Polyester-cotton Fabrics Research Articles

Dynamic Moisture Absorption Behavior of Polyester-Cotton Fabric and Mathematical Model

We investigate the dynamic moisture absorption behavior of polyester—cotton fabrics of different warp and weft densities, survey the dry-basis moisture contents of these various fabrics under variant temperature and relative humidity, and acquire a dynamic moisture absorption curve and balanced moisture content of these fabrics. The results show that the fabric moisture absorption velocity is in reverse relation with its warp and weft densities. By applying the Fick’s Law for diffusion in porous media, a mathematical model for the fabric’s dynamic moisture absorption is established, which is represented in the form of a non-linear partial differential equation boundary value problem; in order to simplify the calculation of the solution, a model parameter a is put forward, defined as the “structural factor”, relating to the fabric structure. After the model is solved under six-point format finite difference method, the distribution of the dry-basis moisture content in the diffusion direction at different times can be obtained. Based on the experimental data, the golden section method is utilized to estimate the model parameter a, and the linear relation between the parameter a and the product of warp and weft densities j is obtained by mathematical software “Mathematica”. The simulation value of dry-basis moisture content from the model matches the experimental observations.

Polymolecular Layer Adsorption Model and Mathematical Simulation of Moisture Adsorption of Fabrics

By referring to the BET polymolecular layer adsorption model, this paper has built up the polymolecular layer adsorption model for the moisture adsorption of fabrics. For polyester—cotton fabrics of different warp and weft densities and different weave structures, in this paper we have carried out moisture adsorption experiments at 20—45°C and within a relative humidity range of 20—95%. Based on the experimental data of equilibrium dry-basis water content of moisture adsorption, in this paper we estimate the value of three parameters of the BET model with Mathematica software, and obtain the numerical value of each parameter in the model, namely the number of moisture adsorption layers in fabric ( n), the moisture adsorption performance parameter of materials ( C), the saturated equilibrium adsorption dry-basis water content ( Ym), and then the equilibrium dry-basis water content of materials after moisture adsorption under a certain temperature and relative humidity can be calculated from this model. According to the result, the simulated value tallies well with the experimental value and this shows that polymolecular layer adsorption theory could describe the moisture adsorption mechanism of fabrics well. In addition, we compare and analyze the differences in moisture adsorption performance among fabrics of different warp and weft densities and different weave structures.

Effect of Workwear Fabric Characteristics on the Changes in Tensile Properties of Sewing Threads after Sewing

During sewing at high speed, the needle thread is subjected to repeated tensile stresses, heat, bending, pressure, torsion and wearing. These stresses act on the thread repeatedly and the thread passes 50–80 times through the fabric, the needle eye and the bobbin case mechanism, before getting incorporated into the seam. As a result both the sewing thread and the yarns in the fabric get abraded/ severed during the seaming process. A number of researchers observed that there could be 30% to 40% strength loss in the cotton needle thread after sewing. The extent of damage becomes more critical if the fabric being used is of a dense, thick and heavy construction. A number of studies have been carried out on thread strength loss after sewing, but the impact of fabric characteristics on thread strength loss is still unexplored. In this paper, the effect of weight and fabric composition of workwear fabrics, on the changes in the tenacity, breaking elongation and initial modulus of the needle thread has been studied. The tenacity and breaking elongation loss increase with increase in fabric weight for staple threads and remain unchanged for core spun threads. The loss in initial modulus increases for polyester threads as fabric weight increases, and decreases for cotton thread. When sewn on polyester-cotton fabric of same weight, the cotton thread shows decrease in tenacity and breaking elongation loss, whereas loss in initial modulus increases. The polyester core spun threads show exactly opposite change, i.e. tenacity and elongation loss increase and loss in initial modulus decreases when sewn on polyester-cotton fabric.

