide (LiTFSI) salt. A similar complexation of lithium ions with ether oxygen and amine moieties occurs in the thermally cured poly(ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether (PEGDGE) - polyether amine (Jeffamine D400, 2-arm) co-network. By virtue of the network functional groups, the ion transport is hindered which may be viewed as temporally holding of the Li ions, reminiscent of ion storage. Although some Li ions may be partially immobilized due to ion-dipole complexation, upon prelithiation via deep discharging the lithium metal/PEM/lithium iron phosphate (LFP) battery assembly to the low potential range of 0.01–0.5 V (i.e., oxidation at the Li metal anode), excess mobile Li ions become available that can travel to the cathode through the Li+ saturated complexation sites at ease, exhibiting high ionic conductivity with energy storage capability within the PEM matrix. Another way of supplying Li ions to PEM is through diffusion driven by ion concentration gradient between the two-layer PEM composite composed of a high salt concentration layer and a no-salt layer. The CV measurement was carried out as a function of aging time on the bilayer composite in the PEM potential range of 0.01 to 2.5 V, which indeed revealed a systematic emergence of redox reaction peaks, thereby validating the energy storing concept of the multifunctional PEM network.

Li-ion complex enhances interfacial lowest unoccupied molecular orbital for stable solid electrolyte interface of natural graphite anode

To increase cycle life and reduce costs for natural graphite anode, graphite tailings grafted with polyether amine (PEA) is prepared for artificial solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). The complex of PEA and Li+ has a well-tuned lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy (0.216 eV∼-0.239 eV) to improve the chemical stability of SEI components, effectively hinders electron transfer from anode to electrolyte, and inhibits electrolyte decomposition. Meanwhile, the strong adsorption between Li+ and PEA enhances the de-solvation ability of SEI, thus improving the rate performance of the anode. After 1000 cycles, the capacity retention of the anode material with grafted PEA molecular weight of 2000 is increased from 22% to 98%. The method can also improve rate performance for graphite anode, with the capacity retention rate at a current density of 1 A g−1 (vs. 0.1 A g−1) increasing from 42% to 72%. As expected, the full cell life with LiFePO4 as the cathode material is significantly extended, the capacity retention improved from 44% to 77% after 200 cycles.

Structure–Property Relationships in Epoxyurethane Polymers Based on Erythritol Dicarbonate

AbstractThe highly reactive erythritol dicarbonate (EDC) allows facile design and preparation of solvent‐ and catalyst‐free epoxyurethane polymers. Diglycidyl ether of bisphenol‐A (DGEBA) and oligo polyhydroxyurethanes are used to produce epoxyurethane polymers (o‐PHUs). The o‐PHUs are prepared using cyclic carbonates derived from erythritol and various diamines (aliphatic amine and polyether amine) or polyamines (diethylene triamine (DETA) and triethylne tetramine (TETA)). Active secondary amino groups derived from o‐PHUs polyamines form hydrogen bonds between urethane carbonyls in epoxy hybrid networks with the highest cross‐linking density (1293 mol m−3), glass transition temperature Tg (93 °C), and ultimate tensile strength (34 MPa). And the ether bond provides a significant potential for hydrogen bonding between hydroxyl group and ether oxygen, forming strong hydrogen bond cross‐linking between molecular chains, with cross‐linking density and ultimate tensile strength comparable to polyepoxyurethane derived from polyamines, except for a lower Tg (27 °C). In addition, these polyepoxyurethanes have superior adhesion to wood, aluminum alloy, and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) substrates. This versatile oligo PHUs would provide a wide range of fabrication options for adhesive epoxyurethane polymers.