Synthesis and application of polymeric fluorescent whitening agents

AbstractFrom p‐toluic acid, a series of polymeric fluorescent whitening agents (FWA) was synthesized. In the paper are given the details for the synthesis of the FWA and their intermediates. The products are water‐dispersible or water‐soluble, have good affinity with hydrophobic fabrics, affect the soil‐releasing effect on polyester, soiled or aged cotton fabrics, and can be incorporated into concentrated fabric conditioner, a product type using FWA that is being developed. Polymeric FWA add excellent brightness to polyester and soiled or aged cotton for which the usual anionic FWA have little effect.

The Effect of Wet Abrasive Wear on the Tensile Properties of Cotton and Polyester-Cotton Fabrics

Abstract The tensile properties of cotton and polyester-cotton woven fabrics have been analyzed in terms of the breaking load, breaking extension, breaking elongation, and elongation at 1 kg (1% full-scale-deflexion (FSD)) using the Instron Tensile Tester, Model 1026. Changes in tensile properties of the woves fabrics as a consequence of wear using the Accelerotor Abrasion Tester in wet conditions are illustrated. The tensile properties before and after abrasion and the effect of abrasion damage on the tensile properties were determined. The Spearman rank correlation coefficient was used to determine the interrelationship between the tensile properties and percentage loss in weight. Relationships between the tensile properties, mass, thickness, density, and specific volume of these fabrics before abrasion are also reported. A significant positive correlation (at 5% and 1% levels) was obtained between breaking load, breaking extension, and breaking elongation, and between breaking extension and breaking elongation in both wet and damp abrasion. Determination of a simple paired t-test showed that there was no significant difference between the unabraded and abraded fabrics (wet and damp), or between wet and damp abraded fabrics at the 95% confidence interval with respect to tensile properties.

N,N-diethylphenylacetainide in Treated Fabrics as a Repellent Against Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae)

The efficacy of fabrics impregnated with N,N-diethylphenylacetamide (DEPA), a new repellent, was studied in the laboratory and field against Aedes aegypti (L.) and Culex quinquefasciatus Say. DEPA-treated polyester cotton and cotton fabrics provided repellency for 30 and 36 d and had a half-life of 11 and 5 d, respectively. The repellent could not be applied at a rate of greater than 15% of fabric weight. DEPA-treated fabric patches were found to be a practical and novel approach and were effective for 90 d in the laboratory against Ae. aegypti and 77 d in the field against Cs. quinquefasciatus.

The Extinction Oxygen Index of Polyester-Cotton Blended Fabrics

Limiting and extinction oxygen index techniques have been used to study the effects that fabric variables and blend composition have on the burning be haviour of 20/80, 50/50 and 65/35 polyester-cotton blended fabrics. Whilst LOI values were not dependent on ignition time, they were for a given blend com position dependent on fabric area density. Lo values determined at zero area density were little dependent on blend composition for the blends studied. EOI values, as shown previously for single fibre component fabrics, were de pendent on igniter application times. Derived [EOI]o values at zero ignition times, like LOI, increased with area density. Zero area density or "free-fibre" ex tinction oxygen index Eo values, like LOI and Lo, varied only slightly with blend composition. However, when compared with respective values for pure polyester and cotton fabrics, the respective magnitudes of blend Eo values pro vide a better indication than do Lo values of the difference of blend from indi vidual component fibre burning behaviour. Thus it is considered that the ex tinction concept provides a better indication of the variations of flammable character of polyester-cotton blends compared to the individual fibre-con taining fabrics.

Resin Treatment of Polyester-Cotton Fabric at High Speeds Via Semistable Foam Finishing

Resin Treatment of Polyester-Cotton Fabric at High Speeds Via Semistable Foam Finishing

Contribution to the Electrokinetic Study of the Deposition of a Solid Soil on Polyester and Polyester-Cotton Fabrics in the Presence of Different Mixtures of Anionic and Non-ionic Surfactants Influence of Different Antiredeposition Agents

Les agents de surface etudies sont le laurylbenzenesulfonate de sodium et le triton X100. Les agents d'anti-redeposition sont la carboxymethylcellulose ou des ethers de cellulose

Polyacrylates in Flame Retardant Treatments of Textile Fabrics

Durable phosphorus-based flame retardants containing polyacrylate emul sions were applied to cotton, cotton-polyester, and cotton-wool twill fabrics to study the effect of the added polyacrylates on the physical properties and flame retardancy. The Thps-urea-TMM flame retardant with added polyacrylate im parted better overall physical properties to 100% cotton fabric than to cotton blend fabrics. Treatments containing polyacrylates with low glass transition temperatures produced fabrics with the highest abrasion resistance, tearing strength and wrinkle recovery. The flame retardancy of treated fabrics was not adversely affected by the addition of polyacrylates to the flame retardant treatments.