The green CO2-controllable fatty acid-based deep eutectic solvents for sustainable oil separation

Hydrocarbon pollutants are not only serious environmental hazards in the exploitation of petroleum resources, but also lead to incomplete utilization of resources. At present, a green solvent called deep eutectic solvents (DES) gradually replaces traditional organic solvents to recover petroleum hydrocarbons, but its recovery still needs to be optimized. For this reason, hydrophobic DES with hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties that can be controlled by CO2 was developed using fatty acid (FA) as raw material. In the process of using liquid FA to drop into solid FA to prepare DES with an adjustable melting point, DCS technology was used to accurately obtain the melting point and latent heat of the experimental reagent FAs, and the solid − liquid diagram of DES was predicted. Interestingly, the DES prepared by the addition of solid FA and liquid FA retains its strong hydrophobic properties, while the viscosity and melting point can be significantly reduced. FA can transform from oil-soluble physical property to water-soluble physical property by electrostatic binding to polyether amine (D230). This weak non-covalent bond force can be dissociated by CO2 stimulation, FA can be restored to oil-soluble state, and D230 in aqueous phase can be reduced by removing CO2 by heating or bubbling N2. The reversible pH transformation of the system and 1H NMR confirm this CO2-switchable behavior. In addition, sustainable oil separation (kerosene) was successfully achieved with a maximum oil recovery of 94.6%. Therefore, the novel FA-based DES is expected to be used as an effective extractant for the sustainable clean recovery of hydrocarbons from petroleum resources.

Solvent-free covalent MXene nanofluid: A new lubricant combining the characteristics of solid and liquid lubricants

A sole liquid lubricant or solid lubricant cannot cater to the demands of high-efficiency lubrication performance. From the standpoint of fusion of solid and liquid lubrication, solvent-free nanofluids are expected to be promising lubricants. In this work, solvent-free covalent MXene nanofluids were synthesized by grafting MXene with organosilane (KH560) and polyether amine oligomer (M2070) via covalent linkage. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and rheological characterizations demonstrated that the MXene nanofluids were successfully synthesized and presented macroscopic fluidity at room temperature. Importantly, when used as a lubricant, the nanofluids perform well in friction-reduction and anti-wear properties even at high velocity (50 Hz), elevated temperature (100 °C), and heavy load (1100 N). The excellent tribological properties are ascribed to the nanofluids integrating the advantages of significantly improved load-bearing capacity and lubrication performance of the core nanomaterials, as well as liquid-like fluidity and self-healing characteristics of the organic shell. Moreover, the formation of 120–180 nm thick tribofilm on the worn steel surface was identified, which is significant in improving the lubrication performance. The above results suggest that the solvent-free MXene nanofluids should be a quite excellent candidate lubricant for integrating the advantages of solid and liquid lubricants and provide theoretical guidance for structural design of high-performance solvent-free nanofluid lubricants.

Construction of Mussel-Inspired “Inorganic–Organic” Hybrids onto a Cylindrical Carbon Fiber via Green and Rapid Manufacturing toward Enhanced Interfacial Adhesion of Composites

A mussel-inspired “inorganic–organic” hybrid coating with laminated architecture was used to wrap a circumferential carbon fiber through integrated utilization of polydopamine (PDA) nanosphere-decorated graphene oxide (GOPDA NPs) and PDA–polyether amine (PEA) under vacuum filtration, which has not been applied in fiber surface engineering. This modification process did not involve harsh conditions, toxic chemicals, and tedious operation, providing a facile, efficient, and sustainable procedure. By adjusting the deposition amount, an optimal structure and the corresponding strongest interfacial adhesion were achieved under addition of 30 mL. A growth of 88.6% up to 114.5 MPa in interfacial shear strength compared to that of the desized fiber (60.7 MPa) is visible. The reasons are associated with the improved wetting behavior and subsequent strong multi-interactions between the fiber and epoxy resin. The closely packed GOPDA NPs layers could effectively hinder crack extension, thus leading to great energy dissipation. Our strategy offers an attractive platform in surface engineering of one-dimensional fibers for producing high-performance composites to be applied in fields where energy saving, lightweight, and high performance characteristics are needed.

Photocured, highly flexible, and stretchable 3D-printed graphene/polymer nanocomposites for electrocardiography and electromyography smart clothing

This work focuses on the development of photocured, highly flexible and stretchable 3D-printed graphene/polymer nanocomposites for electrocardiography and electromyography smart clothing. We combined acrylate monomers and oligomers in different proportions to prepare photocurable resins with good stretchability and resilience. Graphene was then added to introduce conductivity to the photocured resin and to enhance its flexibility. This resin was used to 3D print sample patterns with microneedle surface structures. The sample patterns were successfully used as sensing components for the detection of human body signals. Two methods were compared to avoid graphene aggregation: (1) the addition of styrene maleic anhydride (SMA) to enable physical adsorption via π–π interactions between the aromatic rings and graphene; and (2) the addition of polyetheramine (PEA), which creates steric effects with graphene. An amphiphilic dispersant was prepared by grafting SMA onto PEA, and the ideal dispersion ratio was determined. The dispersant was mixed with photocured resin to form a graphene/photocured resin nanocomposite material. By varying the graphene content, a nanocomposite material with the lowest resistance (approximately 3 × 103 Ω/sq) and mechanical strength (tensile strength: >4 MPa, elongation at break: 320 %) was obtained. The material also demonstrated good resilience under a 50 % cycle fatigue. Finally, flat base plates that differed from those produced by conventional screen printing were 3D-printed. Materials with surface microneedle structures with different length-to-diameter ratios and inter-needle spacings were prepared, and the differences in skin contact among these materials were experimentally investigated by measuring electrocardiography and electromyography signals in humans. Our results demonstrate that highly customized 3D-printed resins with diverse and complex structures can be successfully integrated into smart clothing to monitor the physiological status of humans.

Layer-by-layer assembly of biomimetic fish scale structure on carbon fiber surfaces to improve thermal conductivity and mechanical properties of composites

Prompted by the excellent properties of biomimetic fish scale hierarchy, the layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly methodology was adopted in this paper to generate the graphene oxide (GO), polyetheramine (PEA), and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on the surface of carbon fibers (CFs), which leads to a new interface phase through the combination of alternately-arranged soft and hard inorganic nanoparticles and organic matrix. After two cycles of GO/PEA/CNT assembly conducted on the fiber surface, the thermal conductivity of the composite was improved by 51.5%. Besides, the interlayer shear strength, flexural strength, and flexural modulus increased by 52.2%, 33.3%, and 60.1%, respectively, which is attributed to the π-π interaction and π-π stacking between GO and CNTs, as well as to the synergistic interaction of hydrogen bonding and covalent bonding between GO/PEA/CNT. This study contributes a promising route to the production of biomimetic composites with high strength and excellent thermal conductivity.

One-step synthesis of a ZIF-8/90-based type I porous liquid.

A Type I porous liquid based on the mixed-linker zeolitic imidazolate framework, ZIF-8/90-PL, has been prepared by a one-step imine condensation reaction and characterized by X-ray diffraction, FT-IR spectroscopy, TGA and rheology analysis. This facile preparation strategy of a porous liquid has enormous industrial production and application potential, with over one kilogram of ZIF-8/90-PL being successfully prepared. ZIF-8/90-PL can be directly used as a liquid absorbent or be co-processed with alumina hollow fibers to form a composite membrane with improved selectivity in the context of CO2 separation from CH4 or N2. This simple synthesis method is expected to be extended to other metal-organic frameworks.

One-step fabrication of robust polyvinyl chloride loose nanofiltration membranes by synthesizing a novel polyether amine grafted styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer

Loose nanofiltration membrane possesses obvious advantages for treating textile wastewater to recycle the useful resources. However, the increasingly complicated composition of wastewater has raised significant challenges to the efficient separation of dye/salt mixtures and antifouling properties. Herein, a novel polyether amine grafted styrene-maleic anhydride polymer (SMA-g-PEA) was synthesized and utilized as the additive for fabricating PVC-based loose nanofiltration membranes. Segregated amphiphilic SMA-g-PEA in the membrane formation created uniform macropores on the surface due to its pore-forming ability, and the self-crosslinking and accelerated phase inversion generated a thin nanofiltration separation layer. By adjusting the grafting degree of PEA, the optimized PVC/SMA-g-PEA membrane displayed high rejections of methyl blue (96.4 %), Congo red (93.3 %) and acid fuchsin (68.6 %) and extremely low rejections of NaCl (0.18 %), Na2SO4 (4.75 %) and MgSO4 (2.24 %) due to the combination of size sieving and electrostatic interaction. Importantly, it also exhibited a permeate flux of 210 L/m2·h·bar during filtering the methyl blue/NaCl solution and a dye/salt selectivity of 31.93. Moreover, a strong and stable hydration layer was constructed on the membrane surface by integrating the amphiphilic characteristic of SMA-g-PEA and zwitterion potential in acid environment. Consequently, the antifouling properties were dramatically elevated by “fouling resistant” and “fouling release” strategies.