Flame resistant cotton fabrics prepared by radiation‐initiated polymerization with vinyl phosphonate oligomer and N‐methylolacrylamide

AbstractRadiation‐initiated polymerization of vinyl phosphonate oligomer (molecular weight 500–1000) and N‐methylolacrylamide from aqueous solutions was investigated with cotton printcloth, flanelette, and sateen fabrics and with cotton (50%)–polyester (50%) flannelette fabrics. Determinations were made of the effects of radiation dosage, mole ratio of vinyl phosphonate in the oligomer to N‐methylolacrylamide in aqueous solution, concentration of reactants, wet pickup of solutions on fabrics, and irradiation of both dry and wet fabrics on efficiency of conversion of oligomer and monomer in solution to polymer add‐on. The effects of vinyl phosphonate oligomer and N‐methylolacrylamide radiation‐initiated polymerization on some of the textile properties of cotton printcloth and on flame resistances of cotton and cotton–polyester fabrics were evaluated. The breaking strength of modified cotton printcloth was about the same as that of unmodified fabric; however, the tearing strength and flex abrasion resistance of modified fabric were reduced. The textile hand of the modified printcloth fabrics that had flame resistance indicated: interaction between cellulose and vinyl phosphonate oligomer–poly(N‐methylolacrylamide) and uniform deposition in the fibrous cross section (transmission electron microscopy); surface areas of heavy deposits of oligomer–polymer (scanning electron microscopy); and phosphorus located throughout the fibrous cross section (energy dispersive x‐ray analysis). Polymerization of vinyl phosphonate oligomer and N‐methylolacrylamide was radiation initiated with cotton–polyester fabric; however, this modified fabric did not have flame‐resistant properties.

Kinetics and Mechanisms of Detergency

It is shown that the kinetic order n and the average soil-removal rate coefficient k of particulate soil detergency can be determined by measuring soil removal during a constant time interval Δ t as a function of soil content of the fabric. With iron oxide as the model soil on cotton poplin and polyester fabrics, the kinetic order was found to be 1.1. The rate coefficient k decreases with increasing washing time, causing a deviation from first-order kinetics.

The Dimensions of 1 X 1 Rib Fabrics

Rib fabrics from cotton and cotton-blend yarns were treated to a variety of relaxation treatments. Cotton fabrics undergo greater wet relaxation shrinkage than synthetic fiber fabrics, while hot dry treatments have the opposite effect. Blends of cotton and synthetic fibers produce "u" values between high and low values of the 100% fabrics, while relaxation shrinkage is very fiber-sensitive. Consolidation shrinkage appears to be independent of the blend constitution of cotton polyester fabrics. Cotton rib fabrics attain similar "u" values to those reported for wool fabrics.

The Effect of Reactive Dyes on the Flammability and Physical Properties of Polyester/Cotton Fabrics

A series of cotton polyester fabrics was dyed at several levels with two Procion fiber-reactive dyes. Both oxygen index and ignition time showed small reductions as a result, but maximum heat transfer rate in the Mushroom Apparel Flamma bility Tester (MAFT) was unaffected. Small differences in fabric breaking strength and tear strength also were observed. These results suggest that, although the dye effects were small in this case, they may be more important in others.