Preparation and Properties of Polystyrene/Polyacrylate Emulsion Based on Acetoacetate/Diamine Self-crosslinking at Ambient Temperature

In this work polystyrene/polyacrylate emulsions were obtained by a semi-continuous, seeded emulsion polymerization using methyl methacrylate (MMA), butyl acrylate (BA), butyl methacrylate (BMA), styrene (St) and 2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl acetoacetate (AAEM) as monomers and polyether amine (D400) as crosslinker. The emulsion films were obtained by self-crosslinking of the emulsion at ambient temperature, and their mechanical and damping behaviors were investigated. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed that crosslinking reactions between the acetoacetate groups of AAEM and amino groups of D400 had occurred and formed the C = C-N crosslinked structure. Moreover, tensile tests verified that the tensile strength of the film was significantly improved by the crosslinked structure, and its maximum reached 6.5 MPa, 211% higher than that of the uncrosslinked film. Besides, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) indicated that the crosslinking increased the glass transition temperature (Tg) and the corresponding activation energy () of the films. The results showed that the polystyrene/polyacrylate emulsion with 5 wt% AAEM and 3 wt% D400 possessed satisfying mechanical and damping properties. This work provides a reference for synthesizing self-crosslinking polystyrene/polyacrylate emulsions at ambient temperature.

Performance optimization of epoxy resin-based modified liquid asphalt mixtures

This study proposes a performance optimization scheme of liquid asphalt mixtures (LAMs) based on epoxy resin-based material modification and investigates its various performances. First, thermogravimetric analysis and headspace gas chromatography–mass spectrometry were used to analyze the differences between liquid asphalt before and after curing to clarify the formation mechanism of its adhesive force. Second, a molecular model was established. The best epoxy resin and curing agent types were evaluated using an improved Flory–Huggins model and the quantum computing method. Finally, two performance optimization schemes were established to reinforce the performance defects of the mixture caused by residual diluents. Results show that liquid asphalt solidification is a physical process of volatilization of diluents. Bisphenol A epoxy resin and a polyether amine curing agent are compatible with liquid asphalt and prone to curing reactions; thus, they are most suitable as epoxy resin-based modifiers. A solution obtained by adding 2% waterborne epoxy resin and 30% mineral powder replaced with cement can significantly improve the initial strength, strength generation rate, and low-temperature crack resistance of the LAM while optimizing high-temperature performance. This LAM modification can ensure that roads repaired using the modified LAM in a low-temperature environment can be quickly opened to use and improve the durability of the road surface.

Preparation of polyether amine-bridged lignosulfonate for utilization as a nano dye dispersant

The long-term stability of nano disperse dye slurry is a problem in industry. In this work, high molecular-weight polyether amine-bridged lignosulfonates (PEABLs) were prepared to improve the adsorption strength of dispersants on dye surfaces, and thus the stability of nano disperse dyes. Specifically, the molecular simulation software was firstly used to analyze the adsorption of PEABL on dye surfaces. Then, PEABLs with different molecular weights were synthesized and characterized by adjusting the addition of polyether amine. Next, nano disperse dyes were prepared using PEABLs and the optimum grinding conditions were explored and obtained. Finally, PEABL3 was determined to the optimum dispersant, having a smallest particle size (168 nm) and highest stability, comparable to the commercial Reax 85A dispersant and basically satisfying the demand of nano disperse dyes required in digital transfer printing technology. Quartz crystal microbalance (QCM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and zeta potential results showed as the molecular weight of PEABL increased, the adsorption amount, adsorbed layer rigidity, adsorption force and absolute zeta potential value all firstly increased due to the enhanced hydrophobic interaction, and then decreased due to the formation of complicated three-dimensional network structures caused by the crosslink of lignosulfonate molecules. A maximum was observed for PEABL3.