Recurability and Textile Properties of Postactivated Cotton and Blend Fabrics

Cotton and cotton-polyester blend fabrics were finished by a dimethyloldihydroxyethyleneurea (DMDHEU)-glycolic acid-postactivation process to give fully-cured durable-press fabrics which could be given sharp, permanent creases by an ironing process. The resilience and strength-retention properties of these fabrics were equivalent to, or slightly better, than those of corresponding cotton or blend fabrics which had been finished by conventional durable-press processes. The postactivated blend fabrics accepted better creases at low temperatures than the corresponding cotton fabrics, but at the moderately higher temperatures required to form acceptable permanent creases, the creasabilities of the cotton and blend fabrics were almost equivalent. Unmodified blend fabrics and conventionally finished durable-press blend fabrics, either postactivated or not activated, accepted better permanent creases than the corresponding cotton fabrics, but none of these creases were acceptable.

Modifying the Electrical Resistivity of Durable-Press Fabric

The influence of crosslinking on the resistivity of cotton and cotton-polyester fabrics is reported. Chemical finishes, including the use of hydrophilic grafts and swelling crosslinking treatments, were employed to produce durable-press fabrics with resistivity close to that of the untreated fabrics. Such fabrics should have improved static characteristics.

The Effects of Laundering on the Performance of Open-End and Ring-Spun Yarns in Jersey Knit Fabrics

Bleached all-cotton and 50/50 cotton-polyester jersey knit fabrics were used for experimental purposes in this study. They were constructed similarly from open-end and ring-spun yarns in sizes 16s and 22s (English cotton count), respectively, with twist multiples suitable for each yarn type. The performance properties of the fabrics were evaluated initially and following 5, 15, and 25 laundering periods by means of a battery of destructive and nondestructive tests. When the physical characteristics of the fabrics composed of open-end-spun yarns were compared with those of ring-spun yarns, the open-end-spun cotton and cotton-polyester yarns in sizes 16s and 22s displayed superior resistance to pilling, slow wickability, and good dimensional stability. Because of the compactness of the open-end-spun yarns, these yarns experienced the least amount of compression and the greatest percentage of recovery. Due to the strength deficiencies of open-end-spun yarns, the cotton and cotton-polyester fabrics produced by this spinning method and composed of sizes 16s and 22s yarns were weaker, with respect to bursting and abrasion, when compared to fabrics constructed from yarns produced by the conventional ring-spinning technique.

Solvent Finishing of Cotton and Cotton-Polyester Blends Part II: Emulsions for Durable-Press Treatments

Cotton and cotton-polyester blend fabrics were treated with dimethyloldihydroxyethyleneurea in the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst from perchloroethylene-water emulsions. Commercially available emulsifiers, crosslinking reagents. softeners, and catalysts were used in emulsions applied by pad-dry-cure and pad-steam-cure techniques. Final fabric properties were comparable to those obtained from all-aqueous formulations.

Some Experiments on Detergency in Aqueous and Nonaqueous Media, V: Influence of Neutral Electrolytes (Monovalent Cations) in the Wash Liquor on the Deposition of Particulate Soil on Cotton and Polyester-cotton fabrics

The addition of neutral electrolytes always increased the deposition of particulate soils -- up to 100 or more times -- with both hydrophobic and hydrophilic soils, with all surfactants and on all cotton and poly-ester/cotton fibers. The concentration of soil deposited on the fabric was a linear function of the electrolyte concentration in the liquor, for not-too-high concentrations. The effect depends only on the molar con-centration of the ions and is independent of the molar weight. -- AATA

Solubility Studies of Flame Retardant Cotton-Polyester Fabric Blends

Because of increasing public awareness and strong legislative regulations, the production of nonflammable textile fabrics is essential. Generally, phosphorous-nitrogen polymers are very effective fire retardants, especially when applied to cotton fibers. Since many fabrics marketed today are blends of cotton and synthetic fibers, flame retardants that are compatible with these blends must be developed.Preliminary research on blended cotton-polyester fabrics treated with a mixture of tetrakishydroxyethylphosphonium chloride (THPC) urea, trimethylolmethylglycoluril (TMMGU), and polyvinylbromide (PVBr) has produced a flame retardant finish that is durable through 60 laundry cycles. This mixed emulsion was padded onto the fabric, dried, and heat cured to polymerize in situ on the surface and within the fibers. The polyvinylbromide was added because bromine compounds are known flame retardants and polyester has an affinity for polyvinylbromide.